Nā Guillemot lilo ka lunamakaʻāinana nui o ka ʻohana purebred, ma hope o ka helehelena āpau o nā ʻano o nā lehelehe ʻona. Ma muli o ka helu nui, e pili ana i 3 miliona mau huina wale nō ma nā kapakai o Rūsia, e pili ana i ka manu guillemot Nui nā ʻike a me nā hoihoi e ʻike ʻia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau
Manu Kaira ke kai, a ʻo kona ola a pau ma ke kahe o ke kahe a ka pali. I ka wā hana ʻana, hiki i nā mākeke manu ke piʻi i nā nui o nā ʻumi kaukani o nā kanaka. ʻO kēia ʻano kuʻuna mai ke kauoha Charadriiformes he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (37-48 cm) a me ke paona (ma luna o 1 kg).
Hōʻalo nā ʻēheu liʻiliʻi i hiki ke neʻe aku mai kahi wahi, kahi no lākou e makemake ai e lele mai kekahi pali (i kekahi manawa wā lākou i ka wā o ka haʻalulu haʻahaʻa) a i ʻole holo i ka wai. Hoʻohana hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻelua mau ʻano o nā guillemots, nā ʻano like loa i nā ʻano like ʻole: ka helehelena, nāʻai, nā noho hoʻoneʻe (hiki iā lākou ke noho kokoke a ʻike i ka ʻāina o kahi mākeke manu hoʻokahi).
Kālā manu manu Guillemots
Ma ka like like ʻole o ka manu o nā ʻano ʻelua (ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i kekahi mau manawa), aia kekahi manaʻo no ka mea e hui pū ai, akā huli ʻia ka hewa - koho nā guillemots i kā lākou nāhelehele like ʻole. ʻO ka hapa liʻiliʻi, i ʻole ʻoniʻoni ʻoia (Uria aalqe) no ka hapa nui loa e noho ana ma kahakai o ke kai ʻĀkau o ka Pākīpika a me ka Pukika.
I ka hema, e pālahalaha ana ka lehulehu i Pokukala. I ke kauwela, aia kahi kalaʻula-ʻeleʻeleʻele i nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana o luna o ka ʻēheu, ka huina, ke kua a me ke poʻo. Ua keʻokeʻo kekahi wahi nui o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū, i ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā wahi ma hope o nā maka a me nā ʻili.
Kani ʻia i ka guillemot aniani-paʻa
Eia kekahi, aia kahi ʻano o nā kala o ka pū, kahi i nā poloka keʻokeʻo e puni ana i nā maka, kahi ʻōuli kukui mai nā a o ke alo o ke poʻo. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau manu he guillemots eyeglass, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he mau subspecies ʻokoʻa (aia wale nō ka North Atlantic a me Pacific guillemots).
Thick-billed or Short-billed (Uria lomvia), manu manu guillemotNo laila, ʻoi aku ka makemake i ka noho ʻana i nā ʻīpuka ʻākau. Aia nā ʻikehele hema hema loa ma kahi o Sakhalin, nā Kuril, Island, a me Greenland.
Hoʻokoʻa loa ia mai kona mau hoa i ka paona nui (hiki i 1.5 kg). Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻē loa o ke kala o ka peni: ʻeleʻele loa ka luna (kokoke i ʻeleʻele), ua hapa nā palena o ke kala, ua loaʻa nā ʻōpio keʻokeʻo ma ka beak. Nui nā subspecies i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka noho - Siberian, Chukchi, Bering, ʻApelila.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka pū pili
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
He manu manu ʻo Kayra ma ka ʻAliki, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka hapa nui o lākou, e alakaʻi ana i ke ala koloka o ke ola, no ka mea e kōkua ai ka hoʻomau i ka mahana i loko o ke ʻano paʻakikī (a hiki i 20 mau pālua i hoʻokahi mika square). ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka noho ʻelua ʻana i ka noho hoʻokahi, ma ka holoʻokoʻa, he manu ʻūhā a manuahi nā guillemots i nā manawa a pau o ka lā.
Ua hele maikaʻi lākou me nā luna nui o nā holoholona nui o ka Arctic, me ka laʻana, me nā cormorants Atlantika, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana. E like me kekahi lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, hiki ke kau kai me ke kōkua o kona mau eheu. Mālama ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka wikiwiki o ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kau ʻana maikaʻi ma ka maneuvering ma lalo o ka wai.
Hoʻokomo ʻo Kayra i hoʻokahi hua manu ma ka pali
Malia paha ma muli o keʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kauwela Noho a kahi Guillemot ma luna o nā papa e hoʻowalewale nui ʻia, makemake lākou i ka hoʻoilo i nā hoʻoilo liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi wale paha ke kaawale. Noho ka manu i kēia manawa ma nā ʻalā kaʻawale a i ʻole kokoke i ka palena o ka hau. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomākaukau no ka mahina hoʻoilo i ka hopena o ʻAukake: ua mākaukau ka pipi e hahai i ka makua.
Mea ʻai
E like me nā ichthyophages, ʻAiʻai ka manu Guillemot ʻaʻole wale nā iʻa. Aia i loko o nā ʻano ʻano, ka hoʻopiha ʻia kona meaʻai i ke kauwela nui me ka nui o nā crustaceans, nā ʻāpana moana (nā guillemots anipiki (manawaleʻa-ʻoni nā guillemots), a i ʻole krill, mollusks a me nā mākau (ʻelua-ʻumi guillemots).
Hiki i nā mea kūlohelohe ke ʻai a hiki i ka 320 g a i kēlā me kēia lā. Kaira ʻo Kaira, kiʻi ka mea pinepine i hana ʻia me ka iʻa i loko o kona puʻuwai, hiki ke maʻalahi maʻalahi i ka wai i lalo o ka wai. ʻO ke kumu o kāna meaʻai hoʻoilo: cod, Atlantic herring, capelin a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi 5-15 cm ka nui.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Hoʻomaka ka poʻe Guillemots e hānai i mua o ʻelima mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻoulu i ka Mei. ʻO kēia ka manawa i kau ai nā wahine i ka hua hoʻokahi i nā ʻāpana o nā pōhaku. He poʻe koho lākou i ka koho ʻana i kahi wahi, no ka mea, pono e hahai kekahi mau lula e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻopakele i ka hua manu a ola i ke keiki ma lalo o nā ʻano ʻino. ʻAʻole pono ka nūnū ma waho o nā palena o ka mākeke manu, aia ma lalo o 5 m ma luna o ka moana kai a i kahi mamao loa, e kokoke loa i ka waena o nā pā kumu.
I ke kiʻi, nā hua manu manu guillemot
ʻO kahi pono hou e kōkua i ke mālama ʻana i ka pipi ʻo ia ka neʻe o ka gravity a me ka hua manu-ʻano. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole ia e kalalaha i ka mauna, akā e hoʻi ana, e wehewehe ana i ka pōʻai. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomaka ka screening i kēia manawa: ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi kīpī me nā hoalauna, ʻo kekahi mau mākua iho e iho i kahi hua hoʻokahi.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka waiho ʻia o ke kala o kēlā me kēia, ka mea e ʻae ai i nā guillemots ʻole e hana hewa a loaʻa iā lākou iho i ka lehulehu ma kā lākou e kau nei i nā mahina o ke kauwela. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka hina, hina a ʻulaʻula paha, ʻoiai ke keʻokeʻo paha lākou, me nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hōʻailona o ka lilac a me ka ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation i nā lā 28-36, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana o nā mākua ʻelua i kekahi 3 hebedoma o ka moa. A laila hele mai kahi manawa paʻakikī i ka mau pū ke lawe i nā kiʻina nui o ka nui a me ka pēpē e iho ai i lalo. ʻO ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka hulu o nā moa moa, a pau kekahi mau hiʻi i ka make.
I ke kiʻi o nā moa o ka guillemot
Akā naʻe, ola ka hapanui o nā pēpē, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka momona a me ka maniki i hoʻohui ʻia, a hui pū me ko lākou makuakāne e hele i kahi o ka hoʻoilo (pili ka wahine me lākou ma hope). ʻO 30 ka makahiki o ko ka ola ola ʻana no Kyra. Akā aia ma kahiʻike he 43 i nā makahiki 43 i hiki mai ma waena o nā ʻepekema.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Koho ʻia ka huaʻōlelo Uria e ka zoologist Farani M. Brisson i 1760 me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi guillemot aniani (Uria aalge) i ʻano ʻano inoa. ʻO nā ʻohana guillemots nā ʻohana o nā aeto (Alca torda), nā Luricans (Alle alle) a me ka manuahi manuahi manuahi, a hui pū ʻia lākou i ka ʻohana o nā purebreds (Alcidae). ʻOiai ka wehewehe mua ʻana, e like me nā haʻawina DNA, ʻaʻole like lāua i pili like me ka Cepphus grylle e like me ka manaʻo i hana ʻia ma mua.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo ka inoa o ka ʻano ʻano genus mai ka ʻ Greeklelo Helene kahiko ʻo ia, kahi wai wai i haʻi ʻia e Athenaeus.
Hoʻokahi kau huaʻāina ʻo Uria ʻelua mau ʻano: murre-billed murre (U. aalge) a me ka murre-billed murre (U. lomvia)
Kekahi mau prehistoric species o Uria i kaulana nō hoʻi:
- uria bordkorbi, 1981, Howard - Monterey, Late Miocene Lompoc, USA,
- uria affinis, 1872, Marsh - ʻO Pleistocene i hope i ka USA,
- uria paleohesperis, 1982, Howard - Late Miocene, USA,
- uria onoi Watanabe, 2016; Matsuoka a me Hasegawa - Mid-Late Pleistocene, Iapana.
Ulo oluolu uei o U. brodkorbi no ka mea aia wale no i na hui o ka poe anker i loaa i ka pahee a me ka subtropiko o ka moana Pakipika, me ka lewae loa i na auwapa o koae a U. Hōʻike kēia e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻo Uria, kahi ukana pili manu no nā anthrax ʻē aʻe, a ua manaʻo ʻia ua ulu nui lākou i ka Atlantika e like me lākou, e ulu a ulu i loko o ka Caribbean a i pili paha i ka Isthmus o Panama. Ma ke kahawai o ka Pākīpika i kēia manawa, e lilo ia ma kahi o ka hoʻonui ʻana o Arctic ma hope, aʻo ka hapa nui o nā laina ʻē aʻe e hohola me ka hoʻomau o ka neʻe ʻana i ka Pakipika mai Arctic a i ka wai subtropical.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: manu guillemot
He mau kai a nā manu Guillemots me nā hulu ʻeleʻele e uhi ana i ko lākou poʻo, ke kua a me nā ʻēheu. Hoʻopili ka hulu keʻokeʻo i ko lākou umauma a me lalo o ke kino a me nā ʻēheu. Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻelua nā mauʻu he 39 a 49 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona ma kahi ma waena o 1-1,5 kg. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka eider wingless (P. impennis), lilo kēia mau manu i poʻe nui loa no nā purebreds. ʻO kā lākou mau eheu he 61 - 73 cm.
Wikiō: Kaira
I ka hoʻoilo, ua hina hina ka ʻāʻī a me ke alo. ʻO kā lākou huluhulu kihi kahi kūpaʻa-ʻeleʻele me kahi laina keʻokeʻo e holo ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka iwi o luna. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā guillemots lōʻihi (U. lomvia) mai nā guillemots aniani-ʻoki (U. aalge) e ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona ikaika, e loaʻa ana ke poʻo nui a me ka ʻāʻī a me kahi puʻupuʻu ikaika. Loaʻa kekahi iā lākou i ka plumage ʻeleʻele a nele i ka hapa nui o ka palani brown i ko lākou ʻaoʻao.
Ka mea hoihoi: Aia nā ʻāne e hoʻohālikelike i waena o lākou iho, ʻoi aku paha i pinepine pinepine ʻia ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ma mua.
Hoʻomeke nā Guillemots i nā manu me nā wāwae webbed, nā wāwae pōkole a me nā ʻēheu. Ke neʻe nei nei ko lākou mau wāwae i hope loa, ua loaʻa kahi ʻano pose ʻokoʻa, pili loa i ka pose ʻo penguin. ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine wahine o ka murre ka mea like. ʻO nā moʻo moa pīpī e like like me nā pākeke ma nā hua o ka plumage, akā he beakiki ʻoi a liʻiliʻi. He ʻoi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ko lākou. Ma ka ʻāpana o ka maka. He ikaika a kū pololei ka lele. Ma muli o nā eheu pōkole, ua wikiwiki loa kā lākou mau pana ʻana. Hana nā manu i nā leo kani nui e ʻike ʻia i nā kolana e pili ana i nā kolana, akā e noho mālie ana ma ke kai.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka guillemot?
Hoʻi kiʻi: Kaira ma Lūkia
Noho ʻo Kayra kahi i kū wai ai ka Arctic a me subarctic o ke Komohana ʻĀkau. He hālahalaha ākea kēia manu manu kaila. I ke kauwela, ua noho ʻo ia ma nā kahakai kaila o Alaska, Newfoundland, Labrador, Sakhalin, Greenland, Scandinavia, nā Kuril Islands ma Rūsia, ʻo Kodiak Island e holo pololei i kahakai ʻo Alaska. I ka hoʻoilo, kokoke nā guillemots i kahi wai hamama, maʻamau e waiho ana ma ke kaʻe o ka hau.
Noho nā Guillemots ma nā wai kahakai o kēlā mau ʻāina:
Hoʻomoe ka noho paʻa ʻana i ka hoʻoilo mai ka ʻaoʻao o ke kaohi i ka ʻaoʻao hema ma Nova Scotia a me ʻĀpana Pelekane ma waena, a ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma ke kahakai ʻo Greenland, ʻĀulopa ʻĀpana, ʻAmelika waena, ʻo ka Pākīpika Komohana o ka United States a me ka hema i ka Moana Pakipika a i waena o Japan. Ma hope o kēlā ʻino, lele paha kekahi i kekahi e lele i ka hema. Loaʻa kēia ʻano i ka hoʻoilo ma loko o nā holoholona nui ma ka moana ākea, akā aia kekahi hewa i hūnā ma loko o ke kahe, estuaries, a i ʻole nā ʻano wai ʻē aʻe.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻimi lākou i kahi mamao mai ke kahakai a he mau mea maikaʻi loa, e hōʻea ana i kahi hohonu o 100 mau mika ma ka hahai ʻana i ka mea i ʻimi. Hiki i kekahi manu ke lele i ka wikiwiki o 75 mph, ʻoiai ʻoi e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka lele. Hoʻokumu nā ʻehā i nā ʻili nunui ma nā kahawai pōhaku, kahi e waiho pono ai nā wahine i kā lākou hua ma ka ʻaoʻao ākea ma kahi pali. ʻAʻole ka mea maʻamau, hana kēia i nā ana a me nā crevices. E makemake ana nā manu e noho i nā mokupuni, ʻaʻole i nā mokupuni.
Ano oe ike oe kahi i noho ai ka manu murre. E ʻike i nā mea āna e ʻai ai.
He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ke guillemot?
Kuhi: guillemot seabird
Hoʻolahalaha ka ʻano ʻōpiopio o ka murre ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea hopu a me ka noho ʻana. Hoʻouka pinepine lākou i ka kolone me kahi mea o ka mea pio, me kaʻole o nā hihia hopu i ka invertebrates. E like me nā mea e lawaiʻa i ke ao holoʻokoʻa, hopu ʻia nā hoʻolālā guillemots e pili ana i ka hiki ke loaʻa ka ikehu mai ka mea pio, a me ka pono o ka ikehu i koi ʻia e hopu ai i ka mea pio.
He mau manu manu manu nā guillemots a e hoʻopau i nā kai o ke kai, me ka:
- poloka
- nā bipi
- hoʻōla
- capelin
- gerbil
- piu
- saika
- annelids
- loloa
- zooplankton nui.
Hana ʻia ʻo Kayra ma lalo o ka wai ma kahi o 100 mau mika, ma nā wai me ka emi mai o 8 ° C. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o nā guillemots aniani-mau ka poʻe akamai i ka hopu ʻia; ua pio lākou i ka hopu ʻana ma ka holo ikaika. Ma kaʻina ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻelele i hoʻopili ʻia o ka genus i ke kiʻi a me ka nui o ka ʻimi ma lalo o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka wī a i nā pōhaku.
Eia kekahi, e pili ana i kona wahi, hiki nō hoʻi i ka U. Lomvia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa kūpono e pili ana i ka wahi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kai o ka hau, ua hānai lākou i ka pou wai a me ka haʻahaʻa lalo o ka hau wikiwiki. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ma nā kihi o ka ʻaoʻao o ka hau, ua mālama ʻo U. lomvia ma lalo o ka wai o ka hau, ma ka ʻōpū a i loko o ka wai wai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO nā hua guillemots i hana i nā pua nui i loko o nā kolone ma nā papa o nā pali, kahi e hana ai ka hoʻoulu ʻia. Ma muli o kā lākou clumsy lawe-off, ʻike ʻia nā manu e ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku i ka ʻoi ʻana ma mua o nā pailaka. Hele nā pōkole makua a me nā ʻēheu i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi i loko o ka huakaʻi hele mai loko mai o nā kolana i kahi e ulu a me ka hoʻoilo. E ʻoki ana ka waʻa ma kahi o 1000 mau mile, e hui pū ʻia e nā mākua kāne i ka papa mua o ka huakaʻi i ke kau hoʻoilo. I ka manawa hana o ka wā hānai nā pākeke i ka wā hoʻoilo i ka wā hoʻoilo a kūleʻa lākou i ko lākou hiki ke lele a ʻike hou nā hulu hou.
ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka Guillemons e hana pinepine i ka wā. Me ke kōkua o nā mea ʻikepili manu, ua ʻike nā kānakaʻepekema kahi e hele ai lākou mai 10 a 168 km i hoʻokahi ala e hānai ai i nā wahi.
Ke kuleana nui nei kēia mau moana i ka mea i loko o ke kaina o ke kai kūlike e pili ana i kā lākou papa pelagic. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ia e pili ana nā guillemots me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kani. I nā moa, ʻo ia ka hapanui o kēia mau leo e hea ʻia e ke kāhea, ʻoi aku kahi kāhea i waho. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi noi noi lākou i haʻalele ai i ka kolone, a me ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā moa a me nā mākua.
ʻO nā pākeke, ma ka hoʻohālikelike, ke hoʻopuka nei i nā memo haʻahaʻa a maikaʻiʻole. He kaumaha kēia mau kani, e hoʻomanaʻo no ka ʻakaʻaka ha ha "a i ʻole hoʻi e kani nui ana. Me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika, kū nā guillems i kahi leo palupalu a me ke kani palupalu. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana i ka mea i noho hoʻokahi, i ka laulā nui, he nui nā hewa a me ka manu hakakā nā guillemots. Noho wale lākou me nā kānaka nui o Arctic, no ka laʻana, me nā cormorants nui. E kōkua ana kēia i nā mākaʻi i ka wā e kū mai i nā mea hōʻino.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Hoʻomaka ka poʻe guillemots e hānai i nā makahiki ʻelima a ʻeono makahiki a me ka pūnana i nā koloni nui nui o nā pihi ākea ma nā pihi liʻiliʻi o nā pali. I loko o kā lākou koloni, e kū ana nā manu ma ka ʻaoʻao, i kahi ʻūhā nui i ka hoʻokalakupua no ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho a me kā lākou poʻe moa mai nā mea hoʻoiho i ka lewa. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hōʻea lākou i nā pūnaewele nāhele i ka pūnāwai, mai ʻApelila a Mei, akā ʻo ka wā i uhi mau ʻia nā uhi i ka hau, ua hoʻomaka ka hua manu ma ka hopena o Mei a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune, e pili ana i ka mahana o ke kai.
Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā hua ma kahi o ka manawa like ia e lūlū i ka wā ʻo ka wā ʻōpio a ʻo ka manawa a ka wā'ōpiopio e lele ana mai nā pūnana ukaʻi i loko o ke kai e holo ai i ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo nā guillemots wahine i hoʻokahi hua me ka māno mānoanoa a pohihihi, mai kahi mākeke a hiki i kahi pua pinkish, me kahi kāʻei kiʻi.
Mea kiʻi hoihoi: ʻO nā guillemots kekahi ʻano lei-lei, no laila ʻaʻole ia e lele i ka wā e koi ai i kahi laina kūpono, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻi ʻole ʻia mai kekahi papa kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAʻole kūkulu nā wahine i nā ʻuʻuku, akā waiho i nā ʻōpala a puni ia me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe, e paʻa ana i ka hua ma nā wahi me nā feces. Kālua ʻia ke kāne a me ka wahine e ke kākā ʻana i ka hua no ka manawa he 33. Huli aku ke keiki i ka pipi ma hope o 30-35 mau lā, a mālama nā mākua i ke keiki a hiki i ka lele ʻana i nā pali i nā makahiki he 21.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mākua ʻelua i ka hua a me ka neʻe ʻana mai 12 a 24 mau hola. Māla nui ka ʻōpio i nā iʻa i lawe ʻia e nā mākua ma ka wahi hānau i loko o nā lā 15-30. Kuhi pinepine nā chicks i ka makahiki he 21 mau lā. Ma hope o kēia manawa, hele ka wahine i ke kai. Mālama aku ka makua kāne i ka moa no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana i ke kai me ka moa i ka pō i ka lā mālū.Ke hoʻolōʻihi nei nā malona i nā 4 a 8 mau pule me kā lākou poʻe keiki ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana i ke kūʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā guillemots
Kuhi: manu guillemot
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā Guillemots i nā mea wānela uila. Ua kapa ʻia ka mea ʻala hina i ka hua manu a me nā moa i waiho ʻole ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ke kōkua ʻana i ka pua o ka guillemots, i hui pū ai nā manu ma ka ʻaoʻao, e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā pākeke a me kā lākou mau lālā mai ka lele ʻana i nā aeto, nā gull, a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka poʻe, me nā pūʻulu ma Kanada a me Alaska, huli lākou a ʻai i ka hua muti no ka meaʻai.
ʻO nā mea wīwī kaulana kaulana i hui pū ʻia:
- burgomaster (L. hyperboreus),
- haawe (Accipitridae),
- nā puaʻa maʻamau (Corvus corax),
- Kaumaka piula (Vulpes lagopus),
- nā kānaka (homo sapiens).
ʻOiai ʻo ka Arctic, ʻimi pinepine nā kānaka i nā guillemots ma ke ʻano he kumu ʻai. Kūʻai nā kānaka o Kanada a me Alaska i nā manu e kokoke ana i kā lākou mau kolamu pua a i ka wā e hele aku ai mai ke kahakai ʻo Greenland e like me ka ʻimi lawaiʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi mau hui, e like me Alaskans, e hōʻiliʻili i ka hua no ka meaʻai. I nā makahiki 1990, ʻokoʻa ka hale maʻamau ma St. Lawrence Island (aia ma ke komohana o Mainland Alaska ma ke Kai ʻO Bering) e ʻai ma waena o 60 a me 104 mau huaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ke ola o nā guillemots i ka hihiu hiki i 25 makahiki. Ma Kaharaia ma Kanada ʻākau, ua manaʻo ʻia ka helu ola makahiki ma ka makahiki he 91%, a ma ka makahiki o ʻekolu makahiki - 52%. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Guillemots i nā hoʻoweliweli a ke kanaka, e like me nā aila a me nā pūnaewele.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: manu guillemot
ʻO ka lilo ʻana o kekahi o nā kahakai nui loa ma ka ʻākau ʻākau, ka nui o ka honua o nā guillemots, e like me ka poʻe loea, ua loaʻa ma mua o 22,000,000 mau kānaka i kahi ākea. No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻokokoke kēia ʻano i nā paepae no kahi ulu ʻino. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomau ka hoʻoweliweli, ʻo ia hoʻi mai nā kīnā hinu a me nā gillnets, a me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o nā mea kanu kūlohelohe e like me nā gull.
Kuhi ʻia ka heluna o ʻEulopa ma 2,350,000–3,060,000 kanaka makua. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ke mahuahua nei ka nui o nā poʻe. ʻOiai ke hoʻonui nui nei ka nui o nā mea i loko o ʻEulopa mai 2000, ua ʻike ʻia kahi lūlū hou e noho nei ma Iceland (kahi kokoke i kahi hapaha o ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka poʻe o ʻEulopa). I ka hopena o ka emi ʻana o ka hōʻike i Islandia, ʻo ka nui o ka hopena a me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna o ʻEulopa ma waena o 2005 a me 2050 (ʻekolu mau hanauna) e like ana mai 25% a ʻoi aku ʻo 50%.
Aia kēia ʻano i ka hoʻokūkū pololei me ka lawaiʻa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a me ka hoʻoluhi nui ʻana i kekahi o nā kāleka a he hopena kūpono loa i ka guillemot. ʻO ka hiolo o ke kumu capelin i ke kai Barents i hōʻemi ai ka nui o ka lehulehu ma ka mokupuni ʻo Medvezhy ma o 85% me kahi hōʻailona ʻole o ka hoʻōla. ʻO ka make ʻana mai ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ka lawaiʻa ʻole o ka ʻapoʻihue he waiwai nui hoʻi.
Mea ʻoi aku ka manaʻo: He manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻaila mai nā moku i hoʻohemo ai i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II i hōʻemi ai i nā kolana i ka moana Irani i ke waena o ka kenekulia 20, kahi i loaʻa ʻole i nā koloni i hoʻopili ʻia.
Ke holo nei ma ka mokulele ʻo Faroe, ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻo Greenland a me Newfoundland a hiki i nā pae ʻole paʻa ʻole. ʻAʻole i hana loiloi ʻia nā pae hopu kūpono no kēia ʻano. Nā Guillemot aia nō hoʻi ia i ka loli ʻana o ka wai kai loko, me kahi loli ʻana o ka wai o 1 ° C e pili pū me ka hoʻolelima makahiki o ka nui o 10%.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Kahi kikowaena cillemot pōkole - kahi noho o nā ʻāina Arctic. ʻO nā ʻūhū e paʻa ai i nā pōhaku o nā kaona polar a me nā mokupuni o ka Pākīpika, ʻAkikika a me ʻAmelika kahakai. I ka wā e hāʻule ai ua neʻe nei no ka hoʻoilo i ka lulu o ka hau hoʻomau. Ka hoʻomakehō i ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka hema o ka guillemant e hoʻolōʻihi i ka pua i kahi e hānau ai kona alo, a hiki i nā lihi o ka ʻāina. I ka wā lele a me ka hoʻoilo ke ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi o nā guillemots e neʻe nei i loko o nā wai ākea o ke kai ʻākau a me nā kai.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o nā guillemots
ʻEnā ʻelima mau subspecies o ka ʻihi murre-ipe ʻokoʻa, he ʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau wahi huna.
- Uria aalge aalge, lawe ʻia ma ka ʻĀkau ʻAmelika Hema, ma Greenland, ʻĀkana, ʻEkekisika, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Norewai a me ke Kai Baltic.
- ʻO Uria aalge albionis, noho i Nui Pelekane, ʻInelani, Brittany, Pokukala ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Spain.
- ʻO Uria aalge Kaliforniaica, he kamaʻāina o ke kapakai komohana o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika mai Wakinekona a hiki i Kaleponi.
- ʻIke ʻia ʻo Uria aalge hyperborea, ʻike ʻia ma ka mokupuni o Svalbard, ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Norewai a me Rūkia a hiki i Novaya Zemlya.
- Uria aalge inornata, kahi e pili ana i ka wahi i pili iā Korea ʻĀina, ka Lūkini Lekaʻāina, nā Aleutian Islands, Alaska a me British Columbia.
Pahu a keiki
Hoʻomaka ka poʻe Guillemots e hānai i mua o ʻelima mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻoulu i ka Mei. ʻO kēia ka manawa i kau ai nā wahine i ka hua hoʻokahi i nā ʻāpana o nā pōhaku.
He poʻe koho lākou i ka koho ʻana i kahi wahi, no ka mea, pono e hahai kekahi mau lula e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻopakele i ka hua manu a ola i ke keiki ma lalo o nā ʻano ʻino. ʻAʻole pono ka nūnū ma waho o nā palena o ka mākeke manu, aia ma lalo o 5 m ma luna aʻe o ke kai a me ka.
ʻO kahi pono hou e kōkua i ke mālama ʻana i ka pipi ʻo ia ka neʻe o ka gravity a me ka hua manu-ʻano. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole ia e kalalaha i ka mauna, akā e hoʻi ana, e wehewehe ana i ka pōʻai. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomaka ka screening i kēia manawa: ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi kīpī me nā hoalauna, ʻo kekahi mau mākua iho e iho i kahi hua hoʻokahi.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka waiho ʻia o ke kala o kēlā me kēia, ka mea e ʻae ai i nā guillemots ʻole e hana hewa a loaʻa iā lākou iho i ka lehulehu ma kā lākou e kau nei i nā mahina o ke kauwela. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka hina, hina a ʻulaʻula paha, ʻoiai ke keʻokeʻo paha lākou, me nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hōʻailona o ka lilac a me ka ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation i nā lā 28-36, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana o nā mākua ʻelua i kekahi 3 hebedoma o ka moa. A laila hele mai kahi manawa paʻakikī i ka mau pū ke lawe i nā kiʻina nui o ka nui a me ka pēpē e iho ai i lalo. ʻO ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka hulu o nā moa moa, a pau kekahi mau hiʻi i ka make.
Akā naʻe, ola ka hapanui o nā pēpē, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka momona a me ka maniki i hoʻohui ʻia, a hui pū me ko lākou makuakāne e hele i kahi o ka hoʻoilo (pili ka wahine me lākou ma hope). ʻO 30 ka makahiki o ko ka ola ola ʻana no Kyra. Akā aia ma kahiʻike he 43 i nā makahiki 43 i hiki mai ma waena o nā ʻepekema.
ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ka manu
- Hoʻopili maikaʻi loa nā guillemots i ke ola i ke kai. No kā lākou mea ʻai - nā iʻa a me ka invertebrates aquatic - kā lākou i lalo ma lalo o ka wai no kekahi mau minuke a hiki i ka hohonu hohonu o 180 m. Noho pinepine nā Guillemots me nā manu ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, shag, deadlocks, carwash. Hoʻopili ʻia nā manu like manu a nui nā leo manu e noho ai nā manu e noho kokoke i kēlā me kēia.
- Ke waiho nei nā manu ʻōpio i ka nalo i ka wā ʻaʻole lākou e aʻo ai e lele, akā ua ʻike ka lehulehu i ka nui o nā manu makua, no laila ua make nā moa no ka hāʻule kūpono ʻole, hāʻule i loko o nā ulia o ka puhopa, a ulia paha.
- I Iceland, ʻo ka nui o nā guillemots aniani e keu ai ka nui o ka poʻe o ka'āina. Akā ua make ka hapanui o nā manu i kahi wā ʻōpio loa, i ka wā e aʻo ai lākou e lele. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā guillemots ke hōʻemi e hōʻeuʻeu e nā poʻe hoʻolaha, e like me nā alaka.
- I ka hoʻoilo, ke huakai ʻo nā guillemots anilani no ka iʻa, ʻike pinepine lākou i loko o ka ʻapo i ka ʻupena a i ka malulu no kēia. I ka makahiki 2002, e pili ana i ka 30% o nā huaila guilemil poʻino i make ma ke kai Baltic no kēia kumu.
- Aia ma Scotland, aia kekahi mau nohona holoholona hihiu kūikawā kahi i waiho ʻia ai nā guillemots anipiki i loko o ka papa inoa o nā ʻano mālama. Aia lākou ma ka moku ʻo Noss, ʻo Cape Samboro Head a me Fula Island.
Hōʻike ʻia o ka manu guillemot
I kēia lā, ʻo ke guillemot ka mea nui i koho ʻia o ka ʻohana purebred. Ke kūlohelohe nei, ʻelua ʻelua manu o kēia ʻano ʻano - he ʻāpana a pāwī, a me ka murre ākea. I ka ʻōlelo o ka kala, ʻo ka guillemot kekahi mea hoʻomanaʻo i ka penguin, he ʻāpana like me ia a me ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele ka ʻāʻī, akā i ka hoʻoilo, ua keʻokeʻo ka lole i loko o ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka nui o ka manu e pili ana iā 40-45 cm, ʻo ke kaupaona ka mea ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kilogram, a ʻo nā ʻēheu paha e pili ana i 70 cm.Aka ʻaʻole o kēlā manawa, e waiho mau ana ka beak i ka uliuli me kahi kaula keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka waihona. ʻO ka beak o nā murre ka mea ikaika loa, mānoanoa, 'oaka a kūlou i lalo. Kūpili loa ka nui o ke ʻano o ka murre pohō ma luna a i lalo iho i lalo. Hoʻohū ʻia a ʻoi ʻia ka hiʻu e like me ka penguin maoli.
Pākuʻi ʻia ke kīwili a me ke kīwī a me ke aniani paha ka nānā ʻana, ʻo ka hōʻailona nui ka nui o ka mānoanoa a me ka mānoanoa o ka beak. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka murre aniani ka manawaleʻa ua loaʻa ke ʻāʻī o kahi manawa pōkole, ʻaʻohe ona hina maka o nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ʻeleʻele kona ʻili. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā wale nō o nā manawaleʻa i hoʻopili ʻia o nā ʻano ua loaʻa nā ʻano keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma nā kihi o ka waha. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ka wahine mai ka guillemot kāne, loaʻa wale nō ka nui. Pākuʻi ʻia nā guillemots ākea ākea maʻamau. ʻOiai he like ʻole nā kolo like ʻole o nā ʻano like like kekahi, ua like ʻole ke guillemots a me ke kaua ʻole ʻia, e koho ʻia ke koho ʻana i kahi hoa mai waena o nā luna o kā lākou mau subspecies.
Noho ʻākau
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, pono nā kai e pili ana i ka moana ʻākau a me nā wai nui, aia kahi nui nā iʻa. Manaʻe nui ka manu ʻoiai i nā wela haʻahaʻa loa. Akā, no ke ola maʻamau, pono ka guillemot i ka meaʻai a me ka wai ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻomohala i ka hoʻoilo ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, kahi kokoke i ka hema hema e neʻe ana ka guillemot i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka wahi noho o ka murre e puka mai ana mai ke kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema a hiki i ke kahakai o ka Moana Pakipika a me ke kahakai o ka moana Artctic. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, e noho ana ka manu i Pokukala, ʻAmelika Pelekane, Penia Korea, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Iapana a me Kaleponi. Pāpaʻi ʻia nā guillemots pākiki i nā wai arctic ʻoi aku ka nui.
Kūleʻa ka Guillemot
Noho nā Guillemots i nā kolana nui, ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā poʻe - e hiki iā lākou ke ʻae i nā mea ʻepekema kokoke loa. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola he iwakālua mau makahiki he 30, ʻoiai ke kākau nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi hihia o ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā guillemots - aneane 43 mau makahiki. I loko o nā kahui nui, ua hui pū ʻia ka guillemother paʻa-piha i nā ʻelele i manawaleʻa ʻia o nā ʻano, nā manuʻa, nā T-shirt a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka papa nui o ka guillemot ka iʻa o kekahi ʻano a me nā ʻāpana. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā i lilo ai ka liʻiliʻi, ua leʻaleʻa nā guillemotters i ka iʻa, mollusks, ʻālaʻi a me nā invertebrates a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka iʻa, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻai koke ʻia ma hope o ka hopu - pololei ma lalo o ka wai. Ma ka ʻāina, lawe ʻia ka waiwai pio ma waho, no ka hānai wale ʻana i nā moa.
ʻO ka hana hou i ka guillemot
Lele nā guillemots i pū e hana ai i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ka mua o Mei, e koho ana i nā kahakai pōhaku no ka hatching. I ka moʻo ʻana, ʻaʻohe manu ka manu - kani pololei ka hele ʻana o ka masonry i loko o ka papaʻaina o nā pōhaku. Hoʻokomo nā guillemots i nā hua manu i hoʻokahi. Mālama kēia ʻano i ka hua mai ka hāʻule, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mau wahi e hoʻopili ai. Hiki i kahi hua elongated a kuhikuhi i ʻō i loko o kāna koi, akā hikiʻole ke hāʻule i nā pōhaku. Hiki ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi ke kala o kēlā me kēia, a ʻokoʻa kēlā a me kēia kiko i kona ʻano o ka inclusions a me kahi hāmama o ka ʻū. Kahi ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano mahele a ʻikea nā mākua i waena o nā mamo i koe.
ʻO ka pūnaewele hoʻokena o ka guillemot e lilo mau loa iā ia. I ka hiki ʻana o nā makahiki he ʻelua, pili nā kāne i loko o ke kāne, koho ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine. I ka pilina, he monogamous nā guillemots - noho lākou i kaʻoiaʻiʻo i ko lākou hoa no ke ola. Ma ke ola holoʻokoʻa lākou e hānai nei ma kahi hoʻokahi, lele ma laila a lele hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi manawa o ka huki hua manu. Inā make ka moa a iʻa paha i kekahi manawa, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i kahi paʻa ʻē aʻe, a ʻekolu mau manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma kahi mahina ma hope o ke kuʻi a ka moa, hoʻoikaika nā mākua i nā keiki e iho i loko o ka wai, aʻo lākou iā lākou i ka iʻa a me ka pakele mai nā ʻenemi. Me ko lākou mau mākua, e hele ana nā guillemots i ko lākou hoʻoilo mua.
Hoike ʻike
He helehelena a ʻike ʻia nā Kayra, no laila e maʻalahi ka ʻike ma waena o nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻEleʻele a me ke kala keʻokeʻo. I ka hoʻoilo, ua keʻokeʻo ke ʻāina, a i ke kauwela ua hoʻomaka ia i ka eleele. ʻO ka ikaika o ka manu kahi ikaika, mānoʻo, koi a kūlou i lalo. He ʻeleʻele mau nō ia me ka palena ʻokoʻa ma ke kumu. ʻO ke kino ka laulā ma luna a i lalo a ʻo nā tapers i lalo, ua kāʻei ʻia ka ʻili a hoʻoki ʻia.
ʻO nā Guillemons he mau kiʻi ʻelua - ke kāwili ʻia ka mānoanoa a me ka aila ʻoi. I waho, he like like lākou, akā he mau ʻokoʻa ko lākou nui. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka murre piliʻili:
- ʻāʻī pōkole
- ʻAʻohe wahi hina hina ma nā ʻaoʻao,
- ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi ʻeleʻele o ke kala.
- ua ʻūpiki ka pīpī a lōʻihi loa.
Ua liʻiliʻi iki nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, akā inā nā mea like like, he like ʻole. Ua ʻike ʻo Ornithologists i kahi nānā hoihoi: ʻaʻole i lele ʻole nā ʻano. Ua ʻike pū ʻia nā poʻe loea i elima mau subspecies o nā guillemots. Loaʻa kēlā me kēia i kā lākou wahi. No ka laʻana, makemake nui ka bele guillemot Kaleponi e noho i ke kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā manu ma nā wahi Arctic, ma Sakhalin, ma North Korea, Great Britain a me nā ʻāina'ē aʻe. No ke ola, koho lākou i nā wahi paʻakikī. Makemake lākou i nā wahi ʻoka kahi e ʻike ʻia ai kekahi poʻe liʻiliʻi. I waena o ia mau ʻāina, noho maikaʻi nā manu.
ʻO ka wahi maʻamau o nā guillemots ʻaʻole wale nā wahi ʻo Arctic. Ke kūleʻa nei nā ʻūhū ma nā pali o nā kahawai polar a me nā mokupuni o ka Pākīpika, ʻAkikika a me ʻAmelika kahakai. I ka wā e hāʻule ai, lele nā manu i ka lihi o ka hau hoʻomau.
I ka wā maloʻo nui, hiki i nā guillemots ke lele hohonu i ka ʻāina. I ka wā e hele ai ʻoe, ʻike paha ʻoe i nā kahuhipa liʻiliʻi o nā manu i loko o ka wai hāmama.
I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka lehulehu o nā mea ʻano i ka luku a me nā huina keu ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona miliona. ʻO ka guillemot pākaʻi ʻia he ʻāpana o ka polima e hoʻopili ai, no laila ke pale ʻia ma kekahi mau ʻāina.
ʻO nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka guillemot
ʻAʻole hilahila nā manu o kēia ʻano, e ʻae iā ʻoe e nānā pono i kā lākou ʻano a hana i nā hopena maikaʻi.
- I ka wā o ka noho ʻana a i ka ʻāina, kū mālie nā guillemots - ua mākaukau lākou me ka ʻoihana. Akā i kekahi manawa ma waena, i waena o nā kolone nui o nā guillemots, ʻano nui loa lākou a me ka hakakā. Kūlike mau nā kue. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua ʻokoʻa nā kāne i waena o lākou iho no ka lilo ʻana i wahine maikaʻi aʻe. ʻAʻole mamao loa kahi ka wahine kūpono - koho lākou i nā mea i waho a kaua no ke wahi maikaʻi e kūkulu i kahi kūnana.
- He mau makua aloha nui nā guillemots mai nā lā mua o ko lākou ola ʻana i kā lākou iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka iʻa. Hōʻalo ka lā i kahi lā ma mua o ka hele ʻana o nā keiki i ka wai. No laila hoʻoikaika ka guillemots i nā moa e holo.
I kekahi manawa hiki ke hele pū nā poʻe guillemots a ʻole no kahakai; i ka wā hele, hele ka manu me ka pilikia ʻole i ka wai hau, e kahe ana i ka wai e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. - ʻAʻohe mea like ʻo Kaira ma lalo o ka wai, ʻauʻau koke, holo piha ʻia e nā ʻēheu, ka manu a me nā wāwae, a hiki koke iā ia ke loli o ka neʻe. ʻOiai ʻo ka iʻa liʻiliʻi loa ʻole e haʻalele ia i kahi predator.
- Hoʻohana maikaʻi ka kāne guillemot i kāna wahine - kōkua iā ia i nā hua hatch, e hoʻololi iā ia i ka wā "hele" ka mommy "e hānai, pale i kāna hoa kāne a me nā moa.
I ka wahi kūlohelohe, kūlike ʻole nā guillemots - ma muli o ke aniani maʻi. ʻO ka hapanui o ka nui o nā hua i hala i loko o ka wā i ʻike ai nā pākeke i nā pilina a me ka ʻūhū i nā hua hou i kau ʻia. Hiki pinepine i nā manu ke hāʻule i loko o ka ʻupena lawaiʻa a ʻū ʻia paha e ka hau hau. Hōʻalo pinepine, hāʻule nā hua ma muli o kaʻoiaʻiʻo nā koho a nā mākua i kahi kūpono ʻole no ka waiho ʻana. Akā ʻaʻole pili kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi a kaʻawale i ka ulu ʻana o ka lehulehu o ka murre-a me ka manawaleʻa a me ka ʻili. I waena o nā mea wīwī, pōʻino no nā moa, nui paha nā ʻano nui o nā gull, arctic fox, raven, polar owl.No ka makua, ʻaʻole weliweli kēia mau ʻenemi, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopuni i luna o ka hua.
I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe guillemot ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona miliona o nā manamana, e hana ai i ka manu i kekahi o nā pilina nui i ka laulā nui o ka polar pol. ʻO Kayra ka māka nui loa o ka Arctic. Mālama ka poʻe i nā āpau āpau i ka manu ma nā wahi o nā wahi i waiho ai i nā hibillates guillemot.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonui
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hoʻoulu e kū i ka hopena o Mei - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Iune. I kēia manawa, neʻe nā manu mai ke kaʻe o ka hau i nā pali a me nā pali. Hōʻalo lākou, hoʻomāneʻaneʻe nā kāne a kaua aku no nā wahine. ʻAʻole ʻano nā wahine wahine. Hana lākou i nā leo kūikawā a kaua aku no ka ʻāina. I ka wā moe, ua kue pū nā lālā o ka pā i kekahi i kekahi.
Hoʻokomo wale ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua. ʻAʻole kūkulu nā manu i nā ʻuʻu, no laila aia ka huaʻai ma waena o nā wāwae o ka wahine. Hoʻokomo nā mākua ʻelua i ka inkubation; mālama ikaika nā kāne i ka hua. Lawe ʻia ka manawa incubation i hoʻokahi mahina.
No ka hana ʻo ka hatching i nā pōhaku i kāʻili wale ʻia, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka kūloi no kahi ʻano hua kūikawā. He pēnēia ia a me ka neʻe o ka neʻe o ka gravity - hiki iā ia ke ʻoloka, akā no ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kuʻuna i ka wā o ka pana. Hiki i nā Guillemots ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka masonry, no ka mea, ʻo kēlā me kēia hua ka i a me konaʻano like.
ʻO ke kāne a wahine wahine e nānā ikaika ana i ka hua, hoʻohiki maʻalahi ia a hana i nā kani kūikawā - hiki kēia iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi pilina me ka moa. Ma hope o ka hatching, uhi ʻia nā pēpē me ka fluff paʻakikī; ma hope o nā hebedoma ʻekolu, ua hoʻololi ʻia ia e ka plumage.
Hoʻokomo ka mau mākua ma ka hānai ʻana. Ma ke lōʻihi o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o lākou e lawe i ka meaʻai, no laila ua kāhea lākou i ka moa e iho i lalo. Holo aku ke keiki i kona mau ʻēheu a hoʻolālā maʻalahi hoʻi. Noho ʻo ia ma ke kahawai wai a ma ke kahakai kahakai. Ma muli o kona kaukanaha liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka uhai.
ʻImi ke kāne i kahi ʻōpio nui. ʻO ia nō iā ia ka guillemot i ulu ai no ka hoʻoilo, ua hui ke wahine iā lākou ma hope. ʻO ka lele ʻana me nā holoholona ʻōpiopio e kau pū ai, hiki i nā manu ke ʻaʻa i nā mea hoʻonaninani hoʻonani - a hiki i 1000 km mai ka wahi huna. ʻO kēlā mālama pono i ka hua e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i kahi heluna nui.
Kōkua kōkua
Ma nā haʻawina a puni ka honua, hoʻopaʻa nā keiki i ka flora a me nā manu. ʻO ka hana a kēlā me kēia keiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi hōʻike no nā haumāna. Ke aʻo nei kēia ʻano hana i nā keiki i ka ʻaha ʻōlelo lehulehu. ʻAʻole hiki i ka haumāna ke hoʻohui wale i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka guillemot, akā ʻike pū kekahi ʻia i ka manaʻo. Helu papahele no kahi moʻolelo haʻawina:
- Noho ʻo Kayra me nā manu ʻē aʻe - nā hale hoʻokipa, nā puffins, a me nā koa. E hui pū lākou i ka mākeke manu. ʻAno nā manu, hiki ke lohe maikaʻi ʻia.
- Haʻalele ka poʻe ʻōpio i kā lākou mau ʻuhane a hiki i ko lākou aʻo ʻana e lele. Hiki ke paona o ko lākou kino kino i nā ʻāpanaʻelemakule, ma muli o kēia e hiki ke make i ka hāʻule ʻole a hōʻeha ʻia, e hāʻule ana i loko o ka poho o ka pōhaku.
- Hoʻopau ʻo Kayra i kahi hohonu o 180 m a maʻalahi me ka lūlū ʻia no kekahi mau minuke.
- ʻO ka nui o ka nui o nā guillemots aniani ma Iceland. Aia maʻa o ko lākou heluna ma mua o ka heluna kanaka.
- He liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā Guillemots, ke holo waʻa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopihapiha i nā ʻupena a make.
- Ma Scotland, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā waihona kūikawā e lilo i wahi mālama.
- ʻO 43 ka makahiki o ka moʻolelo o kēia mau ʻano.
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike me kahi hōʻike e loaʻa ai nā kiʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki i ke kumu ke hāʻawi i nā hana like ʻole: e hana kiʻi, hoʻohelena a hana paha i nā ʻāpana crosswords. No kēlā hana hoʻolālā, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā nīnau ma ke kumuhana "Seabirds." No ka laʻana, he manu ka mea, he pili ia i kahi oʻe a he mea e like me ka guillemot, ʻeono mau leka he chistik. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā crosswords, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻuluʻulu i ka hona o nā papa.
Hiki i ka haumāna ke hana i kahi wehewehe pōkole o ka manu guillemot ma hope o kahi noi kikoʻī o ka kumuhana. I ke kula kiʻekiʻe, pono ʻo ia e ʻike i ka mea i kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka Lūkia a me ka Latin.