ʻO ka nahe a ka wai ka heiu ʻona maoli, i ʻike ʻia i nā wahi hema o ka ʻāina ʻo Volga. ʻOiai, ma ka Samara, Saratov a me Ulyanovsk reg. ua helu ʻia ma ka Red Red Book. Noho a kēia ʻenemi kēia inoa, e noho nui ana ma kahi o ka wai. Hoʻohāʻokoʻa ʻia ia me ka mea maʻamau ma ka waiho ʻole ʻana o nā melemele ʻeleʻele i nā heiau a me ka kala (ʻoiai ke ʻike ʻia nā melanist ma waena o lākou). Ma ka moku ʻo Astrakhan, kapa ʻia ʻo ia "chess" (ma ka unuhi ʻana mai a lychyn kona inoa kikoʻī he chess) ma muli o kona ʻano hiʻona. A ke kaulana kaulana nō kēia, ʻo ia ka mea make ʻona, ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi ʻōpua a me ka ʻili, mai ka ʻalani o ka make koke.
ʻO Kazakhstan, ka wahi o Mangistau, ke kai o ka ʻaoʻao Caspian, kahi o ke kaiāulu. Kyzylosen. ʻAʻohe aʻu i ʻike i nā moʻo wai nui he nui. Aia ke kahakai i loaʻa ʻia e nā papa o ka ʻāina kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole wau i ʻike i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻoi ʻia lākou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole wau e noho ana i ka hana kuʻuna. A ma waena o kēia mau papa i loaʻa nui nā ʻano crevices, nā paikewa, etc. kahi e noho ai nā nahesa. Eia kekahi, ʻike pinepine lākou e holo i ka moana. Ma kēia wahi i ke kai pono ia e mākaʻikaʻi i nā mākaʻu o kahiʻu liʻiliʻi (ʻaʻole wau ʻike i ka inoa), a ma kēia mau ʻano kanu ʻo nā mea ʻuʻawa a lohe mau ʻia.
Wahi a nā puke moʻolelo, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou nui i ka 1.5 m. A ʻo nā mea nui he nani maoli. ʻOiai e loaʻa pinepine nā mea liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻokaʻa ʻia ka wai i nā leo ʻoliva, no laila aia nā wahi pōkole i loko o kahi hiʻohiʻona, e hoʻohuli ʻia i kekahi manawa i loko o ke kīwaha. Ma kēia ʻāina hoʻoulu, ʻelua mauʻeleʻele (kokoke nā melanist) a ʻike maoli ʻia nā kānaka ʻole ʻole e loaʻa nā wahi.
ʻAi ʻo ia i ka iʻa me ka ʻona, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke ʻai i ka baki. Pulu ʻo ia i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka wai. a huki ʻo ia i kahi ākea nui ma ka ʻāpana a ʻai i laila, ʻoiai makemake ia i ke kākoʻo paʻa no ka moni ʻana. Ua manaʻo ʻia i nā mua i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka lawaiʻa i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa o ka iʻa koʻikoʻi. Akā, nui loa kēia pōʻino. Eia kekahi, i ka manawa mua o ke kaua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ko lākou kino i nā pono o ka ʻoihana māmā. No ka laʻana, aia ma ka 1930 wale nō, ma nā kahakai o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, he 50,000 ʻili pipi hānai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ʻelua mahina (Dunaev EA, Orlova V.F. Nā ʻano ʻano nui o ka ʻaole // Moscow University Press, 2003.). Minamina, ʻaʻole wau i hoʻokele i ke kumu e pono ai ka ʻili o nā nahesa no ka ʻoihana māmā.
Nā koho ʻē aʻe:
ʻO ka olakino a me ka olakino e hoʻoikaika ana i ka paʻakikī "Volzhsky Dali"
Kapai-Sanatorium kahi inoa ma hope o V.I. Chapaeva
Social Center a Wellness "ʻO Monk's Cave"
Pūnaehana Social and Wellness "Pugachevsky"
Sanatorium "Blue Blue"
Kūkākule ma ke ʻano "Kalepona iā Letyazhevsky"
ʻOlohelohe "ʻOkakopa"
ʻO nā holoholona o ka māhele Saratov
Kahe ʻona wai (lat. Natrix tessellata) he nahele ʻona mai loko mai o ka ʻohana o ka mea i ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka wai ma mua kahi pili o ka naʻaupō maʻamau, akā makemake ʻo ia i nā mea ʻoluʻolu a me nā wahi mahana. ʻO kēia ka reptile ākea a hiki i ka 160 cm lōʻihi, akā maʻamau ʻo 100-130 cm ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO nā alaka wai wai he mau pale ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo i kahi ʻokoʻa i nā naheka ʻona. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa ka ʻāpana o ka nahe wai: i ka kua o ke poʻo ʻaʻohe ʻōuli ʻōpio, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka papa i like ʻole e like me nā pua o ka maʻamau maʻamau, a ʻo ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻākele a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Ma hope o ke poʻo i kēlā me kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele ʻano maʻamau i ke ʻano o nā wili i ʻelua e hoʻohuli ana i kahi kihi ʻoi aku i ke kua o ke poʻo. He brownish a greenish-hina paha ka kala maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kahe a me ka huki ʻana paha i nā kao paʻa o kahi hue pōʻeleʻele i kahi hiʻohiʻona. I kekahi manawa hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kaula lohi mai nā wahi. Aia kekahi kanaka me kahi kala monochromatic, ʻaʻohe ona kiʻi, ʻoiai, aia nā kaheʻe wai piha ʻeleʻele - melanist.
Ka manawa e kapa ai lākou i nā nahe a wai: "kahi pōpau o ke kūpeʻe a me nā nahe," "chess viper", he "chess". Ua unuhi maoli ʻia ka inoa o nā naheka o ka noke N. tessellata mai Latin mai he chess, akā ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻopili ai i nā vipers. ʻO ka mea nui o kēia mau naʻi wale nō ka hua o ka makaʻu o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā reptile. ʻO ka ʻuʻawa wai ka hapa o ka hōʻailona o ka naʻala i ʻole i nā mea ʻona i ʻike ʻia i nā poʻe a pau - nā ʻāpana-melemele i hope o ke poʻo, kahi huaheʻe maʻamau. No nā kanaka, ʻaʻoheʻino ka wai. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaha no kēia nahe nui e hōʻole nui ana a me ka hoʻopā fetid i hoʻokuʻu i ka wā o ka pōʻino. ʻAʻole e like me ka nahesa maʻamau, ka wai kokoke ʻole e hoʻohiki.
Eia nō naʻe, aia ka wai i ka nui o nā hōʻailona o waho, e maʻalahi hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā poʻe ʻawaʻawa. Aia ka manaʻo nui ma ka vipers he triangular ia i ka hakahaka a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana (ʻehā) ma kahi heʻuʻuku, aʻo ka ʻuʻu wai ka ʻulaʻula, a pālahalaha nā ʻike a pau. Inā lawe ʻoe i ka wiwo ʻole a nānā i nā maka o ka nahesa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i loko o nā pōpoki, e like me nā mea kikoʻī maoli, ua kū ka haumana (e like me ka pōpoki) a i loko o nā nahesa. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā vipers ma mua o nā nahesa: ʻo ka ʻapī maʻamau ka nui e hiki i ka lōʻihi a hiki i 0.73 m.
ʻO ka wai i kau ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka wai: ma nā kahe o nā kahawai a me nā kēki kanui, i nā wahi kai, kahi i loaʻa ai ka meaʻai. Aia ma loko o kona pā āpau ke pili pili ʻia ke kino wai me ka wai, kahi i noho ʻia ai nā kapakai o nā ʻano wai ʻē aʻe a me nā kūleʻa kū ʻana, mai nā pā miʻi pākuhi me nā waiwai i pohō i nā wai o nā mauna a me nā kahawai me nā lā ikaika loa. Aia i nā mokupuni, ua kaulana nā wahi o ko lākou ʻeuʻeu nui loa ma nā wahi i ulu nui ʻia me chinton a i ʻole ʻohe.
Mai ka ʻai ʻana a nā ʻīlio i ka wai, noho lākou ma nā wahi noho me nā wai mālamalama, a pale aku lākou i nā mea haumia. ʻO nā wahi punahele o kā lākou palemela he mau hale mahele ma nā kapa a i ʻole nā lālā e nānā i ka wai. He maikaʻi loa nā ʻīlio ma kaʻauʻau ʻana, ʻaʻole wale ma ka maka o ka wai, akā hohonu wale nō. Hiki iā lākou ke holo mai ke kahakai a hiki i kahi mamao o 5 mau kilomita, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou keʻauʻau kū i ke kaʻe. Ano, piʻi maikaʻi kēia mau nāhele i nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau, loaʻa pinepine iā lākou i nā lei o nā mea kanu e ulu kokoke ana i ka wai.
ʻOiai ke ʻano maluhia, he kanaka hoʻoiho ʻo ia. Makemake i nā iʻa ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole - perch, roach, loach, hiki i ka ʻimi manu. ʻO ka mea nui o nā ʻīlena wai ka iʻa a lākou e hopu ai ma waena o nā mea kanu aku, nā mālamalama a i ʻole ke kani paha, e waiho ana ma lalo. I ka wā e hānai ai, hiki i ka wai ke ale i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi he 40 mauʻa liʻiliʻi, he 2-3 ka nui o ka nui, akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i ka iʻa nui aʻe, e hiki ana i ka lōʻihi o 15 sentimita.
Loaʻa i nā pahele wai he 2 mau hana kuʻuna: e kūpaʻa no lākou i ka ʻai, e hoʻolimalima iā ia a hopu i ka holo uila, a i ʻole e hahai a hopu i kā lākou mea pio. Inā ʻaʻole pōmaikaʻi ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻaʻole paʻa ka iʻa. Na ka nahesa e ʻoki i ke kikowaena o ke kino o ka mea ʻai. ʻAi koke ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka wai, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paʻakikī he nui. Ke waiho nei ka pilikia ma ka mea hiki ʻole iā ia ke luku a kāki i nā iʻa nui i ka wai, no ka mea, e pono ke kākoʻo paʻa. No laila, hopu ikaika i ka iʻa i kona mau niho, hoʻāla iā ia ma luna o ka wai a ʻauʻau kai. A laila hoʻopili ʻo ia i kāna huelo i kahi kākoʻo a kūnaka hoʻi e huki ke kauwā kipi i ka uka. Na ka ʻala i pane i ka iʻa, ua huli mua kona poʻo iā ia iho. Inā nui ka nui o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hiki i ka pāʻina ke neʻe aku i hoʻokahi hola a i ʻole hoʻi ke lōʻihi.
I kekahi manawa ka hopu nui ʻana i ka wai me ka nui o ka ʻai. I kēia hihia, ʻae ʻia ka mea i hala me ka paʻakikī o uka a waiho ʻia. Make kekahi mau mea make, ʻaʻole ka helu ʻana i ka ikaika a koho i kahi iʻa nui. ʻO ka nāhelehele i ʻai ʻia ʻaʻole wale ma nā iʻa wale nō, akā ma nā ʻōpala, nā baki a me nā tadpoles. ʻO nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā manu he mau manuʻai lākou.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka wai i ke ao, a moe ka pō ma lalo o nā pōhaku e waiho ana ma kahakai, i nā ʻūhā a me nā ʻuʻewa o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Aia nō hoʻi lākou i loko o nā mea kanu popo a i ʻole hoʻi i ka heʻe. Hōʻulu ʻia nā wai wai nui e pōkole i ka pō ma nā moena Reed. I ka wā hoʻonaninani, hele a lohi, hele a holo i waho i nā wahi wela a bask ma laila. A hoʻāinu ʻia, hoʻomoʻi ʻia lākou i loko o ka wai a hoʻouna ʻia a holo. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana, kau pū ka ʻalā i ka lā. Akā hoʻāʻo lākou e pale i ka wela wela ma ka hūnā ʻia i loko o ka wai a i loko paha.
ʻO nā ʻōpū i ka hoʻoilo ma kahakai ka hānai i nā lua ma ka lepo a i ʻole nā mea kanu rodent, ma kahi hohonu a 80 mau kenimika. Hiki iā lākou ke hānau pākahi a hoʻokahi a me nā hui, a i kekahi manawa he nui ka nui o kā lākou hōʻiliʻili ʻana a helu i nā poʻe ʻelima o nā makahiki ʻokoʻa a me ka wahine. I kēlā mau kolikā kolamu, e ʻaihue ai nā ʻoka i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka manawa ikaika e mau loa ia 9 mau mahina, ʻike ʻia mai nā hale hoʻoilo i ka lā o ʻApelila
ʻO nā ʻōliona make kaʻe ʻana i ka wā o ʻApelila I ka wā ulu, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hōʻuluʻulu nui o nā wai wai. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e ala ai nā kahe mai ka hānau ʻana, holo lākou mai nā wai wai a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu o kahi 200 mau kanaka, kahi e moe ai ka mākele. ʻO ka moe ʻana o ka wai a me nā nahesa maʻamau ka mea like.
I Iune-Iulai, hoʻoiho ka wahine i nā hua 6-25. Hana ʻia ka Masonry ma ka lepo maloʻo, ma lalo o nā pōhaku. ʻO nā ahe wai wai, e like me nā mea maʻamau, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā masonry kolamu, kahi a ʻoi aku a 1000 mau huaʻehā. Hoʻokomo nā hua ʻai i nā mahina 2 mau mahina, hoʻomaka koke nā nahe ʻaliki e hopu i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Nā wai ʻōpiopio ʻōpiopio me ka lōʻihi o ke kino (me ka huʻu) o ka 140-185 mm e kū ana ma ka lewa i ka waena waena o ʻAukake - ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemapa. He puuhonua no lākou nā kahe ʻoihana, nā aʻa lāʻau, nā pale o ka substrate, nā ʻōpū o nā rodents, nā ʻōpala a me nā driftwood. Loaʻa ka Puberty i ka makahiki 3 o ke ola.
Aia ka ʻōpū o ka wai i ka hoʻoilo o ka wā ke hoʻohuli nei, a ua hiki ke neʻe hou aku i nā kino wai a me ka hoa. A hoʻomau nā wahine i nā hua paʻailele i ke kauwela o hope.
He nui nā ʻupena o nā ʻenemi wai i nā wai o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā nahe maʻamau, a lilo lākou i mau pōpoki o nā manu kokoke i ka wai a me nā iʻa nui. Ua ʻimi ʻia ka ʻedgehog i nā hedgehog, muskrat, muskrat, fox, kekahi mau manu: osprey, hina heron, kites, snake-eater, crow, rook and others. I ka manawa i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka pōʻino, e piʻi i loko o ka pou wai a peʻe ma lalo. Inā ʻoe e lawe i ka nahe wai i loko o kou mau lima, a laila e like me kahi mea maʻamau, e hoʻokuʻu ana i kahi wai fetid. Ika lā ma ka ʻāina, kuʻi ʻo ia iā ia iho i kahi pōkole paʻa a hūnā i kona poʻo i loko, a i ʻole kaʻi ʻana i nā mea hoʻowalewale me ka ʻae ʻana i ka ʻenemi.
ʻAʻole i huhū ka wai, i ka ʻike o ke kanaka e ʻāʻī ʻo ia e peʻe i ka wai a i ʻole i ka puʻu. Loaʻa nā wili liʻiliʻi. No ka mea kahakaha ʻole e kau i kahi pilikia. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia i ke pale i ka poʻe a me nā mākaʻikaʻi mai nā mea hoʻōla i nā nahe wai, e kāhea iā lākou he "chess vipers" a i "nā pūlū o ka nahe a me ka viper" a kuhi hewa iā lākou i nā mea make. ʻO ka ʻaʻe ʻana (hybridization) o kahi nahesa a me kahi ʻahiwili hiki ʻole ke nolo, ʻoiai na nā ʻīlio kēia mau ʻohana. ʻO nā moʻolelo o nā hihia maoli e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ana ma muli o kahi ʻuʻuku o ka nahe wai, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hiki ʻole ʻana o ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōpū wai mai kahi viper maʻamau. Aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka ʻūhā, no ka mea, he mau maʻi bactericidal.
Kuhi ʻia nā mea i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o ka māhele Saratov i ka ʻohana o "Hoʻihoʻi"