ʻO ka ʻano kūkaʻa noho i ke kūkulu hema a me Asia Hema.

He ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ʻo Muntzhaki. Ka ʻokoʻa lākou i kahi kūlana maʻalahi o nā pū: loaʻa i kēlā a me kēia pū ka nui, ʻelua ʻāpana ʻelua, ʻaʻole ʻia ma mua o 15 centimeter lōʻihi. E like me nā aneane like ʻole, he mau ʻāpana kāne wale nō. E like me ka kākoi musk a me ka wai wai, nā kāne muntjack i ka ʻāʻī luna ua loaʻa i nā mea kuhi e hana ai no ka hana ʻoki a pale mai ka waha. ʻO ka huluhulu o nā holoholona, ​​ma muli o nā ʻano, he ʻokoʻa like - mai ka melemele a he hina-brown a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, i kekahi manawa me nā wahi kohu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ke poʻo o kēia mau ākala e like me ka 64 a i ka 135 kenimika, ma kēia e hoʻohui i ka lōʻihi o ka huelo mai 6 a 24 paha kenimika. He kaumaha ka Muntzhaki mai 12 a 33 mau kilogram, ma kekahi mau ʻano ua kaupaona ʻo 50 kilograms.

Noho ʻo Muntzhaki ma East and South Asia, mai Pakistan, Iran, Nepal a me India a Kaina, Malaysia a me Vietnam, a me ka mokupuni o Java, Kalimantan, Taiwan. Ma ka maʻamau e noho ana i nā ululāʻau ulu. I ka wā prehistoric (Tertiary period), noho i ka mundjaks iā ʻEulopa.

Mālama nā kāne Muntzhak i kā lākou mau wahi mai ka lele mai o nā kāne ʻē aʻe. Ke hālāwai lākou, ʻike pinepine ia i nā kaʻaelike, ka mea e hoʻohana ʻole ai i nā puʻupuʻu pōkole e like me nā mea koʻikoʻi. I ka hauʻoli a leʻaleʻa paha, kani kēia aniani i nā ʻano like me nā ʻīlio e hāloi ana.

ʻO ka hapai ʻana i nā wahine ma hope o 7 mau mahina, ma hope o ka hānau ʻia hoʻokahi cub, kahi a ka makuahine e hūnā i ka nahele a hiki i ka hiki ʻole ke hahai iā ia. ʻAi kēia mau ʻeleʻele i nā mea kanu mea kanu: lau, mauʻu, ʻōpala, mau hua hāʻule.

He mea pono ia i loaʻa he 5 mau ʻano hou o nā mauna Mountzhaks a ʻōlelo ʻia no ka manawa mua i ka 1990, i ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻike o nā ʻano hou o nā mammals.

I nā'āina Asia, kahiʻimi ka muntzhaki, haʻi ʻia kā lākou ʻai i ka mea momona. Nā Manaʻo:
ʻO ka Bornean muntzhak (Muntiacus atherodes) he mau ʻoniʻima wale anima ka loa he lōʻihi, ʻaʻole e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili wale ʻia no ka mokupuni ʻo Kalimantan.
ʻO ka muntzhak China (Muntiacus reevesi) e noho ana ma Kina hema a ma ka mokupuni o Taiwan. Ma ka ʻāina mākaʻi, helu ʻia ka nui o kēia mau pūʻulu ma ka 650 tausani mau kope. Ua lawe ʻia kēia ʻano manuahi i ʻEnelani a me Wales, ma kahi o lākou e noho ai.
ʻO Gongshan Muntzhak (Muntiacus gongshanensis) he holoholona liʻiliʻi ia a ʻike liʻiliʻi mai ka mokuʻo Kina Yunnan a me nā wahi e kokoke ana o Tibet. Loaʻa no ka manawa mua ma 1990.
ʻO ka muntjak India (Muntiacus muntjak) ka wahi i māhele ʻia ma nā mundjac ʻē aʻe - kahi e noho nei ma India, hema China, Bangladesh, Southeast Asia, nā mokupuni o Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Bali a Hainan. Eia kekahi, lawe ʻia ka muntjack India i Andaman Islands, i Lombok a hiki hoʻi i Texas. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e mālama i kēia mau holoholona ma ʻEnelani ʻaʻole naʻe kūleʻa ma muli o ke ʻano anu.
Ua loaʻa mua ʻo Muntzhak Pu-Hoa (Muntiacus puhoatensis) ma Vietnam i ka makahiki 1998. ʻO kēia nā holoholona lime loa e kaupaona ana mai 8 a 15 kilograms.
Ua loaʻa ka Muntiac Putaoensis no ka manawa mua ma 1997 ma Burma, ma ke kahawai ʻo Mai Hka River. Aia ʻia ma hope o ke kūlanakauhale kokoke i Putao. ʻO ka mōʻī liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa o ka genus muntzhakov (ke kaupaona ʻana he 12 paha kilokilo). I ka makahiki 2002, ua loaʻa nā nīnēne o kēia ʻano i ka mokuʻāina o Arunachal Pradesh.
ʻO ke kuʻi muntjack, a i ʻole ʻōiwi (Muntiacus vuquangensis) ʻo ia ka ʻelima nui o kēia ʻanoʻano. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka deer e hiki i ka 70 kenimika, ke kaumaha - a hiki i ka 50 kilograms. Ua ʻike ʻia a wehewehe ʻia ma 1994 ma Wu-Kwang Nature Reserve ma waena o Vietnam. I ka makahiki 1996, ua loaʻa nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i Laos.
ʻO Muntiac Roosevelt (Muntiacus rooseveltorum) kahi i loaʻa ma Laos a i nā ʻāina palena me China a me Vietnam
Kūleʻa nā Black muntzhak (Muntiacus crinifrons) ma ka hema hema Kina. I kēia manawa aia ma nā moku'āina o Guangdong, Guangxi a me Yunnan. Ua koho ka World Conservation Union i kēia ʻano ʻāpanaʻehā o ka mea i pau ka hopena. ʻO ka huina o kēia mau holoholona ma kahi o 5,000 mau kope. I ka makahiki 1998, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mauna uliuli ma Burma.
ʻO ka mauna Mountzhak a i Sumatran (Muntiacus montanus) i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1914. Aia i loko o ka Puke ʻaha.
Noho ʻo Muntiacus uge i Burma hikina, ʻo ka mokuʻo Kina i Yunnan a me nā palena o Thailand.
Ua loaʻa iā Muntjak Chyongshon (Muntiacus truongsonensis) ma Vietnam i ka makahiki 1997.

Ke kiʻi o nā kuahiwi

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia mau holoholona ma waena o 89 a 150 sentimita, i ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki lākou i ka 40-65 kenimika, a kaupaona ma kahi o 50 kilograma.

Ua kaaka ke kino o ke kuahiwi, ua pōkole kona mau wāwae, ua pokole hoʻi kona ʻāʻī, ua puni kona kua. I ke kihi o ka muzzle aia kahi pāpale o ka lele. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pepeiao a me nā maka, ʻōlelo a puni kā lākou mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.

Muntzhak (Muntiacus).

Loaʻa nā males i nā pepeiaohao maʻalahi, mai 4 a 25 paha kenimika lōʻihi, kahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā infraorbital a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻoiho palena. He lōʻihi loa nā ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā pū.

ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā wāwae i mua o nā wāwae hind. ʻAʻohe pau ʻana o ka lauoho. ʻO ka lauoho a muntzhaki ke kūwaha a haʻahaʻa, a ma nā kanaka o ke ʻāpana ʻākau o ke awāwa ka mānoanoa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi.

Hiki ke kala o ka papa dorsal ma ka melemele-buffy, brownish-buffy, brown or black-brown. Ke keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao ventral. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. I nā poʻe'ōpiopio, he kīpono ka waihoʻoluʻu.

Mālama nā kāne Muntzhak i kā lākou mau wahi mai ka lele mai o nā kāne ʻē aʻe.

Ka noho ʻana o Muntzhak

Ke hele nei kēia mau holoholona i nā nahele ulu nahele. E ho'āʻo e noho kokoke i ka wai. I ke kuahiwi e piʻi ai i 4000 mau mika, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu lāʻau.

ʻO ka Muntzhaki e hana i ka pōʻeleʻele. Noho lākou i nā pālua, nā ʻohana a mele hīmeni. ʻO nā meaʻai kekahi ʻano o nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā lau, nā ʻōpala a pēlā aku.

I ka wa o ka rut a i ka wā he e weliweli ai ka muntzhak, kani nui ka holoholona. Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia, hiki i ka muntzhaki ke paʻi a hiki i kahi hola.

Muntzhak - he kanaka noho o ka nahele o nā nahele.

ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā muntzhak nā tiger a me nā leopona. Eia hoʻi, ʻo kēia mau holoholona e ʻimi ʻia e nā kamaʻāina kamaʻāina, no ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili. Lawe maikaʻi nā kānaka pākana i ka noho pio ʻana.

He aha kēia holoholona

ʻO waho, ua like ka muntzhak i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā kēpau - 40-60 cm kiʻekiʻe, ke ʻāʻī a me nā ʻūhā ua pōkoki nā kuli, e like me ka ʻupena. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā wāwae i mua o nā wāwae hind, kahi i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai ka hope ruminate artiodactyl. Akā he lōʻihi ka huelo: a hiki i 25 cm.

ʻO ka huila, a i ʻole ke poʻo o ke kāne, weliweli - ʻumikumamālima kenimika mau pūnihi, i hui pū me nā pīhoihoi ikaika loa, ʻaʻohe ia me nā herbivores, e hōʻeuʻeu i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka prehistoric kumu o ka ʻuʻuku.

Mea waiwai loa ka ʻai ʻana o ka holoholona i hiki iā ia ke palekana i ke ʻano he omnivorous: mau lau, mauʻu, ʻano lāʻau

ʻOi aku ka mea e hoʻopiʻi hou aku

Ua ʻae ʻo Muntzhak i kāna mau hoahānau ruminant, makemake ia i ka pō, e hele ana i ka "ʻimi" i ka pōʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i makemake ʻia i ka lehulehu - ʻaʻole ia no ke ʻano he hipa kau nona. Dwarf deer kahi kaona aloha makemake e ʻae wale i ka hui o kahi kāne wale. I kekahi manawa - kā lākou keiki ponoʻī, a hiki aʻe i kā lākou - a hiki i ka makahiki.

No kona kaawale, ke aloha nui ka muntjack i kahi kamaʻilio - ka puʻuwai āpau a pau, me ka hoʻonāukiuki lohe ʻana, e hiki ke lōʻihi i kahi manawa. Hōʻoia ʻo Males i kā lākou masculinity ma mua o kēlā me kēia, ʻokoʻa loa, ʻaʻole me ka pūlima a maʻi ʻole paha, akā i nā waimaka: hōʻailona lākou i kā lākou wahi me nā mea huna mai nā puʻu lacrimal.

Luna ʻōiwi

ʻEkolu mau ʻano o nā kiʻi hoʻohālikelike. ʻO kekahi o lākou he ʻoki manuahi e noho nei ma Kina. He lōʻihi aʻe ʻo ia i kona mau hoahānau i ke ʻano: he 70 cm a i ka mae, e paʻa ana, a he ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona:

• Crest, mahalo i loaʻa iā ia kona inoa. Ma ke poʻo o ia mea e ulu a ulu ʻo ia i kahi ākea ʻeleʻele a hiki i ka 17 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, ke ākea maoli nei i nā pū.
• ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka pīhoihoi ikaika, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai kēia kahe he "vampire."

I ka wā hoʻoipo kaua, hauʻoli ka mākaʻina Kina i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kupanaha like ʻole i ko lākou waha, me ke hāhai i ke kino o ka poʻe hoaʻali, e kikeke mua ana me kā lākou puhi pū ʻana i nā pū. Akā me nā mea makaʻu weliweli a pau loa, nā kaho hanohano, e like me nā muntzhaks āpau, he mea maluhia loa, nā mea ʻoluʻolu, a me nā ʻāina he nui, ʻo ka poʻe nō hoʻi o ka Pākīloli, e kūʻai iā lākou i kā lākou paka.

ʻIke paha ʻoe i ke kumu o ka wīwī e hoʻoō ai a no ke aha e hoʻopilikia ai ka hippos? E noho ʻoe me mākou!

Hoʻopau ke kuahiwi

ʻAʻole i haʻi ʻia ka wā hana o ka hoʻopiʻi. Ma nā mokupuni o Sumatra a me Java, ʻo ka huila o ka ulu hua e loaʻa i ka hapa o ka makahiki. Noho ʻo ke kahawai 6 mau mahina. 1 hānau ʻia, ma nā hihia liʻiliʻi - 2 mau pēpē. I ka wā hānau, ke kaupaona nei ka ʻelele 550-650 gram.

Hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio i ke alakaʻi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa i 6 mau mahina. ʻO ka uluʻana o ka wahine i nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine i loko o -8 mau mahina. Noho ʻo Muntzhaks no kahi o 12-15 mau makahiki.

Nā ʻano o ke kuahiwi

Aia he 5 mau hiʻohiʻona ma nā ʻanoʻano.
• Noho ʻo M. muntjak Zimmermann ma Burma, Sri Lanka, Malacca, Indochina, Thailand, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Hainan me Java,
• Noho ʻo M. reevesi Ogilby ma Taiwan a me Hikina Hikina,
• Noho ʻo M. rooseveltorum Osgood ma ka ʻāina ʻo Indochina,
• Ua loaʻa ʻo M. uge Thomas et Doria ma Thailand,
• Noho ʻo M. crinifrons Sclater ma East China.

Aia nā ʻano o M. crinifrons Sclater a me M. feae Thomas et Doria ma ka Red Red Book, ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano he nui, akā ʻike ʻia kona ʻano maoli, a ua weliweli ka lua.

Genus: Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815 = Muntzhaki

Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815 = MuntzhakiʻO ka loa kino 89–55 cm, ka lōʻihi o ka huelo 13-23 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo 40-65 cm, ke kaupaona 40-50 kg. Ke kino ana ke kino ma nā pōkole pōkole, he ʻuʻuku ke ʻākau. ʻOhi ke ʻāʻī. Pānā pololei ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. I ka hope ʻana o ka muzzle kahi huluhulu ʻiliʻili o ka ʻili. Koi a nui ka maka a me ka pepeiao. ʻO ke poʻo o ka pepeiao. He maʻalahi loa nā lau (me ka liʻiliʻi o ka infraorbital a i kekahi manawa ʻelua mau hana kumu) nā ʻāpana he 4-25 cm lōʻihi.

ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae o mua ma mua o ke alo. Maʻaleʻa nā hulupa lateral. ʻO ka lauoho lauoho ka aneane like ʻole manuahi, haʻahaʻa a loaʻa ʻole i nā poʻe e noho ana i nā wahi tropic a ʻoi aku ka nui a pohō i loko o nā kanaka mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka pā. ʻO ke kala o ke kua i hope mai ke melemele a hina paha-brown i ka brown a ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula, i keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻAno nā holoholona ʻōpio. Kūkulu ʻia nā kīpala preorbital. Aia hoʻi nā frontal, paʻi i pā a me nā ʻōpū o nā ʻalā - interdigital glands. ʻAʻohe ʻōlapa metatarsal. ʻO ka helu diploid o nā chromosome he 46.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma Sri Lanka, ma East India, Southeast Tibet, Burma, ma ka Indochina a me Malacca Peninsulas, i Kina (ma ka ʻākau a hiki i 32 ° N), i nā mokupuni o Taiwan, Hainan, Kalimantan , Sumatra, Java, Bali a me nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi. Noho ka noho palona ma nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻāina anthropogenic kokoke i ka wai. Ku ma uka kuahiwi i ka palena o ka nahele (a hiki i ka 4000 mau mika ma luna o ke kai. ʻOihana ma ke kakahiaka a me ka pō. Waiho wale ʻia a he mau pālua, kekahi mau ʻohana. E hānai aku i nā ʻano lāʻau, nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā ʻopihi, etc. I ka wā o ka wā a i ka weliweli paha lākou i kani leo nui. Inā ʻaʻole i nalowale ka pōʻino, hiki i ka mauna ke "lāʻau" i hoʻokahi hola a keu paha. ʻAʻohe hanana i ka wā hānau. ʻO ka nui o ka hānau ma ka Java a me Sumatra ka hapa ʻelua o ka makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke hāpai ʻana ma kahi o 6 mau mahina. I ka litter one, jarang ʻelua kūbita. ʻO ka nui o ka mea kanikani i ka wā hānau ʻo 550-650 g.ʻei kahi keʻa ʻōpio i ke ola kūʻokoʻa i ke 6 mau makahiki o kona mau makahiki. Puhi ka makehe i nā wahine ma 7-8 mau mahina, a i nā kāne i hoʻokahi makahiki o ko lākou mau makahiki. ʻO ke ola he 12-15 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻenemi nui loa ka tiger a me ka leopadi. Ke ʻimi nei nā wahi kuahiwi i ka mauna no ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili. Kāhea ʻia nā mauna i kahi paʻa.

Aia he 5 mau mea ola i loko o ke ʻano:M. muntjak Zimmermann, 1780 (Hindustan Peninsula, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Indochina Peninsula, Malacca Peninsula, Hainan Islands, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java), M. rooseveltorum Osgood, 1932 (Indochina Peninsula), M. reevesi Ogilby, 1839 (East China a me Taiwan), M. crinifrons Sclater, 1885 (East China) a me M. Pilie Thomas et Doria, 1889 (Thailand).

Ma hope o Haltennorth (Haltennorth, 1963), ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka hoʻohui ʻana iā lākou i kekahi ʻano. E pili ana i nā ʻano mai Tenasserim - M. uge Thomas et Doria, 1889, a me Kūʻai Kūlani - M. crinifrons Sclater, 1885, "Puke ʻula": ʻO ka mea mua i hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka hala ʻole, a ʻo ka lua he mea liʻiliʻi he nui kahi kūlana i ʻike ʻole ʻia.

ʻO Muntzhak kekahi o ka makera kahiko loa o ka Honua.

ʻO ia, e like me mākou, ke keiki no ka manawa o Cenozoic, akā he nui ma mua o mākou. He kanalima miliona mau makahiki i hala, ma Eocene, he manawa ulu, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka wanaʻao o kahi ola hou", i noho ai kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, ma hope o ka lime o nā makahiki i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo archimeriks. He lei ana ia a me na niu. ʻO ka like me ka Musk deer a me Mountzhak.

Mai kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻoluʻolu e loaʻa i nā kaila nā kumu. Ua ulu wikiwiki lākou. A hala mau makahiki he mau miliona, i waenakonu o ka Quaternary, i ka manawa like ʻole nā ​​anthropoid, like like me nā kānaka, i ka hele ʻana a puni ka honua, he mau nalo.

Me he mea lā e mākaukau nei lākou i ka parade no ka hānau ʻana o ka mea mua a loaʻa iā lākou nā kūleʻa nui no kēia lā koʻikoʻi: lilo lākou i nui, lokomaikaʻi a nani hoʻi, me he mea lā e hoʻomaopopo ana e manaʻo nui kekahi iā lākou.

A mahalo ʻo ia i kahi mea kūpono iā lākou.

Akā e pili ana i nā muntzhaks. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ko lākou hopena. Ma mua o ka Quaternary, ua hoʻomohala lākou i nā wahi a pau. Akā naʻe, ua make lākou, ke waiho nei i nā hua, mai nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano manu like ʻole. Ua ola lākou i kahi wale nō ma ka ʻāina Indo-Malay. Eia nā ʻōlima a me nā pōkole i mau mau ai, no laila ʻaʻole i loli nui ka muntzhaki. Inā makemake ʻoe e pena i kahi ala e noho ai, e ʻōlelo, i ka manawa Tertiary, ʻo ke ʻano ma kou manamana lima.

Akā mai poina e pili ana i nā ʻōpū! Hōʻike ʻia ka muntzhak i kēia wā i ka wā ʻōpio; ua ʻōlelo ʻia kona kūpuna no ka ʻōpio.

ʻO ka kumu kahiko o ka Muntzhaks

Ua noho ʻo kahi ungulate liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala, i kahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka wanaʻao o kahi ola hou," ma Eocene.

Hiki ke paona ʻo Muntzhaki mai 12 a 33 mau kilogram, ma kekahi mau ʻano, kaupaona ke kiʻekiʻe 50 kilograms.

Ua kapa ʻia kēia holoholona he archiomerix. ʻAʻohe ona ihe ʻia, akā he mauʻu nāʻu, e like me ka muntzhak. ʻO ka hapa paha, mai nā archiomerixes, nā muntzhaks mai.

Ua ulu wikiwiki kēia mau holoholona kahiko, a i ka manawa Quaternary, i ka wā e ola ai ka poʻe, aia nā ʻoloka. ʻO lākou me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke ʻano o nā kānaka: lilo ke kanaka i lokomaikaʻi, nui a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.