Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Nā iʻa Bony |
Lāpala: | Scombrinae |
Kāhea: | Mackerel |
Mackerel (lat. Scomber) - he hua iʻa o ka ʻohana mackerel o ke kauoha mackerel. ʻO kēia mau iʻa pelagic, ʻaʻole pili ka ola o ke ola me ka lalo. ʻO ka loa ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 64 cm, ka awelika he 30 cm. Ua ʻōleʻe ke kino, a uhi ʻia me nā unahi cycloid liʻiliʻi. E hele paha paha a i ʻole paha ka pale manu. ʻOiai ke kaʻina ʻana o nā ʻano manuahi, aia ka nui o nā holoholona hoʻokahi ma kēlā me kēia māhele ʻāina.
Biology
Kūkulu ʻia kēia mau iʻa i nā kula i hui pū ʻia me nā Kāmaʻa trachurus a me nā ʻāpana Peruvian. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Mackerels i ka plankton, kānana i nā ʻōpala mai ka wai. Hōʻī ka poʻeʻelemakule i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā opanahi. Ma nā ʻōmole, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hōʻuluʻulu i nā kula, ʻike nui ka cannibalism. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai nui, nā marlin, nā makika, nā mākeke, nā leona moana a me nā pelicans i hopu ʻia ma nā mackerels.
ʻO keʻano
Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Mackerel e kahi kino fusiform elongated, kahi ʻōpū caudal i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a i hope, a me ka carinae lateral ʻelua; Aia kekahi mau helu ʻelima hou aʻe ma hope o nā dorsal palupalu a me nā pēpē. ʻO kēia mau mea lawaiʻa wikiwiki, hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia no ke ola ikaika i ka kolamu wai. E like me nā lālā o ka ʻohana, aia ka pūlima iwi a puni nā maka. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūlima dorsal ʻelua e kahi kahaka ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka snout. He haʻahaʻa loa ka fin fin inter fin a ʻaʻole bifurcate. Ma hope o ka lua dorsal a me nā loina kaulua e kau ana i kahi mahele o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi, e kōkua ana i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā whirlpool i ka holo wikiwiki. Ua paʻa ka ʻoi kālā caudal a ākea nui. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa me nā unahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke kālele i ka ʻaoʻao mua, i hana ʻia e nā paina nui, he ulu maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole mau. ʻO ka laina o hope e kokoke pololei, me kahi kikoʻī iki. Ua liʻiliʻi nā niho, conical. Aia nā palatine a me nā niho opener. Nā kuʻi pua gole o nā lōʻihi ma waena, ʻo kā lākou helu ma ka hapa haʻahaʻa o ka pana kiʻi gill mua iʻoi aku ma mua o kanakolukumamālima. He kanakolukūmākolu o ʻelua mau pālani.
Kahu wā. ʻO ka mua a me ka hope o nā maka ua uhi ʻia me ka momona momona. Nā stamens Gill i ʻike ʻia ma ka waha ākea ākea. Ma ka pakanā mua dorsal mua, ʻewalu a ʻumikumamākolu mau pūnoa spiny, i ka lua dorsal a me nā anal kanalua māmā māmā, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka spine anal. ʻO ka pōkole ka pectoral i pōkole, hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻumikumamāwūwūmāwalu mau papa hihiu. ʻO ke kua ke bula-polu i ke kala, uhi ʻia i nā laina pōʻeleʻele ulaula. ʻO nā puʻu kālā a me ka ʻōpū o ke kala melemele, me ka ʻole o nā māka.
ʻĀina waiwai
He iʻa ika waiwai ʻo Mackerel. ʻO kāna momona kāna momona (a hiki i ka 16,5% momona), waiwai i ka momona B12, me ka iwi ʻuʻuku, palupalu a ʻono. Holo nui ʻia ʻo Mackerel me nā ʻeke kūloko, a i ʻole me ke kōkua o nā ʻūhā gill, nā mea hao, nā kaila lōʻihi, nā wahi huki a me nā kihi paʻa. ʻO ka ʻiʻo i komo i ka mākeke i ka puka hou, hoʻokuhala, ulaula, paʻakai a paʻauli. ʻO ka nui o ka momona momona o ka mackerel e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kuke ʻia me ka ʻaila ʻole me ka ʻaila ʻole i ka aila.
ʻO wai ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka makaki?
Mackerel (lat. Scomber) - nā lawaiʻa pelagic mai kā ka mackerel squad.
ʻO kēia kekahi o nā iʻa kaulana loa me nā momona momona a me nā ʻiʻo momona. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ma nā wahi a pau: aia ma nā kai āpau, koe wale nō ʻo ka Arctic, mauʻauʻau ma nā ʻāina o uka ʻāina: ʻ Blackleʻele, Marmara a me Baltic.
Noho ʻo Mackerel i kahi mahana o 8-20 ° C, ʻo ia ke kumu e hana ʻia ai nā neʻe ʻana i nā manawa ma nā wahi o ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, a ma waena o ka Marmara me Black Seas.
ʻO ka nui o ka mackerel e liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo he ia he iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pākeke ke hele aku i 67 kenimika, akā he mea maʻamau loa ia i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa 30-40 kenimika. ʻO ka paona awelika o 300-400 kākā. Akā, i kekahi manawa i hele a hiki i ka 2 kg ka holo mai, akā ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe kēia i ka lula.
ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa o ka iʻa, ʻaʻohe ona ʻōpū mākaukau o ka ea.
ʻAmelika ʻo Mackerel (lat.Scomber scombrus)
ʻO kekahi o nā mea maʻamau maʻamau o nā wai o ke Komohana Akau.
ʻO ka loa o ka loa o ke kino he 60 cm, ʻomo ʻia i nā pale polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ma ka kua aia ke kāwaliwali a me nā pala. ʻAʻohe o ka ʻauʻau hele.
ʻIke ʻia nā iʻa ma nā kahakai o Islandia a me nā Canary Islands, ma North Carolina, a me nā wai o ke Kai Akau.
I ka wā spawning, kahe aku ana ka mackerel i nā wikiwiki a hiki i ka 77 km / h, ka hana ʻana i kahi kani ma luna o ka ihu o ka wai, kahi mea e pīhoihoi ai i ka lawaiʻa a me nā mea make kai. Loaʻa ka spawning i ke kauwela kauwela. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa he hapalua miliona miliona hua. Hoʻomaka ka iʻa me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka wai i ka 10 degere, ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i ka wai mahana mai ke kai mai o Marmara. Ke noho nei i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomohue ka mackerel i kahi hohonu o 200 m a alakaʻi i kahi ola sedentary me ka meaʻai maikaʻi. Loaʻa ka mimity i 3 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, i manaʻo ʻia e ola ʻo ka mackerel i 18 mau makahiki.
Ma Iapana (lat.Scomber japonicus)
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Far East, kēlā mau iʻa e like me nā wai ma ke kahakai o ka Mokupuni ʻo Kuril. E makemake ana ia i ka mahana o ka wai i 27 mau kekona, i ka manawa o ke neʻe kauwela e hoʻonui i kona noho ʻana, ka mea hopu i nā wai mahana.
Hoʻopihi ke kino, ke kālā-uliuli, me ke kumu hoʻohālike pōkole i waiho ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao a ma ke kua o ka iʻa. Hōʻike ka ʻano haki i ka makahiki mua o ke ola i ka manawa i hiki ai ke lōʻihi o ke kino he 3 cm ʻO Mackerel spawning i loko o ke kai o Iapana e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai a i Iulai. Hoʻopau nā wahine i ka 60 tausani mau hua. ʻO ka holo ʻana o kahi ʻōpiopio i kahi pākeke i ʻeono mahina.
ʻ Mlelo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (lat.Scomber colias)
I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa o kēia ʻano, ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia ka ʻĀpana Aferika he subspecies o ka Kepani. Noho ʻo ia i loko o ka moana Atlantika, i nā wai o ʻAzores, Canary Islands, the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. Loaʻa nā ʻohana Pelagic i nā palena kai ma kahi hohonu ʻaʻole o 300 mau mika. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā jambs me nā ʻano o nā mackerel. ʻAi lākou i ka zooplankton, sprats, mokuahi, a me nā ʻano invertebrates.
Holo ka aniani i ke 2 mau makahiki o ke ola; nā iʻa i loko o ke kauwela o ke kauwela i ka pō, i hōʻea i nā haneli he mau haneli. Hāʻawi pololei ʻia ka mackerel no Aferika i ka mākeke ma ka palapala i hana ʻia a i ʻole kēlua. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻiʻo, paʻakai ʻia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i mālama ʻia.
Mackerel Kanakaole (lat.Scomber australasicus)
E ʻike ʻia ma ka moana Pakipika, me ka palena o Kina a me nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana a hiki i Ausetalia a me Aotearoa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i 50 cm. Hoʻomapa ʻia ke kupapaʻu i nā pale melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, aia mau palahalaha i ka hope-uliuli-uliuli. Aia ka Puberty i 2 mau makahiki ma nā wai ma kahi kokoke i Australia.
ʻO ka nui o ke ola he 8 mau makahiki ia, eia naʻe kekahi mau kanaka, e like me nā kānaka ʻepekema, hiki ke ola a hiki i 24 makahiki. I ke kai loa o Iapana, e kū mua ana ka makemakika i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua, ua hoʻemi ʻia ke ola ola i 6 mau makahiki.
He mākaʻikaʻi ʻia e nā ʻāpana hohonu a me nā kai. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui inā ʻaʻole ʻoki loa ka ʻiʻo o ka mackerel Australia i loko o Iapana ma mua o nā mea kanu Iapana.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Noho ʻo Mackerel i na wai o Ameiika, Akau Hema, na Tahuʻula a me na kai moana. E aloha ana ka iʻa, ʻoluʻolu ke anuanu no 8-20 degere, i ka manawa hoʻomaha, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā kānaka he nui i kahi hipa e hele ai i nā wahi me ka wai mahana.
He mea nui ia no ka hoʻoneʻe kaua, ʻaʻole i ʻae nā kula o kēlā me kēia ʻano i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a pale i kā lākou kula mai ka ʻaoʻao o waho. Ka mahele maʻamau o ka mackerel i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, kahi e lilo ai i kekahi o nā ʻano iʻa ʻano nui.
No laila, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka inoa ʻo Ausetalia ma ka Moana Pakipika, kokoke i Kina a me nā mokupuni o Iapana, a lele aku i kai o Ausetalia a me Niu Sila. Ua noho ka mackerel ʻAmelika i ka moana Atlanta a makemake paha e noho kokoke i ka Canary a me Azores, kahi e hāʻule ai ka hohonu o nā kahakai ma lalo o 300 mau mika.
Kepani, e like me ka thermophilic nui loa, e noho ana ma ke kai o Iapana ma ka mokupuni o Kuril, hiki ke piʻi ka nui o ka wai ma laila ke hiki i 27 degere, no laila e hoʻonui ai ka iʻa i nā palena o ka noho ʻana a ma ka wā o ka lawaiʻa ʻana e piʻi aʻe mai ke kahakai.
Noho ʻo ka mackerel i loko o nā wai o Iāpana a me nā Mokupuni ʻo Canary, a loaʻa ʻo ia i ke Kai Akau. I ka wā hala, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i nā pī i hui ʻia i loko o ke kai o Marmara, ʻo ka mea nui ka nui o ka hohonu - e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma loko, ʻaʻole ʻā ke ʻano o ka iʻa.
I ka manawa hoʻoilo wale nō, ua hoʻolilo ka mackerel i 200 mau mika i ka pahu wai a lilo a ane ʻole hiki ʻole, a palupalu ka meaʻai i kēia manawa, no laila, ua nui ka nui o ka momona momona o ka iʻa ma ka lā.
Ma nā kahakai o ʻAmelika a ma ke Kaiapuni o Mexico, ua pākī ʻia ka nui o ka nui i ka hipa a hana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ke ʻano aliʻi, ʻo ia ka mea maʻalahi loa ka hopu, no ka mea ʻaʻole i hāʻule ka iʻa ma lalo o ka 100 mau mika a maʻalahi e komo ai i loko o ka ʻupena.
ʻO Mackerel kahi iʻa iʻa migratory, koho ia i kahi noho no ka wai kahi i ke anuanu kūpono, no laila e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā kula pilikino i nā moana āpana koe wale nō ʻo ka Arctic. I ke kauwela wela, kūpono nā wai kai ʻāina i ke ola o ka iʻa, no laila uaʻaʻa ʻia i nā wahi āpau: mai ke kahakai o Britain Nui a hiki i ka Leka Hema.
Pōʻino nā wai ma kahi kuʻuna no ka mackerel ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe: nā liona kai, nā pelicans a me nā iʻa nui a ka iʻa ma luna o ka mackerel a hiki iā lākou ke luku aku i ka hapalua o ka ʻohana no ka holoholona.
He aha ka ʻano o ka "ʻākau" a me ke "hema" mackerel:
Mackerel ʻĀkau: ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka mackerel hema. He mea maʻamau ia i loko o ka wai wela o ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Aia kekahi ʻano hōʻano paʻakikī i ka momona o ka momona: ʻo ka mea nui loa (27%) e loaʻa ana i ʻAukake-Kekemapa. ʻO ka meaʻai nui, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka plankton. ʻO ka ʻai o ka mackerel "ʻākau" ʻono, ke kō. Kohu ʻia ka palaoa a me ka palaoa i kāwili ʻia. He mea maikaʻi maikaʻi ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mālama, nā huahana uahi a me nā balyks, nā iʻa wai, a me nā huahana i paʻa.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka lilo ʻana i mea nui ma ka manoa meaʻai, lawelawe ka mackerel i meaʻai no nā mamalia kai a me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, eia naʻe, he mea kai ʻo ia. ʻO kaʻaiʻai o ka mackerel, zooplankton, iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā mākaʻi a me ka ʻano nui o nā mea noho kai.
ʻO ka mea hōʻeuʻeu a pehea nā holoholona mackerel i hōʻuluʻulu ai: hōʻuluʻulu ia i nā kula liʻiliʻi a hoʻolei i nā kula o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi (sprats, hamsa, gerbils) a kahi o ka wai o kahi wai, kahi i hana ai i kahi ʻano kalaka. ʻO nā mea kikoʻī kekahi, a me nā gulls a me nā pelicans, ka mea ʻole e manaʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai i pau ʻia, pinepine lākou i loko o ke kaʻina hana hopu mackerel.
Mea nui ka Meckerel pākeke i nā squids a me nā pahu, e kū ana i kahi lua a hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea me nā niho ʻoi. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke lawaiʻa kekahi iʻa a hiki i ka lawaiʻa akamai ke hopu iā ia me ka hoʻohana ʻole i ka maunu.
Ke kaʻina hana kai mackerel i ke kiʻii hana ʻia e nā mea aloha i ka mea hoʻonaninani: ʻano kula maikaʻi i ka iʻa i hui pū ʻia e nā mea ʻai manu ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana nā dolphins. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai o ka wai, hana nā ʻohana mackerel i kahi hum e hiki ke lohe ʻia i loko o kekahi radius o kekahi mau kilomita.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Ka hana mau momi o nā iʻa i 2 mau makahiki o ke ola, mai kēia manawa hoʻomaka nā mackerel i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka ʻole o ke kalai ʻia a hiki i ka make. ʻO ka hakakā ʻo Mackerelnoho i ka pā hale e hana i nā manawa he nui: ma ka hopena o ʻApelila - hoʻomaka o Mei, ʻawnloe ke kanaka makua, a laila ʻōpio a nui a ʻōpiopio, a i ka hopena o Iune, hiki mai ka hānau mua.
No ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā caviar, makemake ʻo mackerel i nā ʻāpana kahakai. Hiki i ka iʻa prolific iho i ka hohonu o 200 mika, kahi ma nā wahi he nui i kahi i nā wahi. Ma ka huina holo, hiki i kahi pākeke ke kuilima he 500 tausani mau hua manu no ka spawning, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea ka nui o ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mm a loaʻa kahi momona kūikawā e mālama ai i nā hua kīnā ʻole.
Hoʻomohana ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua ma ka wai wai o ka liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 13 mau kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka pihi wikiwiki, e like me ka 2-3 mm ka nui. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka manawa mai ka spawning i ka hua he 16 a 21 mau lā.
ʻO ka ulu ulu o ka palaoa ka mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke hōʻea i ka nui o 3-6 cm ma ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻo ʻOkakopa ka lōʻihi o ko lākou lōʻihi a hiki i 18 cm. Hana kēia a hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hoʻokokoke i ka 30 cm, ma hope o ka lohi ʻana i ka ulu o ka ulu, akā, ʻaʻole i emi loa.
Mea make ʻo Mackerel i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka lōʻihi ka mea ma mua o 18-20 mau makahiki, akā i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu a me ka pau ʻole o nā hoʻoweliweli mai nā mea e haʻi aku ai, ola kekahi mau mea a hiki i 30 mau makahiki.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
Hāʻawi i nā musle hoʻomohola i hiki i ka wikiwiki ke loaʻa koke i ka wikiwiki: i ka manawa e hoʻolei ai, ma hope o 2 kekona, neʻe ka iʻa me ka holo o kēia manawa i ka holo o 80 km / h, kū - ma ke 50 km / h. I ka manawa like, hoʻonaninani ka kaʻa holo kaʻa hou i ka 100 km / h, ka lilo ʻana i 4-5 mau kekona.
ʻO ia ka makemake i ka lele, ka poʻe mackerel makemake e hana i kahi hanana mālie i ka holo ʻana a hiki i 30 km / h, hiki kēia iā ʻoe ke neʻe i kahi lōʻihi a kākoʻo i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hoʻopili. ʻO Mackerel kekahi o nā kai lawelima e ʻae i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i loko o kāna mau kula, ʻo ka ʻimi pinepine a me nā sardine e komo ai i nā kula migratory.
Lawaiʻa Mackerel
ʻO ka ʻano maʻamau ka mackerel ʻo Iapana, a hiki i ka 65 ʻona o nā iʻa i ʻoki ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ka heluna mau o kona lehulehu e pae ma ka pae maʻamau ma muli o ka fecundity. ʻOi aku ka ola ʻoiʻoki o ka mackerel e hiki ai ke hopu i ka 2-3 ʻona o nā iʻa i ka pahu āpau, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kūʻai manuahi kaulana loa.
Ma hope o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻoki a hōʻili ʻia nā mackerel i nā ʻano like ʻole: ua pōʻalulu, ulaula a ʻōlelo ʻia paha lākou. ʻO ka ʻiʻo Mackerel ʻokoʻa nā ʻono ʻokoʻa a loaʻa iā ia kahi koho hānai.
He mea ʻoluʻolu ia i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki, ʻokoʻa ka momona momona i loko o ka iʻa: he ke kauwela he maʻamau ia 18-20 gram, ma ka hoʻoilo he hoʻohālike ka hōʻailona ma ka 30 gram, e hana ai i kēia momona. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka haʻalulu o ka callea mackerel he 200 kcal wale nō, a ua ʻeli ʻia 2 mau ʻoi ma mua o ka pipi, ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa loa i ka mea hope i ka waihona protein.
Ua aʻo lākou e hānai i kekahi ʻano iʻa ʻano nui i nā kūlana kūlohelohe: ua hana ʻia nā ʻoihana kalepa ma Iapana e ulu a hōʻili i nā mackerel. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mackerel i ulu ʻia i ka pio he mea kaupaʻa ʻole ʻia ma mua o 250-300 gram, ka mea e hoʻopilikia kino ʻia e ka ʻoihana kalepa o nā mea ʻona.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana ka mackerel i mea paʻakikī ʻole: he mea nui ia e koho i kou kāʻei no kēlā me kēia kau palena, maʻamau lākou e hoʻohana i nā ʻano ʻehā like ʻole. Eia kekahi, e aʻo pū ana nā māka iʻa lawaiʻa i ka hohonu o kahi e noho ai ka mackerel, pono kēia no ka hopu maikaʻi, no ka mea, ʻo ka mackerel, e hilinaʻi ana i ka wai o ka wai, ka mamao o ke kahakai, a me ka pili o nā ola kai ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka hohonu o 200 m.
Mahalo nui ka poʻe lawaiʻa i ka lawena mackerel no ka hiki ʻana o ka pīpī pāani. ʻOiai ka leʻa a me ka maʻalahi o ka lawaiʻa, hoʻomohala nui ka iʻa i loko o ka wai a hiki iā ia ke uha i ka pōkole i kekahi mau sekona.
I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki ke noho ʻē aʻe ma kahakai - ʻaʻole i kokoke loa ka mackerel i ka ʻāina, no laila, he waiwai ka waʻa no ka hopu ʻana iā ia. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka mackerel mai ka yacht ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻoliʻoli kūikawā - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi mai ke kahakai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka iʻa.
Makemake nā lawaiʻa loiloi e hopu i ka mackerel me ka hoʻopili - ʻo ia ka inoa no kahi mea hana e pili ana i ka laina lawaiʻa lōʻihi me nā kīhaka ʻaʻole pono e koi kekahi maunu. Hoʻohālikelike lākou i ka mackerel me nā mea ʻalani nani - hiki iā ia ke kihapai hinilahi a iʻa iʻa paha, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka hale lawaiʻa.
Ka hopohopo caviar mackerel, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia i ka iʻa a i ʻole i nā mea iʻa keʻa ʻole, ʻo ia nō ka meʻa o ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma nā wahi o ke anu, e like me ke ʻano he kānāwai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopakele i ka nui o ka iʻa, no ka mea ke hoʻokō e waiho i nā hua ʻili ma mua o ka komo ʻana i ka ʻupena.
Akā, ʻo caviar mackerel he mea leʻaleʻa no nā poʻe noho o East Hikina e makemake i ka pasta mai laila. Ma ka mākeke Lūkini hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka caviar paʻakai i kālai ʻia ʻia, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha, kūpono ia no ka meaʻai, akā ke ʻano he mea like me ka ʻawaʻawa.
Kuhi ʻia ʻo Mackerel i ke kumukūʻai kūpono i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ke noʻonoʻo ke kumukūʻai i ke ʻano o ka iʻa i hāʻawi ʻia (hoʻāla, ʻai paʻakai, ʻōmaki a i ʻole ma ke ʻano o ka meaʻai iʻa ʻia), kona nui a me ka waiwai momona - ʻoi ka nui a me ka momona o ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka kilogram o ka leʻa.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūʻai kūʻai mackerel ma Rūsia:
- maloʻo - 90-150 r / kg,
- ulaula - 260 - 300 r / kg,
- meaʻai kīʻaha - 80-120 r / kaʻino unitary.
ʻOi aku ka iʻa ma waho o ko mākou ʻāina i ʻoi aku ka uku ma mua o ka home: no ka laʻana, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ka mackerel Chile, i ke kumu kūʻai o 200 r / kg, Iapana - mai 180, Kina, ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, he kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa ia o nā mea i kawemai ʻia mai ka 150 r / kg
ʻO ka helu momona kiʻekiʻe a me nā kiko o nā huaora a me nā minelala, ma kahi o ka momona unsaturated fatty omega-3, ua hana i ka mackerel kahi o nā iʻa nui kālepa. ʻO ka noho ʻana a me ka hūnā ʻole i ka huki ʻole ʻana e ʻae i ka hana o nā mackerel i nā wai āpau, ʻo ke kai a me ke kai.
Kuke ʻia ka ʻiʻo momona i nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ʻo ka iʻa ʻoki ʻia ua manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi ʻono, kahi, me kāna momona momona kiʻekiʻe, he haʻahaʻa ka puʻu haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole i hōʻino i ka kiʻi.
Kaʻa ʻokoʻa nā kānaka like ʻole i ka kīʻaha ʻolua mai ka mackerel, no laila makemake nā poʻe kamaʻāina o ka East East i ka stroganin mai ka mackerel, a ma nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia ua hana lākou i nā pastas a me nā pastes mai loko aʻe, i manaʻo ʻia he mea momona maikaʻi.
Kāleka
Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Mackerel i kahi kino elongated, ʻolo a hoʻoweliweli hou ʻia i ka cuncal peduncle me ʻelua o ka karinae lateral. ʻO ka keel long longinal average o nā ʻelele o ka genus i nele. Ua loaʻa i ka lālani i hana ʻia e nā manikini ʻelima hou i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka palupalu a me ka lua anal. Me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, ʻo ka mackerel he kūpeʻe iwi kahi e pili ana i nā maka.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi pāʻina o dinsal fins e kahi ākea i wehewehe ʻia maikaʻi. He haʻahaʻa nā kaʻina ʻōpū ma waena o nā fins a ʻaʻole bifurcated. Ma hope o ka lua o nā dorsal a me nā loina liʻiliʻi he nui nā loina liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e pale ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā puahiohio i ka wikiwiki o ka iʻa i ka wai. Hōʻike ʻia ka moni caudal e ka paʻakikī a he bifurcation ākea ākea.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino piha o ka mackerel me nā unahi liʻiliʻi. Kūkulu ʻia ke kākele i mua ma mua o nā unahi nui, akā ʻae a ulu a i ʻole ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hiki i ke kihi laina pololei nā laina liʻiliʻi a me ka piko wailua. ʻO nā niho o ka iʻa he liʻiliʻi, conical ma kona helehelena. ʻO Palatine a me nā niho opener kekahi mea maʻamau. ʻO nā kiko stil Gill he lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ko lākou helu kiʻekiʻe ma ka hapa haʻahaʻa o ke kiʻi gill mua, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ke kanakolukumamālima. ʻO nā ʻelima o nā kūloko he 30-32 vertebrae.
He hoihoi! ʻO ka hapa nui loa o ka genus ka mackerel ʻAmelika, ʻo kona lōʻihi he 60-63 cm ke paona he ʻelua paha kilokilo, a ʻo ka mea ʻuʻuku loa he Kepani a i ʻole paha mau pipi (42-44 cm a 300-350 g).
Kuhi ʻia ka mackerel snout, me nā anterior a me posterior o nā maka i uhi ʻia e ka momona momona. ʻO nā stamens āpau āpau i ʻike ʻia ma ka waha ākea ākea. He pōkole loa ka pōpole pectoral i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke aniani 18-21. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hope o ka iʻa e kahi kala ʻulaʻula, i uhi ʻia me nā laina wili o kahi kala ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻōpū o ke ʻano ma ka kala kala-kala, me ʻole o nā māka.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo o ka genus Mackerel nā mea lawaiʻa wikiwiki, hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia no ka neʻe ikaika i ka kolamu wai. ʻ tolelo ʻo Mackerel i nā iʻa i hiki ʻole ke lilo i ka nui o ko lākou ola e kokoke ana i lalo, no laila ke kahakai nui lākou ma ka wai pelagic wai. Mahalo i kahi pūʻulu piha o nā pua, nā ʻelele o ka iʻa a ka Ray i hoʻopono a me ka ʻina ʻo Mackerel e pale koke ai i nā kikoho i nā ʻano o ka holo wikiwiki.
Makemake ʻo Mackerel e noho i loko o nā pī, a hui pinepine pū kekahi i nā hui me nā sardines Peruvian. Manaʻo nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana mackerel i ka mea hiki ke waiho wale ʻia ma ke ʻano o 8-20 ° C, no laila, ʻike ʻia lākou e nā neʻe o kēlā me kēia makahiki. Loaʻa a puni ka makahiki, ʻike wale ʻia ka mackerel ma ke Kai Moana, kahi i hoʻomaha ʻia ai ka mahana o ka wai.
He hoihoi! Ma muli o ka hala ʻole o kahi ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, nā kino ʻūlio a me nā ʻōlaʻi i ulu maikaʻi ʻia, ua neʻe ʻo Atlelika ma waena o ka wai i ka wikiwiki o ka wai, e hiki koke i nā wikiwiki a hiki i ke kanakolu mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu ʻike ʻia, ka mackerel e noho nei i ka wai o ke Kai ʻEleʻele e hana i ka hele ʻana i ka wā ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻEulopa, kahi nui i nā wai mahana e hiki ai i ka iʻa ke noho maluhia ʻole. I ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻoikaika maoli ka iʻa iʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻole i ko lākou ikehu ma ka meaʻai.
ʻO Habitat, noho
ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo o nā ʻano Australia mackerel ka poʻe maʻamau o nā kai o ke kahakai komohana o ka ʻaoʻao Komohana, mai ka ʻāina ʻo Iapana a me Kina a hiki i New Zealand a me Australia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina, e pālahalaha ana ka laha o kēia ʻano i ka ʻāina o ka paeʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā mea ʻē aʻe ma nā wai o ke Kaiʻula. I nā wai tropic, he ano līpona kekahi o ka mackerel o Australia. Loaʻa ka iʻa ʻo Meso- a me nā epipelagic ma nā kai kahakai, ʻaʻole i hohonu aʻe ma mua o 250-300 mika.
Noho ʻo ka mackerel ʻAmelika i nā wai o ke kahakai o ka moana ʻAmelika, e komo pū ana me nā Kaiaulu o Black a me Mediterranean. Kālele nui ka poʻe ʻelele o kēia ʻano i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Kaiwaenahonua. Kahi ka noho ʻana o kahi heluna mai ka hikina a ke Komohana a me ke kaona o Biscay a hiki i Azores. Loaʻa ka poʻe ʻōpio i nā ʻōpuna, a ʻo ka ʻaha pākeke makua nā pālahalaha nui i nā wai subtropical.
Kahi ʻia nā ʻelele o nā ʻano mackerel East i ka wai kū i ke kai, hū a me nā subtropika. Ma Lūkia, he nui kahi ʻano o kēia ʻano i ʻike ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ke kai ʻo Kuril. I ke kauwela, hele ka neʻe i ka wai kūlohelohe i ka wai, e pili ana i ka mahana ʻana o ke ʻano kūlohelohe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka māhele kūlohelohe.
He maona endrykika ka Atlantis e noho ana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke Kaiʻāina ʻo Atlantika, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kahakai hikina mai nā Canary Islands a i Island, a loaʻa nō hoʻi ia ma Baltic, Mediterranean, Northern, Black a me Marmara Seas. Me ke kahakai komohana, ʻike ʻia ka mackerel Atlantiko mai Cape North Carolina a Labrador. Ua komo pinepine ka poʻeʻelemakule i ka manawa o ke neʻe ʻana o ke kauwela i loko o nā wai o ke Kaiʻula. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka mackerel Atlantika mai ke kahakai hema o Ireland.
Nā meaʻai Mackerel
ʻO nā Mackerels nā wana hoʻoiho maʻamau. Hoʻokomo ka ʻai i nā iʻa ʻōpio ma ka plankton wai i kānana ʻia, a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi hoʻi. Makemake nā pākeke i ka squid a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi he mea pio. ʻO nā ʻelele o ka genus ka mea nui ma ka lā a i ke kakahiaka.
ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o nā mākaʻi o nā ʻano ʻōiwi Iapana mackerel i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e nā hui nui o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e noho ana i nā wahi hānai:
- euphausiids
- nā kope kāwili
- cephalopods
- nā ctenophores
- Nā paʻakai
- polychaete
- mau kapu ʻapo
- iʻa liʻiliʻi
- nā caviar a me nā ʻōpū lawaiʻa.
Aia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻai. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi ka mea nui e ʻai i ka iʻa. I waena o nā kānaka cannibalism nui loa i kaulana pinepine ʻia.
He hoihoi! ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mea make kai liʻiliʻi, akā nā mea ʻalaʻawa o ka momi o Australia, he mea makemake maikaʻi loa ia, a hiki i kahi pōloli, hiki ke holo mua ʻole me ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa me ka ʻole mauʻano.
Ke hoʻokolʻi nei i kāna mea i pio, e kiola ana ka mackerel. Eia kekahi, he mackerel Atlantika i ke kekona kekona he hiki hiki ke hoʻomohala ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana a hiki i 70-80 km / h. Holo ka wai predator wai, ʻauwana me nā ʻohana. ʻO kahi mea e ʻimi ai no kahi ʻohana nui i hana pinepine ʻia ka hamsa a me nā ʻōpio, a me nā pulu. ʻO nā hana hoʻohui i hui ʻia o nā ʻelele makua o ka ʻōiwi hoʻonāukiuki i mea pio e piʻi i ka wai. ʻO ka manawa pinepine kekahi mau mea hoʻolaʻa aola nui i hoʻonui ʻia, me nā seagulls hoʻi, e hui pū me ka ʻaha.
Pahu a keiki
Hoʻomaka nā hua kula kula thermophilic Pelagic i ka lua o ka makahiki o ke ola. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā poʻe pākiki ke hana i nā keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i ka makahiki he ʻumikumamāwalu a hiki i ka iwakālua makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka mackerel maikaʻi loa i ka kuahiʻu i ka waena o ka pūnāwai puna. ʻO ka poʻe'ōpio ke hana hewa hou i ka hopena o Iune. ʻO ka caviar kāpili. Lawe ʻia ke kaʻina hana i nā wai mahana i ke kai i ka wā o ke kauwela-kauwela.
ʻ breedlelo ikaika ʻo Mackerels o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Manaʻo nā ʻelele a pau o ka iʻa lau Bacilli, ka ʻohana mackerel, a me ke kauoha mackerel e hoʻohua nui ʻia nei, no laila, haʻalele ka poʻe pākeke i kahi hapalua miliona miliona hua e waiho ana ma kahi hohonu o 200 mau mika. ʻO ka lōʻihi pākuhi hua ʻōlelo ma kahi o hoʻokahi milimita. Aia kēlā me kēia hua i ka hāʻule o ka momona, kahi mea e ʻai ai no ka manawa mua no ka hoʻomohala a me ka hua wikiwiki.
He hoihoi! ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka huaʻōleʻa mackerel e hilinaʻi pololei i ka hōʻoluʻolu i loko o nā wahi wai, akā pinepine ka hoʻololi ma waena o 10-21 mau lā.
ʻO ka mackerel larva ka hopena a me ka karnivorous, no laila makemake i ka cannibalism. ʻO ka palaoa i lawe mai i nā hua i loko o ka honua he mea liʻiliʻi loa ka nui, a me ko lākou lōʻihi awelika, e like me ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i kekahi mau kenimika. E ulu wikiwiki a ikaika nui ka pīpī Mackerel, no laila e ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e lohi ai ko lākou nui i nā ʻekolu a ʻoi aʻe paha ka manawa. Ma hope o kēlā, lohi ka nui o ka mackerel juvenile.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Nui nā ʻōpū o nā ʻelele āpau o ka ʻohana mackerel i loko o ke kai kūlohelohe maoli, akā he nui ka liona kai a me nā pelicans, nā tuna nui a me nā keu nā pōpilikia kūikawā i kahi kanaka hōʻino. ʻO ka iʻa pelagic Flocking, mālama pinepine ʻia i nā wai kahakai, he pilina koʻikoʻi ma ke kaulahao trophic. ʻO Mackerel, he mau makahiki ʻole, he ʻaina maʻamau ka nui o nā iʻa pelagic nui wale nō, akā no kekahi mau holoholona manu.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻOi ākea ākea i kēia lā nā ʻāpana o nā ʻano mackerel Kepani, nona nā kānaka kaʻawale ka noho ʻana i ka wai o nā kai āpau. ʻO ka nui o nā mackerel ka mea e hoʻopili ʻia ma nā wai o ke Kai Akau.
Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu momona, mālama ʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu i ka pae paʻa, ʻoiai paha i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka iʻa i kēia mau iʻa.
E hoihoi pu ia no hoi:
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka lehulehu o nā lālā āpau o ka ʻohana mackerel a me kāna ʻano gen Mackerel ʻo ia ka mea haʻahaʻa loa. ʻOiai ʻo ka pulu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻōiwi a pau e hiʻona nui ana, aia i kēia manawa aia kekahi mana nui i hoʻokahi wale nō o nā ʻano kikoʻī.
ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa
He iʻa waiwai waiwai ʻo Mackerel.. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ka ʻiʻo momona, waiwai i ka “vitamin” B12, ʻaʻohe hua liʻiliʻi, ʻoluʻolu nā koina. Kūpī ʻia ka ʻiʻo lau i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a pākī ʻia i nā lau maloʻo. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia nā ʻelele o nā ʻano huaʻōlelo Iapana i nā wai o ka Moana Pakipika. Iā ʻo Iapana a me Rūsia i hopu ʻia ma ka mackerel Iapana i ka hoʻoilo ʻana i nā ʻulā.
ʻO nā māka nui loa e ʻike ʻia mai Kepakemapa a Nowemapa. Hōʻalo ʻia nā hana lawaiʻa e nā ʻōpala o nā hohonu ʻē aʻe, a lawe ʻia nō hoʻi me ke kōkua o ka ʻāʻī ʻana a me nā ʻupena paʻa, nā ʻeke a me nā ʻeke kuʻuna, nā paʻu uede. ʻO ka iʻa iʻa i komo i ka mākeke o ka honua i loko o ka uahi a me ka hau i kaʻaila, i loko o ka paʻakai a i kēne. ʻO kēia ʻo Mackerel ka mea e hoʻokūkū ai ka ʻoihana kalepa ma Iapana.
ʻO ka nui o ka mackerel
Hoʻolālā ʻo Mackerel ma ka mākeke Lūkia i ke ʻano o N / R a me B / G
no N / A: 200/400, 300/500, 400/600, 500+, 600+
no b / g: 200+, 250+, 275+, 280+, 300+, 350+
FAT: ka momona o ka momona momona he 27%, ma ka awelika, ka pākēneka o nā momona momona mai 15-18%.
TYPE o FREEZING: ʻoi loa ka hoʻokele manuahi
ʻO ka lawaiʻa Mackerel e halihali ʻia e nā wahi wai hohonu a me nā mea kanu.
Mackerel
Mackerel Hoʻohui ʻia ia i nā ʻano maikaʻi no kekahi kanaka: ʻo ia ka momona, ke ola a lehulehu a hoʻonui maikaʻi. Hiki iā ia ke hopu iā ia i loko o ka nui i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a i ka manawa like ʻole e hoʻokaumaha i ka poʻe: ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ana i ka lawaiʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ʻoiʻo ka ikaika o ka mackerel.
Nā hiʻona a me kahi noho o ka mackerel
Nā iʻa Mackerel, nona nā kauoha o ka ʻohana mackerel-like. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka loa o ke kino o kēia ʻano mea i like me 30 cm, akā i ke kūlohelohe, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea hou aku i ʻelua mau manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai e hōʻea ana i nā nui a hiki i 2 kg.
Eia naʻe, hiki ke kaupaona nā Spimenska liʻiliʻi i ka 300 g. ʻO ke poʻo o ka iʻa ka like o ka cone, ke ʻano o ke kino e like me kahi ʻāpana, i uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka huelo e hoʻomau ʻia a hoʻomāʻe ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ke kala o ke kino he kālā, hōʻailona ʻia e nā kahelehe transversʻeleʻele, ke kua uliuli-uliuli.
Eia kekahi ma ka maʻamau: ʻo ka dorsal a me ka pectoral, ʻelima mau lālani o nā waihona laikini, ʻo ia ka hiapo. E like me nā lālā he nui o ka ʻohana mackerel, i loko o kēlā iʻa i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kani ʻana i nā iwi a puni nā maka. Kuhi ʻia ka ʻōuli manu o kēia mau holoholona i nā mea kūlohelohe, ʻili nā niho.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Mackerels i ʻehā mau ʻano nui. I waena o ʻano o ka mackerel Hiki i nā ʻāpanaʻAmelika i ka nui nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēlā mau kanaka e like me 63 cm, aʻo ke kaumaha e hiki ke lōʻihi ma mua o ʻelua kilona.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi (44 cm a 350 g) kahi uliuli a he ʻĀpelelani mau melemele. Eia kekahi, mai nā ʻano o kēlā mau iʻa e ʻike ʻia: nā Atlantika maʻamau a me Australia. Noho ana ʻo Mackerels i kahi āpau kai moana i laha i nā ʻāpana a pau o ka honua, koe wale nō i ka moana Artctic. Pono nā pana o kēlā mau iʻa ma nā kai ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, neʻe i loko o ka wai o ke keʻokeʻo, pū kekahi noho ʻo mackerel i loko o ka hohonu o ka Baltic, Marmara, ʻeleʻele a me nā kai ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO nā kūpuna o iʻa i puka lōʻihi loa aku nei - ma mua o 500 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka mea mua loa i hoʻokumu ʻia he pikaya, he mea 2-3 cm ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o he koʻi ma mua o ka iʻa. ʻAʻohe hele pōkole ʻo Pikaya, hāpulu ʻo ia a kūwaho ke kino.A aia wale nō ma hope o ka holomua lōʻihi e like me nā ʻano like like ʻole o nā mea hou.
Ua hana ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa Triassic, ma ka manawa like i puka mai ai kahi papa hihiu, kahi i loaʻa ai nā mackerel. ʻOiai ka ʻokoʻa o ka wā kahiko o ka sin-finned mai nā mea hou, ua hoʻomau ʻia nā kumu o kā lākou biology. A ʻo ka manawa, ua ʻoki loa ka iʻa hihi-hope o ka wā Mesozoic i nā mea āpau, a ua ulu wale nā mea like ʻole e noho nei i ka honua i kēia manawa ʻo Paleogene.
ʻAuhea ke noho ai ʻo mackerel?
Kuhi: iʻa ʻo Mackerel
Ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano o kēia iʻa, akā ʻo ka hapa ma luna:
- Loaʻa ka mackerel i loko o ʻApelika Hikina, a ua loaʻa i ka Moana Mediterranean. I nā manawa mahana hiki i ke Kai Hōʻele, a ʻoi loa ka nui o ke ʻĀkau,
- Noho ʻo ka mackerel ʻAmelika i ka ʻAlika, akā ma ke kūkulu hema, ʻo kā lākou huakaʻi mai waena, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka Bay Biscay. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā mokupuni ʻo Canary a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o ke Kaiʻula. ʻO ka mea maʻamau loa ma ka moana Mediterania, i loko o kona māhele hema. Loaʻa nā ʻōpio i nā wahi a pau i Kongo, akā ʻo nā lawelua e kau ana i ke kūkulu ʻākau,
- Noho ʻo mackerel Iapana i ke kahakai hikina o ʻAsia a me Iapana, ʻo nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia, i ka hikina a hiki ke ʻike ʻia i Hawaii,
- Ua ʻike ʻia ka mackerel ʻĀpelika ma kahakai o Australia, a ʻo New Guinea, ʻo Filipina, Hainan a me Taiwan, Iapana, e pālahalaha aku ana i ke kūkulu ʻākau a hiki i ko Kuril Islands. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi mamao loa ma nā ʻaoʻao nui: ma ke Kaiʻula, ke Kaiʻula o Aden a me ke G Persian Persian. ʻOiai ke hoʻopau ʻia ana kēia ʻano holoholona, manaʻo ʻia ma lalo o ka Kepani.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ke ola nui nei ka mackerel i nā wai o ke aniani wela: Heʻuʻuku a lōʻihi loa hoʻi i ke kūkulu ʻākau, i loko o nā kai o ka moana Artctic, a me nā ʻāina wela wela loa. Ma ke ano like no nae me ka mahanahana o na wai o ia mau kai kahi e noho ai ke nui. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o ka manawa: neʻe ia i nā wahi i kahi wai ma ke ʻano wela (10-18 ° C).
ʻO ka hana maoli e noho nei ka iʻa e noho ana ma ka moana ʻo India: ʻaʻole i loli ka nui o ka wai i loko o ka makahiki, a no laila, ʻaʻohe kumu o ka lele. E neʻe ana kekahi mau ʻōiwi i ka lōʻihi ma ka lōʻihi, no ka laʻana, ʻeleʻele ka ʻeleʻele mackerel i ka ʻĀpela ʻAmelika i ka hoʻoilo. I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, hana ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi hoʻi.
ʻĀnō ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi i loaʻa ai ka mackerel. E nānā kākē ʻia i kēia iʻa.
He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ka mackerel?
Kuhi: Mackerel i loko o ka wai
Aia ka papa kuhikuhi o kēia iʻa:
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka mackerel, ʻai nui ia i ka plankton: kānana ia i ka wai a ʻai i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe i loko. Pou pū kekahi i nā crabs liʻiliʻi, larvae, iniseti a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, me ka ʻole o ka ʻokoʻa i waena o lākou.
Akā hiki ke komo i loko o ka wānana: e ʻimi i nā ʻano oʻa like ʻole. I ka hapanui pinepine, e hānai ana i nā pipi a ʻai wale paha i nā iʻa. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia papaʻano i ka iʻa pālama, a me nā pūpū e hiki ke hoʻouka i ka nui o ka nui.
Hiki i ke kula nui o ka mackerel ke hopu ʻia i nā kula o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e hoʻāʻo e pakele i ka neʻe ʻana i ka hohonu o ka wai. A laila hoʻomaka ka haunaele: ʻo ka mackerel lākou i ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā manu ʻē aʻe i luna, nā pitikini a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe e ʻaʻa ana i ka walaʻau.
ʻAi pinepine ʻo Mackerel i kā lākou ʻohana ponoʻī. ʻOiai he maʻamau ka cannibalism i nā pākeke: ʻo ka iʻa nui loa e ʻai pinepine i nā ʻono. Maʻa mau ke ʻano o nā makckerels a pau ka maikaʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka Australia, ʻo ka iʻa ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa no ka hoʻolei ʻana iā ia iho i kahi paʻa ʻole, no laila makemake ʻia e ʻai nā mea pono ʻole ʻole.
ʻIke maoli nō: Mackerel hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia, akā ʻaʻole ia no ka mea maʻalahi ma muli o kona hiki ke hakakā me ka ikaika i ka hakakā. Hiki iā ia ke haʻalele i ka pale, pono ia i kahi pānaʻi liʻiliʻi - no ka mea e aloha iā ia e nā mea pālani lawaiʻa lawaiʻa iā ia. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu aku iā ʻoe mai ke kahakai, pono ʻoe e hana i kēia mai ka moku, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke haʻalele i uka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kiʻi: Mackerel kai
ʻOkoʻa i ke ao a i ke kakahiaka, hoʻomaha i ka pō. Ke hānai nei i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e hoʻolei i ka maka, i ka manawa pinepine mai ka hoʻohālua. I ka wā o ia mau pōkole pōkole, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, no laila e paʻakikī loa ka haʻalele ʻana mai iā lākou.
ʻO ka iʻa pelagic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke noho nei ma kahi hohonu pāpō. Noho ma loko o nā ʻeke, a me nā manawa i hui ʻia: ai ʻokoʻa i ka mackerel iā lākou iho, hiki iā ia ke komo i nā sardines a me kekahi mau iʻa. Hoʻokumu lākou i ka hulina i nā ʻeke a me nā pā. Ke holo pu nei kaʻai ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kula o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e ʻike ai i luna.
I ka hopena, ua makemake ʻia nā mea hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe, ka mea makemake i nā mea e hana nei, a me nā manu, ʻoi loa nā ʻano o nā ʻīlio manuahi i hoʻoiho - no laila, e lilo kekahi mau mackerels mai nā mea lawaiʻa e lilo i pio, no ka mea e pau ana lākou i ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e hoʻāʻo lākou e hopu i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Akā pili kēia mau mea āpau i ka manawa mahana. No kekahi mau mahina hoʻoilo, hoʻololi maoli ka mackerel i kona ʻano a hāʻule i loko o kahi ʻano hānau. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia ʻahaʻaina piha, ʻākoakoa ka iʻa i loko o nā pūʻulu nui i nā lua hoʻoilo, a no ka manawa lōʻihi ke noho ʻole ka neʻe - ʻo ia ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai.
Noho lōʻihi ʻo Mackerel - 15-18 mau makahiki, i kekahi manawa 22-23 mau makahiki. Ke ulu haʻahaʻa nei ia me ka makahiki, ʻo ka makahiki maikaʻi loa no ka lawaiʻa he 10-12 mau makahiki - ma kēia manawa hiki i ka nui lahilahi, a lilo ka ʻiʻo i ka ʻono loa.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Noho ʻo Mackerels i nā kula, mai nā iʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole, a hui pū ʻia, pinepine pinepine me ka ʻaihue, no ka mea ke kiʻi pinepine ʻia lākou. Loaʻa ka iʻa o ka nui like i loko o nā kula, ʻano liʻiliʻi loa i nā iʻa nui o 10-15 mau makahiki he nui, a loaʻa nā mea ʻōpio i loko o lākou. Kūpono mau ʻana mai ka lua o ka makahiki, ma hope o kēlā hana ia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO nā mackerels pākeke keu loa i hiki aku i ka makahiki 10-15 he mau mea mua loa, ma ka heluna Atlantika e loaʻa ana kēia ma ʻApelila A laila e hele liʻiliʻi ka mea liʻiliʻi no ka lawehala, a pēlā aku a hiki i nā pule o Iune i hala.
Ma muli o ka hana hou a ka makahiki a me ka nui o nā hua i holoi ʻia i ka manawa (ma kahi o 500,000 huaʻai i kēlā me kēia kanaka), hoʻonui koke ʻia ka mackerel, a ʻoiai me ka nui o nā hoʻoweliweli a me ka hopu ʻoihana, ua nui ka nui o lākou. Paʻa ka wai, hele i ka wai i loko o ka wai wela i kahakai, akā i ka manawa like e koho ʻo ia i kahi hohonu a waiho i nā hua i ka hohonu o 150-200 m. Hāʻawi kēia i ka pale i nā mea ʻai ʻai he nui, me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe ʻole e lawa ʻole.
K li liʻiliʻi nā hua, ma kahi o ka pālahalaha ka diameter, akā, ma kahi o ka ʻōpū, ua loaʻa kēlā me kēia i ka puʻu momona, hiki iā ia ke ʻai mua. Ma hope o ka milo ʻana o ka mackerel, ua ʻauʻau aku, akā pono nā waha e moe 10-20 mau lā no ka puka ʻana i ka larva. Aia ka manawa kūpono i nā ʻōnaehana o ka wai, ma mua o kona mahana wela, no ka mea e hoʻāʻo nei ka mackerel e koho i kahi mahana no ka hoʻā ʻana.
ʻO ka larva i hānau ʻia ke kūʻē like ʻole i nā mea wīwī, a me ka wiwo ʻole maoli iā ia iho. Keʻe nei ʻo ia i nā mea āpau a ʻoi aʻe ka palupalu, a ʻai i ka mea make inā ʻaʻole ia i lanakila. Ka komo ʻana i kā lākou ʻano. Ke hele nei ka pili i kahi larva 3 mm ka lōʻihi, akā, eʻai ikaika nei, hoʻomaka e ulu koke. Ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻai no nā kānaka a pau, make ka hapa nui o lākou i kēia manawa, akā ke koena ka mea i ulu i 4-5 cm e ka hāʻule - akā naʻe, mau lākou ka mea liʻiliʻi a pale ʻole.
Ma hope o kēia, hala ka manawa o ka ulu ulu ʻana, e lilo ka iʻa nui o ka iʻa, a me ke ʻano e ʻano nui ai lākou i ka wā like. Akā i ka hiki ʻana o nā mackerels i mea e moe ai, ua liʻiliʻi ka nui, a hoʻomau lākou.
Pehea e kuke ai i ka mackerel
ʻO Mackerel kahi iʻa koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana meaʻai. A hāʻawi ʻia kekahi wahi kūikawā iā ia e kuke ʻia, mai ka wā mackerel – iʻa maikaʻi. ^ E Ha yM. He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka momona o ka ʻai o kēia mau holoholona aku i ka 16,5%, a no laila, ʻo nā kīʻaha iʻa, no ka nui o ke kō o nā momona, he mea momona maikaʻi loa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka momona mackerel e leʻaleʻa, ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole i nā iwi liʻiliʻi, no laila maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou, waiwai i ka protein digestible a maʻalahi i ka vitamin B12.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo Mackerel kahi ʻano hanohano. Aia nā mea ʻoluʻolu loa i hiki ke hana ʻia mai kēia iʻa. A he maikaʻi loa i ka nohona o kēlā me kēia lā a no kahi papa manawa nā hiʻohiʻona mackerel, a ua helu ʻia ka nui he nui.
Komo ʻia ka ʻai i ka umu me nā meaʻai ʻai, ʻili ʻia, hana ʻia ma ka ʻōpala, hoʻokaʻina me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka hoʻopiha piha o ka waha, nā ʻokiʻoki i kālai ʻia a me nā ʻōpala mua. Eia naʻe, aia kekahi huahana i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia ʻono o ka mackerel hou i kikoʻī.
ʻO ia ke kumu ʻo nā loea akamai, i mea e hoʻokumu i nā kīʻaha maikaʻi mai ka mackerel, e hoʻokau aku i kekahi mau hana. Ma mua o ka kuke ʻana, ʻo ka ʻai o kēia iʻa ka ʻenehana ʻia i ka waina keʻokeʻo maloʻo, kaomi, ka lime a i ʻole ka wai lemon e hōʻeha i ka mea ʻono ʻole ʻia. No ia kumu like, hiki nō iā ia ke pīpī i ka ʻai iʻa me nā mea hoʻōla ʻia.
Hoʻopili maʻalahi ka fillet Mackerel i nā waihona semicircular. ʻO kā ia ʻai ʻia e kālua ʻia me ka ʻaʻa i ka foil. ʻO ka pipi a me ka kuke ʻia i loaʻa ka pōʻino o ka mea o ka liʻiliʻi, no ka mea e hāʻawi maʻalahi i ka momona i loko. A ʻo kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe e kuke i kāna ʻai ma mua o ka kuke ʻana.
ʻO ka huahana i ʻōlelo ʻia he mea hoʻohana hou. A he mea makemake loa ʻole ia e hoʻohana ai i ka mokuʻāina i ka lua kekona. I ka hopena hope loa, ʻo ka momona i loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo e holo ai rancid. A hōʻailona a ua hana ʻia kēia mea nā wahi ʻeleʻele e kū mai ana ma ke kupapaʻu.