Mālani Atlantika | |||||||
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Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | |||||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Nā iʻa Bony |
Lāpala: | Scombrinae |
Nānā: | Mālani Atlantika |
Scombrus Scomber Linnaeus, 1758
Mālani Atlantika (lat. Scomber scombrus) - iʻa o ka ʻohana mackerel o ke kauoha kaʻo. ʻO ka loa ka loa o ke kino he 60 cm, ka awelika he 30 cm. Ua ʻōleʻe ke kino, a uhi ʻia me nā unahi cycloid liʻiliʻi. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo-o ke kua ke kua, me nā ʻeleʻele he lehulehu, ʻalihi iki. Ke keʻokeʻo loa ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻohe kahi ʻaihue laʻa.
Aia ʻo Mackerel i ka ʻĀkau o ke Komohana ʻArika: ma ke kahakai hikina mai Islandia a me nā Canary Islands, a ʻo ia hoʻi ma Baltic (a ke Kaiwa ʻo Finland), nā North, Mediterranean, Marmara, Black Seas, ma ke kahakai komohana - mai Labrador a hiki aku i Cape Hatteras (North Carolina). ʻO Mackerel mau kipa i ka wā o ke neʻe ʻana aku i ke kauwela ua kaulana ʻia i ka Barhes and White Seas. ʻIke ʻia ma ka nui o nā ʻāpana ma ke Komohana ʻElewa mai ke Kī Pelekane a hiki i Skagerrak a ma ke kahakai hema o Ireland.
Biology
ʻO Mackerel kahi ʻohana pelagic o ka iʻa thermophilic. Hopu wikiwiki (i kahi kiola - a hiki i 77 km / h). ʻAʻole paʻa nā ʻōiwi i nā kīnā o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe (ʻaʻohe liʻiliʻi me ka ʻaihue) a paʻa i nā mea like o ka nui. Noho ʻo Mackerel i kahi mahana o 8 a 20 ° C, ʻo ia ke kumu e hana ʻia ai nā neʻe ʻana i nā manawa ma nā wahi o ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, a ma waena o ka Marmara a me ka ʻElele ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia mau ʻōuli i ke ʻano o ka hānai (ka meaʻai o ka mackerel ka iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka zooplankton).
ʻO nā wili ʻo Mackerel i ka hohonu o ka 150-250 m ma ke kahawai o ka papa kontinental. I ka hoʻoilo, heʻeha a ʻaʻole nui i ʻai nui. I ka wai kauwela e neʻe kokoke aku i nā kahakai no ka spawning. No laila hānai ʻia nā Black mackerel i loko o ke Kai o Marmara. Loaʻa kāna ulu ulu ʻana i ka wā mua i ka wā ma hope, ma hope o ka hele ʻana aʻe o nā kānaka i mākaʻi ma ke Bosphorus a ke Kaiʻula. ʻO ka papa nui o ka mackerel e hoʻomaka ana mai ka lā ʻApelila a Iune, ma ka maʻamau ma ke kahakai Bulgaria a me Roma. Noho ka ʻai ma nā papa o luna o ka wai, maʻa kokoke i ka wai, ka hana ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano, a ʻike maopopo ʻia e nā ʻōpū a me nāʻeleʻele o ka wai, a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā mea ʻai ʻai i ka iʻa - dolphins, tuna, gulls. Ke neʻe nei ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka mackerel o ke Kai ʻeleʻele i ke Kai o Marmara i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka mahana wai ma + 10 ° C a hoʻopau i Dekemaba - Pepeluali, he wahi liʻiliʻi ia e waiho nei no ka hoʻoilo ma waho o ke kapakai o Turkey a me ka Caucasus.
Ua lilo ʻo Mackerel i kahi palupalu ma ke ʻano he 2-4 mau makahiki o kona mau makahiki; Hiki i nā makahiki 17-18 ke ola.
Nā iʻa Mackerel
I ka pane i ka nīnau kahi i loaʻa ai ka mackerel, e aʻo ʻia ʻoe mai kēia ʻatikala. ʻO ia nō ka maʻa o ke kamaʻilio, he ʻāpana o ka ʻohana mackerel. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ʻaʻole i pili pono ʻia kāna kaʻe me ka lalo, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia he iʻa pelagic.
He iʻa ʻano nui kēia. ʻO kona lōʻihi hiki i ka 64 kenimita. ʻO ka mahele maʻamau e pili ana i 30 sentimita. ʻO ke kino ma ke ʻano like me kahi kuʻi, i uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui e pono ka ʻaʻa manu e, no nā ʻano he nui o ka iʻa, hiki ke hele a ʻae ʻole paha i ka mackerel.
Pili o perch
ʻOiai ʻo ka mackerel e manaʻo ʻia he iʻa hanohano loa, ʻo kāna pili kokoke loa. A ʻo kona inoa ʻē aʻe he mackerel. Hiki i ka nui o ka mackerel ke hele aku i ʻelua kilograms. Akā hiki i nā spimens liʻiliʻi loa ke liʻiliʻi, e kau ana i ka 300-350 gram.
ʻO ka iʻa a kahi i hoʻolaʻa ai i kēia ʻatikala, he ʻāpana kālā kālā, he ʻalaʻala, a uliuli hoʻi kona kua, a hele ka hilo ma nā kino a pau. ʻO nā Mackerel i loaʻa nā uku hou, kahi o ka pectoral maʻamau a me nā dorsal.
E like me ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana mackerel, hiki iā ia ke noʻonoʻo i ka pūne iwi i kahi e kokoke ana i nā maka. Ua loaʻa pū kekahi hāmeʻa i koʻo ia.
Nā ʻlelo Mackerel
Wahi ʻehā nā loea i ʻehā mau ʻano nui o kēia iʻa. ʻO ʻApelika ka nui loa o lākou. Ua hiki i ka nui nui loa i waena o kona mau hoahānau āpau.
Akā ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi e manaʻo ʻia ʻo Iapana, a i ole ka mackerel a uliuli. Aia kekahi mau pūʻulu like ʻole o kēia iʻa - Australia a me Atlantic.
Hoʻaiho
No laila, ma hea kahi ka mackerel. ʻO ka hapanui ʻoi aku kāna makemake e noho i loko o nā kaona, ʻoi aku paha i liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua. Hoʻokahi wale nō ma ka moana hoʻokahi i ka Honua - ka Arctic.
Ma kahi e kau ai ka mackerel, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hana nui e hōʻiliʻili ai. Mai nā loko, nā ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa i nā ʻano moana e pili pono ana. No laila, kahi i loaʻa ai ka iʻa mackerel, ʻike nā mea a pau e makemake i kāna kālepa kālepa. ʻO ka ʻaʻano hoʻohālikelike, nā nui ma nā wai o ke Kai Paʻa. A lana ʻo ia ma nāʻaoʻao āpau. ʻO kēia nā Marmer, Baltic, ʻeleʻele a me nā mea he nui. ʻĀnō maopopo iā ʻoe kahi i loaʻa ai ka mackerel.
Loaʻa ia ma nā wahi a puni ka honua a kau wale aku ma nā kahakai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. He aha nā mea i noho ai ka mackerel i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i ke kauwela. ʻO nā ʻano o kēia iʻa i komo i ka Moana Kai a me Barena. ʻO ka hapa nui e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai ʻo Irish, ma ka hema-komohana o ka ʻāina.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻano ʻano maʻamau kēia. No laila, e pane i ka nīnau ma kahi e noho ai ka mackerel i Lūkia, ua lawa ia e papa inoa i ka hapa nui o nā kai e waiho ai i nā wai panalana Rusia. Ma ke ala, ʻo Atlantika a Far Farle paha ka hāʻule pinepine o nā pahu hale kūʻai.
Mai kēia ʻatikala, ʻike ʻoe ma kahi i loaʻa ai ka mackerel i Lūkia.
Ke noho maʻamau
Ma kahi e noho ai ka mackerel, maikaʻi mau ka hopu ʻia no ka mea makemake ʻo ia e ʻauʻau ʻole ma lalo o ka lalo, akā kokoke i ka maka o ka wai. ʻO kēia mau lawaleʻa nani nani i hoʻoponopono ʻia i ke ola ma nā loko paʻakai.
ʻO kahi helu he nui o nā paleke no ke kōkua iā lākou ʻaʻole e komo i ka puahiohio me ka neʻe wikiwiki. Mālama nā kaʻai i nā jambs, hui pinepine ʻia me Peru sardines. He nui nā ʻenemi a Mackerel i ka wai a me ka lewa. ʻO kēia poʻe pelicans, a me nā mea nui, a me nā nāu, a me nā liona kai, a me nā ʻāpana nui.
Manaʻo maikaʻi ʻo Mackerel i kahi mahana i nā mahana o 8 i 20 mau kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻo ia ke lele. I nā makahiki a pau e noho ʻo ia ma nā wai ʻoluʻolu o ke Kai Hikina.
Ma ka manawa like, a ma ka wai kai Turhu ʻaʻole lākou i māʻona, no laila, i ka manawa i hāʻule ai ka pā, ua ʻauleʻa ka mackerel i ko lākou mau wahi. Mai ka Kai ʻeleʻele, neʻe kokoke ka iʻa i ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa. Aia nā ʻoniʻoni pinepine e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi ola hoʻoluʻolu. I ka wā holo ʻole, ʻaʻole ikaika ka mackerel, hoʻopau lākou i ka ikaika a me nā ikaika no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
I ka wai, hiki ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki - a hiki i 30 km / h.
Pehea e ʻai ai ka mackerel?
ʻO Mackerel - nā mea wānana maʻamau. ʻAi lākou i ka plankton a me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka mea i kānana ʻia mai ka wai. Hiki i nā iʻa pākeke ke ʻai i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi ai i ʻole iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Ke kuhi nei i kāna mea pio, ke hoʻokuʻu nei ka mackerel, i kahi mau kekona kekona ke ulu nei i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 80 km / h. I ka wā o ka hopuʻana, hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka mackerel i nā hipa. Hoʻokomo pinepine i ka hamsa, sandstones, sprats.
E hana ana i loko o kahi pā, hoʻihoʻi ka mackerel i kāna pānaʻi e piʻi i luna. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻokuʻu i nā hoa kū i ke kihi. A i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana i kahi pāʻina. ʻO nā mea e hoʻopuni ana a puni, no ka laʻana, nā dolphins a me nā ʻĀlio paha, hui pū me ia. Kohu maopopo ʻia kēlā ʻano iʻa mai luna mai.
ʻOiai he ʻupena liʻiliʻi loa, he nani loa ka mackerel. ʻO ka makemake ʻino loa loa no ka mackerel o Australia. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea a pau ma ka lālani, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi no ka paʻapaʻa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia e nā anglers Australia. Hiki ke hopu ʻia he makaki kūloko i ke kaula me ka ʻole he mau.
Kahu Laulei
Hoʻomaka ʻo Mackerel spawning i ka lua o ke ola o ke ola. Ma hope o ia mea e lawe mai ai i nā hua o kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka pā elemakule i kēia iʻa e hana ma ka hopena o nā makahiki he ʻumi.
Kūpono nā ʻōpiopio i ka waena waena o ka pūnāwai, ʻoiai ʻo ka iʻa ʻōpio i hana hou i ka hopena o Iune. ʻO kā lākou hānai he ikaika loa loa, no ka mea nui nā iʻa. I ka manawa hoʻokahi, hiki iā ia ke haʻalele ma kahi o ʻelima haneli mau huaʻai ma ka hohonu o kahi o ʻelua haneli mau mika. ʻAʻole aneane ʻike ka mamao o kēlā me kēia hua i ka maka o ke kanaka - he hoʻokahi wale nō milimita. I loko o kēlā me kēia mea he kuʻikuʻu momona, me ke kōkua o kā e ʻai ai i ka palaoa a puni ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
Ehia mau ʻōhumu e kūkulu pololei ʻia i ke ʻano ʻoluʻolu o nā kūlana a puni. I ka awelika, ʻo kēia manawa mai 10 mau lā a i ʻekolu pule. ʻO ka huaʻīleʻa mackerel lākou iho loa, akā, i ka manawa like loa. ʻO ka makewai ka ʻai ʻana i nā manawa i loko o lākou e ala ai ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hele a ʻai a me ka ʻai kekahi.
Ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka moa i hānau ʻia. He mau keneta wale nō ka lōʻihi. Akā i ka wā lulu e ulu wikiwiki lākou. ʻO ka nui o lākou e hoʻonui ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻekolu. Ma hope o kēia, lohi ka nui o ka ulu nui ʻana o ka mackerel opio.
ʻO nā mea huna e hopu ai i ka mackerel
Mahalo nui ʻia ʻo Mackerel i nā manawa āpau, no laila, i ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ka mōʻaukala kanaka, ua lilo mau ʻia ka lawaiʻa ikaika. I kēia mau lā, ma kahi o 65 tausani ʻona o kēia iʻa i hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki wale nō ma ke kahakai komohana.
ʻO kahi o ka mackerel kahi ākea kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke hopu iā i nā ʻano kihi āpau. E hana ana nā ʻoihana lawaiʻa ma ʻEulopa ma kahakai o ka Canary Islands, a me ka Baltic, Black a me ke Kai o Marmara.
I nā mahina o ke kauwela, hoʻoikaika nā lawaiʻa ma ka ʻākau o Iceland, a ma ke kahakai Murmansk o Rūsia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā kula nui o ka makckelel i ka ʻāina o Novaya Zemlya, i loko o nā wai o ke Kaiʻula, a i kekahi nui o nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Ke lawaiʻa i kēia iʻa, kila a mea ʻeke paha ka maʻamau maʻamau. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā māka, nā ʻewala, nā ʻupena gill, nā ʻano hao pau ʻole no ka lawaiʻa.
Hopu pinepine nā lawaiʻa i nā mackerel. No nā poʻe miniona loea, ʻaʻole nui kēia hana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hopu i ka mackerel mai kahi moku a i ʻole yacht. He ʻano iʻa ʻo Mackerel, no laila he mea maʻalahi loa ka luring. No kēia, kūpono nā mea hoʻonani kūpono a hopu. No laila, hoʻokomo nā lawaiʻa i nā pili me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka pā kālā. ʻO ka mea nui ka ʻike maopopo ʻia mai kahi mamao aku.
ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā iʻa ʻai a i ʻole mauʻano ʻano, i ʻole e kūʻai ʻia, e hele pono no ka pain.