“ʻO ka basilisk ... ke aliʻi o nā nahesa. Kanaka, e ʻike iā ia, holo, e hoʻopakele ana i ko lākou ola, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke luku wale me kāna ʻoni wale nō. ʻO ke nānā ʻana aku i kahi kanaka, pepehi ʻo ia ... " ʻO kēia ka mea i kākau ʻia ma ka bestiary medieval (kahi puke medieval e loaʻa ai nā ʻike e pili ana i ka moku maoli a me nā mea kuhi maoli) e pili ana i ka basilisk pohihihi.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka basilisk he mea kaʻao, he moʻo ʻano, akā, e like me kāu e ʻike nei, ma nā ʻano ʻōlelo ʻē kekahi. Manaʻo wau e hoʻokomo i loko o ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi o nā moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo a ʻike iā wai ka basilisk a me nā mea kupaianaha a nā poʻe i hāʻawi ai.
Hoʻouna mākou i ka mōʻaukala i nā wā kahiko i ka mamao o ʻAmelika, a ʻoi aku ka pololei i ka wao Libya. Aia kahi ola haua liʻiliʻi akā weliweli a me kahi hōʻailona keʻokeʻo ma kona poʻo. Weliweli loa nā kamaʻāina a me nā mākaʻikaʻi e hālāwai me ia ma ko lākou huakaʻi, ʻoiai ua make ka nahesa, a me kāna hana kupanaha e neʻe me ke poʻo o luna, e hilinaʻi ana ma kona huelo ʻo ia e makaʻu. ʻAʻole maopopo ka inoa maoli o ka nahesa, akā, kapa ʻia ka poʻe Helene likoleka, ʻo ia kahi "aliʻi."
ʻO ka lono e pili ana i kahi nahesa ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā ʻEulopa, a ʻoi aku hoʻi e hoʻonani ʻia me nā ʻōlelo weliweli ma ke ala.
Mea Kaha i ko Pliny ma Como. ʻElua makahiki
ʻO ke kiʻi: JoJan, en.wikipedia.org
Eia ka mea a Pliny ka Elder i kākau (Roma kākau, 1 kenekulia AD) e pili ana i kēia hana mana o ka wao nahele:
"He lawa a kupanaha ka basilisk: nā mea e ʻike i ka make koke. Aia kekahi wahi keʻokeʻo ma kona poʻo e like me ka diadem. ʻAʻole oi aku kona lōʻihi ma mua o 30 centimita. Lawe ʻo ia i nā nakahi e lele me ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana a neʻe hoʻi, ʻaʻole e hoʻolilo i kona kino holoʻokoʻa, akā ke hāpai nei i kāna ʻaoʻao waena. ʻAʻole wale nō mai ka paʻi ʻana, akā nō hoʻi mai ka hanu o ka basilisk, nā lāʻau a me ka mauʻu i hoʻomaloʻo, a nāpaʻa nā pōhaku ... "
Hōʻike ka ʻike hou loa i ka mōʻaukala o ka wao nahele, ka basilisk no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka make o ke ola a puni a me ka ʻike o ke one.
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ʻo Weasel i kahi basilisk. Ke kiʻi ʻana mai kahi kākau kope waena
Hoʻi: Punaʻi
No laila huli pono kekahi holoholona maʻamau i mea kupaianaha maikaʻi loa, mahalo i ka mea hikiʻole ke makaʻu i ke kanaka a me nā makaʻu kanaka, a laila keu.
ʻO ka poʻe Helene, e kāhea ana i ke aliʻi nahesa, ua hāʻawi iā ia i ka kuleana o ke luna o ka reptile: nahesa, nā ʻlio, nā kīlū. Ua unuhi ka poʻe Roma i ka inoa o ka basilisk i ka ʻōlelo Latin, a ua lilo hoʻoponopono (Regulus), ʻo ia hoʻi ke "aliʻi."
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka basilisk me ka hiki ke pepehi i nā mea ola a pau, ʻaʻole wale nō ma ka hanu wale nō, akā, e ke nānā ʻana, e like me ka Medusa o ke Gorgon. Ma ke ala, ua manaʻo ʻia ka mea kākau Roma ʻO Mark Anney Lucan, ua kū mai ka basilisk mai ke koko o nā Medusa i pepehi ʻia, he kūpono kūpono loa, no ka mea ʻaʻole ka lauoho, aia nā ʻoka o ke poʻo o ka Gorgon. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i loko o ka maka o ka basilisk, inā ʻole ʻoe e kuhi ʻia iā ʻoe, a hiki paha iā ʻoe ke lanakila ʻia me ke kōkua ʻana o ke aniani i huli ai ka maka o ka popopo i ka basilisk iā ia iho.
Aia kekahi holoholona i ka honua e hiki ai ke lanakila i ka basilisk - kahi mea he weasel, kahi mea liʻiliʻi no ka ʻohana marten. ʻAʻole mālama pono ʻo Weasel i nā hoʻopunipuni āpau o ka basilisk. He makaʻu ʻo ia i ka basilisk a me ka hoʻōho ʻana a ka moa, mālama ʻo ia e lele iā ia, a make paha.
He mea kupaianaha ka hoʻonāukiuki ma waena o ka basilisk a me ka moa, no ka mea, me ka moa manu e pili pū ana ka moʻolelo o ka hānau ʻana o kekahi holoholona hihiu. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o Pierre de Beauvais (1218) e haʻi ana i ka hua basilisk e hoʻomaka e hana i loko o ke kino o ka moa. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka kahu hipa i kahi ma ka wahi i mālama ʻia ai kahi manu, kahi e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai e ka lime. Hōʻalo kahi mea ola mai kahi hua manu me ke poʻo o ka moa, ke kino o ka ʻaki a me kahi ʻoi manu lōʻihi. Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ka basilisk, akā kuroolisk, a i ole hika, kona hoahānau. Akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka kuroolisk ma mua o ka basilisk; nā nāhele a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻolohe ʻole ai.
ʻO nā kauka o ka lima o ka moku ʻo Kazan me kahi wehewehe ʻākala, i ʻae ʻia e Alexander II, 1856
Hoʻi kiʻi
Aia kekahi ʻano mea ma Rusia, i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia kekahi kahua. ^ E Ha yM. I ka hale, kahi o ka pā hale, kahi pili pili i ka brownie, i noho i ka pā o ka hale. I ke ao, ua like ʻo ia me he nahe ʻolua me ke poʻo o ka moa a me kahi kuahi, a a ʻo ka pō ua loaʻa ke ʻano like me ka mea nona ka hale. ʻO ka pā hale ka uhane o ka hale a me ka pā. Akā ua hana aloha ʻo ia me nā nahesa a ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia.
I ka wā ʻo Renaissance, ua hana ʻia ka nui o nā basilisk i kā ʻia mai nā wahi o nā holoholona moana. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka basilisk i nā halepule nui i loko o ka halepule, nā pākeke a me nā ʻūhā o nā mea kaua. I loko o nā puke heraldic, aia ka basilisk i ke poʻo a me nā wāwae o ka moa, kahi kino manu i uhi ʻia me nā unahi, a me kahi ʻoi ahe.
A i kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā kiʻi o kahi basilisk. Ma muli o kēia, i ke kūlanakauhale o Basel (Switzerland) he kiʻowai i ka basilisk, a manaʻo nā kānaka noho o ke kūlanakauhale ua manaʻo lākou i kā lākou ʻoni. (Nānā: ma ka ʻōlelo Helene, ua huli ka leka "b" (beta) ma hope o ka leka "c", i kapa ʻia i ka huaʻōlelo "basilisk" i ka wā like me "basilevsk" - basiliskos.) Basilisk Monument ma Basel
ʻO ke kiʻi: jjjulia4444, Punawai
Lilo pinepine ka basilisk i mau hōʻiliʻili o nā moʻolelo. Ma Joan Rowling, ma ka puke ʻo Harry Potter a me ka Chamber of Secrets, ʻo ka basilisk i hōʻike ʻia e ka mōʻī kuhi ʻiniki, he nui wale ka nui (kokoke 20 mau mika), ka mea e like ʻole mai ka basilisk kahiko, akā aia nā mea āpau i hōʻike ʻia ma luna.
A eia pehea ʻo Sergei Drugal, kahi mea kākau moʻolelo ʻenehana Lūkia, i wehewehe i ka mōʻī ʻolua i ka moʻolelo Basilisk (1986):
"Ke ʻae nei ʻo ia i kona mau pepeia, ʻōmaʻomaʻo kona mau maka me kahi hiʻu ʻulaʻula, ke kīwī nei ka pāpale warty. A ʻo ia ʻo ia iho i ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula me kahi huelo ʻili. Ua wehe ke poʻo ʻumiʻumi me ka waha ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula ... ua hāhā ʻia kona luʻu a inā loaʻa ma ke ola ola, a laila e hoʻololi ke kinikini me ka silomi. E hoʻohuli iki, e hoʻohuli nā mea ola a pau a make, ʻoiai he hoʻopaʻapaʻa e hoʻi mai ana ka petrification mai ka maka mai o Basilisk, akā naʻe ʻo ka poʻe makemake e nānā i kēia, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻi ... "
I ke aupuni holoholona, a i kēia manawa ke hiki ʻoe ke hui i ka holoholona i like e like me kahi basilisk - kēia chameleon līwīka mea i kapaia o ko Keristia. Noho kēia holoholona hihiu ma ka nahele o Costa Rica a me Venezuela. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka make i ka make, akā aia kekahi mea kupaianaha: hiki iā ia ke holo ma luna o ka wai. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua wikiwiki ʻo ia a holo i ka wai, e alo ana e like me kahi ʻōpala. No kēia ikaika, ʻo kekahi holoholona kupaianaha i kapa ʻia ʻo Christ Lizard.
ʻO kēia huakaʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka basilisk ua pau. Hoʻokahi wale nō hopena hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea āpau o luna: nā hana kūlohelohe o ke ʻano a me ke ʻano kanaka a kahi hale kūʻai hale wale nō no ka hānau mai o ka ʻanoʻano, a me nā ʻano kaʻao, hiki ʻole iā mākou ke haʻohaha a hiki i kēia lā.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua o ka basilisk
ʻOkoʻa ʻia ka manaʻo ʻo ke basilisk (mai ka Helene - "aliʻi") i kekahi holoholona maoli, he nahesa, i ʻoi aku ka pololei.
Ma ka wao Libya, aia kahi kolo me kahi papa keʻokeʻo ma luna o kona poʻo, ka mea ʻala e hiki ai ke pepehi i kekahi kanaka ma hope o kahi kuʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka basilisk ke neʻe aku me kona poʻo i paʻa i luna, e kau ana ma luna o kona huelo, kahi mea i hāʻawi ʻia i kona nui e like me ka mea maoli. ʻO ka crest i ke poʻo i hoʻokani ka lula o ka lei, a me kona "kiʻekiʻe" ma luna o ka honua, i ka mea hope loa i kumu no kēia inoa, maoli - "aliʻi o nā nahesa."
ʻO ia ka mea i hoʻokomo i ka basilisk i ka bestiary medieval. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia he mea weliweli loa, he malihini i ko mākou honua a hiki i ka make me kahi nānā hoʻokahi.
ʻO kēia mau inoa ʻoiaʻiʻo
Wahi a ka Baibala, pono lākou e hoʻi ma hope aku, ua kapa ʻia ka basilisk i nā nahe ʻona, akā ʻaʻohe ʻike o ka helehelena. He mea hoʻohui paha a i ka palaile paha.
I kekahi manawa, ua lawe ʻia i kahi pana kīʻaha no kahi basilisk, a ma hope iho ke hoa ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi basilisk ka inoa o kahi subspecies o nā waha i loaʻa i ka inoa inoa inoa ma muli o kā lākou like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o kahi basilisk e like me ka chimera, ka mea e hui pū ai i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka moa a me nā kao.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā subspecies i nā kānaka. Hoʻokomo nui ka basilisk maʻamau i nā iniseti a me kāna ʻūlū hiki ke hōʻeha wale i ka maʻi ma muli o nā maʻi i ka niho o ka reptile.
Baibala Baibala
ʻO ka Aspid Egyptian a "Cleopatra's Snake"
ʻAʻohe mea i ʻae i ka manaʻo o ka basilisk i loko o ka Baibala, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka unuhi ʻana o ka Old Testament i ka ʻōlelo Helene.
Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, lawe ʻia ke kiʻi o ka basilisk mai ka ʻalani ʻākau, a ʻo ka ʻōlelo maoli nō, ma ka Hebera kani ʻana e like me ka "cef", ʻo ia wale nō he nahesa ʻona.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe maopopo o ka manaʻo o kēia huaʻōlelo. Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻaeʻae nā kānaka loea i ka ʻikepili, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻohana Aspid, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo nā vipers a me nā cobras, i manaʻo ʻia he basilisk.
Ma kēia hihia, he ʻano like ka basilisk me ka huaʻōlelo "echidna" a me "maoli" ʻoi, he nahesa maʻi. " ʻAʻohe ʻōlelo kūpono loa o ka noho aliʻi o ka basilisk ma ka Baibala.
ʻIke me ka diabolo
ʻO John Theologian ka paʻa ʻana i kahi ipu o ka basilisk ma kona mau lima. Pēlā e hōʻike ai i kahi hoʻāʻo e hoʻopā iā John
I loko o ka Baibala, ʻo ka nahesa nui ka hoʻohālike pololei i ka ʻānela i hāʻule iho, ka mea e hoʻowalewale i ka poʻe.
Me ka deragona, hoʻohana ʻia ka basilisk i nā hiʻohiʻona o kona "kūpuna" a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ke ʻano o nā ʻuhane ʻino.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ka basilisk i hōʻike ʻia me hypertrophied, me nā ʻēheu a me kahi pōpō nunui nui i ka pena kiʻi Christian a me ka mural.
I ka moʻomeheu o nā lāhui o ʻEulopa, ʻo ka basilisk ka mea pono o ka hewa, akā ʻaʻole pili pili me nā ʻuhane ʻino.
Eia naʻe, i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka nahesa i ke kiʻi he pili maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ke kiʻi o ka basilisk ma ke ʻano he hewa maikaʻi loa a he kau ʻole ʻia o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e like me ka hoʻōla hou a hōʻōla ʻia.
Hoʻohuʻo Heraldic
Aia ka basilisk i ka māhele o nā hōʻailona heraldic, maʻamau loa i waena o nā hanohano o Komohana.
Mākaukau, ma ke ʻano he regality, mana a me ka ferocity.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia no ka hoʻoweliweli, no laila ke pani ʻia nei i ka mana o ke aliʻi i koho iā ia me kāna hōʻailona.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa like, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka basilisk i mea e hōʻike wahaheʻe ai, hoʻopunipuni, hoʻonaninani kuʻuna, a me ka huhū. E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, lohi pinepine ʻo ia ma nā lima o nā ʻohana koʻikoʻi, pili ʻoi aku i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka loli o ke kiʻi a me ka hoʻololi o ka monster
Ma kahi ala weliweli loa ia, nānā mua ʻia ka basilisk i ka mea kākau iā Pliny, ka mea i ka lā 1st Miki i hoʻopuka aku nei i kahi wehewehe pilikino o ka nahele wao.
Wahi mai iā ia, ʻo ke ʻano o ke one ka hewa hewa o ka basilisk, no ka mea, "ka maloʻo ka mauʻu ma mua o ia, a ke naholo nei nā pōhaku", ʻo ia pū kekahi, ua weliweli loa ka nahesa no ka "heʻe ana kona mau hoahānau," "ʻo ka basilisk ka mea i make ai kekahi kanaka me ka maka hoʻokahi wale."
I ka pae ʻana o ka mōʻaukala ma waena o ʻEulopa, ua hoʻopuka koke ʻo ia me nā kikoʻī a me nā makaʻu weliweli.
Ma kahi o kahi "diadem", hui pū ka moa, nā ʻēheu a me nā wāwae i loaʻa ma ke poʻo o ka basilisk.
Me kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o 30 mau kenimika, ʻo ka basilisk, ʻo ia hoʻi, he huhū loa a he maʻiʻino hoʻi, e pāʻani ana nō hoʻi iā ia i ka ʻano hana.
ʻO ka waiū skim, ʻaihue a me nā maʻi like i hoʻopili ʻia i ka basilisk, no ka mea ua haumia a ʻano ʻino.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea kākau Roma, ʻo Mark Anney Lucan, manaʻoʻiʻo ua puka mai ka basilisk mai nā kahe o ke koko o kahi aniani, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā mea hihiʻo, e hāʻawi iā ia i ka manawa e pepehi ai i nā mea ola a pau me ka nānā.
Eia nō naʻe, ua noho mau kona ʻano hybrid me kahi poʻo moa i ke ala nui loa. I ka moʻolelo moʻolelo, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka basilisk i kahi ʻano like ʻole: ke poʻo o ka moa i hui pū ʻia me ka moa, kahi ʻōpū a me nā ʻēheu i uhi ʻia me nā hulu.
ʻO Bestiary Pierre de Beauvais
ʻO Pierre de Beauvais ka hana nui i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka basilisk, e like me ka mea i puka mai ka basilisk mai kahi ʻūlau kahiko, ma ke kino o ia mea "ulu".
Hāʻawi ka ʻona i kahi hua manu ma kahi ʻōpala o ka manure, ma hope o kahi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai e ka lāʻau puʻu. Ua wehewehe ka mea ola ma luna o ka honu, ma hope o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā moa ʻē aʻe a hūnā i kahi lōʻihi.
He lahilahi loa a wikiwiki hoʻi, no laila he mea paʻakikī ke nānā aku i ka basilisk.
I ka manawa like, nā kurolisk a me ka ʻoiate no loko mai o ka basilisk.
ʻAʻole like i ko lākou kūpuna, ua nalowale lākou i ka hiki ke hopu i nā nahesa, akā ua ulu wale nō hoʻi, a ua hiki i ko lākou hanu ke hōʻino i nā kānaka a me ke kaiapuni.
Aia kekahi manaʻo ma ka Mua Waena ʻo, ua pepehi ʻia ka basilisk e Alexander Alexander Nui. Noho ka nahesa ma luna o ka paia pā, e like me kekahi ʻōhua hou - ma ka kuahiwi, a pepehi ʻo ia i nā koa a pau me kona mau maka. A laila ua kauoha ʻo Alexander e polikī i ka aniani a hāʻawi i ka nahesa e nānā iā ia iho, nāna i pepehi i ka basilisk.
He mea hiki paha i ka moʻolelo ke kumu o nā huaʻolelo Helene, ʻoiai, i loko o ka puʻupuʻu Helene ke polū nei ʻo koa Perseus i kona pale i mea e hōʻoki ai i ka Gorgon.
Ma ka manawa like, ua hōʻole ʻo Albert ka Nui i ka makahiki 13 i manaʻoʻiʻo i ka noho ʻana o kahi basilisk me ke poʻo o kahi moa, kahi i waiho ai i ke kumu no nā ʻōlelo kuʻuna i ka ʻaoʻao o ka moʻolelo nui.
Nā ʻōnaehana Cryptozoological
Ma ka Renaissance, liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka haʻi ʻana o ka basilisk, no ka mea ʻaʻohe hōʻike hōʻike o kona noho ʻana.
Kumukini basilisk a i ʻole "ka mālamalama a Iesū Kristo"
I ka wā mua ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he mea ola, akā me ka ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mana palupalu, a ʻoi aku ka like me ka hui pū me nā ʻano ʻano o ka moa. A laila haʻalele lākou i ka manaʻo nui, a ʻike ʻia ka manaʻo e kū nei ke kūlapa me nā aʻa o ʻAmelika i ka hoʻākāka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ibis, a he hana nui loa i loko o ka ʻatikala o ʻAigupita kahiko.
Ua hoʻāʻo lākou e wehewehe i ka hope o ka basilisk e ka ʻike ʻona i loko o ka zoology a me kahi ʻili hui. No laila, no ka laʻana, nā mōlī, ka mākaʻikaʻi i nā ʻīlio a me kekahi mau ʻanoʻano o nā nahesa i lawe nona.
I kēia manawa, noho mau ka basilisk kekahi o nā kiʻi nui i loko o nā palapala aʻo a me ka moʻolelo moʻolelo, me Slavic. Ma hea kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "yard patio" a he ʻano maikaʻi ʻole nō hoʻi ia.
Ma ka'āina o Costa Rica aia kahi kilokilo i kapa ʻia ʻo "Christ", ʻo kona helehelena kokoke e hoʻohiolo hou i ke kiʻi o kahi basilisk, koe wale nō ka hele ʻana o nā ʻēheu. Ma nā ʻano he nui, ʻo kēia reptile a me ka manawa o nā subspecies "basilisks" i waiho wale i nā prototypes mau loa i loaʻa i ka lā i haʻi ʻia i kēia lā.
Basilisk i ka Baibala
I loko o ka Baibala, ʻo ka'ōlelo "basilisk" i kū mua i ka unuhi ʻana o ka Old Testament mai ka Hebera i loko o ka ʻōlelo Helene kahiko (Septuagint, III - I kenekulia BC) a me Latin (Vulgata, IV - V kenekulia). Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Rū Hōʻoia Kīwī (XIX kenekulia).
I loko o ka huaʻōlelo Hebera, ʻo Tanakh, ʻaʻohe ʻano kuhikuhi o ka huaʻōlelo "basilisk". ʻOiai, i ka 91 mele o Tanakh (pili i nā mele 90 o ka Helene a me Lūkini kūmole o nā Salamo) ka mea o ka olelo a keia huaolelo i nohoia e dr. — Heb. "פתפ" ("lion, lion lion"), a ma loko o ka Puke a ʻIsaia Isaiah Tanah - nā Heb. "אפעה".
Eia kekahi, pili ke "basilisk" mai ka unuhi ʻana o ka Synodal o ka Deuteronomy ma ka ʻōlelo Hebera nerve ("Ka wela"), ka mea e hiki ke ana i nā nahesa make, a i loko o ka puke a ke kāula a Ieremia i ka Hebera pili i pili me ia cefa, a i ole tsifonie hōʻike nei i nā nahesa hona - Eastern viper (Vipera xanthina) .
Septuagint
ʻO ka ʻōlelo "basilisk" (ʻ Greeklelo Helene: "βᾰσῐλίσκος") i ka ʻōlelo Helene o ke Kauoha Kahiko, ka Septuagint, ua ʻōlelo ʻelua ʻia i loko o ke mele ʻo 90th (Salamo 90:13) a i loko o ka Buke a ʻIsaia (Isa. 59: 5, Huaʻōlelo Helene o ka paukū).
ʻO Cyril no Alexandria, e wehewehe ana i ka paukū mai ka Buke a ʻIsaia, ua kuhikuhi ʻo ka basilisk he cub of a asp: "Akā, ua kuhihewa lākou i ka helu ʻana, a pono iā lākou i ʻike like me ka poʻe e wāwahi i ka hua o nā kolo, he mea lapuwale loa lākou no ka mea, ua uhaʻi lākou , ʻaʻohe mea i loaʻa i loko o lākou, koe wale nō ka basilisk. A ʻo kēia ʻōlima o ka nahesa i pilikia nui loa, a ʻoi aku hoʻi, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia hua. "
ʻO kēlā ʻano wehewehe e kū'ē i ka mea ʻoiai i loko o Is. 14:29 Ua ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo nā hua o nā kuhi, "he mau ʻīlio lele lele." Eia naʻe, hoʻokaʻawale nā kumu i waena o nā ʻīnika lele lele, kahi i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia, a me nā basilisks.
Ma ka ʻōlelo Kelemania-Lūkia o Butler ἀσπίς, ἀσπίδος (manaʻoiʻi) hōʻike i ka moʻo o nā ʻano mea like Coluber aspis, Coluber haye or Naia haye.
ʻO nā unuhi ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa
ʻO ka ʻatikala Latin o ka Baibala, ka Vulgate, i loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo "basiliscum" (i ia mau ma 90 mau mele), he ʻano hoʻopiʻi no ka lat."Basiliscus". (Ke hele mai nei ka hope mai ka Helene "βασιλίσκος.")
ʻ wordlelo Pelekānia "basilisk" pili i nā pelekane pupuhuia a likoleka , a i loko o ka Baibala Pelekane o King James ka mea mua o lākou e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻehā manawa: ʻEkolu mau manawa i loko o ka Buke a ʻIsaia (Isa. 11: 8, Isa. 14:29, Isa. 59: 5 - ma ka unuhi ʻōlelo Synodal ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka ʻōlelo ʻo "basilisk") a hoʻokahi wale nō ma ka puke a ke kāula a Ieremia (ma ka wahi like me ka hui Rūkia ma kā ka Synodal Translation) .
ʻO ka unuhi ʻōlelo Synodal
Mai ka wehewehe ʻana i loko o ka Deoteronomia, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i loko o nā mea pōʻino o ka wao nahele, nā mea a ke Akua i hoʻopakele ai i ka poʻe Iudaio i ko lākou hele ʻana i kā lākou lawehala (Deut. 8:15), kākau ʻo Ieremia no nā loiloi, e kau inoa ana i nā hoʻopaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana na ke Akua (Ier. 8:17 ) I ka hopena hope loa, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia mea i loko o ka mele 90:e hele ai oe ma Aspida a me ka basilisk, e hehi oe i ka liona a a me ka moʻo"(Sal. 90:13), - eia ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka lauwili i waena o nā pōʻino nui a ka Haku i hoʻohiki ai e mālama i ka poʻe pono.
Unuhi Baibala
I loko o ka Baibala, ʻo ka'ōlelo "basilisk", a me kāna ʻano like "echidna", i manaʻo ʻia nā nahesa ʻona. ʻOiai he paʻakikī ka ʻike pololei ʻana, nā ʻīlio o ka ʻohana aspid, ʻo ia hoʻi o cobras, a me ka ʻohana viper.
I kēia hihia, ʻelua mau moʻolelo o ka Baibala (Sal. 90:13, Isa. 59: 5) ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā asina a me ka basilisk. ʻO Ammianus Marcellinus, i noho i ka makahiki 4, ua ke kai i ka aspats, echidnas, basilisks, a me nā mea hou aku.
I loko o ka "Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron" ke koho ʻia nei kekahi mau koho no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kahi basilisk me kekahi mau ʻano naʻaina, akā he kūpono ka ʻike pololei ʻana i ka pilikia.
Ma ka Baibala Hōʻoiaʻiʻo, i hoʻoponopono ʻia e A.P. Lopukhin, ʻike ʻia ka basilisk mōʻaukala me ka nahe ʻike India.
I ka weheweheʻana a ka poʻe haipule Keristiano a me ka Johnologian John Cassian, ʻo ka basilisk ka lawelawe ʻana i ke kiʻi o nā daimonio a me ka diabolo, a me nā meaʻala o ka basilisk e lawelawe nei me ke kiʻi o ka huāhuā.
Hōʻike kūlike
ʻĀnō, ua hele ka moʻo mai loko mai o ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi naona ʻona liʻiliʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia he mea laʻa i loko o ʻAigupita, mai ka ʻewaʻewa ʻana i nā holoholona a me nā mea hihiu āpau, i ʻōlelo ʻia e Aristotle i ka makahiki 4 SM. e. a me Pseudo-Aristotle.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka basilisk ma kahi ʻano he mea kū kaʻao i loko o Pliny ka Elder's "Natural History" (I kenekulia AD), i kākau ʻia, inter alia, i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā hana a nā mea mōʻaukala Helene a me nā mea lawaiʻa. Wahi a ia, aia ka basilisk ma ke kokoke o Cyrenaica, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 30 cm ka lōʻihi, a he wahi keʻokeʻo ma kona poʻo e like me ka diadem. Ua kuhi aku kekahi o nā kaomi helu ʻo XIX i ke kala iā Pliny i nā ʻōlelo āna i nele ai, ua ʻōkuhi nā nahe a ua ulu ʻo ia ma luna o kona poʻo. Holo aku nā moʻo a pau mai ka ʻōpū mai o ka basilisk. Hoʻohālike au i ka lewa ʻole e like me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, akā e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ana i ka ʻaoʻao waena. Hiki iā ia ke pepehi wale, ʻaʻole wale nō he loiloi, akā he nānā nō hoʻi, ke ʻōpū, e puhi i ka mauʻu a wāwahi i nā pōhaku. ʻO Lucan, ka mea i kākau i nā makahiki like me Pliny, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ka basilisk ua puka mai i ke koko o ka mea i pepehi ʻia ʻo Gorgon Medusa, he mea hele kino hoʻi.
Puhi ʻia ka pāpū e Gaius Julius Solin i ke kenekulia III, akā me nā ʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka nahesa e like me 15 cm, ʻo ia wahi ke ʻano o kahi kapa keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole ia e haʻi i kahi mea make make, akā he wale nui wale nō o nā pona a me nā mea hue. Ua kākau ʻo Heliodor i kēia wā e pili ana i kahi basilisk, kahi me kona hanu a me nā aniani ma lalo o nā mea āpau e hoʻopuka aku nei.
Ua kākau ʻo Pliny e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu i hoʻokahi manawa ua huki ka poʻe holo lio i ka basilisk me ka ihe, akā ua hāloi ka lāʻau i loko o ka pou a make i ka lio a ʻo ka lio nō hoʻi. ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻano like like i loko o ka moʻo moʻolelo o Lucan e pili ana i ka make ʻana o kahi basilisk i kahi neʻe o nā koa, akā ua hoʻopakele ʻia kekahi o nā koa i ka ʻoki ʻana i kona lima i ka maʻi o ka basilisk, kahe i lalo mai ka ihe.
Ua kākau ʻo Pliny i hiki i ka ʻeke ke luku i kahi basilisk me ka ʻono, ʻāwī i loko o kona lua, akā i ka manawa like a make lākou iho. ʻO ka inaina nui o nā basilisks a me nā weasels i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka hana i pili iā Democritus, ka mea i noho i ka makahiki o III o BC. e. Mai ka makahiki 2 o AD e. ua manaʻo ʻia ua make ka basilisk i ka uwē ʻana o kahi moa, a no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia e halihali i kēia mau holoholona i loko o kahi paʻa.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hiki ke hana i nā ʻolua like ʻole a me nā limilima mai nā maka a me ke koko o ka basilisk.
"Hieroglyphics" IV kenekolo SM e. 'Imi ka moʻolelo, he hieroglyph ko ka Ihipona me kahi nahesa, lākou i kapa ai ʻo "Uraeus", ma Helene ka manaʻo "basilisk", a ʻo ia ke ʻano "mau loa". Ua manaʻo ko ʻAigupita nei i ka make ʻole o ka nahesa o kēia ʻano, ma ka hanu ʻana ua hiki iā ia ke pepehi i kekahi ʻano mea ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia ia ma luna o nā poʻo o nā akua. ʻO kēia ʻano hoʻohālike e hōʻike ana i ka lā a me ke akua cile waʻa Wajit - ke kiaʻi o Lower Egypt. Ua kau ʻia kekahi ʻano fīlau gula Urea ma ka lae o nā pharaohs i ʻāpana o ke poʻo aliʻi.
Koi koi I.I. Akimushkin a me nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia he basiperk he pana kīʻaha. ʻO kona kiʻi me nā pūliki he hieroglyph no ʻAigupita e like me ke kani "f", a hiki ke lawe ʻia e Pliny the Elder me ka nahesa me ka lei, ka mea i hāpai i ka inoa Helene o ka nahesa "basilisk" - "aliʻi".
Pānau hānau hua manu
Wahi a ka manaʻo kahiko, ua hānau ʻia nā basilisks mai loko o nā hua o kahi manu ibis, ka mea e ʻai ana i ka hua ahe ʻoka, i kekahi manawa e waiho ana i kāna hua ponoʻī ma o kona ʻāʻī (ʻo ia paha kēia ka hoʻākāka ʻana i ke kiʻi o kahi ibis me kahi hua kolo i kāna ʻupu). ʻO nā kākau e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi i mālama ʻia e nā mea kākau o ka kenekulia 4: ʻo ka theologian Cassian, he mea hoʻomākoakoa o ʻAigupita, nāna i ʻōlelo ʻo "ʻaʻole kānalua ua hānau mai nā basilisks mai nā hua manu o kahi manu, i ʻAigupita i kapa ʻia ʻo ibis," a me Ammianus Marcellinus, nona ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka basilisk ma hope koke o ka haʻi ʻana o ka poʻe ʻAigupita. nā manaʻoʻiʻo. Ua kākau ʻo Gaius Julius Solin i ke kenekulia III e pili ana i ka manaʻoʻiʻo e ʻai ana ka ibises i nā nahe nui a waiho i ka hua ma ka waha.
Pēlā nō i kākau ʻia e ke kauka T. Brown o ka makahiki 17 i loko o ka hana koʻikoʻi “Mistakes and Delusions” a me ka mea hele a zoologist A. Б. Brem o ke kenekulia 19, nāna i kāhea i ka makahiki medieval a VB Pierio (English) Rūsia. , me kahi hōʻike o kahi basilisk i kālai ʻia mai kahi hua ibis. Ua wehewehe lākou i ka manaʻoʻiʻo o ka ʻai ʻana i ka hua o ka nāhelehele a me ka nui o ka hua manu e hoʻopale i nā hua o nā manu me lākou i nā nahesa. No laila, ua haki ka poʻe ʻAigupita i nā hua i loaʻa i ka ibis i ʻole ʻike ʻole ʻia nā basilika, ʻoiai ua ʻike lākou i kēia mau manu no ka ʻai ʻana i nā nahe.
ʻ Snlelo Hōʻī Kēwē Uila
I ka makahiki kahiko, ua hoʻohui ʻia ke kiʻi o ka basilisk me nā kikoʻī hou, i kahi e kā ʻia ʻia mai kahi hua manu i waiho ʻia e ka wīwī kahiko, i waiho ʻia i ka manure a kālai ʻia e ka manu. Ua ʻano like nā manaʻo o ka helehelena: hoʻomaka ʻia ka basilisk e hōʻike ʻia me he ʻīlio me ka ʻoki o ka nahesa, i kekahi manawa me ke kino o ke kuahiwi, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau koho ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa ka ʻōlelo hoʻopili mua ma ka Pierre de Beauvais (Fr.) Lūkia. i ka makamua o ka XIII ken. Hōʻike hou ʻo ia i ka wehewehe ʻana iā Pliny, ka wehewehe ʻana i ka basilisk me he naʻo ʻokiʻoki, akā ʻōlelo nō hoʻi ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia i kekahi manawa he ʻano ʻahuʻī me ke kuʻikuʻo o ka nahesa, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kiʻi like, a i kekahi manawa ua hānau ʻia mai ka moa. ʻOiai ka manaʻo like o ka hilinaʻi i ka basilisk pili i ka dogmas pule i hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia iā ia, ʻo Albert ka Nui i ka kenekulia 13 e noʻonoʻo i nā moʻolelo nīlia e pili ana i kahi basilisk i lele ʻia mai kahi hua moa.
Aia nō hoʻi ia inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka maka o ka basilisk me ke aniani, a laila e make ka ʻike ʻana iā ia iho, e like me ka Gorgon Medusa. ʻO kēia hoʻoholo i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia i ka ʻōlelo hōʻino o kekahi mea noiʻi o ka makahiki he 11. Al-Biruni: "No ke aha lā i pau ʻole ai kēia i kēia mau ʻeke?" . ^ E Ha yM. I ka makahiki 13, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hōʻuluʻulu o nā moʻolelo ʻo Roma Romana, a me kāna mea i hoʻohui ʻia "The History of the Battles of Alexander the Great", aia kahi basilisk, e noho ana ma ka paia o ka pā (ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ma ka mauna), e luku ana i nā koa he nui me kona mau maka, a laila ua kauoha ʻo Alexander Nui Nui. ke nānā nei i ke aniani i make ai ka nahesa iā ia iho.
E like me nā manaʻo o Luzhichans, he basilisk ka moa me nā ʻēheu dragon, nā ʻona a me ke tiger, ke kālele a ke ʻula, kahi kuʻo a me nā maka ʻulaʻula, he lei pāpale hoʻi ma kona poʻo a me ka ʻōpala ʻōpala (i nā unahi) a puni kona kino, ʻoiai paha e like me ka ʻīlio nui . ^ E Ha yM.
Aia kekahi manaʻo like like me ka pili o Lithuania e pili ana i ka nahesa lele Aitvaras. Hoʻonoho ʻo ia mai loko mai o ka hua o ka moa ʻeleʻele, kahi e mālama ai i loko o ka hale no 7 mau makahiki. I ka pō, lawe ʻo ia i ke kālā a me nā meaʻai, e like me ka ʻona ʻono, e kāwī nei i loko o nā pā.
Ua manaʻoʻiʻo nā Poles i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke basilisk e ka diabolo.
"Loulou ka Ferret me kahi basilisk." Ua kahakahaia e Hollar, i ka makahiki XVII.
ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi basilisk mai ka puke a Aldrovandi "The History of Snakes and Dragons" (Bologna, 1640)
Kuhihewa a me Cryptozoology
Me ka hiohao o nā ʻike kūlohelohe i ka Renaissance, ua ʻike ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o ka basilisk.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo hope loa o kahi "hālāwai" me ia ma Warsaw a hiki i 1587. Elua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, he kanalua ka meaʻepekema maoli ʻo Conrad Gesner e pili ana i ke ʻano o kahi basilisk. ʻO Edward Topsell i ka makahiki 1608 ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he ʻoi pū me kahi ʻoki o ka nahesa, akā naʻe i mea ʻole i ka basilisk. Ua holo hou aku ʻo T. Brown ma 1646: "ʻAʻole kēia mea kanu wale nō he basilisk, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ma ke ʻano.
Ua ʻōlelo mai ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me naturalist N.N. Nepomnyashchy i ka moʻolelo o ka Baibala i ka hānau ʻana o nā basilisks mai nā hua aspid (ma ka ʻōlelo Helene a ʻIkāka 59: 5) a me ke kiʻi o ka basilisk, ka nahe-kahelehe, he mea kuee i ka manaʻo no ka poʻe Egyptiana i ka manu ibis. ʻOiai, e like me ka mōʻī, ʻai i nā basilisks, mai nā hua o lāua i hānau ai lākou.
ʻO kekahi manawa no kahi basilisk ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe. No ka mea, ma 1202, ma Vienna, kahi ʻāpana o ke one, i like me ka moa, i loaʻa i loko o kahi mina, lawe ʻia no ia, ka mea, me ka puʻupuʻu o lalo o ka hydrogen sulfide, weliweli nā kānaka noho me ka weliweli, a ua mālama ʻia kēia hanana i nā moʻolelo o ke kūlanakauhale. I ka makahiki 1677, ua kākau ʻia ka palapala e pili ana i kēia "hālāwai me ka basilisk" i kahi ʻāpana pōhaku a kau ʻia ma kēia luawai. A i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia XX, ua iho nei kahi kumu noiʻi noiʻi i ka luawai a ʻike ʻia kahi pōhaku e like me kahi basilisk.
Nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe
ʻO D. B. De Toni, e haʻi ana i ka hana a Leonardo da Vinci, ka mea nāna i haʻi iā Pliny, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ka wehewehe o ka basilisk e like me ka līlele pale.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he maʻamau nā loea ma ʻEulopa: haʻalele i nā holoholona, hala lākou iā lākou he mau mea ʻano maikaʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, hāʻawi ʻia he ala no kahi basilisk. ʻO ka hapa nui o kāna mau kiʻi e kiʻi hou ana i 16th - 17 mau kenekulia ua hoʻokumu pono ʻia i ia mau hiʻohiʻona.
ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi basilisk i ka moʻomeheu
ʻO kahi basilisk (me ka pua, ʻo ka liona a me ka deragona - e hoʻokumu ana i ka mele o ka 90th) i waena o nā kiʻi zoomorphic o nā daimonio a me ka diabolo, i hāpai ʻia ma ka hana mele Karistiano.
I ke kahua o ka hoʻomohalaʻana o nā kiʻina Kalikimaka o ka manawa IV - hoʻomaka o IX mau kenekulia, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā haku o Byzantine i ka ʻōlelo maʻamau o nā hōʻailona. ʻO Christ ma luna o ka Aspid a me Basilisk i hōʻike ʻia ma nā pale kaua o nā kukui Byzantine.
"ʻO Kristo e lanakila nei ma luna o ka Aspid a me ka Basilisk" kekahi o nā kiʻi līpono lōkahi o ka hōʻailona o Iesū Kristo. Ma waena o nā kiʻi i ʻike ʻia ua hiki ke kapa ʻia he hoʻomaha i ko ka IX kenekulia ma ivory mai ka hale waihona ʻo Oxford. Hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻano like like i loko o ka maka o ka ʻākau hema o ka Cathedral o San Giusto ma Trieste. Ma kona lima hema ka mea a Kristo i hoʻopaʻa i kahi puke paʻa, a hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia me kona kuleana. Aia ka poʻe ʻānela kūloko ʻO Just a me Servul ma kona ʻaoʻao.
“ʻO ke kiʻi o Kristo, ka hehi i ka asp a me ka basilisk, ma ka hema hema, maopopo, i hoʻi mai i ka mosaic o ka hale pule o ka Hoʻolālā Nui ma Ravenna. Loaʻa ʻia ia ma kekahi o nā panina pana ma ka Orthodox Baptistery i Ravenna a ua hōʻike ʻia i ka mosaic o ka Basilica o ka unbroken of Santa Croce (1 hapalua o ka makahiki 5), i ʻike ʻia e ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mea maʻi Andrea Agello ”.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻona a ka makuahine o ke Akua, e hoʻi hou ana i ka makahiki 18, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Step on Aspida a me ka Basilisk." Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka makuahine o ke Akua e hehi ana i nā kaha o ka hewa.
I loko o ka Renaissance, ua hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia ka basilisk i nā palapala aʻoaʻo a me nā loea nui e like me ke kiʻi o ka wīwī. I ka wā o Shakespeare ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau wahine hoʻokamakama, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea pāʻani Pelekania e hōʻike iā ia iho nei he ʻona manuahi me ka maka make.
I loko o ka poʻomanaʻo 1900 mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ka hiʻohiʻona Kristiano o ka basilisk-diabolo. I loko o nā mele poʻokela aloha ʻo Keats, ʻo Coleridge a me Shelley, ʻoi aku ka like o ka basilisk i kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka poʻe ʻAigupita ma mua o ka mea nui. Ma Ode iā Naples, kāhea ʻo Shelley i ke kūlanakauhale: "E like me kahi basilisk imperial, lanakila i nā ʻenemi me nā mea ʻike ʻole."
I loko o ka heraldry, kahi basilisk he hōʻailona ia o ka mana, ka momona a me ka hoʻoponopono.
I ka moʻomeheu hou
Loaʻa he manaʻo ma ka moʻomeheu o kēia mau mea ʻaʻole nui ka kaulana a me ka hōʻailona hōʻailona kūikawā, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, mai kahi ʻano koa a he wahine mele. Ua paʻa paʻa i ka dragon e like me ka mōlia, nā mōʻaukala kahiko a me ka nui.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia ka basilisk i nā ʻano nūpepa hou, i loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā pāʻani kamepiula.
Ma keʻano kūikawā, i ke kiʻi o ka nahe nui, ua hōʻike ʻo ia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka moʻolelo a Joan Rowling ʻo Harry Potter a me ka Chamber of Secrets, a me ka mea o kona ʻano hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Nā Nānā
- ↑ 123BEAN, 1891-1892.
- ↑ 12345Lopukhin A.P.Salamo 90 // Baibala Hōʻoiaʻiʻo. - 1904-1913.
- ↑ 123456Snake // Brockhaus Bible Encyclopedia / Fritz Rineker, Gerhard Meyer, Alexander Schick, Ulrich Wendel. - M.: Christliche Verlagsbuchhandlung Paderborn, 1999 .-- 1226 p.
- ↑ 123456EEBE, 1910: "He paʻakikī ke hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano o ka nahesa a nā mea kākau kahiko i noʻonoʻo ai. Wahi a kekahi, Heb. He ʻ islike ia me ka שפיפו (Gen. 49:17), ʻo ia hoʻi, he echidna pepeiaohao, a i ʻole cerast [horned viper. Hoʻolaha ʻo Tristram i ka צפע me ka nahesa ʻo Daboja (Daboja xanthina),. pili i ka ʻohana o ka wao eʻae loa i ka echidna, ʻo kēia mau ʻano a me nā ʻīlio pili e pili ana i ka ʻāmaʻomaʻo Echidna arietans a me India. Echidna elegans [ʻohana ʻōpiopio]. ”
- ↑ 123EEBE, 1910.
- ↑ 123ESBE, 1892.
- ↑ Pliny ka makua, kamaʻilio e ka unuhi ʻōlelo I.Yu. Shabaga.
- ↑ Yusim, 1990, p. 117.
- ↑ Belova, 1995.
- ↑ 12Korolev, 2005.
- ↑ 123Belova, 1995, p. 292.
- ↑ ʻ textlelo Baibala. Lexicon. Huli.
- ↑ Cyril o ʻAlekanederia. Nā hana hana. v. 8. Ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kāula iā ʻIsaia. p. 364
- ↑ 12Cicero.Buke I, 101 // Ma ke ʻano o nā akua = De Natura Deorum. - I kenekulia BC eh ..
- ↑ʻO Guy Julius Solin.Ibis, [http://ancientrome.ru/antlitr/solin/crm_tx.htm#3-9 Basilisk,] // Hōʻuluʻulu ʻike ʻike.
- He mele Helene-Lūkini Kahikina o Butler Archival kope o Malaki 28, 2016 ma Wayback Machine: kahi Helene hou ἀσπίς, ίδος (ῐδ) ἡ ... 7) Zoo. aspid (Coluber aspis, Coluber haye or Naia haye) Her., Arst., Men., Plut.
- ↑ Aloha / Salamo // Jerome. Vulgate.
- ↑ Basilisk // Multitran.
- 4 mau hopena no ka Baibala no "Cockatrice." Ke hōʻike nei i nā hopena 1-4 // BibleGateway.com.
- ↑ linekolila //V.P. Kahiipo. Baibala Baibala o Vikhlyantsev.
- ↑ 3 mau hopena no ka Baibala no "basilisk." Ke hōʻike nei i nā hopena 1-3 // BibleGateway.com.
- ↑ Echidna // ʻanlelo Pelekane o ʻEperaima, 2000.
- ↑ Echidna // Pūʻōlelo Manaʻo o ka ʻōlelo Lūkini Maikaʻi: ma 4 mau mele / kākau. V.I. Dahl. - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Ka hale paʻi paʻi ʻo M.O. Wolf, 1880-1882.
- ↑ 12
25. I waena o nā manu ʻAigupita, ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia nā mea like ʻole, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻoi manu ka maikaʻi ʻehā. He pono ia e lawe a hānai i nā hua ʻoki i kāna pūnana a no laila e hāʻawi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o kēia mau reptile make. 26 Ua kūʻē nō ia manu hoʻokahi i nā hipa o nā ʻīlio ʻēheu i hānai ʻia me ka pehu mai ka ʻū mai Arabia. Ma mua o ka hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele i ko lākou mau palena, e hāʻawi ka ʻopaka i ke kaua i ka lewa a hoʻopau iā lākou. E pili ana i ka ibis ua ʻōlelo lākou e waiho ana i nā hua ma loko o kāna ʻoka.
27. A ma Aigupita nui loa he nui o nā nahesa i, a me ka manawa like pū nō, e like me nā mea aʻawaʻi: he basilisk, amphisbane, kahi wanderer, akontius, kapena, echidna a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui wale. Ua ʻoi aku lākou a pau i ka nui a me ka nani i ka aspona ʻaʻole e waiho i ka wai o ka Nile ponoʻī.