Palapala Latin: | Parus ater |
Kaulana: | Nā ʻāpana |
Ohana: | Tit |
Hoʻohui: | ʻO ka wehewehe ʻōiwi Europa |
ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Kāhi liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka sparrow), manu manu ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hapa ʻumi o ʻEulopa a me Rūsia. ʻO ka lōʻihi he 12 cm ka loa o ke kino he 7-7 ka nui o ke koena. Ma ka wahi i noʻonoʻo ʻia, hōʻike ʻia e nā subspecies he ʻelua, aia kekahi i loko o kahi ʻāpana o nā subspecies "phaeonotus", Maʻamau i loko o ka Caucasus, Turkey me ka Middle East. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā subspecies a kēia hui mai ka subspecies nominative (R. a. aterka noho ʻana i ke kikowaena o Rūsia Lūkia.
ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Hana like nā kāne a me nā wahine. I ka manu o nā subspecies nominative, ʻulaʻulaʻula a ka ʻulaʻula me kahi pōmaʻi liʻiliʻi o ka lua, ʻōʻī ka lalo, nā ʻāpana a me nā underwig, he brownish-buffy. ʻO ka piko o ke poʻo mai ka lae a hiki i ka nape, ʻo nā ʻaoʻao o ka poʻo i ʻeleʻele me kahi pua metala. ʻO kekahi manawa, ke noho nei i kahi kūlana hopohopo, hiki i kahi manu ke hāpai i ka plumage o kahi kapa i ke ʻano o kahi pōpoki liʻiliʻi. Aia kekahi wahi keʻokeʻo nui ma hope o ke kua. ʻEleʻele a me ke poʻo ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele. Mai ka laina o ka maka a me ka hulu e uhi ai i ka pepeiao i ka kihi a me ka ʻihi o ka pahu kekahi wahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo - "pipi". Ma ka Muscovite, ʻaʻole like ia me ka helehelena like ʻole, no ka laʻana, i ka titali nui, kona kikoʻī kikoʻī, i kaupalena ʻia e ka plumage ʻōpala o ka ʻāʻī a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, ka mea e hoʻopau ʻia i ka wahi o ka līu o ka ʻēheu. Eia, ma lalo o ka manamana o ka ʻēheu, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka umauma he mau ʻupuʻu pōpoki liʻiliʻi. ʻOiʻu ka ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻoniʻihi ma ke kua o ke kua. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo o nā hulu nui a me ka nūhou e hūnā ana i ka hulu kūlohelohe, ma kahi lōʻihi e hui pū ʻia ai i loko o nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ʻelua. ʻIke ʻia nā palena keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma nā kihi o nā hulu manu aʻoaʻo. ʻEleʻele ka maka a me ka ʻukā, nā palahele-hina ka wāwae.
Hoʻopili iki ʻia ka wahine iʻoi loa i ka palaka. ʻOi aku ka nui o kona ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka pāpale ma mua o ke kahe, nā ʻāʻī a me ka umauma me kahi aniani brownish. I nā manu'ōpiopio, heʻeleʻele hina ka piko o, me kahi aniani a iʻa ʻole i ka lāʻau ʻoliva. He ʻeleʻele-hina ka pāpale, a ʻulaʻula hoʻi ka ʻili, ma ka pāpālina a me ka wahi ʻōpio he wahi ʻulaʻula palahala. Hoʻopala ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka ʻēheu.
Noho nā Muscovites e noho ana i ka Caucasus i ʻelua mau subspecies - R. a. derjugini (ʻ coastʻeleʻele o ke kai lele o ka Caucasus) a R. a. michalowskii (L Cka Caucasus). Ka ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o kēlā me kēia, nā manu o nā subspecies hope loa i ka ʻūhā a paʻa i ka ʻōpū ma lalo, a he ʻano maikaʻi loa a he ʻokoʻa nā manu o nā subspecies nominative i loko o ke kino nui, ka ʻae a me ka ʻukā, nā ʻeleʻele-hina, ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻōpū nui. ʻOkoʻa nō ka Muscovite ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ka titmouse ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻāina ʻoi aku kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kahi ʻūhā pōkole iki, ka hele ʻana o nā kī keʻokeʻo ʻelua ma ka ʻaoʻao kuahiwi a me kahi wahi keʻokeʻo e pili ana i ke kua o ke poʻo. ʻAʻole i like me ka tit nui nui, ma ka plumage o ka Muscovite ʻaʻohe ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻeleʻele a "kaula" - kahi kaula ākea e hoʻonui mai ana mai lalo o ka ʻūhā a i ka ʻōpū.
Manaʻo mālie, kiʻekiʻe, "squeaky." ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho o nā kelepona me nā ʻōmole subtle kūʻokoʻa "Puy. », «polū. », «tuiit. ", ʻŌlelo i pālua ai"syupii. », «vii. "He ʻōpala maloʻo"tirrrrrr-ti. "E hōʻike ana iā ka wikiwiki wikiwiki"KahueaHuia. ", E like like me ka kahe o kahi aliʻi ʻeleʻele. He mele pinepine ʻia nā ʻōlelo ʻelua ʻelua a ʻekolu paha.hālohe », «ti vi tiu. "a ʻole"pii-tii. "." Ke hīmeni nā kāne a me nā wahine.
Ke Kūlana ʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Noho ana nā coniferous a me nā hui like ʻole o Eurasia a me ʻApelika ʻAmelika. ʻAkahi nā poʻe o ka waena waena a me nā Caucasus, ka ʻūhū ʻākau e hana i ka ʻākau, a i nā wā he nui ka hoʻoilo ma ka hema. I kekahi mau winters, hiki i nā manu o nā subspecies nominative e hele mai i ka Caucasus. Ma nā biotopes i pili, maʻamau, akā, no ka hānai o ka hānai ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o nā lei, a me ke kani leo mālie, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo Muscovite e like me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi manu manu e hoʻoilo ʻole i nā pā hale ma nā piliona.
Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā makemake Biotopic ma ʻEulopa a me Caucasian Muscovites ʻokoʻa a hōʻailona ʻia. Noho nā Pākīpika noho kōpili, loaʻa pinepine nā lulu hui, makemake i ka spruce, pine, larch a me ka Birch. Noho ka Caucasian i ka nahele ulu aakō a me ka beech. ʻO ka meaʻai me kekahi o nā invertebrates, nā hua kanu coniferous, ʻōpala, nā nati, ka ʻapo o ka birch, aspen, maple. Ke ʻimi nei i ka ʻai, ʻai ka manu, me ka hana akrobatic e haki ana i ka welau o nā lālā manawaleʻa, hiki ke piʻi koke i kahi kahi i kū aiʻo, a i kekahi manawa hānai i ka lepo. Hele pinepine i ka poʻe hānai. Mālama ia i ka meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo mai Iune a hiki i Dekemaba, he mau hua kanu koniferous, liʻiliʻi ʻehā hoʻi i nā invertebrates. I ka wā ʻaʻole holoholona hānai, mālama ʻo ia i nā ʻohana, hoʻoliihoi i nā ʻohana manu ʻē aʻe o nā manu ʻē aʻe, e hui pinepine ʻia me nā chubs, grenadiers, pikas a me nā aliʻi.
ʻO ka wā huna mai ka lā Malaki a hiki i Iulai. Monogamous, hoʻomau nā kāne i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻonohonoho ka ʻūhā ma loko o kahi lua kūlohelohe a i ʻole ma kahi hakahaka kahiko, ʻaʻole ʻia ma nā papa o nā pōhaku a me nā ʻuʻuku o nā keiki liʻiliʻi. Kūkulu ka wahine i kahi pūnana, i loko o ka hui o 513 mau hua keʻokeʻo me nā ʻulaʻula a i ʻole a brownish speckled hua, i ka wahine no ka incubates no 14-16 mau lā. Hānau nā pipi hānai i nā lā 18-22 mau lā, hānai nā mākua. ʻAʻole i like me ka hapanui o ka ʻōpio, nā manu ʻōpio i lele wale i waho o ka nalo i hana maikaʻi me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lāʻau nano no nā lā mua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho Muscovites
Ua kapa ka poʻe iā ia he titele ʻeleʻele, no ka mea, he ʻulu manu manuʻī manu ka Muscovite. Inā nānā ʻoe i ka manu, ʻike ʻoe: he liʻikiʻu liʻiliʻi akā ʻalaʻawa ʻoi, ka ʻula ʻulaʻī, a ʻo ke koena o ka poʻo o ke poʻo ka ʻulaʻula i ka kala. Loaʻa kekahi i ka manaʻo o kahi mask i kahi o ka titmouse e ola nei.
I kekahi manawa, kapa nā kānaka iā ia he camouflage, e kū ana i ke kala. ʻAno lehu nā ʻēheu a ʻike ʻia ke kaula keʻokeʻo transverse, kahi e ʻoluʻolu nei i ka hulu o nā hulu a pau.
Pahu hina ka hina. Mahalo i kēia kala, ua hāmeʻa ʻo Muscovite mai nā mea kahiki. ʻO ke kukui a me ka lewa e kōkua iā ia e holo koke, no ka mea, ʻo 12 ka paona o ka manu he 12 kalama, a he 11 kenimika wale ka nui.
Hoʻaiho
ʻAʻole ʻo Pukikiki ke koʻo manuahi a me ka hana hoʻoikaika. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e noho me ka ʻai, no laila hiki iā ia ke lele ma nā kūlanakauhale, noho kokoke kokoke i nā kānaka, i nā māka, i nā māla.
Eia nō naʻe, he wahi kūpono kēlā me ka nahele ulu. Maanei ʻo ia e hoʻopili pono ai i nā kūlana, akā e nānā pono ana i ka wahi ma mua o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka manu ma loko o Eurasia. Ua kūpono nā kūlana climatic no Muscovites, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ua anuanu, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā mokulele. ʻAʻole pili kēia i kēlā mau luna i hoʻonoho i nā kūlanakauhale. I kēia hihia, lilo kā lākou hale i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia i nā wahi o Sakhalin, ua ulu ʻia kā lākou poʻe hipa me nā haneli a he mau tausani hoʻi o ka Muscovites. Ua wehewehe kēia i nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ka mea maoli a he ikaika nui nā kihi ma kēia wahi o Rūsia.
He mea nui ia e ʻike ai he aloha ʻo ia manu, ae ʻoliʻoli ʻo ia i kona mau hoahānau i loko o ka ʻohana. No ka laʻana: pika, ʻoki a ʻulaʻula, ʻula a me ke kīwī.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā Muscovites puaʻa
Hoʻokū ʻā nā Muscovites i nā nahele. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka moena e loaʻa iā lākou ka male a ʻaʻole i māhele me ia a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā hua ma nā ʻuʻina o nā manu ʻē aʻe, ka mea maʻamau, nā poʻe hana lāʻau, nā hana.
Ma muli o ke ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka manu ke kū kūʻokoʻa i kahi hakahaka, ʻaʻohe ona ikaika e like me ka māka lāʻau.
Eia nō hoʻi, inā ʻaʻole ʻae ka terrain i kēlā koho, kahi pali pōhaku, aia ma kahi kahi e hiki ʻole ai a i ʻole ka kiʻi, lilo ia i puʻupuʻu kaʻawale.
He hana hana nui ke ʻano o ke kuana, kahi e pili ai ka manu me ka mālama kūikawā. ʻAʻole ia e lōlihi mai nā pua, akā mai ka hulu, ka huluhulu, ka moss, ka lioha, i kekahi manawa cobwebs.
Ma muli o kēia, hilinaʻi ka mālama i ka mahana i ka wā anuanu, kahiʻoiaʻiʻo maoli ia i nā wahi o nā ʻāpana ʻōpala o Lūkini.
E hoʻolua ka wahine i nā hua ʻelua i ka makahiki - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Mei a i ka hopena o Iune. Ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo i ʻāpana brownk. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka pōpoki mua ma mua o 5 mau hua, ka lua 9.
Hāpai ka wahine i kā hua ma ka awelika 15 mau lā, i kēia manawa ke kau ʻana ke kāne i ka mea hānai. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona nui o ka wā mākā ma Muscovites e hīmeni ana, no ka mea ke mākaukau pono ia i kēia manawa i ke ola o kahi manu.
Hōʻulu nā moa i ka nui o 20 mau lā. Ma hope o kēlā, lele koke ka manu liʻiliʻi mai ka pili ʻana, akā ma hope o ka ikaika o kā lākou. ʻAno hui pū kekahi i nā keiki.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a ʻiliʻili o ke kino kūpono ʻole a me ka huelo pōkole. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui a me ke ʻano ma ka Blue Tit, lōʻihi o ke kino 10-11.5 cm, ke kaupaona 7,2-112. ʻO ke poʻo a me ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, he kīpī keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi wahi nui ʻulaʻula i ke ʻano o kahi kao-mua ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma luna. ʻO kekahi hulu i ka hulu i ka manawa i kū ai i ke ʻano o kahi pōpoki, i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā kumulāʻau hema. He poʻomele hina ke kahele o luna a me kahi paʻu brownish a i kahi palaka pale ʻana ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka lalo ma kahi hina-keʻokeʻo me kahi pale panula. He hina hina nā ʻēheu a me ka ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa mau maopopo nā ʻāpana lua ʻelua i nā lehelehe. Aia kahi wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma ke kua o ke poʻo - kahi ʻano hōʻailona e pili ana i kēia ʻano.
Sings mai Malaki a Kepakemapa, ʻo ke mele he ʻelua- a ʻekolu mau mele kumupaʻa melone mele melemic e like me nā mele o kahi ʻumi a me nā mele hoʻi. ʻO ka hīmeni pinepine, e noho ana ma luna o ke kumulāʻau me kahi ʻike maikaʻi a puni. He kāhea pili i ka ʻohana kahi inoa pōkole a mau ʻia paha "qi-qi" a i ʻole ka "cyt" i ʻōlelo ʻia i hoʻokahi pahu. Ka ʻano - he melodic "цию ----» »» »» »" hou, hana pū me ka manaʻo ʻana ma ka lua o ka mauʻu.
ʻOi aku ma mua o 20 mau subspecies o Muscovites e hoʻokaʻawale ana, ma muli o ke ʻano kikoʻī kūʻokoʻa, hiki i ka puniki a me ka nui. He mea paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻana i nā subspecies i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau wahi i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a ʻo kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā ʻano o nā lāhui he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka ʻano kikola. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi papa inoa o nā subspecies i loko o ka ʻāpana Systematics.
Mālama
ʻO ka māhele o ka ʻāpana nā wahi nahele o Eurasia a hiki loa i ke komohana a i ka hikina, a me nā mauna Atlas a me Tunisia komohana ʻia ma Africa. Ma ka ʻākau i Scandinavia a me Finlandia e piʻi aʻe ana i ka 67 ° C. sh., ma ka hapa Hikina o Rusia a hiki i ka 65 ° C. sh., ma ke awawa Ob a hiki i 64 ° c. sh., hikina i ka 62er kaila like, ma ke kahakai o ka Pākīkika i ke kai o Okhotsk. Wahi a kekahi mau kumu, kahi noho kaʻawale kahi noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kamchatka. Hōʻuluʻulu ka palena hema o ka noho me ka palena o ke kaohi wāwae a hele i nā ʻaoʻao hema o nā Carpathians, ʻĀpana Hūlani, Kaluga, Ryazan, Ulyanovsk mau ʻāina, ʻohe paha nā Hema Hema, Altai, ʻĀpana Moku, a me nā kihi o ka Amur. Ma ka hikina, hele ka palena i ka hema, e hoʻopuni ana i nā palena ʻākau kahiki o Kina hema i Liaoning. Eia kekahi, ma Kina a me nā wahi e kokoke ana i ka ʻāina (Nepal, Myanmar) he nui nā wahi kaʻawale. ʻO nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka papahū o Crimea, ʻākau komohana Hikina, ka Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Iran, Suria a me Lebanona (no nā kikoʻī hou, e ʻike i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā subspecies). ʻIke ʻia ma waho o ka ʻāina nui i nā mokupuni o Pelekane, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Kipra, Sakhalin, Moneron, nā kihi Kurilika hema, Hokkaido, Honshu, Tsushima, Jeju, Yaku, Taiwan, a ʻo nā mokupuni paha o Shikoku, Kyushu, ʻākau ʻo Izu a me Ryukyu.
Hoʻaiho
Noho ka hapanui ma nā ululāʻau coniferous kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka makemake i ka kiola i nā nāhelehele. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā wīwī palu me nā paina, larch a birch. I nā mauna mauna o ʻEulopa hema, ʻo Caucasus a me Zagros ma ka ʻākau-komohana o Iran, aia nā mauka lāʻau i hoʻomāliʻi ʻia e ka pine Aleppo (Pinus halepensis), ʻO Pitsunda pine (Pinus brutia), ʻoka me beech. Ma North Africa, hele ia i nā mea kanu o ka juniper a me ka lāʻau kedera. ʻAʻole i kū ka luna i luna o ka 1800 m ma mua o ke kai, ʻoiai hoʻi i nā mauna Atlas ua makana ʻia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2500 m, a me nā Himalona ma ka hema hema o Kina a hiki i 4570 m ma luna o ke kai.
Kuhi o ka noho
ʻO ka maʻamau ka maʻamau o nā ʻano heʻumi, inā ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ka nele i ka meaʻai, ua koi ke hele i ka hoʻouka ʻana - pio i ka wahi i nā wahi hou, a ma hope o kekahi mau manu e hoʻi hou i ko lākou wahi huna kahiko, a hoʻonoho kekahi wahi i kahi hou. Ma nā wahi kuahiwi e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā kahalaha kūpaʻu, e iho ana i nā awāwa, kahi e maloʻo ai ka uhi hau. I ka wā hoʻomaha, mālama ʻia ia i ka pālua, ʻo ke koena o ka manawa e wili ʻia ai i nā ʻohana, ka nui o ka nui o ka manawa ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 50, akā i Siberia hiki mai i ka haneli a ʻoi paha mau tausani o kekahi kanaka. Hoʻohui pinepine nā ʻōmaʻomaʻi, a ma kahi o Muscovites, hiki ke hoʻohui pū i ke poʻo ulaula, crished titmouse, pika maʻamau, ke aliʻi ʻulaʻula, a me ka scum.
ʻAno hānau
E hoʻomaka ana ka wā kanu holoholona mai ka Pōʻalua a hiki i ka hopena o Iulai, ʻoiai ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ke awelana hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaka ma hope. ʻO Monogamous, hoʻomau nā kāne i kahi lōʻihi. Hiki ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e moe ʻia e ke mele nui a ke kāne e noho ana i luna o kahi kumulāʻau a no laila e hōʻailona ana i ka'āpana. I ka wā hoʻoilina, hoʻokuʻi nā manu i ko lākou mau ʻēheu a hana i nā trodika pōkole pōkole. Hiki i ke kāne ke ʻōlehu maikaʻi i ka lewa, ke hoʻolalaha i kona mau ʻēheu a me kona huelo. ʻO ka pā wahi nūnū ka mea i lalo o kahi lāʻau coniferous ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o kahi mika ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāina, i waiho pinepine ʻia e kahi lāʻau motley ʻinā, he gadget poʻo o ka ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i ka palaho loa, i loko o ka lua o ka kiole a i ʻole i loko o kahi puʻu ke alo me ka puka puʻu. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻohana pū kekahi. ʻO nā ʻūnaka he kīʻaha kīʻaha, ma nā pulima ka mea i hui ʻia me ka horsehair, a ua lei ʻia me ka huluhulu mai loko, a i kekahi manawa he hulu a me ka ʻōpala. ʻO ke kauwela kahi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ia mea ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 25-30 mm. Hoʻokahi ka wahine wahine i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pūnana.
Loaʻa pinepine ka hapanui o nā lehulehu i kahi mau paʻi ʻelua, ʻo ia ka mea mua i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i hoʻomaka paha mai Mei, a ʻo ka lua i ka mahina o Iune. Aia wale nō ma North Africa a me Corsica, ulu wale ka hua i hoʻokahi manawa. ʻO ka pipi mua e pili ana i ka 513, e kau hou ana i nā hua he 6. E keʻokeʻo nā hua hua me nā ʻulaʻula ulaula, ʻoi aku ka kokoke o ka blunt. Nā nui huaʻai ((13-18) x (10-13) mm. Hoʻopili ka wahine i nā lā 14-16, ʻoiai e loaʻa i ke kāne nā meaʻai. ʻO nā mea honu wale nō i uhi ʻia i nā hulu hina i ko lākou mau poʻo a me ke kua. I kēia manawa, lohe ʻia kā lākou leo nui a leo aloha mai kahi mamao aku. No nā lā 3-4 mua, ke noho nei ka wahine ma ka pūnana, e hoʻoluʻolu ana i nā pīpī, a ma hope ke hoʻohui pū ʻana i ke kāne a pū pū me ia e loaʻa ana nā meaʻai no nā ʻohana. ʻO ka huki mua ka mea maʻamau i hele mai ma hope o nā lā 18-22 mau lā, i ke kakahiaka o Iune. ʻAʻole i like me nā kīʻaha ʻē aʻe, ke neʻe nei ka mau ʻīlio i ka pō i loko o ka pūnana no kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana iā lākou. I ka hopena o ʻAukake - i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o Kepakemapa, ʻānai nā manu ʻōpio a me nā pākeke i nā ʻohana, i hui pinepine ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke ola ola o Muscovites he 9 mau makahiki a keu paha.
Mea ʻai
I ka wā ulu, e makemake ʻo ia i nā meaola a me nā mea hoʻomalu o lākou. Ma ka nui he nui, eʻai ana i nā aphids, butterflies, dragonflies, nā pīpī ʻano like ʻole (me ka weevils, kele ʻuʻipi), nāʻu, nā lele, nā lele kahe, nā orthopterans (mauʻu manu, nā hīmeni), hymenopteran, retina, a me nā lā i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, hoʻololi i nā mea kanu, ʻo ka nui mea ʻaiʻa a kai maoli nā meaʻai. I ka manawa o kēia manawa, hiki i kekahi ke nānā i nā manu e kau ana mai ka cone spruce a me ka kāohi ʻana i nā hua kanu mai loko. Ma ka hoʻohui aʻe i ka peka, uaʻai i nā hua kanu, larch, yew, sequoia, cypress, cryptomeria, beech, sycamore, juniper berries.
I ka hihia o ka pau ʻole o ka hōʻiliʻili, lele nā ʻohana i nā wahi atypical no kēia ʻano holoholona - nā nahele deciduous, tundra, nā alahele lāʻau a me nā koina ʻāina. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hele pinepine ʻo ia i nā mea hānai i nā kīhāpai a me nā paka, kahi i māʻona ai me nā hua, nā nati, ka ʻona mai nā ʻōmole waiū a me nā mea ʻai meaʻai. ʻO nā huluhulu huluhulu i waena o nā kumulāʻau o nā lālā ma luna o ka pāpale, a nānā i nā hina hāʻule ma ka honua. Mālama ʻo ia i ke kauwela no ka hoʻoilo, e hūnā ana i nā hua a me nā mea ʻino ʻona ma nā puʻu o ka ʻili i ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ʻāina, a i ʻole i nā wahi i hūnā ʻia i ka ʻāina.
He ʻauhau
ʻO Muscovite ma lalo o ka inoa Latina Parus ater uhaʻi ʻia e ʻepekema ʻo Carl Linnaeus i 1758 i ka makahiki 10 o ke Kuhi kūlohelohe.Hoʻohana ʻia kēia inoa e ka hapa nui o nā ornithologists, me Russian, a ma lalo o ka inoa Periparus Hoʻomaopopo mākou i kahi subgenus o nā subspecies i pili pū kekahi, kahi o Moscow. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau o ka poʻe loea, ka nui o nā lālā o ka American Society of Ornithologists Periparus ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, i ka hopena o nā hopena o ka hōʻike mtDNA, e like me ko Muscovite a me kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe e kokoke loa ana i nā mea hana like ʻole ma mua o nā kaha. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia papa inoa i nā moʻolelo o Birds of the World.
Na palapala kapu
- P. a. ater (Linnaeus, 1758) - Hema, Central a Central Europe, Siberia hema a the Altai Mountains, Sakhalin, Northern Mongolia, Northeast China (Manchuria, Eastern Liaoning), ʻo Penina Korea, komohana a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Asia Minor, Northern Syria, Lebanona ,
- P. a. britannicus (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) - Ka Pelekane Nui, nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe ʻākau-hikina o Ireland,
- P. a. hibernicus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1910) - ʻInelani,
- P. a. vieirae (Nicholson, 1906) - Penikala Iberian,
- P. a. ʻehio (O. Kleinschmidt, 1903) - Corsica, Sardinia,
- P. a. atlas (Meade-Waldo, 1901) - Moroko,
- P. a. ledouci (Malherbe, 1845) - Algeria ʻĀkau, Northwest Tunisia,
- P. a. moltchanovi (Menzbier, 1903) - Ulima Hema,
- P. a. cypriotes (Dresser, 1888) - Sipani,
- P. a. derjugini Zarudny & Loudon, 1903 - Kaukaū Kauka, Northeast Turkey,
- P. a. michalowskii (Bogdanov, 1879) - Caucasus (haʻalele i ke komohana hema), Central and Eastern Transcaucasia,
- P. a. gaddi Zarudny, 1911 - ʻAlalia ʻAkini, ʻAulana Iran,
- P. a. chorassanicus (Zarudny & Bilkevitch, 1911) - Ke Komohana Komohana o Turkmenistan, Northeast Iran,
- P. a. phaeonotus (Blanford, 1873) - Komohana Hema (Iran Mountains Zagros),
- P. a. rufipectus (Severtsov, 1873) - Waena waena a me Hikina Tien Shan i ka palena hema-hikina i ka ʻāina o Kazakhstan ma ke komohana o nā ʻāpana-ʻoni-komohana holookoa o Kina (ma ke komohana o Xinjiang Uygur Huʻāina),
- P. a. mālamalama (Eck, 1998) - ka muliwai ʻo Kali Gandaki (Central Nepal),
- P. a. aemodius (Blyth, 1845) - ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka Himalaya (ma ka hikina o Central Nepal), ʻo Central China (mai ka hema o Gansu a me Shaanxi hema a i Sizan ma ka ʻaoʻao kahiki ʻo Yunnan), ʻĀkau a me East Hikina,
- P. a. pekinensis (David, 1870) - Ke Kina Hikina (mai Ke Komohana Hema ma ke kūkulu hema i nā wahi ʻākau o Shanxi, Hebei a me Shandong ʻāina).
- P. a. ikaikaunensis (La Touche, 1923) - Kīwaha Hema (mai South Anhui a hiki i ke komohana a ʻo North West Fujian),
- P. a. insularis (Hellmayr, 1902) - Nā Mokupuni ʻo Kurilika Hema, Iapana,
- P. a. ptilosus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1912) - Taiwan.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho home o nā manu Muscovites
ʻO ka manu Muscovite ua ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka puaʻa maʻamau, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi kona lōʻihi ma luna o 10-12 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona wale nō he 9-10 g. E like me nā noiʻi ʻepekema, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka puʻuwai o kēia mau lāʻau i kahi mau he 1200 mau minuke.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa, ua like ka Muscovite me kāna pili pili - ʻo ka tit nui nui, akā naʻe, he haʻahaʻa loa ia i ka nui a he nui ke kino o ke kino a me ka plumage faded. Ma muli o ka nui o ka hulu ʻeleʻele i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, loaʻa i ka Muscovite kāna inoa lua - ʻele ʻele.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, ua pihi ʻia ka hapa luna o ke poʻo o ka Muscovite, e like me ka-shirt-mua ma lalo o ka beak. ʻO ka manawa ma luna o ka lei i mau manawa i hoʻonui ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia kahi perky.
Loaʻa nā papalina i ka keʻokeʻo, hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi me ke poʻo a me ka goiter. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōpio o nā wā ʻōpiopio mai ka pā melemele o kēia mau ʻaoʻao like;
Hoʻomoana ʻia nā ʻēheu, hope a me ka huelo o ka manu i nā ʻulaʻulaʻula, ʻo ka ʻōpū hoʻi he hina hina, kokoke ke keʻokeʻo, ʻo nā ʻaoʻao hoʻi e mālamalama pū me kahi pā o ka mea paʻa. ʻEkole ʻokoʻa nā ʻōleʻa ʻelua keʻokeʻo i nā ʻēheu. ʻEleʻele nā maka o ka Muscovites, mobile, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo kuhihewa.
Mai nā luna ʻē aʻe o ka titmouse, e like me ka Blue Tit, Nui Tit a i ʻole loa-tailed, Moscow hiʻohiʻona kahi wahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma hope o ke poʻo. ʻO ia ka mea e maʻalahi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā ia.
Ke makemake nei kēia holoholona o ka nahele i ka nahele ulu coniferous, ʻo ka hapanui o nā nāhelehele. ʻO Moskovka kahi mea maʻamau o ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻōpala, ʻoiai ke pale aku i nā noho.
Nui kahi kikoʻī o ka ʻeleʻele. Ke ola nei ʻo Moscow i nā massif conifous i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka'āina o Eurasian.
Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻōpio liʻiliʻi i nā mauna Atlas a me Tunegand Komohana, kahi lākou e noho ai i nā lāʻau kedera a me nā lāʻau juniper. Loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa he lehulehu ma Sakhalin, Kamchatka, kekahi mau mokupuni o Iapana, ʻoiai hoʻi ma Sicily, Corsica a me ka'āpana o Pelekane.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ola o Muscovites
ʻO Muscovite, e like me kona mau hoahānau, hiki i ka neʻe ʻana. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi ola paʻa, ka neʻe ʻana i nā wahi pōkole i ka wā o ka ulia, ke kumu nui ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. Hoʻi hou kekahi mau manu i ko lākou wahi i hana ʻia me ka maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā mea ʻē aʻe e hānai i nā mea hou.
Noho lākou i nā ʻohana helu ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o nā manu he 50, ʻoiai ma Siberia hipa ua ʻike ʻia e nā ornithologists he mau haneri a he mau tausani paha kēia. He ʻano ʻano like ʻole kēia mau manu manu: Muscovites coexist with titmouse crested, chicks, and pikas.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia titmouse liʻiliʻi i ke pio ʻana. Ua hoʻolōʻihi koke ʻo ia i kahi kanaka a ma hope o ʻelua mau pule e hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻoki uala mai kona lima. Inā ʻoe e hoʻolohe pono i kēia mea i hana manu manu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i nā hopena wikiwiki loa - e lilo loa ʻo Moscow i manual.
ʻO kēia mau ʻāpana a lākou wale nō mai ko lākou ʻohana ʻaʻole ʻike nui ʻole i ka pilikia mai ka nohona. Kūpono o Muscovite tit, nā manu, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka nani kūikawā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻowai i ka nānā nui ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia iā ia e like me kona mau kaha.
Hāpai pinepine nā loea i nā Muscovites ma loko o ka lumi like me nā canaries e aʻo ai nā mea hope i ke mele nani mai ka tit. Hoʻohālike ʻia ka mele Muscovite me nā ʻano o nā tit he nui, akā naʻe, ua wikiwiki loa a hana ʻia ma nā nota kiʻekiʻe.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o Moscow
ʻO nā kelepona maʻamau he mea like me ka "pit-pit-pt-pit", "t-p-p-p-p-p" a i ʻole "c-c-s-si", akā inā hoʻāhu ʻia ka manu e kekahi mea, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka tweet; kani leo nui, a me ke kaniʻuhū "tyuyuyu". ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā huaʻōlelo he paʻakikī ke haʻi aku e pili ana i nā nuances āpau o nā manu e mele ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka manawa hoʻokahi.
Hoʻomaka nā Muscovites e hīmeni i Pepeluali a i ke kauwela, i ka hoʻoilo ke mele nui nei lākou i ka hana pinepine a me ka walaʻau. I ke ao, noho lākou ma luna o nā puahi ahi a i ʻole pine, kahi iʻike ai ke kiʻi pono o ko lākou ulu lāʻau, a hoʻomaka lākou i ko lākou hoʻokau ʻana.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Noho ka ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi i loko o nā paʻi o ka nui nui. Mai ʻelua, ʻekolu mau kekona a i hoʻokahi haneli kanaka. Puni ka ʻohana i kahi o nā mauʻāpana mau mile. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hana i nā mokulele wākō. Akā i kekahi manawa, hiki i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa ke neʻe i kahi pae hou.
Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻi mai kahi hapa o ka ʻohana i nā wahi haʻalele i ka hala. Aia ka mahele ʻana o ka ʻohana. No laila, hoʻomohala ʻia nā pae hou. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i nā manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi: Muscovite, tit-lōʻihi i ka titile, haʻi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻonui ka ʻokoʻa hui i nā pono o ke ola.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi a me ka hiki ʻole i ka huakaʻi lōʻihi ke noho nei nā manu i waena o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻAʻole lākou (Muscovites) i noho ma nā wahi ākea. ʻOi aku lākou i nā nahele coniferous; ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o kā lākou ākea, hiki iā lākou ke noho i loko o nā nahele i hoʻohui ʻia me ka paina, larch, a me nā mea kīkī.
ʻOi aku pinepine ʻo Moskovka ma mua o nā kahe ʻona i nā mea aloha moa home. He maʻalahi ke kumu - e ae ʻia i ka pio ma mua o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe. A he leo nani a nani. Ua like kāna mele me ke kani o ka leo o ke kolamu nui, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku, nani, kūlohelohe. Mālama ka manu i nā nota kiʻekiʻe loa; hōʻike ʻia nā trills me nā ʻano like ʻole.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o Moscow
Hoʻohana koke ka titmouse i nā mea i loko o ka pūlau, lilo i nā manual holoʻokoʻa. Hiki ke noho pio i ka wā lōʻihi. Lākou inā e koho ʻoe i kahi pālua. I kekahi hihia, ke manu (me a ʻole hoʻi o kahi pālua) e ʻae i ka launa pū ʻana me nā manu ʻē aʻe i loko o kahi hale paʻahao maʻamau, aviary.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he manu liʻiliʻi ʻo ka lele ma ka lehelehe, hiki i ka mea ke ʻōlelo aku he leʻaleʻa, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hoalauna pili ikaika, kūlohelohe. Eia kekahi, ma ka hale paʻahao maʻamau, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka popo moss ka mele.
Pono ka hānai i ka lawe ʻana i ka mea a ka manu e mālama ai i ka ulu lāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻai manu maʻamau. ʻO kēia mau hua Birch, hemp, huehue i nā hua kanu sunflower, maloʻo spruce cones.
He aha nā meaʻai ma Muscovite?
No ka mea, he ʻāpana manu ʻole ʻo Muscovite, ʻokoʻa kaʻai ʻana, akā e hilinaʻi nei i ka wā. I nā wā wela, ʻo ia nā pepelu, nā mea lapaʻau, nā pōpoki, nā aphids, nā lā, nā ʻōpala. Hoʻololi ia lākou e nā hua kanu coniferous punahele, nā hua momona o nā hua a me nā hua.
ʻO ka maʻa o Muscovites kahi hana nui. Eia kekahi, ma nā kūlanakauhale, ʻai ka manu i ka mea e loaʻa ai iā ia, a hoʻomaikaʻi pū i nā meaʻai hoʻohui mai ka lima o nā kānaka. ʻO kēia nā palaoa i nā palaoa, nā mea ʻai, nā mau mea a me nā ʻono. Hōʻike pinepine, ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu i nā wahi nui i loko o nā kūlanakauhale, kahi kahi nui lākou, no ka mea aia mau ka meaʻai ʻai.
ʻO ka noho ʻana i ka hihiu, he maikaʻi ke poʻo ʻeleʻele. I ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa a peʻe ʻo ia ma lalo o ka ʻili o nā lāʻau i ʻai i ka hoʻoilo a pau. Eia kekahi, hana ʻo ia i kēia no ka hāʻule ʻole o ka hoʻoilo i loko o ka "pantry" a ʻaʻole hōʻino i nā waiwai waiwai no ka manawa paʻakikī.
He manu manu ʻo Moskovka, ʻaʻohe mele e hiki ʻole ai ke noʻonoʻo pono i kahi pūnāwai mua a me kahi kūlanakauhale haunaele. Aia nā ʻūlani ʻekolu i nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ākea ʻia nā mea āpau e nā kani kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, a kahi māniki i puʻe mau ʻia i ka maka.
E nānā i ke wikiō pehea e nānā ai ka titc Muscovite:
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
He manu ka Periparus ater Muscovite no ka Order Passeriformes, family Titmouse, genus Periparus, species Muscovite. No Moscow ʻo nā ʻāpana kahiko loa o nā manu passerine. ʻO ka poʻe 'īlio like-nui ka mea i noho i ko mākou honua i ka manawa o ka Eocene. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano o nā passerines;
Kui kēia mau manu a puni ka honua. Wahi a Periparus ater i kā mākou wahi i hōʻike ʻia e 3 subspecies, ʻelua o lākou i ka ʻāpana phaeonotus subspecies; ua māhelehele ʻia kēia mau manu ma Turkey, ka Middle East a me nā Caucasus. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ko mākou ʻāina, kahi ʻāpana o R. a. ater.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: he mau mea ka like ʻo Moscow
Ua like like ʻo Muscovite me nā ʻimi maʻamau, akā aia ka Muscovites ʻē aʻe iki ʻokoʻa i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau mea ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi loa i ka ʻohana tit. ʻO ka nui o ka manu mai ka beak a ʻoi ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 11 cm, a ʻo Muscovite paona wale no 8-12 gram.
ʻO ka beak ka pololei, liʻiliʻi ka nui. Ua liʻiliʻi ko ke poʻo, ua puni i ka helehelena. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o kēia mau manu i kā lākou ʻokoʻa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka pūhaka o ka manu. Mai ka beak ma ke poʻo āpau kahi ʻeleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu. Me he mea lā he "mask" waiho ʻia ma luna o ka maka o ke manu, no laila ke inoa ʻo ia manu i kona inoa.
ʻOiai e pīhoihoi ana ʻo Muscovite, hāpai ʻo ia i ka hulu ma kona lae i ke ʻano o kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi. Aia kekahi wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka manu. He hina a ʻeleʻele hoʻi nā kala nui. ʻEleʻele ka hulu ma ke poʻo me kahi ʻāpana kala-kala. He hina hina nā pua ma nā ʻēheu o Muscovites, aia kahi kiʻi ma nā ʻano o nā kīnika keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka huʻu ka pūʻulu o nā ʻāpana hulu.
ʻO nā ʻekekēne a me nā wahine ka aneane kūloko loa. Loaʻa i nā ʻōpū he ʻano like me nā manu makua. ʻO kahi pāpale uliuli uliuli ʻeleʻele me ka peka brownish, ma nā pāpālina ma hope o ke poʻo i kahi e loaʻa ai nā wahi keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu. ʻO nā ʻōpala ma nā ʻēheu kekahi ʻāpana uliuli pū kekahi.
Ke lohe ʻia nei nā kolamu o kēia mau wahi mai nā waena mai o Malaki a hiki i Sepatemaba. E mele mālie ana nā Muscovites, kahi leo leo. Hoʻokani ʻia kekahi mele ma ke ʻano he ʻelua a ʻekolu mau huaʻōlelo o ke ʻano: "tuiit", "pii-tii" a "CCC" paha. O ke kane a me na kane kane, hui pu ʻO ka repertoire o hoʻokahi manu i hiki i nā 70 mele. Hoʻohana ʻia nā Tits i kekahi mau manawa e aʻo i ke mele hīmeni. I kahi hihiu, noho nā mosses ma kahi o 8-9 mau makahiki.
ʻIke maoli nō: Loaʻa nā muscovites i ka hoʻomanaʻo, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanaʻo i nā wahi i waiho ai ka meaʻai, nā poʻe e hānai i nā manu, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, a ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi i nā wahi ʻike ʻole, hiki i kēia mau manu ke ʻike i kā lākou pua a me nā wahi i hūnā ai lākou i ka meaʻai.
Oe ke ike i ke ʻano o ka manu Muscovite. E ʻike i kahi i loaʻa ai ka titele ʻeleʻele.
Wahi e noho ai ʻo Muscovite?
Kuhi: Muscovite manu
Noho ka Muscovites i nā ululāʻau o Eurasia, ʻApelika ʻApika. Loaʻa iā ia ma nā mauna Atlas, ma Africa a me Tunisia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia, hiki i kēia mau manu ke ʻike ʻia ma Finlandia a ma ka ʻākau o Rūsia, ma Siberia. Noho ka nui o kēia mau manu ma Kaluga, Tula, Ryazan, noho i ka Urals a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Mongolia. A ua noho hoʻi kēia mau manu iā Suria, Lebanona, Turkey, ka Caucasus, Iran, Crimea a me Transcaucasia. ʻO kekahi mau manawa loaʻa nā pōloko ma ka mokupuni o Sicily, ka Pelekane Pelekane, Kipeio, Honshu, Taiwan, a me nā Kuril Islands.
Noho ʻo Muscovite i nā ululāʻau pihi. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi ulu lāʻau ke koho i ke ola. Inā e noho nei i nā kuahiwi, ulu nā ʻuʻu ma nā pā lāʻau i mea e ulu ai nā pine a me nā ʻoka. ʻAʻole paʻa ka noho ʻana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 2000 mau mika ma mua o ke kai, eia naʻe ma Himalaya, ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka 4,500 m. ʻAʻole hiki i nā Muscovites e noho malie a hiki ke huli i nā wahi hou i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Ma nā wahi me kahi pā mālie ma nā Kaukaia a me ka Lūkia hema, e alakaʻi ana nā manu i kahi ʻano maʻalahi. A ke noho mau nei kēia mau manu no ka hoʻoilo, a ma waena o Rūsia e neʻe nei lākou i nā paka a me nā wahi papa. Hoʻokū nā Muscovites i ka nahele. ʻAʻole hana kēia mau manu i ka neʻe ʻana i nā manawa, akā naʻe, i ka ʻole o ka meaʻai a i ka wā hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi, hiki i nā manu ke hana i nā mikika hipa ke ʻimi nei i nā ʻāina hou.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā wahi maʻamau no ka hana ʻana, ma nā hihia loaʻa ʻole e pili ai i nā pae ʻāina hou. Aia ka pūnana ma kahi hollow a i ʻole kekahi ʻano kūlohelohe maoli. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokau i loko o ka lua a waiho ʻia o nā rodents liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻenemi i ka hihiu, a me ka hikiʻole i nā mokulele lōʻihi, hoʻāʻo ʻo Muscovites e noho kokoke i nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO ke kiʻi: Moskovka, ʻoki ʻeleʻele ia
ʻO nā Muscovites, e like me ka nui o nā pulima, paʻani loa. Hoʻea pinepine lākou i waena o nā kumulāʻau, e ʻolo iho i nā lālā i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi kūlana paʻa, ʻaʻole lākou makemake i nā neʻe a haʻalele i kā lākou mau hale maʻamau i nā hihia ʻole o ka ʻai, a i ʻole nā kūlana ʻona maikaʻi. No nā manu hihiu e makemake ana e hoʻi i ko lākou mau wahi maʻamau.
Noho nā Muscovites i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi o 50-60 kekahi, akā, ma Siberia a me nā kūlana o ke Akau, he nui nā holoholona a ma kahi he hoʻokahi tausani kanaka. Hoʻohui like nā ʻohana, nā Muscovites e hui pū me ka scum, crished titmouse, nā aliʻi a me nā pikas. I ka wā hana o ka ʻohana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manu i nā ʻāpana a hana i nā nisa e noho ana i kahi nui.
ʻO nā kāne ʻoiai he poʻe ʻohana maikaʻi loa, hana lākou i nā kāne no kahi aneane o ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa, mālama pono i kā lākou keiki no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hōʻoluʻolu nā ʻano o nā manu, ʻoluʻolu ʻo nā manu i loko o ka ʻohana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole he hakakā. E hopohopo nā manu hihiu i ka poʻe, a hoʻāʻo ʻia e ʻaʻole hoʻokokoke aku i nā kānaka, akā, i ka hoʻoilo, ke koi nei nā kūlana ʻino i nā manu e neʻe i nā kūlanakauhale a i nā kūlanakauhale.
Mahele koke nā manu i nā kānaka. Inā mālama ʻia ʻo Muscovite, pio kēia manu i ke kanaka. Ma hope o hoʻokahi hebedoma, hiki i ka manu ke hoʻomaka ka huki i nā hua mai loko o nā lima o ka mea nona ka manawa, a ma ke ʻano o ka manawa, hiki i ka manu ke lilo i manual holoʻokoʻa. Ua hilinaʻi nui nā Tits, maʻalahi i ka poʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Whakaahua: Muscovite Tit
Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu ma Muscovites i ka hopena o Malaki. I loko o kēia manawa, hoʻomaka nā kāne e huki i nā wahine me ke kani nui, e lohe ʻia na wahi a pau. A haʻi aku nō lākou i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ko lākou ʻāina, e hōʻike ana i kona mau palena. Hoʻopili i nā mele, hōʻike nā kāne i ko lākou makemake e hoʻokumu i kahi ʻohana e luhiluhi loa i ka lewa.
I ka wā hulahula, hoʻokani maikaʻi ke kāne i kona ʻū a me nā ʻēheu, ke hoʻomau nei ke oli nui.ʻO kahi koho o kahi o ka wahī ka ʻoihana a ke kāne, akā hoʻonohonoho ka wahine i ka noho. Hana ka wahine i kahi pūnana i loko o kahi hakahaka paʻa, ma kahi puʻu o ka pōhaku a i ʻole e waiho ʻia ana i ka pūhaka. E hana i kahi pānaʻi, nā kumule palalulu, nā hulu, ka mea hoʻonaninani o ka lauoho holoholona e hoʻohana ʻia.
ʻIke maoli nō: Pale nui ka wahine i kā lākou keiki, i ka wā hatching, ʻaʻole i waiho ka wahine i ka nisa no nā hebedoma ʻelua.
I hoʻokahi kauwela, mālama ʻo Muscovites i ʻelua masonry. ʻO ka pipi mua he 5-12 mau hua a me nā puka i waena o ʻApelila. Kūkulu ʻia ka lua kahaki ma Iune a ʻano o 6-8 hua. ʻO nā keʻena Muscovites keʻokeʻo me nā ʻāpana brown. Hoʻouka nui ka hua pipi i nā hebedoma ʻelua. I kēia hihia, hoʻopau ka wahine i nā hua a kokoke me ka hoʻole ʻole o ka masonry, a mālama ke kāne i ka ʻohana a loaʻa i ka meaʻai no ka wahine.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pēpē liʻiliʻi ma nā palupalu palupalu, hina. Lawe ke kāne i ka meaʻai ʻoi, a hoʻomake ka makuahine iā lākou a hānai iā lākou no kahi mau lā 4, a ma hope ke hoʻomaka ka loaʻa ʻana i ka ʻai no nā keiki me ka kāne e waiho pū ana i nā poki ma ka pā. Hoʻomaka nā kamelo ma ka lele ʻana mai ka pūlea i ka makahiki 22, ʻoiai e aʻo ana e lele, hiki i nā koholā ke noho i ka pō i loko o ka pūlea no kekahi manawa, ma hope mai nā leʻa keiki ʻōpio e lele aku ana mai ka nalo, e lele ana me nā ʻohana me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Muscovites
ʻO ke kiʻi: he mau mea ka like ʻo Moscow
He nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi.
E pili ana kēia:
Hoʻopilikia ka poʻe Predator i nā pākeke a wāwahi i kā lākou nuke ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua a me nā moa, no laila e hoʻāʻo kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi e hui pū i nā ʻohana. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ua lilo ka poʻe ʻāpana i ka poʻe i nāhelehele, e hoʻomaka ana e aʻo pehea e lele ai i ke ala o ka mea āpau lākou. ʻAʻole makemake nā Muscovites e hōʻike i nā wahi ākea, e makemake e peʻe i nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau. Ma laila lākou e palekana ai.
ʻO Rodents, hedgehog, martens, nā alopeke a me nā pōpoki e hoʻopau i nā ness o nā manu, no laila e hoʻāʻo nā manu e kūkulu i nā nīnū i nā wahi i hiki ʻole i kēia mau poʻe leʻa. E koho lākou i nā hollows, nā crevices me kahi komo paʻa kahi i piʻi ʻole ai nā mea wānana iā lākou.
ʻAʻole make nā Muscovites ma ka hapa nui mai nā wīwau o nā mea hoʻopuka, akā mai nā kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole ʻae nā manu i ka hoʻoilo, i ka hoʻoilo, make pinepine nā manu hihiu me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻai, ʻoiai hoʻi i ka wā kahikina, i ka wā e kaʻe ʻia ai kā lākou lāʻau. E ola ai nā hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo nā manu i nā kūlanakauhale i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Hiki i nā kānaka ke ho'ōla i ka nui o kēia mau manu akomi na ke kaomi ʻana i kahi mea hānai ma luna o ka lāʻau a lawe i kahi mauʻa a me nā pōpō palaoa ma laila.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
I kēia lā, loaʻa i nā holoholona Periparus ater ke ʻano o nā ʻano nui. ʻO ka nui o kēia mau manu manu ka nui o ka noho ʻana o nā manu a noho i loko o nā ululāʻau o Eurasia a me North Africa. He mea paʻakikī loa ka nānā ʻana i ka nui o ka lehulehu o kēia mau manu, ʻoiai ke noho nei nā manu i loko o nā pūʻulu i hui ʻia a hiki ke lele, ʻimi i nā wahi hou. No ka mea makemake ʻo Muscovites e noho i nā kahe a pulu i nā wahi ulu i ko mākou mau wahi o ko mākou ʻāina, e emi ana ka heluna o kēia ʻano ma muli o ka hana kolohe.
Ma ke ʻano o ka laʻana, ma ka māhele o Moscow, ua hōʻemi nui ka nui o kēia mau manu. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Moskovka i ka Red Book o Moscow a ua kau ʻia nā ʻano he 2 lā i ke ʻano he anuā ma Moscow me ka heluna kanaka. Kahi wale nō paha ma waena o 10-12 mau nūhou ma Moscow. ʻAʻole makemake wale nā manu i ka leo o ke kūlanakauhale nui, a no ke ola ke koho lākou i nā wahi quieter.
I ka pilina me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka heluna o kēia mau manu ma Moscow a me ka ʻāina, ua lawe ʻia nā hana e pale ai i nā manu:
- Loaʻa nā pūnaewele hana manu manu kaulana i nā wahi i mālama ʻia kūikawā,
- ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā māla a me nā wahi uliuli ma ke kūwaha o ka megalopolis,
- Mālama ʻo Ornithologists i ka nui o kēia mau manu ma Moscow a hana i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu no ko lākou ola.
Ma ka ʻāina āpau, nui nā ʻano, ʻano maikaʻi nā manu i ke kūloʻi a hoʻoulu koke i kahi ʻano kīnā ʻole pono e pale.
Moscow manu manu hoihoi loa. He manu maoli kēia manu nā manu ma ka nahele, ka mea e luku ai i nā pīpī a me nā mea hihiu e hoʻopōʻino i nā mea kanu a lawe i nā mea maʻi o nā maʻi like ʻole. Hoʻohana maikaʻi nā manu i nā kānaka, a i ka hoʻoilo hiki iā lākou ke lele ma nā kūlanakauhale i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Aia i ko mākou mana e hana i kēia mau manu me ka ʻoluʻolu ma hope o mākou. Pono lākou e hānai i ka manawa i ka wā kūlohelohe a hānai nā manu.
Hōʻikeʻike o nā Muscovites
Ma kēia paona he paona ʻia mai 7 a 12 mau grika ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 10 - 12 cm. He uliuli ke poʻo a me ke poʻo o ka manu, a he keʻokeʻo kona mau pāpālina.
ʻO kahi kokoke i ka piko o ka pahu he wahi ʻeleʻele e like me ka kolo. ʻO ka hulu ma ke poʻo i hana i kahi ʻano neest crest liʻiliʻi. Ma lalo o nā manu i paʻi ʻia i nā lepa hina-keʻokeʻo me kahi pua brown.
He hina hina ke kino o luna, a ʻōpū nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu he kiʻi hina. ʻO kahi ʻano hoʻohanohano o ka Muscovites kahi wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma ka hapa occipital o ke poʻo.
ʻO kahi ʻano muscovites
Noho ka Muscovite i nā wao coniferous, ʻoiai he pinepine ia i loaʻa i loko o nā nahele pine-deciduous. I ʻApelika, noho ʻo Muscovite i nā puka lāʻau kedera a me ka juniper. Ma nā kuahiwi o ʻEulopa, ʻo Zagros, ka Caucasus a ma ke kūkulu ʻākau-waena o Iran, e noho ana ia ma nā pali i loko o nā ululāʻau, nona nā pitsunda a me Aleppo pine, a me ka beech a meak. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole lele ka titole ʻele i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka 1800 m ma luna o ke kai, akā ma kekahi mau wahi i kau ʻia hoʻi ma luna.
Ma kahi kokoke o ka wahi āpau o kona noho, Muscovite alakaʻi i kahi ala maʻalahi. I ka haʻalulu nui loa a me nā kūlana o ka nele i ka meaʻai, hiki i kēia mau manu ke neʻe i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, akā ma hope o kekahi manawa ua hoʻi mai kekahi o nā manu.
ʻO ka pāpale, a i ʻole "mask" ua koho mua i ka inoa Lūkini no ka manu - he mask, kahi i lilo ai i Muscovite.
Ma nā kuahiwi, e lele ana kēia mau manu i nā awāwa kahi he nui ʻole ka hau. Hoʻokomo ʻo Muscovite i nā manawa āpau i nā pale, e hūnā i nā pālua wale nō i ka wā hana. Flocks, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, helu i ka 50 o kēlā me kēia, a hui pinepine ʻia i nā manu o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka pika maʻamau, crmons credop, etc.