| Nā ʻaumea: | ʻO ke ola kahi papa hana o kēlā me kēia lā i nā hopena. ʻO Migratory Birds kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i kahi wahine, ʻo ka hopena o kāna keiki e hilinaʻi nei ma kāna koho.
Ua haʻalele ʻo Julia i kona ʻāina i 20 mau makahiki i hala a ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻi hou mai ma laila. A laila hāpai ʻia ʻo ia. I kēia mau makahiki āpau, ʻaʻole ia i mālama me ka ʻohana. Ua neʻe ʻo Julia i Pokia a noho i kēia mau makahiki me ka hauʻoli a hānai i kāna keiki. Akā ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka pilikia. Aia nō ke keiki i kahi kūlana kūpono ʻole a ke kali nei ʻo ia i kahi hale paʻahao. Hoʻoweliweli ka wahine a ʻaʻole maopopo a pehea e kōkua aku ai i ke keiki, akā no ka hoʻopakele ʻana ua mākaukau ʻo ia no kēlā me kēia mea.
Ua hoʻoholo nā poʻe limahana o nā lawelawe kūikawā e hoʻopaʻa pono i ka moku'āina o ko lākou makuahine. ʻO 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua alakaʻi ʻo ka makuakāne o Julia i kekahi o nā hui hewa hewa i kaua i ke kaona. I kēia mau makahiki āpau, e mālama maoli nei ka ʻimi maoli no ke kāne, akā ʻaʻohe kanaka i hiki ke hopu i kahi mana hewa. Ke huli nei kēia mau mea hana kānāwai no Julia no ke kōkua, a ma ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana ua hōʻoia ʻia lākou i ke kūʻokoʻa no kāna keiki. Pono ka wahine e hoʻi i kona home, hoʻokumu i ka pilina me kona makuakāne, kahili ʻo ia iā ia iho a hilinaʻi i ka ʻike a pau e pili ana iā ia i nā lawelawe malu.
Nā manu lele
Ma ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana i ka manawa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manu i loko o ka noho ʻana, e hele ana, a i ʻole hekratory. Eia kekahi, ma lalo o nā kūlana, hiki i nā manu, e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ke ʻoki ʻia mai nā wahi āpau ʻole me ke hoʻi ʻana mai, a i ʻole a i ʻole hoʻopio ʻia i loko o nā wahi ma waho o ko lākou wahi noho maʻamau, ʻaʻole pili kēia mau huki me ka neʻe. Pākuʻi ʻia a i ʻole ka hoʻopuka ʻana me nā loli kūlohelohe i ke kaʻe o ke kula - ke ahi ahi, deforestation, kahaha o nā pahū, etc., a i ʻole me ka neʻe ʻana o kekahi ʻano i kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi ma kahi wahi palena ʻole. Ma lalo o nā ʻano maʻamau, e koi ʻia nā manu e ʻimi i kahi wahi hou, a ʻaʻole e pili ʻia ka neʻe like me ke ʻano o ko lākou ola a me nā ʻano o ke kai. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā hoʻolaha i nā kumu hoʻopuka - ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻano o nā ʻano i nā wahi i kapa ʻole ʻia ai lākou ma mua. ʻO ka mea hope, no ka laʻana, aia i kahi hōkū maʻamau. ʻAno hiki ʻole ke ʻōlelo pololei me ka hapanui o kekahi manu i hoʻoponopono paʻa ʻia, ʻaihola ʻole, a he migratory paha: nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole, a me nā manu o ka nohona like ʻole, hiki ke ʻano ʻē. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka wren ma ka hapa nui o ka laulā, a me ka aneane ʻo ʻEulopa a me ka Komisina Circumpolar a me Aleutian mokupuni, e noho nei, ma Kanada a me ke komohana o ka United States e piʻihiʻa nei no nā mamao lōʻihi, a ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Rūsia, ma Scandinavia a ma ka Far East he migratory. I loko o kahi hōkū maʻamau a i ʻole puru jay (Cyanocitta cristata) hiki ke kūlana i kahi like ma nā wahi like i nā manu i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo hema, hele mai kekahi ʻāpana mai ke kūkulu ʻākau, a noho paʻa kekahi hapa.
Mau ʻōpū
ʻO nā manu i kūpaʻa ʻia nā mea e pili ana i kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole neʻe i waho. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻano o kēia mau manu e noho ana i nā kūlana kahi i pili ʻole ai nā loli i ka wā i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai - nā ʻaluna a me nā haʻalulu subtropical. Ma nā pāpū kūloko a me ke kūkulu ʻākau, he liʻiliʻi nā manu like ʻole, ma nā synanthropes kūikawā, nā manu e noho kokoke a kokoke i kekahi kanaka a hilinaʻi iā ia: ka polū manuahi, ka manu pulupulu, kuniko hina, jackdaw a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi manu manuʻala, i kāhea ʻia semi-saddled, ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu, e neʻe nei i kahi mamao loa mai kona mau wahi kahu. - ma ka ʻāina o ka Lūkini Lūkini, ʻo ia mau manu me ka capercaillie, ka uka pōpoki, ke kīwaha ʻeleʻele, kahi hapa ʻumi a me ka oatmeal maʻamau. . ^ E Ha yM.
Nā manu ʻōlapa
He manu nā manu nomadic e neʻe mau mai kēlā wahi a kēia wahi i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu. ʻAʻole pili kēlā mau neʻe i ka pili ʻana i ka cyclicity a hilinaʻi kūʻokoʻa loa i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai.
Ma Lūkia, nā manu nomadic e pili ana i ka titmouse, nuthatch, jay, crossbill, pike, siskin, bullfinch, waxwing, etc.
Nā manu lele
Hana nā manu Migratory i kahi neʻe manawa maʻamau ma waena o nā wahi a me nā wahi hoʻoilo. Hiki i nā wahi hoʻi ke hoʻokō a kokoke i nā lōʻihi. Wahi a nā ornithologists, ʻo ka nui o ka lele lele o ka manu liʻiliʻi he 30 km / h, a no nā manu nui e pili ana i 80 km / h. Hoʻopa pinepine pinepine i nā ʻina he nui i ka hoʻomaha no ka hoʻomaha a me ka hānai. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka manu, ka mea pōkole i ka mamao e hiki ai iā lākou ke haku i hoʻokahi manawa: hiki i nā manu liʻiliʻi ke lele hoʻomau mau no 70 - 90 hola, ʻoiai e uhi ana i kahi mamao a hiki i 4000 km.
Nā ʻōkuhi Alaahi
- Hoʻokaʻawale ka hoʻokaʻawale.
- Nā Mīkini Rollover.
- Nā hele paʻa. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i ka lele, ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia nā pū me ke kō a me ke kau.
Hiki i ke neʻe i nā kahuli (mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi, ʻoiai ke mālama nei i ka ʻāina mākaʻikaʻi) a i ʻole i kuhikuhi pololei ʻia (i nā mauna a me nā ʻokoʻa.
Nā ʻōnaehana mokulele
ʻOkoʻa loa nā ʻōkuhi o ka lele i nā manu. No nā manu ma ka ʻākau ʻākau, he mea maʻamau e lele mai ka ʻākau (kahi i waiho ai nā manu) ma ka hema (kahi lākou i hibernate ai) a me kekahi hoʻi. ʻO kēlā neʻe me kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hū a me ke anawaena o ka ʻākau ʻākau. Kahi ʻia kēia relocation ma kahi o nā kumu, ʻo ia ka mea nui i ka nui o ke kumukūʻai - i ke kauwela ma nā kahiki ʻākau, e hoʻonui nui ana nā ao, kahi e loaʻa ai i nā manu ola i ke ao ka nui o nā manawa e hānai i kā lākou hua: hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano manu manu ulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou hua manu. I ka wā lulu, ke hoʻopōkole ʻia nā hola o ke ao, holo ka manu i nā wahi ʻoluʻolu, kahi o ka ʻai o ka meaʻai a hiki i nā lula.
Palapala palapala
- ↑ 12 Bogolyubov A. S., Zhdanova O. V., Kravchenko M. V. "Hoʻoiho puke ma ka ornithology. Nā hekahi o nā manu "Moscow," Ecosystem ", 2006 ma ka pūnaewele
- ↑Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ola Encyclopedia Britannica. Heluhelu i ka 2008-09-02
- ↑ ʻO Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, David A. Christie "Pūnaewele o nā manu o ke ao, Vol. 10: ʻO Cuckoo-Shrikes e piʻi ʻia »Lynx Edicions. 2005. ISBN 84-87334-72-5
- ↑ ʻO ka Prairie Wildlife Research Center Hūlū o nā manu. Nā Kūlana Geographic o ka Migration. Heluhelu 2007-09-02
- ↑ 12 Berthold, P. 1993. Holo o ka manu: he loiloi laulā. ʻO Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
- ↑ 12 ʻO Thomas Alerstam "Bird Migration" ʻo Cambridge University Press
- ↑Holo mua manu Birditetet i Oslo. Heluhelu 2007-09-02
Pūnaewele Wikimedia. 2010.
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