| Sacral vertebrae archeopteryx ʻaʻole lākou i ulu pū, ʻoiai i nā manu o kēia wā ka lumbar, sacral, a me kahi ʻāpana o ka caphal vertebrae fuse i loko o hoʻokahi iwi - he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi. He kuo palaoa archeopteryx nona ka 5 vertebrae, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nui o ka vertebrae sacral o nā dinosaurs. ʻO ka umauma sacral o nā manu o kēia mau lā e komo i ka 1 vertebra, ʻo ia kahi o nā ʻōpū kuʻina. ʻO 21-23 o ka caudal vertebrae o ka archeopteryx i hana i kahi oho ʻoi ka lōʻihi. I nā manu o kēia mau wā, hoʻopili ʻia ka cebraal vertebrae i loko o ka iwi hoʻokahi - ka pygostyle, e lawelawe ʻia ana he kākoʻo no ka hulu o ka huelo. | 
ʻaʻano o ka archeopteryx
Iā ʻia archeopteryx me nā ʻōnaehana kīwī ʻole, ka mea i nā manu o kēia mau lā e hāʻawi i ka ikaika o ka umauma, e paʻa pū ana i nā ʻāpana. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, nā kihi archeopteryx Loaʻa nā ʻōleʻa o ka ventral, e like me nā mea he nui o ka reptile, e komo pū ana me nā dinosaurs, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā manu o kēia mau lā.
E like me nā manu o kēia mau lā a me nā dinosaurs, nā clavicles archeopteryx paio i hana i kahi pākuʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole i ulu nui nā iwi o nā iwi pelvic (iliac, sciatic a pubic) ma Archeopteryx ma hoʻokahi iwi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano o nā manu ʻenehana hou.
Nā iwi ʻōpala archeopteryx huli hoʻi i hope, e like me nā dinosaurs, akā ʻaʻole nā manu hou. ʻAʻole hoʻi e like me nā manu o kēia wā, nā iwi polic archeopteryx ua hoʻopau me ka hoʻonui ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka "boot", he mea maʻamau no ka dinosaurs. Eia kekahi, e like me ka dinosaurs, nā pili o nā iwi polic e pili pono ana, e hoʻopili ana i kahi symphysis pubic nui, i loko o nā manu hou i ka hala ʻole ka pubic symphysis. No nā wā lōʻihi archeopteryx i hoʻopau me nā manamana lima piha i ulu ʻia. ʻEkolu mau manamana lima archeopteryx hana ʻia e ʻelua, ʻekolu a ʻehā phalanges, kēlā, me ka dinosaurs. ʻAno manakia archeopteryx i hoʻopau me nā puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi. Ma ka pulima archeopteryx aia kahi ʻano ʻōiwi lime o ka ʻōpū o nā manu o kēia wā, i ʻike ʻia i nā dinosaurs. ʻAʻole ulu nui nā iwi o ka pūwaha a me nā iwi o ka metacarpus i loko o ka iwi maʻamau, ʻaʻole like me nā manu.
Mai nā mea a pau i wehewehe ʻia e pili ana i kēlā archeopteryx he lōʻihi loa ke ʻano o nā kūloko. Ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia e like me ka dinosaur.
Hoʻomumu o Archeopteryx:
ʻO nā mīkina lima ka mea nui e hoʻonaninani ai. archeopteryx me he mea e pili ana i ka manu. Loaʻa ka palaka me nā hulu manu i mālama ʻole ʻia. Ke mālama nei i nā hui archeopteryx i hana ʻia e ka lehu pele, kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā holoholona āpau. Kūpono archeopteryx i ka like like me ka plumage o nā manu ʻānele a i hala ʻole.
Archeopteryx nona ka lele wheel, ka hoʻokele manuahi (functionally important for flight), and contour feather e uhi ana i ke kino. Lele a hulu manu manu archeopteryx ka hoʻonohonoho like ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i nā ʻulu hulu o nā manu (ka hulu manu, nā ʻōkuhi mua mua a me nā pahu pīkoi lua, me nā pahu pā mai ia mau mea). Kāleʻa archeopteryx hōʻike ʻia e ka asymmetry o ka mea pā, ka mea maʻamau no nā manu ʻenike i hiki ke lele. ʻOi aku ka hulu o ka huʻu no asymmetrical.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻana i nā manu o kēia mau lā i ʻike ʻia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻēheu - kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa maluhia i nā hulu ma nā kuʻekuʻe o nā mua. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino archeopteryx ʻaʻole maikaʻi i wehewehe ʻia, e ʻike pono ʻia ma ka pākana pono i mālama ʻia ʻo Berlin. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona archeopteryx ua ʻaʻo ia ʻo "nā pūlule" o nā hulu ulu paʻa i kona mau wāwae, ʻo ke ʻano o kekahi o lākou he mau ʻokoʻa (no ka laʻana, ua nalo nā barbs, e like me nā ratites), aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he ikaika nō, e ʻae ʻia ka lele ʻana. Ma ka kua aia kekahi ʻaoʻao o nā hulu contour, symmetrical a ikaika hoʻi (ʻaʻole naʻe e koi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā hulu manu lele), like like me ka hulu o nā manu manu hou. ʻO ke koena o ka hulu o ka specimen o Berlin archeopteryx ke ʻano o ka "pseudo-downy" ʻano a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia mai nā kikoʻī o Integumentary o ka dinosaur Sinosauropteryx: palupalu, pālahalaha ʻia a pēlā paha a ka like ka like me ka hulu - ua uhi lākou i nā koena ʻē aʻe o ke kino (kahi i mālama ʻia ai lākou), a me ka ʻāpana ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka plumage ma luna o ke kua a me ke poʻo. archeopteryx. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOiai ua hala ʻole lākou, e like me ka lehulehu manu dinosaur, inā paha nele kēia i ka mālama ʻana i nā kuʻuna: ʻoiai ke kuhi nei ka hapa nui o nā spésimens. archeopteryx ua hāʻule ʻo ia i loko o nā pōhaku iʻa ʻia ma hope o kekahi manawa ma luna o ke kai, ʻauʻau ʻana i kona kua. ʻO ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo ke kū pinepine i lalo i lalo, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo archeopteryx ia lākou e hoʻomaka nei e hoʻopuka aʻe i ka wā i kanu ʻia ai lākou. Ua hoʻomaha ʻia nā ʻāʻī a me nā ʻāʻī a ua lawe nā kino i ke ʻano o ka ʻike ākea. A e ano ia ana ua hooluulu ae la ka ili a hui ae la ia manawa. Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia manaʻo e ka manaʻo o kekahi, i kekahi mau spīkē, hoʻomaka ka hulu manu i hāʻule i ka manawa o ka hoʻoluhoʻi ʻana i ka pōhaku sedimentary. No laila hiki ke hāʻule maʻalahi i ka hulu o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, ʻoiai e paʻa mau ana ka hulu o kahi ʻili huluhulu.
Huli a hoʻolālā paha:
Hoʻohālikelike ka huluhulu o nā hulu archeopteryx nona nā ʻāina aerodynamic e pono ai no ka lele. Akā archeopteryx ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ka hiki ke lele manu, ʻ ,lo hou a piha ʻole, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano o nā lele a me ka lele. ʻAʻohe mea ʻae i waena o nā mea noiʻi e pili ana i ka pilikia o ka archeopteryx hiki ke lele ikaika a hoʻolālā paha i ka hoʻolālā.
Kuhi o archeopteryx ka keel, supracoracoid tendon, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kihi poʻohiwi o ka ʻāʻī poʻohiwi a me ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻēheu wīwī, e like me ka poʻe noiʻi, i hōʻike ʻia archeopteryx hiki wale ia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka lele. ʻO ka oriental lateral o ka hui ma waena o ka scapula, coracoid a me ka humerus e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole hiki i ka Archeopteryx ke hiki ke hāpai i nā ʻēheu ma luna o ke kua o ke kua. Ua kau ʻia kahi hōʻike hoʻohālikelike me kona lele ʻana i hoʻolālā ʻia me ka neʻe liʻiliʻi ʻana o ka eheu me ka ʻole o kahi ʻōpiopio. Hoʻomaopopo nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe archeopteryx ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa mai ka maʻamau e hoʻolālā ana i nā manu i ke ʻano kino, a me ka nui o ka ʻēheu. Eia kekahi, hōʻike lākou i ka iwi sternum a i ka boomerang-like fork, a i ʻole plateacidus coracoid archeopteryx hiki iā ia ke lawelawe ma kahi o nā hoʻopili i mau ʻōpū o ka lele. Ua pau nā manaʻo o nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e archeopteryx ua hiki ke loaʻa kekahi ʻano holo
ʻOiai ke kālele archeopteryx ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia, akā, e hoʻihoʻi piha i ke kime hana he mea paʻakikī loa. No kēia kumu, ʻoiai ka nīnau o archeopteryx a i hoʻolālā paha no ka manawa lōʻihi e wehe.
Archeopteryx ke ola:
He mea paʻakikī ke kūkulu hou i kahi ola archeopteryx. ^ E Ha yM. Nui nā hana e pili ana i kēia. Ua ʻōlelo aku kekahi poʻe noiʻi archeopopop, ka mea, i hoʻoponopono ʻia ma ke ʻano he ala ʻē aʻe o ke ola, ʻoiai kekahi mau mea e hōʻike nei i ke ala o ke ola archeopteryx hānele. ʻO ke kū ʻole ʻole o nā kumulāka ʻaʻole kue ʻole i kēia alualu ʻana - ua ola wale kekahi mau manu manuahi i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa. Nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka morphology archeopteryx e hōʻike i ke ola terrestrial a me ke ola arboreal. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae a me nā wāwae elongated e ʻae i kekahi mau mea kākau e holo i ka hopena e pili ana i ka universal archeopteryxka mea hiki ke hānai i nā ʻāpana palu, a ma ka honua, a hiki i ke kahakai o nā kahawai. ʻO ka hapa paha o nā mea ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi archeopteryx hopu ae la i kona mau apana, ka poe e oi aku ana - claws.
Nā kūlike a me nā mea like me nā manu o kēia mau lā
- Pēlā ʻo ia e like me nā manu maʻamau, hānai i nā ʻōpala, nā iniseti a me nā ʻili liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole naʻe i kāohi waiho ma kona waha me na ihu mua.
- Iā mau ʻāpana ʻāpana hulu manu a hoʻokumu ʻia e nā collarbones " he maki "aka nae ua loaa no hoi ia nā niho a me ka huelo me 20 vertebrae e like me nā dinosaurs.
Mane manu?
ʻO Archeopteryx, ma muli o ka like like o nā manu a me nā dinosaurs, ua manaʻo lōʻihi loa ia i kahi nalo o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana. Eia naʻe, manaʻoʻiʻo nā poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ia ʻAʻole ia he kupuna o nā manu manu hou, akā kokoke loa ia i nā kai ʻaina terrestrial.
Ua hele lākou i kēia ma hope o ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻano anatomical he nui, hui pū ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi hui me ka Xiaotingia zhengi dinosaur.
“Hoʻolaulua kēia dinosaur i ka archeopteryx ma ke ʻano kino kino, he like kona like me ke ʻano, ke kāʻei ʻūhā lōʻihi, nā forelimb ikaika, a me ka like me ka pelvis” - e wehewehe ana i ke kumu alakaʻi o ke aʻo ʻana ma ka Chinese Academy of Science - Xing Xu.
Maanei ua ola ʻo kēia ʻano manu manu i 150 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Kōkua kōkua kōkua. E like akāhea i ke kahawai. ^ E Ha yM. I loko o ka honua o nā dinosaurs nui mau aku i nā mea hoihoi nui.
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