Swan - ʻaʻohe kanaka laha ʻaʻole i mahalo i ka nani o kēia manu. He nani maoli kona. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka manu hihiu me kahiʻano maikaʻiʻole e hūnā ma hope o ka helehelena maikaʻi o kahi pua.
ʻO Swans kekahi puaʻa o nā manu o ka ʻōlelo ʻo Anseriformes o ka ʻohana duck. I ka huina, ʻo ka genus he 7 mau ʻano. Noho lākou i ka hapanui o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia ma Rusia.
Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, he ʻanuʻu kahi manawaleʻa, pale ʻole, maikaʻi mea maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka hihiu, ʻaʻole pili pono ka manu i kahi kiʻi nani. He manu ʻoi loa kēia me ka hewa ʻole a he kino ʻino nō hoʻi. A hiki iā ia ke kū i luna nona!
Shag genus Wagler, 1832
ʻO nā nui ka liʻiliʻi, waena a nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 4 a 15 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka kaila mai ka 4 a he 10 cm. He nui ka pepeiao, e kuhi ana ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lauoho. Ua uhi ʻia ka huʻu i ka lauoho pōkole a me nā setae elongated laka. ʻAno ke kala, ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, hina a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻAʻole nā elele o mua. Nā Nipples 3 mau pai. Dental formula = 28, emi pinepine ʻia 26. Ke keʻokeʻo nā niho o nā niho. I kēlā me kēia hapa o ka huakaʻi o luna, 3 (i kekahi manawa 4) nā niho waena. I ka hoʻonohonoho diploid, loaʻa i kahi shrew maʻamau he 42 mau chromosome.
Noho noho o nā ʻano ʻāina like ʻole: nā nahele, nā ʻāpana, nā semi-deserto a me nā wao. ʻO ka hana ka hapa nui ʻana o ka nocturnal. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka palaka me ka ʻōlapa. ʻO ka wā hōʻemi mai ka lā Malaki a ʻOkakopa. Ma kahi o 28 mau lā ʻo Pregnancy. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, lawe mai ka wahine i kekahi mau mau mea lole. ʻO ka helu o nā cubs i ka litter mai 3 a 7 paha (i kekahi manawa mai 1 a 10). I ka wā'ōpiopio, e uhi piha ka lauoho i ke kino i ka lā 16. Kau nā maka ma ka lā 13. Ke kau nei i ke aniani ma ke kau he 2-3 mau makahiki.
Wae ʻia ma ʻApelika, Hema a me Central Eurasia i Iapana, Timor a me Ceylon ma ka hikina a me ka hema.
Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa ka ʻōnaehana o nā shrews a koi aku i ka hoʻoponopono nui. Kūkulu ʻia e nā hana a Ellerman lāua ʻo Morrison-Scott (1966), Stroganov (1957), Gromov et al. (1963), Bobrinsky et al. (1965), Ellerman, Morrison-Scott and Heiman (1953), Game de Balzac (1956a, 19566, 1957, 1958, 1968), Game de Balzac me Ellen (1958),ʻO Lori lāua ʻo Hill (Laurie a me Hill, 1954), Chaysen (Chasen, 1940), ʻo Taylor (Taylor, 1934) a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe, 148 mau ʻano shrews e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia.
Mokuna Shrew - Crocidura
Ka uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu i ka hulu, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lauoho elongated. He keʻokeʻo paha nā niho, ke kūliʻi nei nā pepeiao mai ka hulu. He ʻokoʻa loa ka kala kala ʻana.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike i nā shrew, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona aloha aloha. ʻO nā mea noho i ke alahele, nā lāʻau alahele, semi-wao.
Kūleʻa lākou i nā nissher spherical o ka mauʻu, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma nā ʻūhā rodent, ma lalo o nā pōhaku. Ma kahi o 28 mau lā ʻo Pregnancy. Hiki i nā kolamu ke nui i hoʻokahi makahiki, maʻamau mai 3-7 cubs. Hoʻokomo ka ʻōpala i nā makuahine i ka manawa lōʻihi, ma ka ʻāpana "ʻano" ma kahi o kēlā me kēia holoholona i kona mau niho ma ke kumu o ka huelo.
He ʻelima paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano ma Lūkini: ʻo ka shrew liʻiliʻi (Crocidura suaveolens), nā shrew keokeo i ʻole (Crocidura leucodon), ka Siberian shrew (Crocidura sibirica), ka shrew nui (Crocidura lasiura) a me ka shrew lōʻihi (Crocidura gueldensted).
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka inoa Lūkini inoa o ka ʻanoʻano he huaʻōlelo mai ke ʻano he "hūnā, twitter, buzz." Hoʻomaopopo kēia i nā leo a nā holoholona i hana ai i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua me kekahi. Hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa Lūkini o ka genus i ka lāʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i luna o nā poʻo o nā niho.
Hoʻolaha i nā ʻano o ke ʻano o ka niho, he mea paʻakikī ia no ka mea kau. Hoʻolaha maikaʻi ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana i kēia lā, i kēia lā ua ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kikoʻī, e like me kekahi o ia mau ʻōlelo he ʻekolu kolu.
Wikiō: Shrew
Akā e like me kekahi - ʻehā:
- ʻano o ka mea ʻike ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi shrew liʻiliʻi (Sorex minutissimus) - ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mauʻu ʻuku liʻiliʻi loa i Rūsia a me ka lua ma ka honua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi ʻāwili manu.
- ʻO ka subgenus Sorex, nona ka shrew maʻamau, ʻo ia ka shrew (Sorex araneus) - ka mea maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka henua a me ka mamala nui loa ma ʻElopa,
- ʻO subgenus Ognevia me ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa - ka shrew giant (Sorex mirabilis),
- ka Otisorex subgenus ka hapanui o nā ʻenehana ʻAmelika Hema a me ka mammal kūloko liʻiliʻi - ʻo ka American dwarf shrew (Sorex hoyi).
Noho ka hala ʻo Fossil mai ka Eocene i luna - ʻo ka manawa i kū ʻia ai nā kauoha mammalian hou.
Pane
ʻO ka holoholona ʻoi ka holoholona he sharf shrew, he mammal o ka ʻohana shrew. ʻAʻole ia e oi aku i kahi o ʻehā mau ʻelima kenimita ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole e helu ana i ka huelo, hiki ke piʻi a ʻekolu mau ʻelima hapa ʻumi o ka sima kenimika ka lōʻihi, a kaupaona i kahi kihi he ʻumi ʻumi hapa o ka pā. E luku aku ana ka holoholona i nā pepeke maikaʻi loa. ʻEʻai ʻekolu a ʻehā ʻehā i kona kaupaona i kēlā me kēia lā. (ʻaʻole i maopopo ka hopena, akā ..) 70- kanahiku
Koi ola ʻole
Swans pinepine ʻia ʻo "manu aliʻi." A ʻo ka "monarch" hulu ka mea i hōʻoia i ka inoa nui. Ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana, e like me kahi moku hanohano, e kahe ana i nā nalu. A inā ʻike ka mea kānalua i ka nui, a laila e aʻo koke nō ia i ka ikaika o kahi beak a me nā ʻēheu ikaika. ʻAi pinepine ka mōʻī o ka manu i nā kūhaka, ʻese a me nā wai wai.
Ma ke ala, kahi e pono ai e hana me nā manu lapuwale. He manu nui ka ʻōpū. No ka kimeʻana, ua loaʻa nā ʻēheu o ka puʻu mute i nā mika 2,5 mika, a ʻo ka paona o kēlā me kēia kanaka e hōʻea i 20 kilograms a keu paha!
ʻO kekahi mau manawa e loaʻa i nā ʻohana wai wai i ka mālama ʻole. Aia ma mua o kahi kūlana i ʻike ʻia i ka wā i hoʻoili ʻia ai kahi mōʻī manu manu i nā ʻōpio a me nā kuihi.
ʻO nā ducks, ka mea, ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ke hiki ʻole ke repulse i ka mea hoʻokae hoʻokiʻekiʻe, ʻoi loa ke loaʻa. Wahi a nā moʻolelo o nā mea hopu, he mau kānaka hānai i nā kīpoki pālolo āpau e kokoke ana i kahi kōʻai.
Hana maikaʻi ʻia nā swan e kū wale nei i loko o ka hale ʻauamo, akā aia nō hoʻi i ke kai. Hoʻopilikia ka mea i hoʻouluulu ʻia i nā pua o nā manu ʻē aʻe me ka kali ʻole. ʻOiai kā ka helu helu helu ʻana i ka hoʻopilikia ʻole iā ia.
ʻAʻole maopopo loa ka pili ʻana o kēia ʻano hana. ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo ka mea ka nui o ka waihona kālā. Ma kekahi loko nui, hui pū nā swan me nā wai wai ʻole e loaʻa kekahi pilikia. Akā ua manaʻo ʻo ia i ka loko o ke kaona a me nā kaʻe liʻiliʻi paha i liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ke kaʻana me ia i nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole hoaaloha ʻo Swan i ke kāne
ʻAʻohe mea i haʻi aku iā Swan ʻo ke kanaka ke lei aliʻi o ke ʻano. No laila, ʻā pinepine ka manu e pili ana iā Homo sapiens me ka hana haʻaheo, haʻaheo a me ka palaualelo. Hoʻokahi ʻo ia i nā mea ʻauʻau lone, e hoʻouka i nā lawaiʻa a me nā hoʻomaha hoʻomaha ma kahakai.
Hoʻohui i kēia nā kumu uku o kā mākou kanaka koa: ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lūlū ma ka mahiʻai, no ka mea paʻa i nā māla o nā kauwela o nā kauwela a me nā kahakai, ua ulu nui ʻo ia me kāna hana.
ʻAʻole ʻo ia makemake i nā holoholona i hānai ʻia e nā kānaka: nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻihi wai loko. ʻO ka hele ʻana aku i nā ʻīlio. I loko o lākou, ʻike ka poʻe puaʻa i kahi hoʻoweliweli pololei i kā lākou poʻe mamo.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he waiwai ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka swan i kahi ʻano luhi ʻole i nā kānaka. ʻO ka mea mua, instincts. A ʻo ka lua, e nānā i ka mea i hoʻohuli ai nā kānaka i nā kahakai o nā loko a me nā muliwai! Inā he manu ʻoe, e kūlī ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa ʻeha a pepehi i nā puaʻa :)
Maikaʻi maikaʻi me nā lima
Ma Tale o Tsar Saltan, ʻo ke kaikamahine pale ʻole nona e kokoke ke kolohe ke kolohe. Eia no naʻe, ma ka hihiu, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi ka mea ʻole i ka hewa. He manu ikaika kēia ikaika e hiki ai ke pale i ka mea kokoke i kekahi mea e ʻike ʻia.
Me ka pā o ka ʻēheu, hiki i ka pūlaki ke kuʻi i kahi pōkole a i ʻole he ʻīlio ʻōpiopio. A pinepine ʻo ia i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka poʻe mea hoʻopuka. ʻAʻohe manu a nā manu o ka hopu ʻia i ka puaʻa pakeke. Me ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o nā ʻano nui a nā aeto a me nā aeto gula.
ʻO ka hapa nui a ʻā nā poʻe ʻōpio i hāʻule i ka pōpilikia. Hoʻopilikia maoli nā Swans. ʻO kekahi manawa ʻaʻole wale nā manu o ka waiwai a me ka mammale e hoʻoponopono hou iā lākou, akā, ʻo nā iʻa kai nui e like me ka pike a me ka iʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka shrew?
ʻO nā holoholona ma ke nānā mua e like me nā kiʻi, akā no kahi ʻāpana like ʻole - insectivores. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino ma ke ʻano he hoʻokolokolo like ʻokoʻa mai ka ʻiole. ʻO ka mea mua, ke poʻo nui i ke poʻo ākea me kahi muzzle i hūnā ʻia i kahi proboscis i hoʻololi ʻia. Huli ka holoholona iā lākou, sniffing a me ka huli i ka waiwai. He liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, huluhulu mai ka huluhulu. He mikroskopili nā maka, he piha ʻole.
Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo iā lākou i ka aniani o ka ʻuhane, a laila ʻaʻole ane kahi uhane o ka ʻūlio - pono wale nō nā manaʻo a pau o ka holoholona i ka ʻai ʻo kēlā me kēia lā. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā mau holoholona liʻiliʻi ke lilo i ka wela wela i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā mea nunui, makemake mau lākou i ka lako o nā kaʻina metabola e holo nei i kahi wikiwiki. "ʻO ka mea kaupaona - ʻo ia ka nui o ka meaʻai" he kānāwai maʻamau no nā poʻe mahana wela. ʻO nā pēpē he 32 mau niho, e like me nā kānaka, akā nā lōʻihi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Hoʻololi ʻia nā niho wai i ka mea mau ʻia ma ke kōpine, no laila e hānau ʻia kekahi holoholona piha pono me nā niho āpau.
ʻO ka loa o ke kino (a i ʻole ka wī) i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole mai ka 4 cm i loko o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa, a hiki i 10 cm i kahi ʻokaʻoki nui, ke kaupaona o ke paona mai ka 1,2 - 4 g a 14 g, ma ia manawa. ʻO ka laulā maʻamau, no ka laʻana o ka ʻūhā maʻamau he 6-9 cm, me kahi huelo o 3-5-5 cm. Ua uhi ʻia ke kino me ka hulu pua ka ʻili kūleʻa kūlū ʻana, i hiki ʻole i ka pua ke kahi huki "kūʻē i ka lole." He ʻulaʻulaele ka kala o ka hulu ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna, a ʻulaʻula a hina paha ka paʻakai i ka holoholona ma ka lepo, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa loa ka hina o ke kino.
Hiki i ka lāʻī ke lilo i ka pōkole a kokoke i ke kino paha, ke uhi ʻia me nā lauoho sparse. Ma nā ʻaoʻao a ma ke kumu o ka huelo, aia ka maʻamau i nā kinipona e hūnā i ka peʻa koʻikoʻi o ka musky pale e pale aku ai i nā kahe mai nā mea hāʻawi. Loaʻa i nā wahine he 6 a 10 mau nipples. Aia nā kāne, aia nā hoʻokolohua ma loko o ke kino, a hiki i ke kaʻi copulative ke hiki i 2/3 o ka lōʻihi o ke kino.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: He ʻulaʻula o ka shrew e like me ka elongated triangle - ua pālahalaha loa ia kēlā me kēia wahi e pili ana i ka cerebral a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ihu, no laila, ua like nā ʻāʻī o nā ʻōpala. Ma ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoemi ke ʻōpala, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka nui o ka lolo, a hoʻonui i ke kauwela (i kapa ʻia ʻo "Danel effect"). ʻO ka lolo ka 10% o ka paona o ka holoholona holoʻokoʻa a ʻoi kēia ʻoi i ka nunui ma mua o ke kanaka a i ʻole keʻoleʻa. ʻO ka mea, pono ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia me ka meaʻai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lolo.
ʻAuhea ke noho nei ka shrew?
Hoʻi kiʻi: Shrew ma Rūsia
Hoʻopili ʻia ka laulā o ka genus i nā ʻāpana subarctic a me ke anilana o nā ʻāina mau a pau o nā ʻāpana ʻākau. I nā ʻāina hema, e like me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a i ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia, ua loaʻa nā shrews i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe.
Kahi pane maʻamau - ka ʻona lawaiʻa ka mau akamai a hoʻoweliweli ʻia i ke ola ma nā ʻano kūlohelohe mai ka ʻākau o ke kuahiwi a me nā wahi mākaukau, kahi e koho ai i nā waipuna kahawai a me nā wahie mauʻu lōʻihi no ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana. ʻAʻole makemake nā holoholona i nā wahi ākea, hiki ʻole ke kū pololei i ka lā maka - ʻoiai ko lākou mau mea aloha punahele e hoʻomalū mau ana a hoʻomaloʻo. I ka hoʻoilo, noho lākou ma lalo o kahi papa o ka hau, aneane ʻole me ke hele ʻole i ka papa.
Ma waena o Rūsia, ʻike nā ʻū maʻamau i nā wahi a pau i nā ulu lāʻau a me nā pā o nā māla, kaomi nui loa, me kahi kāwele hohonu a me kahi papa o nā ʻōpala lāʻau. Noho lākou i nā kahawai kū mālie e kū ana i nā māla lau o ke kahakai, kokoke i nā māka. Akā ke pinepine pinepine nei i ka hoʻōla i nā keʻena ʻaina kauwela, i hōʻoia ʻia e nā pēpē, e lawe ana iā lākou e like me ka waiwai pio. Hoʻihoʻi pinepine iā lākou i nā hale kanaka i ka pō o ka hoʻoilo, ke hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i loko o nā hale.
Mea hoʻonaʻauao: ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ke kai a me nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomau i nā ala ʻino o ka Siberia waena, ʻoiai, e manaʻo nei, pono lākou e huli i nā wahi mahana. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi o ka shrew abu ʻAmelika (Sorex cinereus) i ka nui o ke kino o nā holoholona, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻākau e noho ai lākou. Kūʻole kēia i ke aupuni Bergman kaulana, e like me ke ʻano o ka nui o nā kānaka i nā wahi anu o ka ʻāina.
ʻĀnō ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi i loaʻa ai ka shrew. E nānā nā mea e ʻai ai kēia holoholona.
He aha kahi mea ʻaina shrew?
Kuhi: Shrew mai loko o ka Red Red Book
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, alakaʻi ʻia nā shrews e ke ʻano nui o ka ʻā a me ka lohe hōʻino ʻana, aia kekahi mau ʻano echolocation. ʻO ka meaʻai ʻo nā holoholona, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kalaka, ʻo ke kumu o ka meaʻai. ʻAi ka mea wī i nā mea a pau a hiki iā ia ke hopu a ʻuʻuku me kāna mau niho koʻikoʻi.
- nā mea ʻai i nā manawa āpau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka coleoptera, nā pelter a me nā lepidopterans, ʻoi aku ka ʻai i ka ʻai.
- pūnāwale
- Honolauleau
- nā mollusks, a me nā slugs, kahi e ulia ai nā ʻōpala,
- nā hāmeʻa ʻē aʻe, no laila, ʻike ʻia a kivsyaki, ka mea e ʻai ʻia e kekahi ʻūlū nunui,
- ʻ rodlio pipi
- ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi,
- ka ʻaina, e like me ka manu a iʻa paha
- ʻoiai he hopena hope loa, ke hana nei ia ma ke kanalima, e ʻai ana i kāna mau keiki ponoʻī,
- i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopau i nā meaʻai mea kanu, ma nā ʻano kanu coniferous, hiki i ka hapalua o kaʻai.
- ʻai i ka ʻalopeke a me ka hana puʻu ʻana.
I ka huli ʻana i ka mea ʻai, ua ʻokiʻī ʻo ia i nā wahi ʻāpana ma ka hau. ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai i ʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā he mau manawa ma mua o ka paona o ka holoholona ponoʻī.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: maʻamau Shrew
ʻO ke hoalauna pili pili i ka honua kūlohelohe, ke shrew maʻamau, ua aʻo ʻia ʻē nā. Ma kāna hoʻohālike, e noʻonoʻo pehea e noho ai kēia mau holoholona a me kā lākou hana. ʻĀ nā ahulau a koʻikoʻi. ʻOiai ʻo nā wāwae palupalu, hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka nahele a me ka ʻōpala o nā nahele, nā ʻilo ma lalo o ka pā i hāʻule a me ka palaina, hiki ke piʻi i nā lāʻau, ka ʻauʻau a me ka pīhoihoi. ʻAʻole ia i eli i nā lua, akā hoʻohana i nā kākāina o lalo o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole makemake i ka manaʻo o ka mea nona. Kuhi ʻia ka poli momona e ka noi o ka ʻōpū a me ka make mai ka pōloli i ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o ka mea i ʻoi loa ma mua o nā niho o kahi mea hānau. ʻAʻohe mea ʻai, make ia ma hope o 7 - 9 mau hola, a me nā hua liʻiliʻi heʻe ma hope o 5.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hapa o ka manawa, ʻo 66.5%, holo ka holoholona i ka neʻe a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana no ka hoʻopale mau. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, hiamoe ana, a ma hope o ka hiamoe ʻana, hele ʻo ia no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai a me kēlā mau ʻano leole i ka wā hiki i ka 9 a hiki i ka 15, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi iki o kēia pōʻai ke uku iā ia i kona ola. I ka huli ʻana, hele ʻo ia a hiki i ka 2.5 km i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka wā e hoʻihoʻi ʻia, neʻe ka meaʻai i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
I ka hoʻoilo, a pēlā hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoemi ka ʻūhā i ka hana, akā ʻaʻole hibernate. ʻAʻole hiki i ka pēpē ke hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻoilo a hoʻomehana ʻia i loko o ka frosts. Kīhoihoi, ola maʻamau ʻo ia a hiki i ka wai. ʻO Shedding e hana nei ma ʻApelila - Mei a me Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa, e like me ka poʻe āpau o nā wahi me kahi ākau kūloko. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomālamalama ka ʻili o ka ʻili. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā kani e like me nā squeaks, nā tweets a i ʻole nā lau nūhou paha. Kūkala nui lākou ma kahi hālāwai a hakakā ma hope.
Mea ʻoi loa: e ʻai ka mea liʻiliʻi i nā manawa he 120 i kēlā me kēia lā i kēlā me kēia 10 i ka 50 mau minuke. Eia kekahi, noho ʻo ia i kahi anu anu i Eurasia ma mua o kahi shrew maʻamau.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: Young shrew
ʻAʻole noho a nā pōlani a ke hui nei lākou i ka huhū, e kūʻē ana i kēlā me kēia me ka uwē a me ka mea e hoʻokuʻi mai i ko lākou honu. Hoʻokahi wale ka kāne a wahine ʻole no ka manawa pōkole no ka ʻaʻa ʻana, ma loko o kahi hiʻona maʻamau ke hiki i 3 a 4 mau wā mai ʻApelila a ʻOkakopa.
Ma hope o ka hālāwai, ʻike ka wahine i kahi ʻōpala kahiko, kahi puʻupuʻu, kahi ʻōpala, kahi lua a ʻoi paha kahi pahu o ka lūlū a hana i kahi ʻōpala, mauʻu a i nā lau paha. Ua puni ka papa me ka ana o 8-10 cm ke anawaena. Ma hope o ʻekolu mau pule, e hānau ai ka wahine i (3) 6 - 8 (11) keiki. ʻO ka paona o ka cub, ua kokoke iā 0,5 g, ka lōʻihi ma lalo o 2 cm, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike, he nalo i ka lauoho a hiki i kahi proboscis. Akā ma hope o 22 - 25 mau lā, mākaukau ka hanauna hou no ke ola kūʻokoʻa, a mākaukau ka wahine no ka hana hou.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai ka pua o ka pūpū mua e hiki i ka pua i ʻekolu a i ʻole ʻehā mau malama.Hoʻolako loa ʻia ka hie nui - ola nā holoholona superactive i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau makahiki. ʻO ia ka hiʻohiʻona o nā māla āpau o ke ʻano.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: inā i pili ka nalo, pōkole ka makuahine a me nā keiki bipi o kekahi mau ʻano (nā shrews maʻamau, ashen) i kapa ʻia ʻo "caravans" - ʻāwīwī ke keiki kāne i ka makuahine i ke kumu o ka huelo, a hoʻomau nā mea ʻē aʻe kekahi i ke ʻano like. No laila hele lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi palekana palekana. Eia kekahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe e noiʻi nei lākou i ke kaiapuni, e ʻoki ʻia i kapa ʻia nā "excursions ma ke kūlohelohe."
ʻO nā ʻenemi maoli o ka shrew
Whakaahua: Grey Shrew
He ʻenemi nō nā kānaka a pau, a ʻo ka pēpē nui a loko ʻole. Pepehi wale nō kekahi iā lākou, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻai ʻia ke ʻano ʻole ke ʻano ʻohu o ka mea.
- nā māmua wahine, a me nā pōpoki hale, e hoʻopau i ka mea ʻai me ka ʻai ʻole.
- ʻO nā ʻanuʻu e ʻai ai iā lākou, ʻoiai naʻe ka ʻohu.
- huki a me nā mea wuhi i ke ao.
- hiʻona
- nā ʻōpio a me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe.
- ka lawaiʻa iʻa i ka lawaiʻa manu,
- ʻekake ʻo shrews iā lākou iho no kekahi,
- nāʻino nāʻaila (helminths, fleas a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e pōʻino i ke olakino.
Ma ka maluhia ʻo Shrews me ka maluhia me ka poʻe, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hāʻule ma lalo o ka lima i nā hana hoʻoweliweli e hana ʻia me nā kiʻi Akā, hana ʻino ka poʻe i ka pōʻino nui - ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hale me ka deforestation a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale, e hoʻohana ana i nā pesticides.
Mea ʻoiai: I ka hōʻike ʻana o kekahi o ka heluna o nā shrew maʻamau i nā kime, 15 mau ʻano helminths nona nā poepoe a me nā ʻōpala a ua loaʻa. Hoʻokahi kanaka hoʻokahi 497 mau ʻōpala ʻē aʻe. Eia kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka launa pū ʻana i ke ʻano!
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka shrew?
ʻO ka nui o nā kānaka o nā ʻano like ʻokoʻa loa. ʻO ka hapa nui a me nā ʻano maʻamau o Eurasia - kahi ʻāpana maʻamau ke loaʻa i kahi heluna he 200 - 600 spimens ma kēlā he hekahi. ʻO nā meaʻai a me nā wahi i hūnā ʻia no ka noho ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu. ʻO nā awelika like Eurasian e pili ana i nā shrew he liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi, kūlike nā niho a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. ʻO nā hale ka nui a ākea ākea e uhi ana i nā tundra a me nāalalona lāʻau i hōʻike i nā ʻano nui o ʻAmelika.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka shave Caucasian, e noho ana i nā nāhelehe o ka Caucasus a me Transcaucasia a i Kamchatka mai Kamchatka a me ke kahakai o ka Moana o Okhotsk. Akā loaʻa pinepine loa, liʻiliʻi a loaʻa i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole pinepine loa. Ua loaʻa i ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.
- e pale ʻia kahi shrew liʻiliʻi (S. minutissimus) ma Moscow, Ryazan, Tver, Kaluga mau ʻāina,
- clawed shrew (S. unguiculatus) a me shrew-nosed shrew (Sorex gracillimus) aia i loko o ka Red Red o ka Amur Waea,
- shrew Radde (S. raddei) i ka CC o kekahi o nā repubalika ʻĀkau Caucasian,
- shrew liʻiliʻi (S. minutus) - kahi kiʻekiʻe Crimean. Me ka hihia wale nō, ua kau pū ʻia ma ka Red Book o Moscow ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohālikelike o ka ulu lāʻau i hoʻomau ʻole ʻia. ʻOiai ma ka laulā ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli i ka noʻonoʻo,
- e mālama ʻia ana kahi shrew equine (S. isodon) ma ka ʻāina Moscow a me Karelia. Hoʻopili ka kulu i ka wahi nahele o Eurasia mai Scandinavia a hiki i ka Moana Pakipika.
ʻO ka pale a Shrew
Kuhi: Shrew mai loko o ka Red Red Book
I ka Red Book o Rūsia aia hoʻokahi wale nō o nā ʻano: he shrew nui. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mākaʻi nui loa o ka ʻano ʻano. He ʻano kakaʻewa ʻole ka Papaʻalani 3 me ka nui haahaa a me nā palena liʻiliʻi. Wahi a IUCN, hāʻule ia i ka māhele haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Noho i ka nahele ākea a me nā mea ulu like ʻole o ka Southern Primorye, i loaʻa ma nā wahi ʻekolu wale nō: ma nā kahe a Lazovsky a me Kedrovaya Pad, a me ka kokoke i ka loko. Hanka.
Ka papa helu IUCN International Red Book:
- nui ʻōpiopio nui (S. macrodon) he mea palupalu me ka nui o nā palena. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau wahi ma nā kuahiwi o Mexico ma nā ululāʻau he 1,200 a 2,600 m. Ua loaʻa ia ma kahi he 6,400 km², he kumukūʻai ʻo 33627 km²,
- shrew of the Carmen mauna (S. milleri) - mau mea kanu e kokoke ana. Loaʻa ʻia ia ma nā kuahiwi mauna o Mexico ma nā kiʻekiʻe he 2,400–3,700 m.
- ʻO Pribylovskaya shrew (S. pribilofensis) he mau mea pau i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻulāʻau kai aia wale nō ma kekahi o nā mokupuni ʻo Pribylov (USA) ma ke kai ʻo Bering. ʻO kahi o ka mokupuni, 90 km². ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano 10000 - 19000 mau ʻāpana,
- Sclateri shrew (S. sclateri) - mau mea kanu i ka makaʻu. Aia he 2-3 wahi i ʻike ʻia ma Mexico. Noho ma nā ululāʻau, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai ka wahi o ka mea. ʻAʻohe mea e ʻike e pili ana i nā helu
- Hūnū ʻo San Cristobal (S. stizodon) i nā lāʻau kua hopena. Noho nā māla mauna mauna. ʻIke ʻia kekahi wahi ma Mekiko, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea ʻoi i loko o kahi e pale ʻia.
ʻAʻole paʻa nā hana pale: ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻia kahi e noho ai nā holoholona i kahi nui e pono ai no ka hoʻoulu. ʻAʻole ka ʻ ʻininoma i ka lapuwale. Pono ka noho ʻana o nā nīnika o ke kaiapula, a me kēlā mau mea ephemeral e ola nei ma luna o ke kaha o ka hiki i ka wai mahana i loaʻa kahi wahi no lākou iho. Mai waiho i lalo o ka lā, akā ma ka malu o nā meaola'ē aʻe - ke kumu nui ka ʻūʻa hiki ke ola.
Nā koho ʻē aʻe:
ʻO ka ʻauʻau kaukau o ka hale ʻauʻau o St. Nicholas ka Mea Hanohano
ʻO ka luakini e hoʻohanohano ai i ka Lā Kazan o ka makuahine o ke Akua
He Hoʻoilina Orthodox Old Believer ma ka inoa o ke kuhi kipi o ka ʻāpiki Maria Manaʻo
ʻO Ka Hoʻonaʻauao o ka makuahine o ke Akua "Ka hauʻoli o nā mea a pau i kaumaha"
ʻO ka Halepule o nā Aupuni o ka hui like ʻole-a-luna ʻo Tsar Constantine a me kona makuahine Tsarina Elena
Halepule o St. Nicholas ka Manaʻo
Halepule Nui Choral
Ka Ekalesia o ka Hele la o ka wahine Hemolele
ʻO ka halepule ma ka inoa ʻo St. Nicholas ka Manaʻo
Pokrovsky hui
Ka Ekalesia o ka hoomalu o ka wahine Hemolele
Luakini ma ka inoa ʻo Prince Alexander Nevsky
ʻO ka Halepule o ka hoʻolaʻa o ka Hemolele a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke Ola o ka Haku
ʻO ka luakini e hoʻohanohano ai i ka Iona Vladimir I ka makuahine o ke Akua
Hoʻouluulu wai (Nun-Latka)
ʻO St. Nicholas Monastery
Ka Ekalesia o ka Hele la o ka wahine Hemolele
50 nā wahi hoʻāno kaulana a hoʻonani ʻia o ka ʻāina Saratov
Halekula Kiʻi
ʻO ke kumu o St. Nicholas ka Manaʻo
St. Nicholas Convent
ʻO ka Halepule ʻo Alexander Nevsky
ʻO John John Convent
ʻO ke kumu o St. Nicholas ka Manaʻo
Ka luakini o nā ʻUhane Hemolele
ʻO ke kumu wai o ka martyr Panteleimon nui ka Healer
ʻO nā kumu waiwai o ka ʻAukela Mikaela o ke Akua
ʻO ka halepule ma ka inoa o nā hui hemolele waʻa-ka-luna-Grand Grand Duke Vladimir
Halepule ma ka inoa o St. Mitrofan, Bihopa o Voronezh
ʻO nā holoholona o ka māhele Saratov
Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā ulu lāʻau, haʻalele i nā wahi hānai, nā mahina a me nā māla. E makemake nā holoholona i nā wahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā kānaka. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia loa mai ka nahele a i ʻole i ka pihi, ma nā pā mākūkū a me nā pālahalaha, nā alaloa ma ke alanui, nā māla, nā wahi kanu kai, a me nā awāwa wai. Hoʻohana ʻoi ʻo ia i nā ʻokiʻaka i ka ʻōpū a me nā lua lua e hoʻokumu ai i kona puʻuhonua. Me kekahi manawa hana i ka kūkulu ʻana i nā nests lepo. Aia i ka manawa o ka makahiki, ke neʻe nei lākou i kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi momona.
Inā hopohopo ka ʻūlio ke nele i ka meaʻai, hiki ke noho kokoke ma kahi o ke kanaka, i nā kauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale, e neʻe ana i nā hale i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa kēia shrew liʻiliʻi i ka wela haʻahaʻa. Inā hāʻule ka pou thermometer ma lalo o ka -5 degrees, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke ola lōʻihi i kēlā mau kūlana.
ʻO ka ʻai me nā huaʻehā a me nā mea huakaʻi a lākou, spider, snails, earthworms a me nā pīpī. Ma muli o ka hana minamina i kēlā me kēia lā, pono e ʻai ka mea ʻai i ka meaʻai a ʻelua liʻiliʻi ma ke kaupaona ʻana. No laila, ʻo ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai ʻaina i kāna manawa a pau. Hoʻokahi wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō e waiho ana no ka hiamoe.
I ka hoʻoilo, ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka pono o ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i kā lākou ʻano. Mai hōʻalo i nā ʻano kīʻaha like ʻole a me nā hua kanu, keu mai nā conifers. Inā ua waiho ʻia ka luʻu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻole me ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole hiki ke make i kekahi mau hola.
Ke alakaʻi nei nā holoholona i kahi nohona terrestrial, e noho mau i ka makahiki āpau. Makemake lākou e huakaʻi i ke ahiahi a i ka pō. ʻO nā manawa hoʻomaha a me ke ala e hoʻololi pinepine iā lākou, ʻo nā manawa ma waena o lākou he 2 a 3 mau hola.
Noho lākou ma nā ana, i loko o nā kuʻi a i ʻole nā lāʻau hāʻule i lalo, ma lalo o kahi make lāʻau, a i loko o nā hale kanaka. Hoʻohana pinepine no kā lākou mau kumu i ka hua a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka manawa kūpono o kēia wā momona; Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ka pūnana ma kahi wahi i waiho ʻia a i ʻole ma lalo o kahi kumulāʻau, e lawe mai i nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi ma ka nui o 3 a 10. Kahi wale nō paona lākou i hoʻokahi grama. Ma hope o hoʻokahi hebedoma paha, wehe ʻia nā holoholona i ko lākou mau maka, a ma ka lā kanalima e lilo lākou i kūʻokoʻa. Ke hele nā kaʻa i kahi hele wāwae, ua laina lākou i nā ʻano maʻamau o ko lākou ʻano, e hoʻopili ana i ko lākou mau niho i ka huʻu o ka hoa e hele nei i mua. Ka pinepine mau o ia kamaʻāina a hiki i ka ʻehā pule.
I ka manawa hoʻokahi, hiki i kahi lā lōʻihi keʻokeʻo ke lawe mai i 4 litters. Aia kona hānai e pili ana i nā lā 29, a lactation 19 - 20. Loaʻa ka maleʻana i ka wahine i 2-3 mau mahina.
Aia i kahi ʻano maikaʻi, ma kahi pae ʻaʻole hiki ke hele pū me kāna mau hoahānau. ʻO kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole makemake e hoʻokaʻawale i ko lākou wahi e noho ai, e komo pū i kahi hakakā. Me kā lākou waha e hamama nui ana a me kahi ʻili, hoʻomaka lākou i ko lākou huhū. Pue lākou a lele i luna o kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻāʻo e hopu i ka ʻenemi. I ka hiki koke ʻana aku, hoʻomaka ka kaua maoli. E pau ka hoʻopau ʻana ʻoiai ke hoʻokūkū wale nei kekahi o nā mea hoʻokūkū.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻono ʻoluʻolu, ke keʻokeʻo i ka pīpī keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole hoihoi i ka maikaʻi o nā meaʻai no nā mea āpau. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia mea i lilo i mea pilikia i nā ʻaka manu, nā palaka a me nā mea weasels.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, lawe mai kēia mau holoholona i ka kōkua nui no ka ʻohi ʻana. Hoʻopau lākou i nā meaʻino make i nā wahi kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai nā mea inikua like ʻole.
Inā ʻaʻole ma ka pōʻino ka holoholona, e ola ia a hiki i 16 mahina.