I ka hoʻoilo, ua uliuli ke kapa, a i ke kauwela e loaʻa ana i kahi pula ulaula, iʻoi aku ka ikaika mai luna mai lalo. Ua ʻai kēia ʻano i kona inoa ma ka huelo, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ma luna o ia mea he ʻulaʻula a he keʻokeʻo ka lalo. Holo aku nei, hānai kēia ʻeka i kāna huelo, hōʻailona i nā hoahānau pili i ka pilikia. ʻO nā kāne wale nō ke kau i nā pū. Ma hope o ka wā moe, hoʻopau lākou i ko lākou mau pū, a hoʻomaka ka mea hou i ko lākou wahi. Loaʻa nā ʻāpana ʻelua i ke ʻano o kahi kālele, convex i mua a i nā ʻaoʻao. I kēlā me kēia o nā pepeiaohao mai ʻeono a ʻehiku mau kaʻina.
ʻO ka nui o nā kahe keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo e like me nā subspecies. I nā holoholona e noho ana ma ʻAmelika ʻākau, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo e 1.0-1.1 m, a ʻo ka paona o ka kāne ma 100 a i 150 kg. Ua liʻiliʻi nā māmā a ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā wahine. Ke neʻe nei ʻoe i hema, e lilo nā mea liʻiliʻi. Ma nā mokupuni ʻo Florida Keys, ola ka ʻelele ʻeke keʻokeʻo me ka nui o 60 cm ma ka maloʻo a me ke kaumaha o 35 kg, he hopena ia o ka dwarfism mokupuni. ʻO ka manaʻolana ke ola ma kahi o ʻumi makahiki.
HE MEA KUKAI
He lei ʻike ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. He ʻōkuhi ʻo ia i ka meaʻai. I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela kauwela, e hānai ana ka diera i ka mauʻu, ʻōpio pua ʻōpala, nā pua pua o nā mea kanu lāʻau, nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau, i kekahi manawa komo i ka māla a ʻai i nā huaʻai. I ka wā hāʻule, hoʻopili ʻo ia i kāna meaʻai me nā nati, nā hua a me nā hua. I ka hoʻoilo, ua huli ke kanaka i ka hānai a nā lālā. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā holoholona i ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka ʻāina i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai ma mua o ka loaʻa mai. Ke nānā nei i ke ʻano o ka deer, ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻoilo i kēia mau holoholona ua hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻolālā kūikawā no ka ʻai ʻana: inā pono, hoʻēmi lākou i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka meaʻai no ka hu ʻole ʻana i ka ikehu waiwai e ʻimi ana.
Kālā
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo ka mea maʻamau mai ke kūkulu hema o Kanada a Peru a me ʻĀmania hoʻi ʻo Brazil. No nā mea maʻamau o nā ʻohana deer, nā mea like ʻole ma nā wahi like ʻole. Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia ʻāpana ma nā wahi ākea nui o New England a me ka prairie, i nāʻu o nā Everglades, i nā semi-desy o Mexico a me Arizona. Ma ʻAmelika Hema, noho ʻo ia i nā nahele tuʻu, nā kaiāulu puaʻa kahakai a me nā ʻaoʻao puʻu ʻākau o nā Andes, akā haʻalele ʻole i ka nahele. Aia ma waena o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike ʻia nā kao ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai nui, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa ma North.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā kao ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka honua. I nā makahiki 1950, ua lawe ʻia lākou i Finelani, mai kahi lākou i kūʻokoʻa ʻole ai i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o Scandinavia. Ua loaʻa i ka Czech Republic kahi heluna kanaka lehulehu. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻeke keʻokeʻo keokeo kahi o nā ʻano ʻehiku o nā kahe i kau ʻia i Aotearoa no ka hopu.
Hoʻopōla
Kāne manu huluhulu keʻokeʻo, kahi e noho ai i nā kikowaena waena, hoa i ka hāʻule. I ka wā o ka lālani, loli ke ʻano o nā kāne; ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai a hiamoe paha. Ma waena o lākou e loaʻa ai nā hakakā ikaika. ʻO nā kāne pinepine, nā pūliki paʻa, make. ʻO ka pau ʻana o ka rut, haʻalele nā kāne i nā wahine. Ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana i ka lā 196-210 mau lā, hānau ke kanaka i kahi hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau ʻāpana me nā uhi keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa i ka ʻōlani ʻōpiopio ʻekahi, a ʻelua hoʻi o nā ʻōpio, a i kekahi manawa i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana. Ua lele ala, kahi manawa ma hope o kona hānau ʻia ʻana, ke kū nei a lele ka, akā naʻe, hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā pule mua o kona ola i loko o kahi puʻu i waena o nā mālaʻuʻuʻu. Ma kahi e hōʻea ai i kahi kime e hōʻike wale ʻia i ka wā e kāhea ana kona makuahine iā ia. ʻO nā wahine'ōpiopio'ōpiopio e lilo i ka moekolohe i ka makahiki mua o ke ola. He pākeke ʻo Males e hope loa, no laila ʻo ka moe aloha ʻana i ka manawa mua i ka makahiki 4 o ka makahiki.
ʻAno lawehala
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo ka hopena i alakaʻi i ka nohona ka nohona ma mua o kahi pūʻulu. Eia nō naʻe, ma waho o nā wā e moe ai, nā wana wahine a me nā kāne i hōʻuluʻulu i nā pūʻulu mai nā manawa. No ka hoʻomoe ʻana, loaʻa nā kāne i nā wahine a hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole like me ka wapiti, mai hoʻāʻo e lilo i mea nona ka harem. Ma hope o kahi wahine 200 lā i hānau ʻia, hānau nā wahine i hoʻokahi i ʻelua, nā manawa ʻekolu, ʻehā. E like me nā mea he nui, ka lauoho lauoho o nā ʻulaʻula keokeo ma hope o ka hānau ʻana ke kāʻei ʻia me nā wahi keʻokeʻo.
ʻAi ʻia ka ʻula keʻokeʻo i nā lau, nā mea kanu, nā pua, nā hua ʻai a me nā hua like ʻole, a me ka lāʻau lāʻau. He nui na enemi kona. Ma ke ʻano o nā kānaka, he mau ʻīlio puaʻa lāua, nā Cougars, nā bears a me nā coyotes, a ma South America kekahi jaguars.
KUMAIUAI
I ka hapanui o ko lākou ola, mālama mālama ʻia kēia mau ʻōuli a ʻokoʻa paha i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, e hana ana i hoʻokahi wahine a ʻelua mau wahine a me kā lākou mau pā, a i ʻole he ʻelima kāne, ʻeono a ʻehiku mau kānaka. Ma nā hōkū hau maloʻo nui, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻeleʻula keʻokeʻo i loko o nā pua a hiki i nā holoholona he 50, ʻoiai ua maʻalahi ia no kahi hui nui e hoʻomau i ka malulu a me ka pakele mai nā poʻe wānana.
I ka wā pau o ka pau ʻole o ka meaʻai mea kanu, ʻimi ʻo ke kanaka kanikau e pale i kona wahi mai nā mea komo aku. ʻO kahi ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo ke hilahila a mālama pono. ʻO kona mau maka, ke hoʻolohe maikaʻi a me ka ʻona hoʻi e hoʻōla iā ia mai kona mau ʻenemi. Ke kūlou ʻo nā kaho, ua hoʻohiki ʻoi nā māla kiʻekiʻe i kāna mahina ʻike, no laila e ʻike ʻo ia ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino, e hā pinepine ʻo ia i kona poʻo a e nānā a puni. Ma ka liʻiliʻi me ka pōʻino, ka mane keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hoʻonui i kona ʻāʻī, ʻili ke ea i ka lewa a kuhikuhi i kona mau pepeiao i kahi o ke kani ʻana mai, ke ʻā a me ka neʻe mai.
Ka pilikia a me ka pale
Ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e like me kekahi mau manaʻo, ua ola ma kahi o 40 miliona mau poʻo keokeo keokeo. Ua ʻimi nā poʻe India iā lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka lehulehu. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe kolone i ka ʻimi o ko lākou mau ʻili, a no nā leʻaleʻa hoʻi. A hiki i ka makahiki 1900, ua emi loa ka nui o ka poʻe keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka hōʻea he 500 mano wale nō. Mai ia manawa, ua alakaʻi nā palena kīhai i ka nui o ka hoʻomaikaʻi, akā ʻokoʻa nō ke kūlana e like me ka wahi. I kekahi mau wahi, no ka laʻana, pili i ka Lula Nui, ʻike ʻia nā kaʻe ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo e like me ka wā ma mua. I ka huina, ua manaʻo ke kumukūʻai o kēia ʻano holoholona ma ʻAmelika he 14 miliona mau kānaka.
Manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau subspesies a kokoke i ka IUCN Red List. Pākuʻi kēia
- Hoʻoiho (ʻO clavium Odocoileus mare), e noho ana i ka mokupuni ʻo Florida Keys. ʻO kēia kahi kikoʻī liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa i ka deer keʻokeʻo. Ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ikaika i ka makahiki 1945, 26 wale nō paha ka poʻe. ʻO nā hana nui e pale i kēia mau holoholona i ʻae ai i nā helu e hoʻonui i 300 kanaka i kēia mau lā, akā ʻo ka hoʻonui huakaʻi ma nā mokupuni ke hāʻawi nei i ka hopohopo. Noho aneane nā ʻāpana kai a pau i nā No Key Key and Big Pine Key. I kekahi manawa hiki ke kanikau ke holo i nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo ka nele o ka wai inu e hoʻi ai lākou. ʻIʻo wau IUCN i kēia subspecies he mea weliweli koʻikoʻi.
- ʻĀpana Kolombian White-Tailed (ʻO Odocoileus virginianus leucurus), kahi i kapa ʻia ma ke kahawai ʻo Columbia ma nā moku o Wakinekona a me Oregon. ʻO kā lākou helu ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka wahi noho kanaka ua hāʻule i ka 400 kanaka. I kēia lā he 3,000 nā kānaka o kēia mau holoholona, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻoholo ai ka US Fish and Wildlife Service i ka makahiki 2003 e kāpae i ka ʻāpana manu keʻokeʻo a Colombian mai kahi papa inoa o nā mea hoʻoweliweli. I IUCN, ʻike ʻia kēia subspecies ma ka liʻiliʻi loa.
KUPONO NA INOA HUI, KAHAKUI. E IKE ANA ANA I KA MEA.
- Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻelele keʻokeʻo keokeo i ka Repubalika Czech, New Zealand a me Finland, kahi i hoʻopiha pono ʻia ai.
- ʻO nā ʻenemi nui loa o nā kāʻei. Holo ka poʻe iā ia no ka makemake ʻeke. ʻO kēia manawa naʻe, ua kāohi pono ʻia ka lawaiʻa. Hoʻokumu ʻo Deer i ka hapakolu o kaʻai puma.
- Hiki i nā kua o ke kanaka kuʻikahi me nā hanana he 14.
NA OHANA O KA PONO O KE WHITE-TAIL DEER. NA PALAPALA HOOPII
ʻAno: e neʻe ana ke kalaka nui a he nui nā kaʻina. Nui nā pua, branched. I ka hoʻoilo, hāʻule kahi kāʻei iā lākou. Ke ulu nui nei nā pepeiaohao hou i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hana.
ʻEkahi keʻokeʻo: inā ʻo ka pōʻino, holo ka holo ʻula keʻokeʻo i nā lepoki lōʻihi, aʻo ke kao e like me ka hae keʻokeʻo, e paʻa ana ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka huelo kahi mea alakaʻi no ke koena o ka pipi.
ʻOihana nui: oi aku ma ke kane. ʻAʻohe ona pepe.
Hōʻeu: 'Aʻole loa ka lauoho lauoho i waena o nā mea kanu loloa.
- Habitat ʻōpiopio paʻa ʻia
EIA IA
North, Central a South America, mai Central Canada a Bolivia a me Central Brazil. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia i New Zealand a me kekahi mau ʻāina o ʻEulopa.
KAUPUNI A ME KA PONO
ʻO ka ʻāpana keokeo ka nui o nā ʻano heʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka huli no ia ma lalo o ka kāohi pono. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia kekahi mau subspecies o ke kai keʻokeʻo i keʻokeʻo.
Kāleka
ʻO ka nui o nā kahe ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo e like me nā wahi i noho ai - ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, ua nui loa ka poʻe. ʻO Artiodactyls e noho ana ma ke kūkulu ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika a me Canada ka paona o 60-130 kilograms, hiki i kekahi mau kāne ke kau i nā 155 kilograms, a ʻo nā wahine 90 kilograms. Heʻuʻuku ka hapa ola hema, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ko lākou kaumaha ma mua o 35-50 kilograms. ʻO ka paona awelika o nā kāne, ʻaʻohe o kahi e noho ai, ʻo 68 kilograms, a ʻo ka nui o nā kauā wahine he 45 kilograms. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka malo o ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo a he 55-120 kenimita, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka huelo he 95-220 kenimika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ʻo ia ka 10-37 centimeter.
He māi manu keokeo.
ʻO ka ʻili i ke kauwela a me ka punaā he kalaʻula-ʻulaʻulaʻula, a i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo - hina-ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke kino iʻeleʻele ke kala, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lalo. Kāleka ke poʻo ma luna a keʻokeʻo ma lalo, aʻo ka holo ʻana, e hāpai ka luna i kona ʻili, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona i nā hoahānau pili e pili ana i ka pōʻino. Hoʻokomo wale nā pua i nā kāne, akā e kiola iā lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hopena o ka wā e ulu ai, ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā ʻano hou i ko lākou wahi. Hoʻopuni ʻia nā pepeiaohui o nā kaʻe keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo - me nā kaʻina.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Ma mua o ka manawa e moe ai, e noho ana nā kāne a me nā wahine i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole hana nā kuʻikahi i ka wā hoʻokūkū e hana i nā mea hoʻokalakupua, akā hōʻike i ka nānā i hoʻokahi wahine wale nō.
Kahu wahine wahine a me ke keiki bipi.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka wahine ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo wahine i mau mahina 7 mau mahina, a hānau ka hānau keiki i Mei-Iune. Hānau ʻia ka wahine i hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau ʻāpana. ʻO nā hebedoma mua, e ʻānai nā keiki i ka mauʻu mānoanoa, ko lākou ʻili me nā wahi keʻokeʻo e kōkua i ka hilahila. Mālama ka makuahine i ka waiū pēpē no 10 mau pule. Ma ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa ke ulu o ka wā'ōpiopio i ka paona a hiki i ka 20-35 kilograms. Hāʻawi ʻo Males i ko lākou makuahine i ka maka mua o ke ola, a ʻo nā wāhine i ka lua. Pākaʻi ʻia ʻo Puberty i nā kāmela keokeo ma ka makahiki he 1,5 mau makahiki, a ola lākou ma ka awelika o 10-12 mau makahiki.
27.05.2019
ʻO ka ʻelee keʻokeʻo (Lat. Odocoileus virginianus) no kā Deer ʻohana (Cervidae) a ʻo ia kekahi mea kuʻuna maʻamau ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Ma nā'āina komohana o USA, ua pili pinepine ia me ka eʻe a ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele (Odocoileus hemionus). Hoʻokoke kēia mau mea pili i ʻelua ʻano pili i ke ʻano o nā hua pua prolific.
Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kolone ma ʻEulopa, ma ka 40 miliona ka poʻe. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia XIX, ua emi hou ia e 80 mau manawa. Mahalo i nā ana i lawe ʻia, ua hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hōʻemi hou aʻe. I kēia manawa ua ʻoi aku ka 14 miliona mau poʻo, no laila ʻaʻole mea hoʻoweliweli i ka hoʻomau ʻana o kēia mau kiʻi artiodactyls.
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia mau ʻano ma 1780 e ka German zoologist Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann.
Kanikau
ʻAʻole ʻike wale nā hae o nā kao keʻokeʻo e ke kanaka, akā he ʻoliva lā hoʻi, nā jaguars, alligator, nā bears a me nā coyotes. ʻO ka pinepine loa, make ka poʻe ʻōpio mai nā mea wīwī, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻelele kanaka o nā ʻano ke hiki ke pakele i ka lele, akā hāʻawi pū nō hoʻi i ka pale ʻana inā pono. Ke alakaʻi nei ka hana hoʻomohala kanaka i kahi hōʻemi o ka helu o ka keokeo keokeo, ʻo ia ke kumu no ka luku ʻia ʻana o ke kai kūlohelohe o artiodactyls.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka manaʻolana
Ma waho o ka manawa hoʻoulu, noho nā kāne a me nā wahine i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. I ka wā ulu, ʻaʻole e hoʻāʻo nā kāne e hana i nā mea kani. Ke nānā nei lākou i kēlā me kēia wahine. Hānau ʻia nā hānau ma Mei a me Iune ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana, ka mea 7 mau mahina. Mai ka 1 a me 3 mau keiki e hānau ai. ʻO nā wiki 4 mua, ua hūnā nā pēpē i nā mea kanu. Kili ʻia ko lākou ʻili me nā wahi keʻokeʻo.
Hoʻomaʻa ka hānai ʻana i ka wai he 10 mau pule. I ka hoʻoilo, ua kaupaona nā ulu ʻōpio i ka 20-35 kg. Ke waiho nei ʻo nā mākua i nā makuahine i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a ʻo nā wahine ma hope o 2 mau makahiki. Hiki maikaʻi loa nā holoholona i nā makahiki a me ke kaikuono. Noho ka ʻelele ʻōpiopio manu i ka nahele no 10-12 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ke kiʻi: White-Tailed Deer
ʻO ka deer keʻokeʻo keokeo kekahi o nā momi maikaʻi loa i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO ke kumu nui i ola nui ai kēia ʻano manuahi ma muli o kāna mea hoʻohālikelike ʻia. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau, ʻaʻole nui nā meaola ke kū ʻole i ka loli wikiwiki, akā ua ulu maikaʻi nā ʻiole keʻokeʻo.
He kūpono loa kēia ʻano o kēia ʻano;
- nā wāwae ikaika
- nā pū nui
- nā hōʻailona hōʻike
- hulu wili-kala.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā kaʻe ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo e hoʻohana i kā lākou mau pepeiaohao no nā mea he nui, e like me ke hakakā a me ka hōʻailona ʻana i ko lākou wahi. I kahi mau miliona o 3.5 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loli ka nui o nā kahe a ka i ka keʻokeʻo ma muli o ka pono o ka nui o ka nui a ʻo ka pā. No ka mea hoʻohana ʻia nā pepeiaohao no ka hakakā, ʻo ke kānāwai holoʻokoʻa ka nui o lākou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Kīneʻe keokeo o ka ʻeke a kekahi o nā ʻano mea ola mua i loko o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Aia kēia ʻano ma kahi o 3.5 miliona mau makahiki. No ka nui o nā makahiki, he paʻakikī nā kūpuna o nā kāʻei. Loaʻa ka ʻele keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e pili loa me Odocoileus brachyodontus, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi mau ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohui pū me kekahi mau ʻano elk kahiko i ka pae DNA.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka meaʻai me nā pua, nāʻuhele, nā wana ʻōpio o nā kumulāʻau, nā huaʻai, nā hua, hua a me nā acorns. ʻAi ʻia nā palaila ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, he lei keʻokeʻo keokeo ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ke kaona i ʻona ʻia me ka lāʻau lāʻau, moss a me nā lichens.
Hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā lau o nā iala o ka ivy (Toxicodendron diversilobum), kahi i hoʻopau ʻia e nā artiodactyls ruminant. Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu iʻa, nā manu ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo e ʻai i nā kaona liʻiliʻi a me nā moa manu manu.
E hānai ana ka ʻaina i ke ahiahi a me nā hola kakahiaka. Kuhi pinepine nā holoholona i nā manawa like.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e 160-200 cm, a me ka huelo 15-30 cm. Paona 60-130 kg. ʻIke liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka paona o ka mokupuni ʻo Florida he 20-34 kg. Kahi ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona nui i ka māhele ʻākau o ka pā.
Loaʻa nā kala o ka hulu manu i nā ʻokoʻa a me nā wā kūʻokoʻa. Kūkū ʻia e ka hina, tan a ʻulaʻula nui. I ka hoʻoilo, ua lilo i mea liʻiliʻi i ka hulu.
ʻO ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻaoʻao ʻōpū o nā pepeiao a me nā wāwae ma ka keʻokeʻo. Ma ka wahi o ka huʻu he "aniani" keʻokeʻo.
Ke ulu hou nei nā malle i nā pepeiaohao hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki, kahi lākou e kiola ai i ka hope o ka rut. ʻAʻohe wahine o nā wahine.
Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka wahine kaheʻe e kahe ʻili a ka wahine ma kahi o 10-12 mau makahiki.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka ʻiole keokeo?
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻAmelika ʻAmelika-ʻAmelika Hōʻali
Kele maʻa mau keokeo i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka Midwest o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Noho ka poʻe ʻōuli ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi āpau, akā makemake i nā wahi kuahiwi me nā ulu lāʻau deciduous. Pono ka ʻeke a keokeo keokeo i loaʻa i nā mākeke e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lāʻau a i ʻole nāʻuʻu kiʻekiʻe e pale ai iā lākou mai nā mea kahakaha a ʻimi no ka ʻai.
Noho ka hapanui o nā kaiāulu e noho ana ma ʻAmelika e like me:
Pākuʻi ʻia nā kaʻe keʻokeʻo i ke ʻano like ʻole i nā ʻano ʻano o ka noho ʻana, a me ka loli ʻana i ka loli.Hiki iā lākou ke ola ma nā wahi o ka lāʻau lāʻau, a me nā wahi me nā wahi ākea ākea. No kēia kumu, ua loaʻa i nā wahi he nui ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
ʻO nā kāle manu keokeo i hana ʻia nā mea ola a ola maikaʻi loa i nā wahi me nā ʻāpana ʻāina. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano kūpono no ka deer, ʻo ia ka lāʻau lāʻau paʻakikī a i ʻole nā māla pine. Me ka maʻalahi, ka mea makemake e ʻai i ka meaʻai, ka wai a me ka ʻāina i kahi kūpono. ʻO nā koi no ke ola a me ke olakino e loli i kēlā me kēia makahiki, no laila he wahi kūpono kahi nui o nā mea i pono i loko o ka makahiki.
He aha nā mea kanu keʻokeʻo keokeo?
Kiʻi hoʻāla: Kahu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma Lūkia
ʻO ka awelika, ʻai ka ʻiole i ka 1 a me 3 kg o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā no kēlā me kēia 50 kg o ka paona o ke kino. Pau ka ʻāpana ʻaʻā maʻa mau momona i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi o ka nui o ka hānai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He kime ka manuahi, a, e like me nā bipi, he ʻōpū o ka ʻūhā nui ʻehā. Ma ke ʻano, he koho maikaʻi loa nā kaila. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o kā lākou waha a pili i ke koho ʻana i nā meaʻai kūikawā.
ʻAnuʻu ʻia ka keʻa ʻōiwi me ke ʻano. Hoʻomaʻa kēia mau mommela i nā lau, nā lālā, nā hua a me nā hua o nā lāʻau, nā mea kanu a me nā kumina. Hoʻohana ʻo Deer ka nui o nā nāhelehele, nā mea kanu, ka kanu ʻana i ka mahiʻai a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole e like me nā holoholona, ʻaʻole e hānai nā kao i ka ʻano o ka mea ʻai. Hiki i ka ʻeke keʻokeʻo keokeo ke ʻai i nā nui nui o nā mea kanu āpau i loaʻa ma kā lākou noho. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, inā kaʻai ʻana o ka ʻae i ke kī ʻole o ka meaʻai, e ʻai ai lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole like ʻole o ke ʻano maʻamau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi kiʻi: The White-tailed deer in the forest
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūʻulu manu ʻulaʻula i nā ʻano ʻelua. Pēlā nā hui ʻohana, me ka doe a me kāna hua ʻōpio, a me nā hui kāne. E noho pū nō ka ʻohana ʻohana no kahi makahiki hoʻokahi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hui o nā kāne me kahi hierarchy o ka mana mai 3 a 5 mau kānaka hoʻokahi.
I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i kēia mau hui ʻelua o ke kai ke hui pū, e hana ana i nā kaiāulu a he 150 mau kānaka. Hoʻolaha kēia hui i nā alahele a hoʻokipa ʻia no ka hānai, a hāʻawi pū i ka palekana mai nā mea wānana. Ma muli o ka hānai ʻana i nā kānaka, hiki i kēia mau pūnaewele ke hōʻeha i ka nui o ka nui o ka hōʻuluʻulu o ka dee, e hoʻopiʻi ana i nā mea ʻenemi, hoʻonui i ka hiki o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā maʻi, hoʻonui i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ke kaiāulu, alakaʻi i ka ʻai nui o nā mea kanu kūloko a me nā mea he nui aʻe hoʻi.
Hiki i ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo ke ʻauʻau, holo a ʻele maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele hoʻoilo o kahi mau māla he mau hulu nāu, kahi mamao ma waena e piha ai i ka ea. Mahalo i kēia holoholona, paʻakikī ke malū, ʻoiai ua pau. Hiki i ka ʻele keʻokeʻo keokeo ke holo i nā wikiwiki a hiki i ka 58 km i kēlā me kēia hola, ʻoiaiʻo ia ke hele i kahi ākea kokoke loa a ʻaʻole hoʻi i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi. Hiki nō i ka ʻelele ke lele i ka 2.5 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe a 9 mau mika ka lōʻihi.
Ke pīhoihoi ka keokeo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻi i kona mau ʻūlū a me ka aʻelemakule e ʻōlelo aku i nā kaho ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ka holoholona ke "hōʻailona" i ka'āpana a e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i kona huelo, e hōʻike ana ma lalo o kona keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻO ke kiʻi: White-tailed Deer Cub
ʻO ka hoʻolālā kanaka o ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu e hoʻopili ʻia ma nā pūʻulu pili ʻelua: matriarchal a me nā kāne. ʻO nā hui Matriarchal kahi wahine, kona makuahine a me nā keiki wahine. He hui manuahi nā hui kāne nona nā ʻelele makua.
Ua kākau nā noiʻi i nā lā i hana ʻia no ka Thanksgiving a hiki i ka hapalua o Dekemaba, mua o Ianuali, a ʻo Fepuari hoʻi. No ka hapanui o nā wahi noho, ʻo ka huakaʻi o ke kau la e hiki mai ana i ka waena o ka hopena o Ianuali. I loko o kēia manawa, noho nā kāne ʻeke keʻokeʻo i nā loli o ka hormonal. Hele aʻelemakule ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o nā kāne.
I ka manawa o kēia manawa, hōʻailona nā kāne a pale i nā wahi āpau. I ka wā ulu, hiki ke male i ke kāne me ka wahine i kekahi mau manawa.
Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka hānau ʻana, e lilo ka wahine hānai a mālama i kona ʻāina i kāʻei. Hānau ʻia nā pua hila ma kahi o 200 mau lā ma hope o ke ʻano. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kaho e hānau mai i ka lā o Iulai i ka waena o ʻAukake. Aia ka nui o nā hua i ka makahiki a me ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka wahine. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he wahine hine hoʻokahi makahiki, akā he ʻano nui loa nā māhoe.
ʻO nā pua Reindeer i loko o nā hale ʻilihune, nui loa, e hōʻike ana i ke ola ʻole ma waena o nā hua. I nā lā mua he mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua neʻe pinepine ka wahine ma kahi mamao ma kahi o 100 mika mai ana i kāna mau keiki. Hoʻomaka nā ʻohana Fawns me ko lākou mau makuahine ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu a ʻehā pule.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo
ʻO ke kiʻi: White-Tailed Deer
Noho ka manu ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ma nā wahi nahele. I kekahi mau wahi, he mea paʻakikī na overpopulation deer. ʻO nā ʻīlio hina a me nā liona mauna he mau nāhelehele i kōkua e mālama i ka heluna kanaka, akā ma muli o ka hopu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kanaka ma ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā ʻīlio a me nā liona mauna.
ʻO kahi kālena keʻokeʻo keokeo i kekahi manawa i lilo no ka coyotes, akā nā kānaka a me nā ʻīlio ke lilo i poʻe ʻenemi nui o kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole no ka nui o nā mea kūlohelohe, nui ka nui o ka lehulehu i ka nui o ke kaiāulu, ma muli o ka mea e hiki ke make i ka make. Aia i nā kahakai, kōkua nā mea lawaiʻa e mālama i ka heluna o kēia mau holoholona, akā ma ke kūlanakauhale me nā kūlanakauhale, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka lawaiʻa, no ka mea e hoʻomau ʻia ka nui o kēia mau holoholona. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke ola maikaʻi i ka neʻe ʻole loa.
Hoʻokomo ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka poʻe ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (ʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā mea hana kūlohelohe).
- ʻala
- nā kaʻa,
- maʻi maʻi.
ʻIke nui nā mea lawaiʻa he mau maka ʻilihune loa nā kāʻei. ʻO ka ʻiʻo keokeo keokeo ka ʻike maka dichromatic, ʻo ia ka mea ke ʻike wale lākou i nā kala ʻelua. Ma muli o ka nele o ka hihiʻo maikaʻi, hoʻomohala ka ʻahu keʻokeʻo i kahi ulu o ka ʻala e ʻike ai i nā mea ʻoki.
ʻO ka maʻi Catarrhal ("Blue Tongue") kahi maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka nui o nā nusa. Hoʻouna ʻia ka maʻi e ka lele a kumu i ka pī ʻana i ka alelo, a hoʻoilo ʻia nō hoʻi i ka mea i hōʻeha i kona mau wāwae. Nui ka poʻe i make i loko o ka hebedoma. A i ole, hiki ke hoʻōla i ka hoʻihoʻi i 6 mau mahina. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi maʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mamm terrestrial.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: waiā hoʻokeo manu keʻokeʻo
ʻAno ʻole loa ʻo Deer i nā hapa nui o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a hiki i nā makahiki i hala. Kuhi ʻia ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1900, aia wale nō ma kahi o 2,000 kauka i noho wale ma Alabama wale nō. Ma hope o nā kaukani o nā ho'āʻo e hoʻonui i ka heluna kanaka, ua manaʻo ʻia ka helu o nā kaheka ma Alabama i ka makahiki 200000.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nui nā wahi o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i kahiki ʻia e ke kanalima. A ʻo kahi hopena, hōʻino ʻia nā mea kanu, hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā kūkaʻa a me nā kaʻa kaua. Ma ka mōʻaukala, ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ka hapa ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ke keʻokeʻo a he keokeo ʻo Virginia (O. v. Virginianus). Ma hope o ka luku piha ʻana i ka paʻakai keʻokeʻo ma nā moku o ka Midwest i ke kakahiaka nui o 1900, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻĀina Kūlelika, a me kekahi poʻe pilikino a me nā hui o ka holomua e hoʻonui i ka helu o nā kaera ma nā makahiki 1930.
I nā makahiki mua o 1900, ua hana ʻia nā kānāwai e mālama ana i ka hopu manu ʻana, akā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia lākou. Ma ka makahiki 1925, ʻehā wale nō ka nui o ka poʻe kaona ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Missouri. ʻO kēia hōʻemi i alakaʻi ai i ka Pahaʻāinaʻo Missouri State e ho'ōki i ka hana manuahi a mālama kūʻokoʻa i nā rula no ka mālama a mālama hou i ka lehulehu.
Ua hana ʻo ka Keʻena Hoʻonaʻaʻike i nā neʻe e hele i Missouri mai Michigan, Wisconsin a me Minnesota e kōkua i ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona. Hoʻomaka nā mākaʻa pale i nā lula e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka poaching. I ka makahiki 1944, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lehulehu kanaka i ka 15,000.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka nui o nā kaera ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Missouri wale nō he 1,4 miliona mau kānaka, a ʻo ka poʻe lawaiʻa e hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pili ana i 300 tausani mau holoholona. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka manaʻo Missouri e hoʻokū i ka lehulehu ma kahi pae i loko o ke kūlohelohe o ke kūlohelohe.
Kahu ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo - kahi holoholona maikaʻi a nani hoʻi i ka hana nui no ka holoholona hihiu. No ka hōʻoia pono i ke olakino lāʻau, pono e kaulike nā bipi reindeer i ko lākou wahi. ʻO ke kaulike kūlohelohe he kumu nui ia no ka pono o ka holoholona hihiu.