Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ke integument e nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kala. Aia kekahi kanaka i kahi kala hina a me ka pua nani. He māmā ka ʻōpū, i kekahi manawa me nā hōʻeha a me nā hiʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻonaʻeleʻele ma ka ʻāʻī.
17 - 25 mau laina waena o nā kahe e puka ana i ke kino. ʻEleʻele Cobra liʻiliʻi loa, a hiki i 1,5 mika.
Hōʻea kala nui cobra (Naja ashei).
Noho ka poʻe cobras ma Asia. Kīwīhia nā ʻāpana polā nui a i loaʻa paha i loko o ʻApelika mau polū a me nā ʻāʻī puhikā. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōla i ka ʻawa, hāʻule i lalo o nā maka o ka ʻenemi ma kahi mamao o 60 centimeter me ke kūpaʻa maoli.
Ka puka ʻana o nā puka cobras i loko o nā kahawai o nā lehelehe, e hāmama i waho ma ka mua o ka niho o nā niho, a ʻo nā hue no ka puka o ka ʻāwili i puni a kokoke nā kumu o ka niho. I kēia hihia, maʻalahi ka lāʻau "kipa" i mua.
I kēia hihia, ʻo ka nahesa me nā ʻikina kūikawā e hoʻopiʻi pono i nā aila ʻona. No nā ʻōpū he kau cobras - ka nui ka palaho nui i ke kōkē, ka ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i ʻānai ʻia, nā ʻōpū ʻālea ʻāmaʻomaʻo, ke kōkō ʻulaʻula.
Pipi pū ka ʻōlapa ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia me ka palahalaha, akā ulu ka mea make i loko o ka lua i ka ʻōpū, ma kahi o ka alelo e kū ai ka alelo.
ʻAi ʻai i nā cobras
Hoʻopuka i nā cobras i nā pēpē, nā kīpī, a me nā baki. Holo lākou i nā manu, nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, nā nahesa liʻiliʻi a me nā nahesa maikaʻi loa - nā pua a me nā kraits.
Hoʻokomo i nā cobras i kahi lāʻau ikaika nui loa i loko o ke kino o ka mea pepehi. Kāʻae lākou i kā lākou mau niho i ka mea pio a ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia, ma kēia hihia, ua hoʻokomo maikaʻi ka mea huʻāʻi ʻia a wikiwiki koke ke ʻano o ka mea pepehi.
Pehea e kuha ai nā cobras?
Pehea e kuhi ai nā cobras, a he aha ka mea e wehewehe ai i ka sniper pololei e komo ana i nā maka o ka mea pepehi? Akā ua ʻike ʻia ka hiki ʻana i nā nahelehele ke hiki i ka huehue, ke hoʻolei aku nei i nā mea oona i nā kahawaiʻu mai nā lua o nā niho kīwaha me kahi mākaʻi ikaika o nā ʻiʻo. ʻO Bruce Young, he limahana ma ke Kulanui ʻo Massachusetts, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻo ia i kona ola ma ka hoʻokolohua ʻana me nā cobras i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
Ua hoʻonāukiuki ka mea ʻepekema i ka nahe e kaua ai, a ua kau ʻia kahi polokalamu kūikawā i luna o kona poʻo a pili a me kahi kamepiula i hiki ai ke nānā i nā neʻe o ka kime.
ʻAʻole i komo ka ʻona i loko o nā maka o ka mea hoʻokolohua, pale ʻia lākou me nā aniani kūikawā. Kūpono ʻia nā neʻe o ka lawepiki lawena i kahi wikiō wikiō. Uaʻoi aku ma mua o 100 "spits" i maopopo pehea ka hopena o ka cobra i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. Huli i ka pīpī e huki i ka mea make 200 milliseconds ma mua i kahi e makemake ʻia e ʻike ʻia ai nā maka o ka mea i make ma hope o ka manawa pōkole. ʻAu kauheʻe wale nō e hoʻokele ma mua o ka neʻe o kāna mea e hopu ai.
ʻO ka wikiwiki me ka lele i ka pehu o ka maka o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia ma mua o ka hopena o ka mea pio a lanakila ka nahesa i ke kaua.
Eia kekahi, ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka palahā, e hoʻomaka ana ke kuila koko e kuʻi i kona poʻo, ke kāpae ʻana i nā ʻūhā a hoʻokuʻu i nā meaʻona ʻona. E hoʻopau ʻia ka mea ʻala e like me ka aerosol i ke ʻano o kahi ao a pā mau ʻo ia i nā maka ʻelua.
ʻO ka pīhoihoi kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka electromyography o nā ʻ snakelio ʻōlima i hōʻoia i kēia ʻano o "spitting" me nā mea ʻala make e hiki ai i ka hopena. A ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻino ʻia kahi mea oona e hoʻopau ʻia, akā ke kāula.
Lāpule Cobras - He naheʻe make nui
Māʻili i nā cobras e hoʻolei i ka meaʻala i ko lākou mau maka i mea e makapō ai. Eia kekahi, nā meaʻonaʻawaʻawa e hōʻeha ai i kahi hōʻeha nui.
No ka poʻe, ʻehā ka ʻano o ka lāʻau o ka ʻaila koko, ʻokoʻa ka hopena o kona hopena ma ke kino.
ʻO nā mea huna o ka palu nui o Central Central ka nāwaliwali, make mai ka huehue ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi aniani e loaʻa i kahi mau hola a i ʻole mau lā. Hoʻohā nui ʻia ka honu o kahi aliʻi cobra a alakaʻi i ka make o kahi kanaka i 30 mau minuke.
ʻAʻohe ʻōlepaʻa ʻole i pale ʻole ʻia i ka ʻawaʻā o ke aliʻi.
Hoʻomoe ʻana i ka Cobras i Kaʻai
Ke kuʻe hoa i nā cobras i Ianuali - Pepeluali. Ma ka pipi e loaʻa pinepine nā 6-15 hua. I ka lā o ʻApelila a Mei paha, waiho ka wahine i nā hua ma loko o ka puʻu i ka lepo, ma kahi ākea ma waena o nā pōhaku, i nā mauʻu he mauʻu. ʻAʻole haʻalele ka wahine i ka pipi a pale i nā wahine wahine ʻāmaʻopa a me nā cobras i hoʻonohonoho i kahi pūnana kūikawā. I kēia hihia, hōʻiliʻili nā reptiles i nā mea kanu i loko o kahi puʻu me ka mua o ke kino ma ka ʻili, a laila e kau i ka hua manu. Mālama ʻia ka masonry mai nā mea wī e nā kāne a me nā wahine a hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā keiki.
I ka wā hoʻomaha, he paʻakikī loa nā reptiles a me ka hoʻouka ʻana i kekahi mea e hoʻokokoke ana i ka nalo. ʻO ke kao huki a cobras i ka mea liʻiliʻi ma ka mea liʻiliʻi no ka manawa mua. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ko lākou kino me ka ʻuʻala. ʻO nā cobras i nā'ōpiopio i nā kala ʻili.
I ka noho pio ʻana, hiki i nā reptile ke ola a hiki i 29 makahiki.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā kiʻi cobras brown kahi i hoʻopili ʻia no ke ola pio ʻana. No ka mālamaʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i nā reptile ʻaʻole mai ke kaiapuni, akā e kūʻai i nā cobras ʻōpiopio. ʻAle ke kala i ko lākou kala, akā ʻaʻole pili lākou. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā naile ʻōpio i kahi wikiwiki a he liʻiliʻi ko lākou pale.
Ua koho ʻia ʻo Terrarium i nā dimensi o 120 x 50 x 50 kenimika. Hoʻonohonoho ka mahana ma kahi o 25-280C, hiki i nā reptile ke kū i ka 34-380C kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka wai kahawai a me ka peat me kahi substrate.
No ka hoʻolālā i ka terrace waiho i nā ʻāpana o ke one, a ʻokiʻoki ka lāʻau, nā mea kanu i loko i loko o nā kahe. Hāʻawi ʻia ka wai i kahi kīʻaha liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Hāʻawi ka wahine i 6 a 15 mau huaʻai i ke kauwela mua. I ka terrarium i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka pahu hoʻouluulu me ka vermiculite. Hoʻokomo nā hua hua i kahi mahana o 28 - 30 degere C a me ka haʻahaʻa o 80%. Ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoihoi ʻia ka hua i ka wai. Ma hope o 2 mau mahina, ʻike ʻia nā naʻi ʻōpio.
ʻO nā Cubs molt no ka manawa mua ma ka makahiki 9 a 12. A laila hiki ke hānai ʻia ka kite. I ka pio, ua palena ʻia nā mea ʻai i nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā kiʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i nā ʻūhini ʻōpio.
Hoʻokahi ka pōpoki o kahi pōpoki huluhulu nui i loaʻa i ka meaʻala, ʻo ia ka mea e lawa ai 20 mau kānaka.
I ka hoʻoilo, ua palena ʻia ka nui o ka meaʻai, no ka mea e emi ana ka nalo ʻana o ka reptiles i ka wā hoʻoilo. Pono nā poʻe o nā reptile exotic e ʻōmole nā cobras brown. Ke mālama nei i kēia ʻano, pono ʻoe e kāhiko i kahi pale pale e pale aku ai i ka hakahaka mai ka mokulele!
Ke kūlana ʻauhau o ka Nui Cobra Nui
Kūpaʻa ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui i ka luku. Ke noho nei kēia holoholona reptile ma nā kahakai o Kenya, kahi i hoʻomōhala ʻia nā ʻāina a ke kaukō ʻia e ka nahe. Ma ka manawa like, hoʻopau wale nā kānaka i ke kuo, ʻaʻole i waiho i kahi manawa e ola ai.
Nui i ka makaʻu o nā nahe ʻona e hoʻopili ʻia me nā hana kūpono. A ʻike nā poʻe loea ʻo ka cobra lapalapa nui he mea kūʻai mai i nā pōneki ahalele waiwai nui. I ka manawa manawa, lawe lākou i 6.2 milliliters o kahi mea make e kaupaona ana he 7.1 mau kākala mai ka huehue. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻIke a me nā ponoʻai
Ka Uluwehi O Ke KaiNaja pallida ) - kahi pua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e lōʻihi ana i 70 cm a 1 mika (kiʻekiʻe 1.5 mau mika).
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o nā cobras ʻokoʻa i ka kūlohelohe, ʻai lākou i nā mea a pau e ola ana, mai nā momi liʻiliʻi a i nā manu, nā huaʻai, nā lizards a me nā nāhelehele, ma ka hoʻopio i nā mea āpau i kaupalena ʻia a me nā kiʻi o nā nui kūpono. Hiki i nā pēpē maikaʻi ke hoʻomaka i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻūhini.
Ka hona i kahi nahenahe ʻulaʻula
Loaʻa i nā cobras i kā lākou inoa ke aloha i ka hiki ke pana i ka ʻā i loko o nā maka o ka ʻenemi i kahi lōʻihi a hiki i ʻekolu mau māka me ke kūpaʻa maoli.
ʻO ka mea maoli, ʻaʻole i hoʻowalewale ka nahesa i ka uka - ke kolohe o kahi "cocktail make" mai nā fangs i ke ʻano o nā mea aʻalupā a me nā mānoʻi. Ka mea, e manao ana ka huile i ka neʻe o ke poʻo a, ma muli, ka maka o ka mea i make, i ke kiʻi "me kahi alakaʻi" 200 mau milliseconds - ma kahi manawa i ʻike ʻia ai nā maka o ka mea i make ma hope o kēia manawa nui. Eia kekahi, no ka hopena keu, ka lua ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka palahā, hoʻomaka ka nahe i ke kuʻipiʻi i kona poʻo me nā uaua o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī mau a hoʻomau mau i ka neʻe, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka wai. Wahi a like, ua pehu ka pueo i ke ʻano o nā ellipses intersecting, e hiolo ana me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena i ka ihu o ka ʻenemi, a i nā maka ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Ua hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka hoʻokolohua ua hoʻokuʻu ke kobra i nā mea ʻehā ma ke ʻano ʻaʻole he jet, akā no ka aerosol.
Kaihoahoa
Līwī i nā cobras, nā kiʻi kiʻi i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i loko o kā mākou mea waiwai, pana i ka ʻāwī ma o nā ala ākea e loaʻa ana i nā niho. Hiki i kēlā mau hāmeʻa ke wehe i ka wā e pono ai. ʻO nā mea i poʻomanaʻo e hana ʻia mai nā kahawai ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā musika kūikawā ma ka ʻā o ka nahesa. Kahi ma ia wahi e loaʻa ai nā gona, ka mea e hana ai i ka lako o nā mea ponoʻawa.
Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana mai ka waha o ka huina, hiki i nā mea huʻawaʻa ke hele i kahi hiki i ka lōʻihi o ʻekolu mau mika. Ke hōʻike nei nā hualoaʻa o nā noiʻi kūikawā, ua hiki i kēlā mau ʻīlio ke hōʻuluʻulu i ka ʻawa, ʻo ka nui o ia e lawa i nā "puhilima" i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Ua nānā ʻia ka hana wehewehe i loko o ka waʻa e hoʻokuʻi i nā cobras. Hiki i ke ʻano ʻīlima ʻAmelika Huipū ke puhi i ka ʻona ma luna o kahi lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia ʻano uluʻu, make ke kinona mai ka lua o ka lua ma lalo o ka alelo, i ka ʻāina o ka iwi haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka pale palekana he mea komo o nā mea ʻona i nā maka o ka ʻenemi, inā he holoholona a i ʻole kekahi kanaka. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pōpilikia, hoʻāla ka cile i kona poʻo a paʻa i ka maka i mua o ka ʻike. A laila aia kahi kuha, kahi mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma luna aʻe o ke poʻo o ka ʻenemi. Ke hele nei i ka hopena, kahi i ka pōkole i ka manawa pōkole e alakaʻi i ka popo ʻana o ka maka o ka maka. ʻO ka hopena pinepine ka makapō piha o ka mea honu. Eia kekahi, hoʻonāukiuki nā mea make i ka ʻili, e hōʻino ai i kona ʻano.
I kekahi manawa ke kahakaha nā cobras i hana hewa. Akā hana pinepine ʻia kēia. ʻO ke kumu e lilo ia i hopena maikaʻi mai ka hopena hiki. I kekahi mau manawa, lawe nā cobras i kā lākou mau maka ʻili i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kanaka.
ʻO ka pilina me ke kāne
I kēia mau lā, pilikia nā cobras. Noho pinepine kēlā mau reptile i nā ʻāina kahi i hana ai ke kanaka i ka hana waiwai. Ke hopohopo nei i ka make ʻake, make nā poʻe i kēia mau nāhelehele, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻana he ʻano kūpono kēia ʻano hana i kekahi kūlana kūikawā.
I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ke hana nei kekahi kanaka i ka hopu ʻana no ia mau holoholona. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻili o ka nahesa, a me ka mea ʻona nui hoʻi. Ke hana nei ka hope o ka waihona mea noke nui no ka hana ʻana i nā antidotes a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO nā nahe ʻona make nā mea weliweli weliweli loa ma ka honua. No laila ua manaʻo nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia ka manaʻo kūpono. Eia naʻe, makaʻu lākou i ka poʻe a me nā holoholona. Manaʻo paha ʻoe me ka loaʻa ʻole o kēlā me kēia ʻano mea ʻoi me ka mea ʻawaʻī, ʻaʻole ʻoe e noho loli ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻouka ʻia. Akā naʻe i kēlā me kēia, ʻaʻole nā kahe na lākou wale iho. He nui o lākou e ʻike ma mua o hiki iā lākou ke 'ai, e kiaʻi ke kiaʻi i ka mea ʻai i hoʻokahi hola, e peʻe ana ma ka hoʻohālua. ʻAe, ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka ʻoihana a ka nahesa, ʻaʻole ia he hilinaʻi nui loa. ʻĀnō, inā hiki iā ia ke hoʻouna i nā pua e hālāwai me ka ʻenemi. Hoike ao, e like me ka hana a na Inia. ʻAʻohe o nā lehelehe nā pua, akā ʻike kekahi mau ʻano o cobras a me kekahi helu i ka huki i ka ʻawa.
Ma waena o nā nahesa ʻokiʻoki, ʻeleʻele ʻokaʻī ʻeleʻele (Naja nigricollis) he ʻāpana ʻulala ākea o Aferika, nā kime cora (Hemachatus haemachatus) a me ka lawena cobra Indian (Naja naja sputatrix). Hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia nā niho ʻāʻā o kēia mau nāhelehele i ko lākou mau hoahele, no ka laʻana,. ʻO ke kahawai kahi e hoʻoili ʻia ai ka pona e wehe ʻole ʻia ma ke kī, akā, ʻaʻole mamao loa ia, e maʻalahi ke ʻano o ka ʻōheu.
ʻO ka mea maoli, ʻaʻole ka hika i ka mea make, no ka mea pili i ka hoʻohuihui ʻia me ka wai kaila, a ʻo kēia mau reptile ka pana kīwaha mai ka kahe e wehe ana i ka niho. Eia kekahi, pana nui nā nahe i ka lōʻihi a ma kahi lōʻihi loa - mai ʻelua a ʻehā paha aniani, e huli ana i ka maka. Inā komo ka ʻūhā i nā maka, ka ʻili o ka ihu o ka ihu a i ʻole ka waha o kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, a laila e make ana. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ka weliweli ʻana o nā huakaʻi hele mua ma Āpelika a me ʻAsia Hema, a me ka piʻa ʻana i nā nahe ʻalā.
Akā ʻaʻole wale nā kahe a ʻaʻole wale nō ka lika. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā manu a i ʻole nā phrenosomes i ke koko o lākou. ʻO kā lākou mea kaua nui no ka kīʻaha poʻo. Me kāna kōkua, pale aku ka lizards iā lākou iho i nā nahe ʻona a me nā mea pani liʻiliʻi. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, makemake lākou i ka lawe ʻana mai i ka hihia i kahi hakakā, akā e hoʻoweliweli aku i ka ʻenemi i mua. No kēia, ua hāʻawi nā mea maoli i nā holoholona me kahi mea hoʻonaninani kupaianaha. I kahi manawa pōkole, hoʻākoakoa ka musio kūikawā i kekahi o nā kīʻaha koko nui. Ke alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻonui i ke kahe o ke koko i nā moku o ke poʻo. ʻO nā kīʻaha liʻiliʻi i loko o ke membrane kōpili o ka maka e kū ʻole a piʻi, a hoʻokaʻaka ʻia ʻia ke koko mai nā maka aku i ka ʻenemi. ʻO kahi kahe wai nui ʻole i kau ʻia e kau i kahi mea kaua ma luna o ka holo, a ʻo kēlā me kēia mea kaua e hana pono ai i ka radius o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika.
Kūkulu ʻia kahi cobra nui e like me ka mea pôpeku i ke wā kime.
Noho kēlā mau ʻōmaʻomaʻu pōkole i nā savannahs a me nā wahi nahele o ʻAmelika a ma Asia Hema. Nui loa lākou a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 3 m. Ke ʻano maikaʻi nei lākou, ʻai nui ka ʻona ʻole a me ko lākou mau hoahānau - cobras o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. A e hoʻokaʻawale wale i kahi manawa i nā meaʻai me nā waha nui.
E makapo i ka enemi e hoola
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā cobras i kahi māka hana kūpilikiʻi. Ina lakou e hoouka hou ia e kahi enemi nui, he mea hiki ole ke ai, kuilahi lakou i ke kahawai o na mea make i loko ona. Aia ka pae kiko e hiki ai i ka m 2. Mālama ʻia ka pahuhopu o nā nahe - ka maka o ka mea lawehala. A loaʻa lākou iā ia me ka pololei kupaianaha a mai kahi mamao loa.
ʻO ka cobra ka pakano kahi hui pū ʻana o nā polypeptides toxic, nā enzyme a me nā protein me nā mea kūlohelohe kūikawā. ʻO nā polypeptides nui loa i hōʻalo ʻia he mau neurotoxin I a me ke ʻano neurotoxin II, ka mea e hōʻeha ai i nā hōʻeha a me nā ʻōpū hanu. Inā e komo ana i loko o kou mau maka, e hāloi ka make i ka hōʻeha nui a hoʻomālamalama ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka makapō. Ma hope mai, ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka maka i loko o ke koko, e hoʻohewa ʻia ka hākū i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole lākou maʻa mau.
ʻIke pololei i nā maka ʻelua
I ka hopena o ka noiʻi ʻepekema, ua nui nā ʻike.
Ke hoʻololi koke ke kanaka i ke kūlana o ke poʻo, hahai ka cobra iā ia. Inā paʻa ka mea i ka neʻe ʻana, hoʻomau ka neʻe o ka nahe i kona poʻo mai kēlā ʻaoʻao. Wahi a ka ʻepekema, ua like kēia mau neʻe me nā hana a kahi mea pāʻani pīpī e ho'āʻo nei e huki a lele hewa i ka ʻenemi ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka pōpō i loko o ka hīnaʻi.
A laila, ma kahi o ka lua ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka pehu, hoʻomaka ka nahe i ka ʻalā o kona poʻo me nā uaua o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī a hoʻomau i ka neʻe ʻana, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka wai. Wahi a like, ua pehu ka pueo i ke ʻano o nā ellipses intersecting, e hiolo ana me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena i ka ihu o ka ʻenemi, a i nā maka ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hoʻokuʻu ai ka kile i nā mea make i ke ʻano no ka he jet, akā he neʻe. Paʻi ʻia nā ʻūhā koʻikoʻi i nā kime salivary ma ke ʻano ka lilo ʻana o ke kahawai i loko o kahi ʻōpio. Eia kekahi, hana kēia mau uaua me kahi ikaika o ke kahe e hiki ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 m, ʻo ia hoʻi, kokoke i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā maka o ka ʻenemi.
ʻOiai ʻo ka pale ʻana o ka makaʻepekema i pale ʻia e kahi visor iʻike ʻia, e nānā ka mea hōʻike.
Lāpule cobras: wehewehe a me ke kiʻi
He aha ke cobras? He aha ke ʻano o ke ola e alakaʻi ai? He aha kā lākou mea e ʻai ai a pehea kā lākou ʻano? Hiki paha ke mālama i kahi nalo i ka pio? E kūkākūkā kēia mau mea āpau ma kā mākou paʻi.
Nui nā ʻano like a na puʻupuʻu e ʻokoʻa nei i ko lākou hiki ke pale i ka ʻenemi me nā mea ʻona me ka mamao. ʻO kēia ka mea pili i nā mea hoʻopiʻi:
- Kāleka nui ka pala ka kala.
- ʻApala ʻulaʻula ʻōkuhi ʻAmelika Hema.
- Kulu huile.
- Pāleaua ʻāʻī a paʻa.
- ʻEleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
Kukui Kūpono Kūpono
Hemachatus haemachatus (BONNATERRE, 1790)
ʻO kekahi o nā cobras a maikaʻi loa, hoihoi a coves i nā ʻōpala ʻAmelika. Kihia i ka pua ʻaile.
No nā ʻano he monotypic species, akā pili loa ia me ka genus center Naja, akā naʻe me ka subgenus Afronaja, nona ka noʻonoʻo. Eia nō naʻe, kahiʻokoʻa folidosis ʻē aʻe, nā pae ʻana o ke kino a me ka hua e huki ana i ka hua manu i hōʻike mau i kēia ʻāpana mai ka hui o nā cobras maoli.
A laila. Noho kēia holoholona i nā ʻāpana ʻāina, nā awāwa a me nā wahi ākea o ʻApelika Hema, Zimbabwe, Lesotho a me Swaziland. Kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi hoʻi o ka hema o Mozambique. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i ka hapanui o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka papa meaʻai kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui, naʻe naʻe, hiki iā ia ke ʻuʻale i nā nahesa ʻē aʻe.
Kūpili kēia ʻano nui i nā loiloi he nui.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻike pololei kēia ʻike. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēia nui o ka nui (a hiki i 130 cm ma ka maikaʻi loa) hiki i nā cobras ke hōʻea i ka 2.5 m !. No ka hoʻohālikelike, nā milo ʻekolu ohe ashe sphe ashe i ka ʻāina o 3 mika! No laila e pili ana i ka nui a me ka lōʻihi o ka hilo, i koʻu manaʻo ʻaʻole like lākou i ka hui Naja. Eia nō naʻe, eia nō hoʻi e ʻike ʻia ua pālahalaha kā lākou huila a pololei hoʻi. Akā, ke hoʻomaopopo nei ʻoe, inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou i ka pio, a laila ma ka lumi liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole i kūlike kiʻekiʻe paha e lawa paha.
ʻO ka lua, noho nā holoholona i kahi kūlana ʻino o ka hema o ʻAmelika Hema a pono e hoʻoilo loa i ka hoʻoilo. Inā maʻamau ka hapanui o cobras ma 20 - 23 tikeri, a laila pono ka liʻiliʻi he 18, a kūpono hoʻi 16!
O ke kolu. I ka ʻike ʻana i nā moʻo weliweli, ʻo kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole ia i kau i nā hua, akā ua hānau ʻia nā nahesa i hoʻokumu koke ʻia. Ka mea, heʻoiaʻiʻo ka ʻokoʻa no ka pūʻulu kīpē aoao. Eia kekahi, e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, ʻo ka nui o nā pēpē mai ka 15 a 30 mau ʻāpana. A lawe ʻia ka mea kākau cobra i mau mea he 65 i ka manawa. ʻO ka mea paʻakikī wau e manaʻoʻiʻo ai, akā ʻo ia ka mau ʻike.
Eha lā. Hiki i nā mea ʻalaʻewa ke hoʻohaki i ka make. A hana ʻo ia e like me kā mākou mau pume) A ʻakaʻaka hoʻi ia a hāʻule i kona kua, ke kō aku ʻo ia i kāna alelo a me kāna hana. He nani maoli nō, e ʻoi loa i ka wā, ma mua o ka manawa.
Aʻo ke kumuhana i loko o ke pio ʻana, ʻo ka mea paʻakikī ke paʻakikī o lākou. A nani loa paha. ʻO nā lei hemahatus hoʻoponopono ʻia mai ʻEulopa mai ke kumukūʻai ma mua o 400 euros no ka huelo, a ʻoi aku paha. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he hoʻoilo maloʻo nui loa, me nā hopena o hope aʻe. Holo ka ʻai i ka ʻano o nā ʻōpala āpau e waiho i kāna māka, akā naʻe, neʻeneʻe maʻalahi lākou i nā kiʻina a, ʻo ka maʻamau, ʻaʻohe pilikia o kēia. A i ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā manaʻo o kēia mau cobras i nā mea kikoʻī o nā ʻano o ke ʻano ʻōlani, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoliʻoli.
ʻO ka hona o kēia nahesa i ʻano like ʻole, akā no nā kānaka ʻaʻole nui ka pōʻino, kahi paʻa i ka hoʻopili ʻia i ka manaʻo o kēia nahe nui. Inā loaʻa iā ia i loko o nā maka, ke hoʻopau pinepine ia me ka ʻeha nui a me ka ʻīwī iki wale nō, akā ʻaʻole au e hoʻokolohua. A ʻo nā hili ke kumu i nā ʻōnaehana maʻi kūloko (kahi liʻiliʻi i hele pū ʻia e ka necrosis moderate) i ka maʻi, ka ʻōpū a me ka hiamoe. ʻAʻole he mea weliweli e kani ai - make kino ka make ma ka hopena. Eia nō naʻe, aia mau nō nā mea ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻole kau e hoʻololi.
Ma, a i ka hopena, he aha mākou. ʻO ka naahi liʻiliʻi, e hoʻolaʻa pinepine ai, ke nānā ʻana o ka ʻiʻo maoli me nā ʻano āpau a me nā ʻano. ʻAʻole make make a me ka hua-waiho ana. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona e kū nei no ka mea kūpono no ka terrarium, ʻoiai kekahi mau pilikia (a ma kahi i waho ʻole o lākou!). No laila, ʻimi maikaʻi ka ʻimi, a ke lana nei au i kekahi lā e kaʻana mai i nā kiʻi o kāu kolamu kime ponoʻī, kahi mea ʻoiaʻiʻo kaʻu i manaʻo maikaʻi.
Lalo i kahi cobra? A ... He aha ka kao puha?
ʻO Polyphyletic hui o nā holoholona | |
Pāleaua ʻāʻī a paʻa | |
Ke poʻo inoa | |
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Ke kūlana Mana | |
Palapala inoa Latin | |
He ʻauhau makua | |
Lunamakaainana | |
Luhia i nā cobras - ka inoa like ʻole o nā ʻano nui a nā ʻīlona e noho nei ma nā wahi a me nā wahi nahele o ʻAmelika a me Asia Hema a hiki iā lākou ke "pana" i ka honu ma nā maka o ka ʻenemi. ʻO ka pīpī līu ʻulaʻula, no ka laʻana, hiki ke ahi a hiki i nā "shots" 28 a i ka lālani, kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka 3.7 mg o nā mea make. ʻO ka hōʻemi, hōʻeha koʻikoʻi, ka wā pōkole a kū ʻole paha ke makapo ʻana ma muli o ke ao ʻana o ka korne nui ka hopena ma o ka hoʻopili. I ka wā o ka hopu, ʻo kēia mau cobras e pepehi i ka mea i hoʻopiha me kahi ʻuʻā, e like me nā nahesa ʻona.
ʻO ka huaola ka Cobra kahi hui paʻakikī o nā polypeptides toxic, nā enzyme a me nā protein me nā waiwai olakino kūikawā, e komo pū ana i nā mākala a me nā ʻōpū hanu. Inā e komo ana i loko o kou mau maka, e hāloi ka make i ka hōʻeha nui a hoʻomālamalama ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka makapō. Hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka wahī i loko o ke koko, e hoʻomā ka mea make i loko o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO kahi lua ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻona, hoʻomaka ka ʻaloli i kona poʻo me nā māhā o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī a hoʻomau i ka neʻe ʻana, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka wai, hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻona ma ke ʻano o nā ellipses intersecting, me ka hāʻule nui i ka maka o ka ʻenemi, a me nā maka ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Paʻi ʻia nā ʻūhā kūikawā i ke ʻano o nā hē nū i ke ʻano o ka lele ʻana i nā pakanā e lilo i peʻī, a me ia mana e hiki ke kū i ka puna ke hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 m, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā maka o ka ʻenemi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka canaliculi i loko o nā niho o kēia mau ʻōlima, a puka i waho ma ke alo mua o ka niho, a ʻoi aku ka ʻōwili o ka excretory ma mua o ka poʻe kīnā ʻole, a hele i kahi kokoke i ke kumu o ka niho, ka mea o ka ʻawa, ma hope o ka hele ʻana iā lākou. No kēia mea, ʻo ka nahesa me ke kōkua o nā ʻūhā kūikawā e hoʻokūkū pono i nā aila ʻona.
ʻO nā cobras i loko o ka Asia, e komo pū ana me ka cobra Central Asia (Naja oxiana), hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōla i ka ʻona, akā he ʻokoʻa nā ka mea ʻona, a ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ka pana ʻana: ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka ʻāʻī ma loko o ka waha, ua hoʻowalewale ka nahesa i uka e ka lua ma lalo o nā iwi ʻāwili, ma ia mea i ke kūleʻa ʻia e kona alelo.
Loune Cobra - Howling Pixel
Luhia i nā cobras - ka inoa like ʻole o nā ʻano nui a nā ʻīlona e noho nei ma nā wahi a me nā wahi nahele o ʻAmelika a me Asia Hema a hiki iā lākou ke "pana" i ka honu ma nā maka o ka ʻenemi.
ʻO ka pīpī līu ʻulaʻula, no ka laʻana, hiki ke ahi a hiki i nā "shots" 28 a i ka lālani, kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka 3.7 mg o nā mea make. ʻO ka hōʻemi, ka ʻeha ʻeha, pōkole a kūlohelohe mau loa ʻia ma muli o ke ao ʻana o ka korne ka hopena ma kahi o ke kau ʻana. I ka wā o ka hopu, ʻo kēia mau cobras e pepehi i ka mea i hoʻopiha me kahi ʻuʻā, e like me nā nahesa ʻona.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka canaliculi i loko o nā niho o kēia mau nāhelehele i ke kihi kūpono a wehe i mua o ka ihu o ka niho, a ʻoi ka pihi o nā excretory ma mua o nā mea kīnā ʻole, a hele e kokoke kokoke ana i ke kumu o ka niho, ka mea o ka ʻawa, ma hope o ka hele ʻana iā lākou. No kēia mea, ʻo ka nahesa me ke kōkua o nā ʻūhā kūikawā e hoʻokūkū pono i nā aila ʻona.
ʻO nā cobras i loko o ka Asia, e komo pū ana me ka cobra Central Asia (Naja oxiana), hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōla i ka ʻona, akā he ʻokoʻa nā mea ʻona, a ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ka pana ʻana: ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka ʻāʻī ma ka waha, ua hoʻowalewale ka ʻūlopa e huki i loko o ka lua o ka iwi haʻaloha, ma loko o ia mea i hōʻilo pinepine ʻia ai kona alelo.
Ka hopena i ka moʻomeheu
- I loko o nā hāmeʻe "LEGO Ninjago" (S2E5) kekahi o nā iwi o ka nahesa, ʻo Venomari, ka ʻumi o ka honu, e hāʻule ana i ka maka, e hoʻolilo i ka hui ʻana.
- Ua kiʻi ʻia ka Dilophosaurus ma ka Paka Jurassic (puke a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni) i mea hōʻeha me nā waika wai.
- I loko o ka moʻolelo "Plague Star" mai ka series "Taf Travels" na George Martin, make ʻo nā helikop cats i nā mea pepehi, make nā mea make i loko o lākou.
- ʻO nā ʻīlio Dragons-nāheʻe i ka hāmeʻa animated "Dinofros" hiki ke hānai i ka ʻāʻī.
- ʻO ke poʻo ʻōpiopio Miva mutant (kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Karai) mai ka animated series ʻo Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012) hiki nō iā ia ke hana i ka lāʻau ʻawa.
- ʻO Xenomorph ka mea hoʻokele a me nā pilapula xenomorph hiki i nā mea hoʻoneʻe i ka maʻi paralytic me nā waiwai acid.
Nā Nānā
Loune Cobra - Howling Pixel
Luhia i nā cobras - ka inoa like ʻole o nā ʻano nui a nā ʻīlona e noho nei ma nā wahi a me nā wahi nahele o ʻAmelika a me Asia Hema a hiki iā lākou ke "pana" i ka honu ma nā maka o ka ʻenemi.
ʻO ka pīpī līu ʻulaʻula, no ka laʻana, hiki ke ahi a hiki i nā "shots" 28 a i ka lālani, kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka 3.7 mg o nā mea make. ʻO ka hōʻemi, ka ʻeha ʻeha, pōkole a kūlohelohe mau loa ʻia ma muli o ke ao ʻana o ka korne ka hopena ma kahi o ke kau ʻana. I ka wā o ka hopu, ʻo kēia mau cobras e pepehi i ka mea i hoʻopiha me kahi ʻuʻā, e like me nā nahesa ʻona.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka canaliculi i loko o nā niho o kēia mau nāhelehele i ke kihi kūpono a wehe i mua o ka ihu o ka niho, a ʻoi ka pihi o nā excretory ma mua o nā mea kīnā ʻole, a hele e kokoke kokoke ana i ke kumu o ka niho, ka mea o ka ʻawa, ma hope o ka hele ʻana iā lākou. No kēia mea, ʻo ka nahesa me ke kōkua o nā ʻūhā kūikawā e hoʻokūkū pono i nā aila ʻona.
ʻO nā cobras i loko o ka Asia, e komo pū ana me ka cobra Central Asia (Naja oxiana), hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōla i ka ʻona, akā he ʻokoʻa nā ka mea ʻona, a ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ka pana ʻana: ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka ʻāʻī ma loko o ka waha, ua hoʻowalewale ka nahesa i uka e ka lua ma lalo o nā iwi ʻāwili, ma ia mea i ke kūleʻa ʻia e kona alelo.
Ka hopena i ka moʻomeheu
- I loko o nā hāmeʻe "LEGO Ninjago" (S2E5) kekahi o nā iwi o ka nahesa, ʻo Venomari, ka ʻumi o ka honu, e hāʻule ana i ka maka, e hoʻolilo i ka hui ʻana.
- Ua kiʻi ʻia ka Dilophosaurus ma ka Paka Jurassic (puke a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni) i mea hōʻeha me nā waika wai.
- I loko o ka moʻolelo "Plague Star" mai ka series "Taf Travels" na George Martin, make ʻo nā helikop cats i nā mea pepehi, make nā mea make i loko o lākou.
- ʻO nā ʻīlio Dragons-nāheʻe i ka hāmeʻa animated "Dinofros" hiki ke hānai i ka ʻāʻī.
- ʻO ke poʻo ʻōpiopio Miva mutant (kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Karai) mai ka animated series ʻo Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012) hiki nō iā ia ke hana i ka lāʻau ʻawa.
- ʻO Xenomorph ka mea hoʻokele a me nā pilapula xenomorph hiki i nā mea hoʻoneʻe i ka maʻi paralytic me nā waiwai acid.
Nā Nānā
- ↑ Hamadriad, kahe ʻaclelo a me ka cobra, e hoʻopailua ana i nā mea make (ka pilina hiki ʻole)
- ↑ 12Akimushkin I.I. He make i nā aspids // Animal World: Nā manu. ʻO ka iʻa, nā amphibians a me nā reptiles. - 3 ed. - M .Hʻoi, 1995 .-- S. 447, 448. - 25,000 kope. - ISBN 5-244-00803-X.
ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui ka manuahi (lat. Naja ashei) he nahe ʻona mai ka ʻohana ʻohana o nā ʻikepili, nā ʻanoʻano o nā cobras maoli. Noho ia ma ka hikina a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻApelika. ʻO nā mea nui o kēia ʻano ka mea nui loa ma waena o nā kaila cobras; ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 274.3 kenimika.
Nā pale palekana i nā holoholona
Hoʻokomo nā mea palekana i nā wā hana e kōkua ai i ka hānai ʻana i nā meaolaola i kā lākou hakakā mau ʻana i nā mea pana.
ʻO ke ala mua o ke pale aku ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia ka hoʻōla i nā camouflage, ke noho ʻana ma lalo o ke kula, ʻūlū a me nā pō. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mea holoholona ke pale aku i ka mea hoʻopuka, e hōʻike ana i ka aposematism haʻi, e hoʻohana ana i ka hana mimicry ma lalo o nā holoholona me nā mea pale, pale a hoʻowalewale i nā hana, nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi o ka hahai ʻole, a me nā mea pale e like me ke kakalaioa. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hui, hiki i nā lālā ke hōʻemi ʻia e ka poʻe wānana e ka piʻi ʻana i ka makaʻala, ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka mea hana hewa, a me ka hopena o ka hoʻouka ʻana i kekahi congener.
Hiki i kekahi mau holoholona hakakā ke hakakā i nā poʻe predator e ka hoʻokahe koko kuʻuna, ka hōʻuluʻulu pū ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea waiʻona. I ka hopena hope loa, hiki i kekahi mau puaʻa ke hopu ʻia e ka nalo ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke kino e lōʻihi i ka hūʻule i ka mea hoʻolalelale a hāʻawi i ka manawa e pakele ai ka mea: ʻike hou ka limu i ka pua, a hāʻule nā pūlima i kā lākou huelo.
ʻO Cobra ka inoa kahiko o kekahi mau nāhele ʻawaʻawa mai ka ʻohana o nā pua (lat. Elapidae), aia i loko o ka papa ʻike ʻepekema haku wale ʻole ka ʻulu ʻauhau ʻauhau hoʻokahi. Loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki, me ka pilikia, e wehe i nā ʻōpū kuʻekuʻe umauma, e hana ana i kahi ʻano o ka paʻa. I ka wā e kope ai, e kuhi ana i ka 7 ml o nā mea make i loko o ke kino, ka mea o ka mea i hoʻopau i nā pilikia o ka hanu ʻana a me ka pohō ʻana o ka naʻau ma 24 mau hola. ʻO ka mea maoli, ua kapa ʻia nā cobras i mau ʻelele mai ka genus cobras (Naja) akā naʻe, pili kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā huaʻōlelo o ka ʻohana like ʻole.
Līmeni Cobras (Aspidelaps)
Cobras wai (Boulengerina)
Kolamu Cobras (Hemachatus)
Aliʻi Cobras (Ophiophagus)
Kai Cobras (Pseudohaje)
Kahakaha Cobras (Walterinnesia)
Lawaea Cobra (Naja sputatrix) /
Cobra, a i ole cobra maoli (lat. Naja) - he ʻano o nā nahesa maikaʻiʻole o ka ʻohana aspids. ʻO kēia nā ʻīlio kaulana nui a me ka pālahalaha, i kapa ʻia ʻo "cobras", ʻoiai he mau ʻano ʻē aʻe kekahi i kapa ʻia nā inoa o ka inoa like ʻole. Wahi a nā ʻano like ʻole, ua pili nā genus Naja e pili ana i 20 mau ʻano. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma ʻApelika, ka Hikina Hikina, ʻĀpika Hema me Indonesia. ʻO nā cobras i nā ikaika mai nā waena o ʻApelila a Iune a mai Nowemapa a hiki i waena o Nowemapa. I ka Iulai, helu aku ka wahine i nā hua 9-19, kahi o nā wai wai i kū i ka hopena o ʻAukake a i ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemapa. Hōʻulu nā Cobras i nā rodents, nā amphibians, nā manu, akā, e like me nā eli ʻē aʻe, makemake maikaʻi i nā nahe, me nā mea ʻawaʻawa.
ʻO ka pāpale ka mea hōʻailona no nā cobras. Ua kapa ʻia kahi hapa o ke kino he pāpale, kahi e neʻe ai ka iwi i lalo o ka mana o nā musika kūikawā, a me ka loli nui ʻana i ko lākou ʻano. I ke kūlana mālie, ʻaʻole like ka nui o ka cobra i nā nahesa ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka Cobra kahi pilikia i hopohopo nui loa i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, akā, ʻaʻole like ka nahesa viper e hōʻike mau i kona hiki ʻana. Kahi wale nō o ka hoʻoweliweli koke ʻana i ka nahe i nā ʻāpana uila e kūʻē i ka ʻenemi, ʻo ia hoʻi, me he mea laʻa i pau, me kahi ʻuʻaki ʻimi. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole like me nā kīwaha, ʻaʻole hana ka cobras i kahi pōkole koke, akā "hoʻouka" ʻoi, hoʻolima ka ʻāʻī o lākou ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mea nāna. Kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau (mālama i nā cobras), pale iā lākou iho, hiki iā lākou ke pana pololei i ka pona i nā maka o ka ʻenemi.
Luhia - kahi ʻoki kūpono loa i ka waha o ka waha, no ka laʻana, ka waiʻu.
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COBRA: spinyful
Līmeni Cobras (Aspidelaps)
Cobras wai (Boulengerina)
Kolamu Cobras (Hemachatus)
Aliʻi Cobras (Ophiophagus)
Kai Cobras (Pseudohaje)
Kahakaha Cobras (Walterinnesia)
ʻO kēia nā ʻīlio kaulana nui a me ka pālahalaha, i kapa ʻia ʻo "cobras", ʻoiai ʻo ia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o kā lākou mau inoa i kapa ʻia e ka inoa like ʻole.
Hōʻulu nā Cobras i nā rodents, nā amphibians, nā manu, akā, e like me nā eli ʻē aʻe, makemake maikaʻi i nā nahe, me nā mea ʻawaʻawa.
Hiki i ke kuʻina cobras ke "paʻi" kīnā ʻia i nā maka o ka ʻenemi. Hiki i kahi kime ke'āhewa i ke ahi a hiki i nā “shots” 28 i kahi lālani, kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka 3.7 mg o nā mea make. ʻO ka hōʻemi, ka ʻeha ʻeha, pōkole a kūlohelohe mau loa ʻia ma muli o ke ao ʻana o ka korne ka hopena ma kahi o ke kau ʻana. I ka wā o ka hopu, ʻo kēia mau cobras e pepehi i ka mea i hoʻopiha me kahi ʻuʻā, e like me nā nahesa ʻona.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka canaliculi i loko o nā niho o kēia mau ʻōlima, a puka i waho ma ke alo mua o ka niho, a ʻoi aku ka ʻōwili o ka excretory ma mua o ka poʻe kīnā ʻole, a hele i kahi kokoke i ke kumu o ka niho, ka mea o ka ʻawa, ma hope o ka hele ʻana iā lākou. No kēia mea, ʻo ka nahesa me ke kōkua o nā ʻūhā kūikawā e hoʻokūkū pono i nā aila ʻona.
Hiki i nā cobras a ʻAmelika ke hoʻōki i ka ʻōpū, akā ʻokoʻa nā mea ʻalopona, a ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ka pana ʻana: ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka ʻāʻī ma loko o ka waha, ua hoʻowalewale ka nahesa i uka i loko o ka lua o ka iwi haʻahaʻa, ma ia mea i ke kūleʻa pinepine ʻia ai kona alelo ʻana.
I ka manawa i noho ai ka Pelekānia i ka manawa o ko Koloni noho aliʻi ʻana ma India, ua hoʻoholo lākou e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā cobras i bred, no lākou i hoʻolaha ʻia ai ka uku no ko lākou mau poʻo. Holo ka lehulehu kanaka e luku i nā nahesa, a laila hoʻēmi ʻia ko lākou helu, akā, ma ke keʻa no, huli lākou i kā lākou hōʻola no ke kālā maʻalahi. Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka uku o nā cobras i koe, ua hoʻokuʻu ka poʻe India iā lākou i loko o ka nahele, e hāʻawi ana i ka nui o ka nui o nā nahesa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka waiwai kūlohelohe. Mai ia manawa, ua paʻa ka huaʻōlelo "cobra effect" no nā hana e manaʻo nei e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia, akā ma muli o ka ulu ʻana.
Hiki paha i kekahi elele ke make i kahi ʻuʻā aliʻi, akā mahalo kēia: ʻo nā hihia o ka make ʻana o ke kanaka mai kahi ʻuʻu a nāhelehele nui (ʻoiai ʻaʻole i 50 mau kānaka ka make mai nā ʻālohele a ʻehā i India i hoʻokahi makahiki). Mālama kēia ʻoihana reptile i ka mea ʻala no ka hopu ʻana, a no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻowalewale i ke kanaka, e hana ana i nā "bites pākahi".
King cobra - ka nahesa ʻona lōʻihi loa o ka honua - ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka e hiki ana i ʻelima a me ka hapa mika.
Nānā i loko o kahi āpau, hiki i ke kāne kolohe ke hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻano kuʻuna i waena o lākou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e hoka me kekahi. Ke noho nei ka kāne lanakila ma ka wahine. Eia kekahi, inā ua hoʻopili ʻia ka wahine e ke kāne ʻē, ua loaʻa pinepine nā hihia a i ka ʻoi ʻana o ke kāne i ka wahine a make iā ia, ma hope o kona ʻai ʻana. Inā hoʻokaʻa ʻole ka wahine a make i ka nui no ka nui o kona nui, kanu ʻo ia ia. Hiki nō hoʻi i ka wahine ke kūʻē i ke kāne a pepehi iā ia
I waena o nā nahesa, a me ka nahena c nā aliʻi, ke hiki wale i ka nahesa ʻōiwi i hiki ke hana i nā kani ma o ka holo ʻana o ka hanu.
Hoʻokahi ka pōpoki o kahi puaʻa nui i loaʻa i nā mea make, ʻoi loa ka luku iā 20 mau kānaka.
ʻO ka Cobra kahi pilikia i hopohopo nui loa i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, akā, ʻaʻole like ka nahesa viper e hōʻike mau i kona hiki ʻana. Kahi wale nō o ka hoʻoweliweli koke ʻana i ka nahe i nā ʻāpana uila e kūʻē i ka ʻenemi, ʻo ia hoʻi, me he mea laʻa i pau, me kahi ʻuʻaki ʻimi.
ʻO ka pāpale ka mea hōʻailona no nā cobras. Ua kapa ʻia kahi hapa o ke kino he pāpale, kahi e neʻe ai ka iwi i lalo o ka mana o nā musika kūikawā, a me ka loli nui ʻana i ko lākou ʻano. I ke kūlana mālie, ʻaʻole like ka nui o ka cobra i nā nahesa ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā scobabidae cobras nā pua nani
Ma ka ululāʻau a i ʻole arboreal ka nui i loaʻa i loko o nā ululāʻau o Equatorial Africa.
Pākuʻi ka wai cobras i nā iʻa wale nō.
Ma waena o ka poʻe o India, ʻo ka pīhoihoi India kupanaha ka leʻaleʻa kūikawā, pili ia me ka nui o nā kaʻao a me nā moʻolelo. Hoʻohui ia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ma o kā lākou mau kiʻi ʻana e nā mea ʻokiʻoki.
Ma waena o ko ʻAigupita poʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ka nahe kaulua i kahi hōʻailona no ka mana, a ma kēia kumu ua hoʻonani ʻia kona kiʻi me ke poʻo nui o nā pharaohs. ʻO kahi mea ʻino nui e like me ka nahe K India, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā nahesa ʻoki i kā lākou hele ʻana i ke alanui, i pōmaikaʻi ʻia me nā poʻe kaiāulu a me nā mea mākaʻikaʻi.
Ke noho nei ka popo puaʻa hou i loko o ka zoo, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā malihini kipa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke aniani o ka maka "kīwī" me kahi papa o nā huaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻopiʻi like ʻole i ke ʻano he pale ikaika, hoʻohana pinepine ka kolo i kahi ʻano passive, e hoʻohuli ana i kona kua a hoʻohālike e make. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pale aku ʻia e kekahi mau nahesa i hoʻomaka mua ʻia. ʻAʻole e like me nā cobras maoli, ʻaʻole i waiho ka pua nāu i hua i ka hua, akā hānau pū i nā cubs ola.
ʻAʻole kali ka poʻe pīhoihoi ʻAmelika Huipū a hiki i kahi pae ʻana iā ia. Ke ʻike nei i ka pilikia e hoʻokokoke ʻia ana, lawe ʻo ia i ke ʻano pale i pale a hoʻoiho nui ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau ka mea maʻamau e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kahi kanaka a hiki i kahi hipa hoʻi i pani ʻia ke ala ma aneʻi. Akā inā kokoke ka ʻenemi, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ka kime i nā niho ʻawaʻawa, a i kekahi manawa ke kau ʻia ma kahi ʻāʻī wahaheʻe i ka manawa mua, kikoo i ka mua o ka pū mua a kau i ka ʻenemi me kona poʻo a pani i ka waha. Me kēia ʻano hana, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻoweliweli, ʻaʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mea kaua nui, no laila e pale aku ai i kona mau niho mai ka hōʻino maikaʻi ʻia. No laila, aneane paʻakikī loa e hoʻohele ʻia i kahi ʻōpua i kahi kūlana kūlohelohe.
Aia kekahi kānāwai i ʻike ʻia i ka wā i mālama ʻia kahi kime ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ma loko o ka zoo i ola no 29 makahiki, e kaʻana me ka anaconda kahi palapala o ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā nahesa.
Lapa ʻia Kina a i ʻole Taiwan
Monika Monople
Palapala Lele
Kī palapa a pelu paha
ʻOlopa ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
Kākala ʻo Pilipo
Andaman cobra
Samara cobra a Peters cobra paha
Kuhiuwa Indochinese
ʻEha a i ʻole nā ʻoniʻoni melemona
Kahi a i ʻole Sumatran Spitting Cobra
ʻAlau Angolan
Kaʻi ʻia ka pua
Kēlā ʻōpūʻehā
Kuwaea Senegalese
Mesir cobra
Kapo Kuhau
Pākuʻu wai kahe
ʻO ka cobra wai wai Congolese a i ʻole o Christie cobra
ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele a ulana paha ka nahele
Burrows a multi-eded cobra
Nui kahi momi cobra
Mozambique Spitting Cobra
ʻAmelika Komohana a i ʻole Malian Spitting Cobra
Zebra Sphere Cobra (Naja nigricincta nigricincta)
Kaʻu Pila (Naja nigricincta woodi)
Pāleaua ʻāʻī a paʻa
Nubian Spitting Cobra
Kaapa ʻana i ka ʻaile
South Africa Flap Cobra (Cape Coral) Aspidelaps lubricus lubricus
Kūkulu ʻAmelika Hema ʻAlapa (Cole) Aspidelaps lubricus cowlesi
Kūpua maʻamau
Kulu huile
King cobra a hamadriad paha
ʻOʻAlea a iʻa Kai Wood
ʻO ka ʻōpū lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole paha
Kuku piʻu
Ke kuʻi ʻana i ka cobra puaʻa i ka hue ma ka ellipse
Kūkulu ʻia kahi cobra nui e like me ka mea pôpeku i ke wā kime. I ka loaʻa ʻana, ua kau ka ʻokiʻoki i kāna poʻo i lalo o ka mea i make.
Ke kanaka ʻokiʻoki (hoʻonaʻauao manuahi o ka ʻ oflelo manuahi) o ke kumu lāʻau kūlohelohe o ke Kulanui ʻo Washburn (ʻO University ʻO Washburn, Kansas, USA), ʻo ia ka mea i kaukaʻi ʻo Bruce Young iā ia iho e kau i kona poʻo ma lalo o ka mana o ka lawena cobras. I ka nui aʻe o ka leʻaleʻa nui, loaʻa iā ia nā ʻikepili pololei i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana a ka nahesa i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai.
E makapo i ka enemi e hoola
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā cobras i kahi māka hana kūpilikiʻi. Ina lakou e hoouka hou ia e kahi enemi nui, he mea hiki ole ke ai, kuilahi lakou i ke kahawai o na mea make i loko ona. Aia ka pae kiko e hiki ai i ka m 2. Mālama ʻia ka pahuhopu o nā nahe - ka maka o ka mea lawehala. A loaʻa lākou iā ia me ka pololei kupaianaha a mai kahi mamao loa.
ʻO ka cobra ka pakano kahi hui pū ʻana o nā polypeptides toxic, nā enzyme a me nā protein me nā mea kūlohelohe kūikawā. ʻO nā polypeptides nui loa i hōʻalo ʻia he mau neurotoxin I a me ke ʻano neurotoxin II, ka mea e hōʻeha ai i nā hōʻeha a me nā ʻōpū hanu. Inā e komo ana i loko o kou mau maka, e hāloi ka make i ka hōʻeha nui a hoʻomālamalama ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka makapō. Ma hope mai, ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka maka i loko o ke koko, e hoʻohewa ʻia ka hākū i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole lākou maʻa mau.
ʻEpekema ʻepekema
No ka noiʻi noiʻi, ua hopu ʻo Kauka Young i kekahi mau kanaka pākeke - nā mālamalama ʻulaʻula ulaula, nui a ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo a me ka keʻokeʻo.
Ma ka hapa mua o ka hoʻokolohua, hoʻowalewale ʻo Dr. Young i ka nahesa i ka neʻe ʻana o kona poʻo ma hope o nā nahe. Ma ka hōʻike iā Dr. Young he mea kūikawā e hoʻopili ʻia ai i ka kamepiula a hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ke neʻe o ke poʻo o ke kauka ʻo Dr. Young a me ka nahe. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka hoʻokolohua me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka waha o ka nahesa i mea e ʻike ai i nā ʻalāʻau e mālama ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā ʻona.
ʻIke pololei i nā maka ʻelua
I ka hoʻololi koke ʻana i ke kūlana o Dr. Young, ua hahai kekahi ʻōpio iā ia. Inā kū i ka ʻōkeke ʻeke, hoʻomau ka neʻe o ka nahe i kona poʻo mai kēlā ʻaoʻao. Wahi a ka ʻepekema, ua like kēia mau neʻe me nā hana a kahi mea pāʻani pīpī e ho'āʻo nei e huki a lele hewa i ka ʻenemi ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka pōpō i loko o ka hīnaʻi. A laila, ma kahi o ka lua ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka pehu, hoʻomaka ka nahe i ka ʻalā o kona poʻo me nā ʻūlū o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī a hoʻomau i ka neʻe ʻana, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka wai. Wahi a like, ua pehu ka pueo i ke ʻano o nā ellipses intersecting, e hiolo ana me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena i ka ihu o ka ʻenemi, a i nā maka ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hoʻokuʻu ai ka kile i nā mea make i ke ʻano no ka he jet, akā he neʻe. Paʻi ʻia nā ʻūhā koʻikoʻi i nā kime salivary ma ke ʻano ka lilo ʻana o ke kahawai i loko o kahi ʻōpio. Eia kekahi, hana kēia mau uaua me kahi ikaika o ke kahe e hiki ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 m, ʻo ia hoʻi, kokoke i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā maka o ka ʻenemi.
ʻOiai ka mea o ka maka o Bruce Young i pale ʻia e kahi visor iʻike ʻia, e nānā ka mea hōʻike.
Ua paʻi ʻia nā hualoaʻa noiʻi ma ka kumuhana o Ianuali o ka Journal of Physiological and Biochemical Zoology.