Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo nā chimpanzees i ka hihiu i ka wā e inu ai me ka wai pāma peni. Hōʻike ka hōʻike ua hiki ke ala i ke aloha i ka waiʻona mai nā kūpuna mamao aku o ke kanaka.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ma kahi ʻatikala e nā poʻe biolika Pokole a me Pelekane i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Royal Society Open Science.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa ka chimpanzees i nā ʻano ʻano hana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kānaka. No laila, hiki i nā chimpanzees ke hoʻonani iā lākou iho me kā lākou mau lei nani a hele i ka hopu me nā ihe. Ua hōʻike aku nā mea kākau o ka moʻolelo i ka hui pū ʻana a me nā kānaka i hui pū ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wai inu.
No 17 mau makahiki, ke nānā nei nā poʻe loea i ka nui o nā chimpanzees e noho kokoke ana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Bossou i Guinea (West Africa). ʻO ka poʻe noho o kēia wahi e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka ʻāpala i kapa ʻia ka uaina palm - raffia wai wai, ua loaʻa i ke ʻano kūlohelohe kūlohelohe. No ka hōʻiliʻili i kēia inu ʻawa, ʻokiʻoki ka poʻe mahiʻai i nā pihi o nā pāma i hoʻonoho i nā ipu o ka mea e kahe ana o ka wai.
Lawe ʻia ke kolamu o ka "waina" i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, akā naʻe i nā manawa ʻē aʻe o ke ao nei e hele aku nei nā chimpanzees i nā ipu. Ua nānā nā ʻepekema ʻepekema pehea e kālai ai i ka lau i loko o ko lākou waha, e hana ana i ke ʻano o ka pōpō. A laila e huki nā chimpanzees i loko o nā mea lawe a hoʻowelī ʻia i ka wai momona i loko o ko lākou waha. Ma ka hapanui o nā poʻe e hana i kēia i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻokoʻa a makua ʻole.
Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo ka ʻike o ka waiʻona o ka ethyl alkohol i ka wai pāma i ka 3-3.5%. ʻO ka nui o kēia inu, ka mea e inu ʻia e nā mea nui i ka manawa, ma o ka ʻona ʻawaʻawa hiki i nā manawa ke like me kahi pahu o ka waina maʻamau. ʻOiai ke kū mua nei nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka makemake nui o nā kaikuahine i ka wai ʻawa, ua kākau mua nā mea kākau o ka hana i ka hoʻohana maʻamau ʻana i ka waiʻona e nā primates i ka hihiu.
ʻIke mau nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hiamoe ʻana o nā chimpanzees ma hope o kahi "pāʻina" a i ʻole nā hewa. No ka laʻana, i ka lā hoʻokahi i kūkulu ʻia ke koena o nā chimpanzees i nā hale kia pō no ka pō, ua neʻe liʻiliʻi ko lākou hoa poʻokomo i kā lākou kaila a puni nā lāʻau e hoʻopuni ana i hoʻokahi hola.
Mai kēia manawa, ua paʻa nā mea kākau o nā hana e lilo kahi kūpuna maʻamau o nā ʻāpana anthropoid a hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻohana maluhia me nā hua i hoʻolapalapa ʻia a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe me kahi momona wai kiʻekiʻe. E hoʻomanaʻo, i kēia manawa, ua ʻike ka poʻe kūpuna i hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻomake i ka waiʻona ethyl i kahi o 10 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Elele
Kuhi ʻia kēia mau lāʻau kūloko nunui i nā mea aloha ʻawaʻawa. Ua lilo lākou i ka mea ʻawaʻawa ma ko lākou hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā huaʻai penu. He ʻano maʻamau ko ka ʻōpū ʻana i nā mea kanu gula i loko o kahi lua, me ka hoʻolei aku iā lākou me nā lau a ke kali ʻana i kahi ʻano mash. E maikaʻi nā mea āpau, akā hiki i nā mea ʻona ʻawaʻawa ke hana i nā mea weliweli. ʻO nā hihia kahi e hōʻino ʻia ai ka poʻe a me ko lākou mau hale hale i mea maʻamau ʻole mai nā pūʻulu he ʻihi ʻona.
Monikula
ʻO nā holoholona punahele nui-holoholona he aloha i ka waipuna. ʻAi lākou i ka hua ʻaiwa a ʻaihue i ka waiʻona mai nā kānaka. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e nā mea huluhulu monkey. ʻO ka alakona kekahi o nā baits kaulana loa no nā poachers. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maopopo ka mau moʻo e inu i ka wā. Hiki ke ho'ōki wale ke kumukūʻai i ka wā e pau maikaʻi loa ai ʻo ia.
Naʻu
ʻO ka Moose ka nui loa o nā mea inu mai ka ʻohana deer. A ʻona, ua kau kekahi i kahi pōpilikia. A i kekahi manawa ua ʻike ʻia kahi moʻo keu ʻona loa ma waena o nā lāʻau ʻelua. ʻO nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe kekahi i makemake e inu. Eia kekahi, aia kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi: ʻo ka ʻākau kahi o kahi o ka deer, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka inu ʻana i ka wai inu.
Nā manu
ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo hoʻi nā manu i ka inu ʻana i ka wai o nā mea kanu fermented. Nui nā manu i aloha i ka waiʻona, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻawa. A ua manaʻo ʻia ka makewai he mea inu nui loa. Loaʻa ka poʻe Ornithologists i ko lākou makemake no ka hua ʻala i ʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā manu ʻē aʻe.
"ʻO ka inu ʻana like me ka iʻa" i ʻōlelo ʻia no ke kumu. Hele ka nui o nā wai ʻona ma loko o nā wai a me nā loko, a ma luna o ka manawa, ua aʻo ka iʻa e hoʻohana. ʻO ka iʻa ʻoki, e like me ke kānāwai, hana ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka hoʻoikaika. A ua ʻona wale ʻia ka ʻona i waena o nā kānaka o ka muliwai. ʻAʻole i mālama ʻia ka ʻōpū ma waena o nā iʻa.
Pūʻolo koloaka
Ma waena o nā holoholona i loko, ʻo ka puaʻa i ka poʻokela i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i waena o nā mea aloha ʻona. Hoʻohana lākou i nā hoʻoheheʻe inu waipiki a mākaukau mau lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana. A inu, ʻawaʻawa ka pōʻai pipiʻi: kūʻai i loko o ka pā lepo a screech a huhū nui. No kahi puaʻa ma kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi e inu nui paha. ʻO kaʻoi aku, ʻo ke alapine kōkua i ka puaʻa e kaupaona.
E kaʻana like i kou manaʻo e pili ana i nā mea inu holoholona i nā manaʻo!
Aʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka mālama chimpanzee
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina ma ke ʻano he 17 mau makahiki i hoʻopaʻa ʻia pehea e inu ai ka chimpanzees i ka wai momona peni me nā lau. Ua hoʻolako kekahi poʻe i kahi nui loa e hōʻike ana i "nā hōʻailona ʻano hoʻohālikelike." Ma kahi ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma ka Royal Society Open Science, ua kapa ʻia ka mea inu i koho ʻia e nā primata - he ʻāpala palepa a ʻo ia, loaʻa ʻia ka wai raffia.
Ma Guinea-Bissau, kahi i lawe ʻia ai kēia noiʻi, ʻohi nā poʻe kamaʻāina i ka ʻina ʻāpala a ʻoi, a ʻohi i ka lei o ka lāʻau a ʻohi i ka wai i loko o nā ipu wai, a laila e ʻohi iā lākou i ʻelua mau manawa i loko o ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi. Ua hōʻike pinepine nā ʻepekema i ke ʻano he chimpanzees - pinepine i loko o nā pūʻulu - piʻi i nā lāʻau palma a inu i kēia wai.
Ua inu ka chimpanzee manu i ka waina palma me ke kōpaʻa mai nā lau
Ua aʻo maoli ʻo Chimpanzees i ke ʻano e hana ai i nā hāmeʻa - nā hana maoli o ka hana holoholona. He aha ka hana? I ka hana uila! No ka hana i kēia, lawe lākou i nā lau manamana, ʻūlū a hoʻohuli i loko o kahi nīnohi. A laila, huki nā moile i kā lākou mau polokalamu i loko o nā mea lawe a huki i nā kumulāʻau i nā ʻuʻu.
Nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i alakaʻi ʻia e Dr. Kimberley Hockings - University of Oxford Brooks a me ka Center for Anthropological Research, Portugal - helu ʻia nā mea ʻawaʻawa o ka waina (aia ma kahi o 3% ka wai) a kāpae i ka "inu chimpanzees."
Ua hōʻike ka holoholona i nā hōʻailona āpau o ka hoʻohālikelike: hiamoe kekahi i ka wā ma hope o ka inu ʻona, a hana maikaʻi kekahi ʻelele kāne cimpanzee me ka ʻoliʻoli. Hele wāwae ʻo ia mai kahi lāʻau a i kahi lā ma kahi o ka noho ʻana ma lalo o ka pō, e like me nā poʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe.
Inu i nā chimpanzees i ka hihiu (wikiō)
No ka manawa mua, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ʻenekopa i loko o ka inu ʻana i ka inu ʻawa e kahi moʻo hihiu. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻike ʻike i ka chimpanzees no kēia inu ua hoʻohui i ka moʻolelo o kaʻikepili e pili ana i ka ʻike maʻamau o ka primates (nā kānaka a me nā mōʻī) i ka waiʻona.
ʻO kahi noi i kēia manawa e Matthew Carrigan, Santa Fe College, USA, i hōʻike ʻia nā kūpuna o nā kānaka a me nā makika ʻAmelika i hana i kahi ʻano genetic e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻopili pono i ka ethanol.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Richard Byrne o ke Kulanui o St. Andrews e ʻike ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kēia ʻano. Ua "wehe ʻo ia i ke komo ʻana i ka nui o nā gula maʻalahi - kahi kumu maikaʻi o ke ikehu i ʻāpono ʻia i ka mālama ʻia e ka ʻona maikaʻi."
Wahi a Kauka Hobeyter - Kaukaʻāina o St. Andrews, e aho loa e hoʻopaʻa i ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o nā chimpanzees i nā kikoʻī hou aku: no ka laʻana, loaʻa iā lākou ka hoʻokūkū ma ka hakakā no ka komo ʻana i ka waiʻona.
"ʻOiai ma hope o 60 mau makahiki o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i [chimpanzees], hoʻomaka nui lākou i kā mākou."
Kauka Katherine Hobater