He holoholona holoholona kupaianaha a kupaianaha ka desman holoholona e noho ana ma Rūsia a ua kau inoa ʻia ma ka Red Book. No nā ʻohana o nā mea inikini detachment mamachals.
Lūkini Russian
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā loea e wehewehe i ka desman he mole, akā aia kekahi e lawe ai iā lākou i loko o kahi ʻohana kaʻawale. I kēia manawa, aia ma loko o ka nahele, ʻelua wale nō mau ʻano o ka muskrat: ʻo ia ka muskrat Russian a muskrat (lat. Desmana moschata) a me Pyrenean muskrat (lat. Galemys pyrenaicus). Ke kapa aku nei nā kānaka i ka mole wai muskrat, no kona hiki i kona makaukau e pae a hoʻoilo, me ka hoʻolāʻau i nā minks lōʻihi i lalo o ka hale.
Noho kahi o ka desman
Noho kēia holoholona ma kahi o nā kahawai me nā papa leʻo. Makemake ʻo ia i kahi kapakai kahakai me kahi ululāʻau kokoke. ʻAhala nui ka noho ʻana o nā muskrat, ua hoʻopili ʻia loa ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai ʻo Don, Volga, a me Dnieper. Loaʻa iā ia ma ka muliwai Ural ma Siberia. Ma nā ipu o nā muliwai ʻē aʻe, ua liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka desman.
He aha ke ʻano o ka muskrat?
He mea hoihoi loa nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia holoholona. ʻO kahi muzzle elongated he lōʻihi, kahi ngaki lōʻihi a me nā wāwae ʻelima me nā membrane a me nā lima ikaika, kahi huelo ikaika. ʻO ke ʻano āpau o ka desman e ʻōlelo no kona ola kaola.
ʻO ka holoholona kiʻi ʻo ia ka holoholona liʻiliʻi a kaulana loa.
ʻO ke kino o ke ʻano o ka oval streamlines me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me nā maka me ka umauma wai ʻole wai, a me nā membranes i nā wāwae i kōkua i ka holoholona ʻaʻole i kālai wale i nā minks ma lalo o ka manu, akā ʻo ka lawaiʻa koke a lawai hohonu a hohonu hoʻi i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai.
Kahi maʻamau ka lōʻihi o ka wā ʻelemakule ma mua o 50 sentimita ka lōʻihi, me ke kāʻei e noho ana i ka hapalua o kēia lōʻihi. Nani ke kaupaona ana ma kahi o ka pouna.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi hoihoi ka hulu manu o ka holoholona. ʻO nā lauoho huluhulu i ke kumu heʻuʻuʻuku iki a ʻoi i luna, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ke kino me ka hoʻomehana ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka paʻa o ka hulu. Ke kala: ma ka kua, ua ʻeleʻele loa ka hulu a loaʻa ke kala ʻeleʻele a hina paha, a ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāpana kala-hina.
ʻOi ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻohana
ʻO ka haʻaheo kūikawā o ka desman ka huki. He pālahalaha, lōʻihi a hoʻoneʻe ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao. Hana ka huelo o kēia holoholona i kekahi mau hana i hoʻokahi manawa. I ka wā ʻauʻau a me ka huakaʻi, ua hoʻopili ia i ka hoʻokele a me nā manawa wela ke hoʻoponopono nei i ka kao wela o ka nui o nā mea holo.
ʻAʻole e like me ke kino, ke uhi ʻia ka ʻili me nā unahi pōkole, a ma ka piko o ka piko o ka lauoho koʻikoʻi, e hana ana me he paila. Aia ma ka waihona o ka huina he nui nā “momona” ʻano. Pahuau maikaʻi ka desman ma muli o ka hiapo ikaika a me nā wāwae hind. Puka pōkole ʻo Forelegs a aneane ʻaʻole makemake i ke ʻauʻau. No laila eʻauʻau ana, kau ʻo ia i kona wāwae mua ma kona umauma.
ʻO kahi muzzle lōʻihi me ka ihu elongated e hiki ai i ka desman, ʻoiai eʻauʻau ana a e hoʻohemo ana, e huki hou i ka ea i loko o nā māmā me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia me ke kino holoʻokoʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao. A ʻaʻole i ʻae nā mau kīwaha a me nā aila kūikawā o ka palate i ka wai e komo i ka ʻeha o ka hanu i ka wā ʻai ma lalo o ka muliwai. E like me nā moles āpau, he maikaʻi ʻole ka maka o ka desman, akā maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka ʻono a me nā pā.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke kumu kūʻai ola
He holoholona ʻoi loa ka desman. ʻOiai ka mea maʻamau i ka wai, e kūkulu ana ia i nā minks ma lalo o ka wai i ka lepo. ʻAe, ʻaʻohe mea. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokahi kau mink nui ka desman, kahi e waiho ai ka lumi huna, a he nui kekahi, he wā lewa, kahi e hoʻomaha ai ka holoholona a maluwale i waho o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.
ʻO ka maʻamau ka noho ʻana o nā muskrats i ko lākou minks a i ʻole nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, a i ka hoʻoilo wale nō a hiki i 12 mau kanaka o nā ʻano ʻae a hiki ʻole ke hōʻuluʻulu i ka hoʻoilo i loko o hoʻokahi mink. Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā keʻena nui e nā mau lau a me nā lau, a ʻo nā "ʻalā" hehi ʻala i hala i mua o nā poʻe maʻamau.
He aha nā ka mea kahu ʻai?
ʻOiai ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa, ʻai nui ʻo desman i nā mea. ʻO ka desman kekahi o nā holoholona insectivorous ka nui i ka lewa. Hoʻomaʻo ia i nā hua pepeke manu, crustaceans, mollusks, pīpī, a me nā leeches. Ke neʻe nei ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaukā, hoʻokuʻu ke holoholona i ka ea i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a puka nā pōpī liʻiliʻi i loko o ka wai. ʻOiai ka nui o ka wai o ka wai me ka oxygen, hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hihiu e waiho i nā ʻōpala. No laila hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ka mea lawela a ʻai iā lākou.
I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e hoʻoheʻe ai ka hau, ua hoʻāhu ʻia ka muskrat e mink, no laila pono wikiwiki nā holoholona e huli i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke ola. A i ka wā wela, i ka wā e liʻiliʻi ai ka muliwai, ua nele hoʻi lākou i ka wai, a koi ʻia lākou e huli i kahi e noho ai.
Hoʻokomo ʻia muskrat ma ke ʻano
Ua lohi iki ʻo Desman me ka neʻe ʻana ma ka ʻāina, no laila he nui lākou i nā ʻenemi. ʻO kēia mau alopeke, ʻōpala, nā pōpoki, nā ʻiʻo hihiu a me ka ʻīlio, a me nā mea kipi paha e hoʻouka iā lākou. Ma ka ʻāina, ua koho ʻia lākou i ka wā nui o ka māla, a ua hāʻule wale ʻia i ke kahe wai.
A laila, lohe ʻia nā kani mele mele mele a nā kāne kāne i nā wahi a pau. ʻO kekahi manawa hakakā nā kāne no ka wahine. Lawe pinepine nā wahine i nā ʻōpala i 2 mau manawa i ka makahiki: i ke kauwela a me ka lulu. He 5 mau keiki i hānau ʻia i ka manawa a ʻo ke kāne me kona ʻohana, nā kahuʻi a kōkua i ka hānai i nā keiki.
I kēia lā, ke ola nei ka desman i nā ʻano kūlohelohe a me nā mea hoʻāno i ʻole ʻike ʻole ai kēia ʻano mai ko mākou honua.
He ʻano ʻē loa ka desman a like ʻole i kekahi holoholona. A ʻike ʻoe aia kahi manu he ʻano like me ka dinosaur ma mua o kahi manu ma ka laulā. Makemake e ʻike e pili ana iā ia? A laila e heluhelu i kēia ʻatikala.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO ka desman, he mokulele a i ʻole paha he kanaka nona ka Lūkini - he mau ʻano he endemikena, ʻo ia hoʻi, e noho ana ma kekahi wahi kuʻuna.
ʻO ka hapa nui i Russia (ʻo Ural, Don a me Dnieper kīkaha wai, ma ka Volga luna), akā i kekahi mau wahi o ka US US mua - ma Kazakhstan a me Ukraine.
ʻO nā holoholona e like ʻōpala a nā pua, e alakaʻi ana i kahi nohona semi-aquatic, makemake i nā mea waiwai panikina.
Nui!Aia kekahi ʻano holoholona o kahi holoholona - ka Pyrenean desman, maʻamau ma Sepania, Pokukala a me ka Hema o Komohana-Komohana. Ma kahi he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa ka hapa o ka Lūkini Rūkū a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i kahi huelo.
ʻO kēia ka mea o ka hoaʻi Pyrenees hoahele o ka Lūkini wai water Russian
ʻO ka wehewehe mua ʻana o ka moʻomeheu ʻano ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia i ka hapalua ʻelua o ka 18 kenekulia. Mai ka makahiki 1986, ua kākau inoa ʻia ka desman i ka Red Red Book.
ʻO ka nui o ka mamalia liʻiliʻi e hoʻomau mau i ka wā. I kēia lā, hiki i ka lehulehu o Lūkini Khokhuli he 35 tausani kanaka.
ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā helu helu ʻo ia ka mea i loko o kekahi mau wahi kāhea ka nui o nā holoholona i mālama ʻia.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hala i ka hana kanaka. Ua alakaʻi kēia iā:
- haumia wai
- ka hoʻopilikia ʻana a me ka pōkole wai no ka hoʻomōhala ʻana o ka ʻāina mahiai,
- nets lawaiʻa a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻohe!Hōʻike ʻia ka desman i kahi kālā kālā 1 ruble mai ka pahu Red Book.
Ua pilikia kēia mau mea ʻo Desman me ka pau loa
Kāne
ʻO kahi muskrat ka holoholona relic. ʻO ia, e pili ana i nā ʻanoʻano i loli ʻole i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa like ka wehewehe ʻana o ke ʻano wai wai kūlohelohe o kona mau kūpuna mamao. Penei, ua noho mua nā Ukrainia ma ka Honua no 30 miliona mau makahiki a ua noho paʻa ʻo ia ma kahi o Europa a pau.
ʻO ia, heʻoiaʻiʻo maoli - kahi kuʻi o nā mammoths, hiki ke wehewehe i ka ʻano kūlohelohe a me ke ʻano o ka holoholona: like me ka poʻe ʻole mai kēia manawa Wahi a kēia hōʻailona, kokoke ka desman i ka echidna a i ʻole ka mōnele kahiko o ka hatteria, i pakele ai a hiki i kēia lā.
Noho ka desman i loko o hoʻokahi pahu, e wehe ana ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lua e hiki ai i ʻekolu mau mika a aia kahi o ka pae wai.
I loko, ʻoi pinepine mau mau hoʻonui. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau holoholona ke noho i hoʻokahi mink. ʻO ke kauwela lākou e noho ai i nā kāne, nā ʻohana, kekahi wale nō.
He aina mamala keia, aka, ua hana maoli: ʻoi loa kēia pēpē i hapalua kona ola i ka wai. Nā neʻe pilikino a me nā kuhi hewa ʻole - ke kumu nui kēia o ke ola o ka noho ʻana o nā kahawai a me kā lākou mau waihona
He kūoʻaka ka hōʻole ʻana i kēlā me kēia "kaiāulu" noho kahalulu, aia kēlā me kēia pilikino i kona ʻāina kūlohelohe. Pili nā mea āpau ma o nā wahi i lalo o ka wai he 25-30 mika lōʻihi.
I kekahi hihia, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kahe, ua ʻauheʻe nā wai i ka wai, a pakele nā holoholona a i nā pōkole wale nō ma luna o nā ʻāpana ʻole o ke kai, a e piʻi ai paha i nā lālā lāʻau e kū ana i ka wai.
ʻAʻohe!ʻO ka desman i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ka "blind submariner", e wehewehe pono i ke ʻano o kēia holoholona. No laila, he paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kiʻi maikaʻi o Khokhuli: mālama ʻo ia iā ia ma lalo o lalo a i ʻole ka wai.
Kāleka
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea i kēia holoholona maikaʻi, akā nani loa. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka mea make hanohano ʻo Lūkia.
Eia nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka makmal liʻiliʻi, hiki ke palekana palekana i kahi pahu wai.
- ʻO ka ihu i ka heleʻana o kahi ʻōpala.
- Lōʻihi loa ka Vibrissae (antennae).
- Nui ka huelo, uhi ʻia i nā unahi horny a hoʻololi i kona ʻano i nā manawa he nui ma luna o kona lōʻihi - he aʻalā, a laila waʻa (a laila i loko o ka palala) nā pala.
- Ke neʻe nei ka desman i nā wāwae pōkole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wāwae hind i ka nui a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mua.
- Ma waena o nā manamana lima a me nā ʻāpana i nā membran e kōkua i kaʻau muskrat.
- He mānouhulu ka lauoho o ka huluhulu, hilinaʻi i ka aila.
ʻO ka mea nui ka mea nui loa, no ka mea pono ʻoe e ʻauʻau i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka ihu, ʻoi aku e like me ka hehi, ka mea nui i ka mana nui ma mua o nā maka liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻole i kekahi mea
Nā hiʻohiʻona nui
He mea huna hūnā kēia mea noho o nā muliwai a me nā kahakai. ʻOiaiʻo ka noho maʻamau o kahi kokoke i nā kānaka, he paʻakikī ke ʻike me kona mau maka ponoʻī.
ʻO ka maʻamau hiki ʻole ke hana i kahi wehewehe o nā nānā mai waho mai. Mai lalo o ka wai, hōʻike wale ka mea lawaiʻa kahawai e huki wale i ka lewa i loko o ke anā a holo hou.
I kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i kāna neʻe ma o nā pōhā ea, i kēia manawa a laila e ala i ka wai.
I ke kiʻi, ua like ka desman i kahi holoholona makapō. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia no ka mea he makaʻo kona mau maka, a ʻo ka nui o kā lākou nui.
ʻOiai aneane piha makapō, ʻike maikaʻi ʻo Khokhula i ka lewa no ka hoʻopāpā maikaʻi loa a me ka ʻono, a ʻo ia hoʻi he mea huluhulu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, maikaʻi wale ʻo ia ma lalo o ka wai, no ka mea, ma ka ʻāina, waʻa, he mau lua nani loa a he mau lua ʻole ke kapa o ka mole.
No laila, e puka wale ana i ka wai inā pono maoli. Eia kekahi, he nui nā mea kikoʻī ma luna o ka wai a ma ka honua, no laila ʻo ke ʻano o ke kai ʻoi he mea hōʻoia nō hoʻi i kona lōʻihi.
ʻO ka hulu manu holoholona. I loko o kāna kālaiʻana, e ʻokoʻa i nā mea a pau o nā momi i kēia wā ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia i ke kiʻi, akā e hoʻomohala nā lauoho i ka hopena, a ma nā aʻa, ke kapi ka mea.
ʻO ka huluhulu like ʻole ʻole e hoʻokuʻu i ka lewa ma. No kēia kumu, noho pinepine nā parasit i loko o ia - nā pūlea hornworm e hoʻohana ana i ka oxygen i loaʻa i ka hulu no ka ola ma lalo o ka wai.
ʻO ia no ka huluhulu i hoʻoili ʻia ai nā ʻano o ka manu o ka hemo - ua ʻoi aku ʻoi a ʻoi no ka hulu ʻŌlani wahī.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻū wale ka hulu mai ka ʻaoʻao i waho - he kiʻi ʻōpū maoli ia o ka wai, ma lalo kahi maloʻo a hoʻomehana ʻia
ʻAʻole i like me nā momi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kēia e noho i kēia wai i ka hoʻoilo: hoʻomau ka hana ma ka pae like.
Eia kekahi, i nā mahina hoʻoilo i ka hana e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hanauna hou o nā cubs i ka mākaukau piha. Ma ke ala, ʻike hou ʻia i ke kauwela.
ʻAʻohe!ʻO ka inoa ʻo "Khokhul" puka mai i ka hulina kikowaʻa "sniff," ʻo ia hoʻi, "stink." ʻO kēia ma muli o ke ʻala o musk i huna ʻia e ka ʻili o ka desman.
Mea ʻai
ʻAi ʻia ka mea desman - a hiki i ka nui o ke aniani i kona leona ponoi i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka holoholona he holoholona maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai ka maka maoli.
ʻO ka pīpī loloukiʻo Long ke kumu nui o nā hōʻailona e komo mai ana i waho o ka honua e pili ana i ka neʻe o ka waiwai e hiki ke komo.
Noho ʻia nā ʻano ʻano he manuahi manu, akā ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻai. I ke kauwela, ʻai ʻo Khokhul i ka leʻaleʻa, nā mea make kai, nā mea ulu ʻole.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo ia e hopu i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a ʻokoʻa kekahi i hoʻololi i kahi meaʻai ʻai.
E ʻike aku i ka ʻai, e noiʻi pono ana kēia kahu huluhulu i ka lalo o ke kōnaa me kona ihu kupaianaha a ʻūlū ʻia i silt me kāna mau wāwae. Lawe ʻia ka mea pio i kahi lua a kahi wahi palekana paha kahi i kāhea ai ka huni e kahi mea ʻai.
ʻO kahi pākeke maikaʻi he kalo wai. Akā he mea kukui kukui wale nō
ʻO ka wai kahe e hoʻopiha pinepine iā lākou iho i nā mea hoʻopiʻi nui. mau kipa, nā ʻalopona a me ka ermines, a me nā manu e like me ka paila, aila a i ʻole moor.
He lōʻihi ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi waiwai wai liʻiliʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ka mea weliweli loa i ka poʻe neʻe, akā i nā holoholona e like muskrat mink a mink.
Hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka desman mai kā lākou wahi kūlohelohe.
ʻAno hānau
Hoʻomaka ka hana hoʻohāʻau ma ka desman i ka manawa o ke kahawai wai.
Hana ʻia nā kānaka makua (ma kahi o 11 mau mahina) i ka wā ʻelua i ka manawa e haʻalele ai lākou i nā pahu.
I kēia mau lā, pau ka lewa ma nā kapa o ka muliwai e ka wā nui i ka kani ʻana i nā kāne a me nā kani kani leo a nā wahine e hana ai. Ua pinepine nā kaua paʻakikī ma waena o nā kāne.
Hoʻomoe nā kāne male i ka manawa o ka pōʻino honua - ka waipū ʻana o nā hale noho maʻamau
Pono ke kahuhipa ma kahi o 50 lā. Hānau ʻia kahi wahine ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau kālā. E kū wale ana nō.
Hoʻomaʻuleʻa nā keiki i ka lauoho, ʻoiai he mau makapō a he ʻole pale ʻole lākou. Pono lākou i ka pale, nā mea a ka makuahine i hana ai i ka pūnana o nā mea kanu lalo.
Kūpaʻa nā peʻa e pili ana i 3 g a ulu i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua hoʻomaka nā Muskrat i Mei-Iune a Nowemapa-Kekemapa.
Ke waiho mau nei ʻo Males me kahi brood. Ma hope o 4 mau mahina, e lilo nā pēpē a kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa.
ʻAʻohe!I ka pilikia o ka pōʻino, hiki i ka wahine ke halihali i nā ʻāpana i kekahi mink ma kona kua ponoʻī.
ʻO ka pilina me ke kāne
E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, nā kuleana nui a ke kanaka no kēia ʻano mea i kona make ʻana. I ka wā hoʻokahi, he mau kānaka kūʻaiwaiwai nā Ukrainia.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu, i huna ʻia e nā lepa ma ka ʻehā o ka mamala. A hiki i ka kenekulia XVII, noho hoʻokahi wale nō kēia mea e mahalo ʻia ana, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia ai ka holoholona.
Ma hope mai, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka hulu manuahi i mea nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lauoho beaver. Mai 1920 a 1940, aia ka pāpā ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā holoholona.
ʻAe kēia i hoʻonui i ka heluna o nā kānaka. Mai 1940 a 1957, hoʻomau ka lawaiʻa, a laila paʻa ka papa. I kēia manawa hiki iā ia ke hopu wale i nā Ukrainians no ke kumu o ka noho hou.
Ua lilo ke kanaka i kumu nui no ka pau o kēia ʻano nane, a ua hana nui nā zoologists i kēia lā e mālama iā ia.
Ua hana ʻia kahi hana nui i kēia kuhikuhi. Ua kau ʻia ka desman i nā wahi a lākou i hele ʻole ai ma mua. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mālama a me nā hana.
I kēia lā, mau ka hana e mālama ai i kahi mea ʻike loea ʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa ka hapa ʻokoʻa loa ma Rusia i nā wahi:
- Kursk wahi
- Nā Kākōkō
- Bryansk
- Tambov
- Ivanovo
- Kostroma
- Yaroslavl
- ʻO nā ʻāinaʻo Vladimir.
ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā poʻe (e pili ana i ʻelua tausani) ke noho ma ka ʻāina o Kurgan.Ma Siberia, ua hāʻule ka nui o nā ʻano manuahi i nā makahiki he nui.
ʻAʻohe kikoʻī kikoʻī i ka ʻike i ka desman ma ka home.
ʻAʻole paʻakikī kēia e hoʻomaopopo i ka wehewehe ʻana o ke ʻano o ka mamola: pono ia i ka nui o ka meaʻai, kahi microclimate kūikawā, kahi wahi e hiki ai ʻoe ke eli i kahi lua a i kahi pāhaʻi paha, a me kahi waihona kālā hoʻi.
ʻO ke kiʻi like ʻia. ʻO ka hewa no ka nohona huna a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hālāwai ʻana he ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano ma ke ʻano
Akā i ka pio, ke kahe ʻia nei ka holoholona - loaʻa i kēia mau paka nā zoological.
Ma laila, hoʻonui ka nui o nā makahiki holoholona i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hoa ʻai holoholona e noho nei i ka hihiu no ka awelika o hoʻokahi makahiki.
No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā manaʻo o ka home. Me ka ʻokoʻa o nā kūlana e pono ai, hiki ʻole ke hana i kēia ma ke kahua o ke kūlanakauhale.
I kēia lā, ua loaʻa i nā mea ʻepekema ke kuleana nui: ka hana o ka mālama i ka desman i kahi kūlana kūlohelohe.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i nā ho'āʻo holoʻokoʻa a pau ma hope o 50 makahiki, e aʻo nā keiki e pili ana i kēia ʻano wai kūlohelohe wale nō mai nā palapala palapala a me nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi hiki ke loaʻa ma ka Pūnaewele.
Vykhuhol: Ka mea noho o ka muliwai maʻamau
ʻO ka desman kekahi o nā holoholona koʻikoʻi a me nā mea pohihihi loa o nā holoholona, aia ma ka palena o kahi maumo. ʻO nā kiʻi o kēia mau holoholona i ke ʻano, ʻo ia paha ka mea hope loa, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i ka mālama no ka nānā i kahi kūnā.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Ma muli o ka wā kahiko o nā ʻano ʻano, he hoʻoholo kūpono ʻana i kona kumu. ʻO nā kūpuna o nā muskrat nā holoholona manuʻewa manuahi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka hana hoʻomalu, loaʻa i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano e like me nā holoholona hou. No 30 miliona mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka loli ke hoʻololi pono i ka muskrat, no laila i kēia lā ʻike mākou ia like me nā mammoths a me nā kokoke āpau o nā kūpuna o kēia au ke ʻike ia. ʻO nā hoahānau pili o ka Desman Lūkini he mau molika hou, a he nui nā hiʻohiʻona like i ka desman i ka anatomy a me ka biology.
Makemake ʻo ka punahele e noho ma nā wahi wai i loko o nā lua i ʻeli ai ʻo ia iā ia iho. Hoʻopili maoli nā noho ʻai a hele i ka ʻaoʻao o ka wai. I nā ʻuʻuku, hoʻokele ka desman i ka hapa nui o ka manawa e peʻe ai mai kona mau ʻenemi, komo. mai kahi kanaka. Hiki i ka holoholona ke holo maikaʻi, loaʻa kahi manaʻo maikaʻi loa o ka ʻā a paʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino liʻiliʻi me ka lauoho mānoanoa, kahi e hoʻoiho ai ka holoholona i nā mea huna o nā kohu musk. Mahalo i kēia, loaʻa i ka huluhulu i kahi hiki ke hoʻōla wai, akā i ka manawa like i hāʻawi ai i ka desman i kahi mea momona maikaʻi ʻole.
Hoʻohana ʻo Khokhul i nā pūlapa liʻiliʻi, nā mollusks, nā pepeke a me nā mea kanu kai. ʻAʻole hana ka holoholona i nā lāʻau hoʻoilo a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka hibernate, e alakaʻi nei i kahi ola ikaika a puni ka makahiki. Ma muli o kēia ʻano kūlike, ʻaʻole hiki i ka desman ke hoʻonui i ka pālahalaha loa i ke kūkulu ʻākau - paʻakikī no ka holoholona e hoʻomanawanui i ka hele ʻana o ke anuanu.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o muskrat
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka desman he ihu lōʻihi e like me ke ʻōpala, nā wāwae a me nā membrane ma waena o nā manamana lima, kahi hiʻi ikaika, i uhi ʻia me nā paʻi koʻikoʻi, kahi e hoʻohana ai ka holoholona ma ke ʻano. Hoʻololilo ʻia ke kino o kahi Desman Lūkini (Khokhuli) a me he mea lā e hana ʻia no ke ola ikaika i ka ʻāina a i ka wai, ka ʻōpū o kahi holoholona kālā keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ka hope.
ʻO ka kala o ka holoholona kēia mea e hoʻopili ai i loko o nā wahi wai.. ^ E Ha yM. He mānoanoa ka lole a ʻaʻole pueʻa, no ka mea e hoʻomau mau ʻia ana ka holoholona me ka musk, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia me nā kūlohelohe kūikawā. Inā hāʻawi ka kala o ka desman i masking, a laila hāʻawi pinepine kahi ʻala ikaika iā ia.
He hoihoi! He nāwaliwali loa ka ʻike maka o ka desman, akā ʻaʻole ia he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ko lākou ola, ʻoiai, ʻo kēia drawback i aneane holoʻokoʻa loa no ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka ʻoni.
Hoʻoulu nui ʻia ka lohe ʻana i kēia holoholona, akā loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona.ʻAʻole paha ia i hoʻolohe i nā leo kani nui, e like me ka poʻe e kamaʻilio nei, akā pane koke ʻo ia i nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, nā ʻā nāīpī a i ʻole kahi wai wai. Ua wehewehe nā ʻepekema ʻenehana i kēia hiʻona e nā kūlana ola.
Ke noho maʻamau
Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau holoholona i kahi ola wai-terrestrial.. ^ E Ha yM. Ua koho ka Russian desman i nā wahi e noho ai ma ke ala mālie o nā kahawai, nā wai a me nā loko. Kūpū manu ʻana - a he mau mea ʻoihana ʻoihana maoli kēia me ka lōʻihi o 10 m a i ʻole ʻoi aku paha, me nā neʻe a me nā lālā.
ʻAe kēia i nā muskrats e mālama i nā lako i ʻai na lākou e ʻai ai i ka manawa pōloli, peʻe mai nā ʻenemi a huli a puni e ʻimi i nā meaʻai. ʻO kēia mau mea i hoʻonui ʻia e maikaʻi i ka hoʻoilo: ua wela lākou a aia ke manawa e loaʻa ai nā mea pio. Ma nāʻaoʻao o nā kiʻi kōpae hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā kikowaena pūnaewele o nā kaohi lalo a lalo, nā puka komo i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ka pou wai.
I ke kauwela wela, i ka wā e hiolo nui ai ka pae wai, hoʻomānoʻo ka holoholona i lalo o nā wai o lalo o ke kai, alakaʻi hou iā lākou ma lalo o ka wai o ka wai. He mea paʻakikī loa ke loaʻa i kēia mau noho hale, ʻoiai he mau mea mālama nui loa kēia.
ʻO nā mea pōʻino he nui, nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā mea kauwila i aʻo aku i kēia mau holoholona e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano pilikino. No 30 miliona mau makahiki, ua aʻo ʻo desman e hūnā maikaʻi mai ka honua waho. Akā naʻe, hāʻawi mau ko lākou wahi noho i ke koena o ka meaʻai a lākou e waiho ai ma kahi o nā ʻili. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻohana ai nā poʻe preditor.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o kahi desman?
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, he holoholona koʻikoʻi loa kēia, ka mea nui e hāpai i ko lākou ola: ka hakahaka i ka wai i loko o nā wai wai, nā mea kai a me nā kānaka. No laila, me ke ʻano kānāwai, ʻaʻole lākou e noho i ka kūlohelohe o ke kūlohelohe no nā makahiki he 3-4 mau makahiki.
He hoihoi! I nā kūlana kūpono o nā wahi hoʻolaʻa a i nā zoos, i ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻopili a hoʻoweliweli paha kahi muskrat, hiki iā ia ke noho a hiki i 5-6 mau makahiki.
He manawa pōkole ia, kahi nīnū i nā kumu kūlohelohe a me ka hūʻī. ʻOi loa ka paʻakikī o nā muskrats ʻōpio, i ko lākou ʻike ʻole ʻole a hiki i kekahi hanana ke hoʻopau i ko lākou ola. No laila, ma kahi kahi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, pono ka moʻomeheu o ka desman i ka mālama kūikawā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona Anatomical o ka desman Lūkini
Loaʻa kēia holoholona i ke kaʻina o ka ʻōiwi i nā waiwai i kūpono no kahi ola semi-aquatic. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ua like ka desman me ka like me ka mammoths, akā, ʻaʻole like me kēia mau nunui, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e nā mālamalama hou aʻe. ʻO ka desman Lūkini, ka wehewehe kikoʻī i hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo pololei i ke ola o kēia mea ola, he mea maʻamau i kona mau hoahānau pili kokoke. Nui ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻole i ka ʻano o ka holoholona me ke kuʻina pinepine i kēia mau ʻano ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, noho ka mole a me muskrat i nā nological kūlohelohe, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i nā hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou kūkulu. He ʻokoʻa loa kēia holoholona i ka nui.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka luna kanaka Lūkini ma kahi o 25 cm.ʻO ka beʻe i hoʻonui ʻia e pili ana i ka nui like. He mea kupaianaha loa kēia hapa o ke kino o nā holoholona. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano hoe hoe, ka hāmeʻa e kōkua wikiwiki i ka holoholona. Ma kēia ʻāpana o ke kino, hōʻiliʻili nā mālama momona, kahi e hiki ai ke ola i nā maʻi anu anu i loko o ka desman, i ka manawa paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai no ka mea make manu. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻoi a me ka huelo a ka mea e koi ai i ka desman i ka wai a komo i ka hoʻoilo wela ke pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe koke ka holoholona. ʻO ia ke kumu i uhi ʻia ai kēia ʻaoʻao o ka kino me ka hulu wai-repellent, akā me nā mea paona. Aia kekahi mau puʻupuʻu kūikawā ma kahi o ka huelo. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka momona o ka Lūkini ma mua o 550 g. Ua maʻa ʻia ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka hulu o ka desman. Ua ʻno nui nā lauoho ma luna, akā he mānoanoa ko lākou mau kumu. He undercoat mahana ka holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho o ka huluhulu ka mea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kahele i nā ʻōpū o ka lewa ma waena o lākou, ka mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia me ka ʻōmole thermal maikaʻi loa i ka wā ʻauʻau i ka wai anuanu. ʻAʻole lawa ka huluhulu o ka holoholona. ʻO ka kua o ke holoholona ka mea maʻamau ke waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele a hina hina paha. He ʻeleʻula hina ka tummy.Aia kekahi pūpiki keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma nā maka. Kau ka manu ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i nā holoholona i ka wai o nā kahe wai. E like me ko lākou pili pono loa, moles, desman aneane ʻike makapō. He mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ko lākou e ʻike ai me ka ʻeleʻele uliuli.
Ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka Red Book me kahi desman
Akā, e uku kēia mau mea i ka nele o ka ʻike maikaʻi me ka paʻi maikaʻi a me ka ʻono. E lōʻihi loa nā Vibrissas ma ka muskrat o Lūkia, mahalo i kahi holoholona i hiki koke ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai no ia iho. Kūpī loa ka wāwae o kēia mau mea. Ua kau ʻia nā pāpale lima me nā laka lōʻihi. Ma ke kaʻina ʻana o ka ʻauʻau, kaomi ka holoholona i ka wāwae mua i ke kino, a me ka lālani me nā wāwae ʻākau. Hoʻopili ʻia nā manamana lima e nā membrane, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka neʻe i ka wai. Ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka ihu o ka holoholona, i mea e kōkua ai iā ia e hanu i ka lewa, me ke kū ʻole mai. ʻAe kēia i ka holoholona e pale i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka nui o ka lehulehu, pale i nā holoholona
I ka kenekulia 19, ua make nui nā muskrats no ko lākou ʻili a me nā wai musky, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o ka pakano e hoʻoponopono ai i nā mea ʻala. ʻO kēia mau hana i alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi o ko lākou heluna. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻike maoli ka nui o kēia mau holoholona, no ka mea, alakaʻi ʻo Khokhul i kahi ʻano pilikino a ākea loa ke hālāwai me ka ʻāina.
He hoihoi! Wahi a nā manaʻo kikoʻī o ka poʻe loea, ka palena kanaka desman i kēia lā he 30,000 mau mea kūlike. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi kēia, akā ua paʻa ka helu i kēia helu.
Hoʻoweliweli ka nui o nā holoholona i ka hoʻomoe ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā wai wai, ka luku ʻana i nā kahe wai, hana ʻoihana a me nā pahu, kahi hoʻomohala i nā wahi palekana wai, a ua kau ʻia nā ʻupena lawaiʻa, nā mea he muskrat.
No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kūlana, ua komo ka Lūkini Lūkini (Khokhulia) i loko o ka papa inoa o nā holoholona mai ka Red Book of Russia me ke ʻano o nā mea pili i hoʻokuʻi ʻole ʻia, e emi ana i nā helu. I kēia he 4 mau papa a me kahi o nā 80 mālama, kahi i mālama ʻia kēia holoholona ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana o nā ʻepekema.
Kālai ʻia nā ʻano hana palekana e pale a mālama i kēia mau holoholona, a hoʻihoʻi i kā lākou mau helu. I ka 2000, ua hana ʻia kahi papahana kūikawā ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo "Mālama i ka desman Lūkini", i hana ʻia i ka helu ʻana i ka helu o nā poʻe no ka desman a ke kūkulu nei i nā hana e mālama ai.
Nā kikowaena - nā wahi punahele o ka desman Lūkini
ʻO ka muskrat o Lūkini, makemake i nā wahi noho mālie i ka manawa (mau loko a me nā luʻu) no ke ola, makemake e ʻāʻī i nā lua, pōpilikia a lōʻihi (ma luna o 10 mau mika). I nā loko hoʻoneʻe nui i uhi ʻia me nā mea kanu lāʻau, aia nā labyrinths o nā kaohi mea i lalo o lalo, nā loko hoʻi i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ka pou wai. Ke hāʻule ka wai, ua koi ʻia ka holoholona i ka lōʻihi i ka papahele o lalo, a alakaʻi hou iā lākou ma lalo o ka wai kahe. 
Eia nō kekahi, ka mea i hana ʻia e ka Lūkini make i nā pōkole pōkole me kahi keʻena a me ka ʻōpala maloʻo, kahi i ka hoʻoilo e hoʻopihapiha ʻo ia i nā malu o ka ea i ka neʻe ʻana ma lalo o ka hau. ʻO ka kumu, lawelawe nā selela i loko o ka lua no ka hoʻomaha a me ka ʻai.
Hoʻaiho
Aia i hea ka desman? Ma kahi o kekahi mau wahi i Lūkia, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano relict i kekahi mau wahi ma Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Lithuania a me Belarus.
ʻO ka manaʻo kuhi ma ka'āina o Rūsia e noho ma ia mau wahi:
- Ma ka waihona Dnieper, noho kēia mau holoholona i nā kai like ʻole me ka Iput, Vyazma, a me Oster.
- Ma kaʻauka Don, ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā wai like me: Voronezh, Bityug, Khoper.
- Ma ka Volga kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi e like me Kotorosl a me ʻhaha. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia holoholona ma lalo o Klyazma, Moksha a me Tsne.
- Ma ka māhele ʻo Chelyabinsk, nā wahi i noho ai ka mea desman: ka lalo o lalo o ka muliwai Uy ma nā wahi o Kurgan, a me ka pilima Tobola.
Nā kumu no ka hoʻopau ʻana
Ua helu ʻia ka desman i loko o ka Red Red Book. ʻO ka helu o kēia mau holoholona ma 1973, he 70,000 a puni ka USSR. ʻO ke kumu maoli, ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o kēia mau holoholona ma muli o ka loaʻa kālā o kā lākou hulu, waiwai nui.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka waena o ka kenekulia 19, ua ʻoki nei kēia mau holoholona no ke ʻano piha o ia mea, a ma kahi o 100 tausani mau holoholona i luku ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma muli o ka hōʻino nui ʻana o kēia mau holoholona, a me ka hōʻino ʻole i ko lākou wahi noho (ka hakahaka o nā wai wai), kīloʻi kā lākou mau helu.
Wikiō
E nānā i kekahi wikiō hoihoi e pili ana i kēia holoholona kūikawā.
Ma waena o nā holoholona līeʻe a kupaianaha i loaʻa iā desman. Ua ola ka holoholona ma ka honua honua ma mua o 30 miliona mau makahiki. Ke kau inoa nei ʻo Rūkman desman i ka Red Book o Rūsia, no ka mea aia ma ka palena ua pau nā lā. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia holoholona, pehea, ke ʻano, kahi e noho ai ka desman, e aʻo mai kākou mai ka ʻatikala.
He ʻauhau
Russian ka ʻona a me ka crest (Latin Desmana moschata) e noho i kēia kūlana i loko o ka ʻauhau:
- Animal Animal Kingdom - Nā holoholona
- Pākuʻi Chordata - Chordata
- Subtype Vertebrata - Palapala Kūwili
- Nā Papa Mammalia-Nā Mammals
- ʻO Insectivora Squad Insectivora
- Mole a ʻohana paha Shrew
- ʻO Desmaninae subfamily (i kahi manawa i ʻike ʻia he ʻohana, ʻo ka lua o nā ʻano he Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus)
- Genus Vykhuhol -Desmana
- Nānā V.Russkaya - D. moschata
ʻO ka desman - wai waiʻO ka wehewehe a me ka muskrat kiʻi kiʻi
ʻO ka holoholona i ka inoa o nā mammals o ka ʻohana mole a me nā kauoha o nā insectivores. I ka wao nahele ʻelua ʻano muskrats:
Ua kapa aku nō hoʻi nā kānaka i ka holoholona i ka mole wai, no ka mea hiki i ka holoholona ke hiki iā lākou ke hele pono a holo i lalo, e wāwahi i nā kaila hohonu i loko o ka lepo. I ke kiʻi, hiki ke ʻike i ka holoholona a he hiʻohiʻona hoihoi. Ke nānā koke nei i ka desman hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo e pili ana i ka pili o ka aquatic.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoholona holoholona hiki i ka lōʻihi o 18-22 cm . ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i ka nui o ka holoholona ke hiki i 520 gr. ʻO ka huelo o ka desman ka lōʻihi o kona kino a ke uhi ʻia me ka unahi mau ʻia. ʻO ka luna o ka huʻu i uhi ʻia i nā lauoho lihilima, e hana ana i ka paila. Ua like kēia holoholona me nā manu, akā na nā manu wale nō e hana ka keel i kahi ʻāpana thoracic kūikawā. ʻO ka huelo ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka lapalapa ma ka waihona a ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana he mālamalama ʻōnaehoe. Ma kēia wahi o ka huelo he mau spands kiko. Hele aku nā maʻi palaka a he nui nā lua i loko o lākou, o nā ʻōmole ʻā o kahi ʻono koa hele mai ma o lākou. Ma hope koke o ka uhaki ʻana, hoʻopili nui ka ʻili i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
I ka male ʻana panahole elongated muzzle me ka ihu elongated (ʻōpala) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi laka kūikawā. I ka wā hoʻomaha i loko o ka wai, e pani nā kīpaha i nā puka ihu. He lōʻihi a haʻalulu loa ka holoholona. He manawa pokole nā desman, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wāwae lik ma mua o nā forelegs. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā manamana lima ʻelima me nā membrane e uhi ai nā wāwae i nā ʻalā. Loaʻa a lōʻihi a kokoke paha nā kiki. Hoʻopili i nā kihi o nā wāwae kuahi lauoho ka mea e kōkua i ka hoʻonui i ka mahele o ka pilina me ke kai aku.
Hōʻike pololei ke kiʻi ʻo ka muskrat i ka hulu a ulaula. Ma nā ʻaoʻao a ma ke kua, he ʻōuli ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka hulu, a hiki no hoʻi i ʻeleʻele pouri i ka waihoʻoluʻu. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka maka o ka holoholona, ua ʻoi aku ka māmā, me kāna ʻōpū a me kona ʻāʻī. ʻO kēia mau wahi kino o ke kino he hina hina a he ʻema-keʻokeʻo paha ke keʻokeʻo. Hiki i ka hulu ke mālama pono i ka ea, kahi e kōkua ai i ka mea desman e ʻaʻole hoʻokae i ka wā hoʻoilo ikaika. He hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi ka holoholona, no laila ke alakaʻi ʻia e kona ʻano maikaʻi loa o ka pā a me ka ʻāʻihi.
Hoʻaiho
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka muskrat i kahi mea pili wale nō, ka hopena ma ka wahi hope a Soviet. I ka wā prehistoric, hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahi a pau ma ʻEulopa a me nā mokupuni Pelekane. I kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona noho home, ua wāwahi ʻia ia wahi, ua palena ʻia ma nā wai like me Don, Dnieper, Volga, a me nā Urals. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokipa hou iā ia ma Kazakhstan, i kekahi manawa ma Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Portugal.
Mahele ʻāpana o muskrat
Loaʻa ʻo 500 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua pālahalaha kēia mau mea kupanaha ma loko o ʻEulopa. Ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina kuʻuna, ua pau nā muskrats i kēia manawa.Loaʻa nā hapa liʻiliʻi o kēia mau mea i nā kahawai wai a me nā kino o ka wai ma Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Lithuania a me Belarus. Loaʻa nā mau muskrats he nui i ka ʻāina o Lūkia. Noho ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea i loko o nā kīʻaha o nā Dnieper a me Don. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou ma ka Volga o luna. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu desman Lūkini ma mua o 30 tausani mau kanaka. Ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kēia mau holoholona i ka luku kino ʻana, ke kahawai o nā muliwai a me nā pōʻino o ke kaiapuni.
ʻAʻole ka ʻōpala. Ma ke ʻano o ka Lūkia, aia kekahi Desyr Pyrenean. Aia nō hoʻi ka Red Book i kēia mau ʻano. Aia ia he wahi pālahalaha paʻa. Kē ʻia ia holoholona holoholona i loko o nā kahawai ma ka pali o Pyrenees ma ka palena ʻo Sepania a me Farani. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ke noho nei ka Pyrenees desman ma Central Portugal. Ino kēia ʻano holoholona i loko o ka pilikia o ka desman, ke noho nei ʻo ia ma Central Europe, no ka mea, ua liʻiliʻi ʻo ia mau mea like. Hiki iā lākou i ka 11-16 cm ke lōʻihi a kaupaona paha ma kahi o 80 g, no laila ke ʻimi pinepine nei lākou. Manaʻo ia ʻo ka mea makemake nui ʻia no ka desman he kai liʻiliʻi, a me nā lunakahiko hoʻi o nā kahawai, aia kahi mauʻu haʻahaʻa e pili kokoke ana i ka nahele a i ʻole me nā ʻano lāʻau maikaʻi loa.
Kānaka: Russian muskrat (25 mau kiʻi)
Pehea ka noho ʻana o nā muskrats i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe.
Nui nā ʻike i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau mea. ʻOiai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka desman he mau momi kūmela i ka ea, pana lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO kēia mau holoholona he holoholona semi-akuatic a ʻaʻole i pau i kā lākou makemake no ka eli ʻana i nā lua. ʻIke lākou i kahi kūpono e kokoke ana i kahakai, kahi a lākou e hana ai i ka lua, ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi mai ka 1 a 10 m. Kūkā pinepine ʻia nā pōkā. I ka mānoanoa o ka lepo, kā lākou hana i nā lumi he nui me nā ea a me nā nests, kahi e kū mau ai ma kahi mamao a 30 cm mai kēlā me kēia.
Pūʻā nā ʻohana o kēia mau mea i nā ʻuʻina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka lōʻihi o lākou ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 1. M He lumi lākou i piha i ka lewa a me ka ʻōpala. Pono kēia mau ʻāpana no ka desman ʻaʻole no ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ke kauwela, akā, no ke ola hoʻi ma lalo o ka hau i ka hoʻoilo. I nā lua hāmeʻa hou aʻe, hoʻopiʻi nā holoholona i nā lewa ʻē aʻe i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia ma ka honua. ʻOiai ʻokoʻa loa ka nui o nā holoholona, ʻo ia holoholona e like me ka desman he mea olaʻeha maoli, no ka mea, he metabolism wikiwiki. ʻO kāna kīʻai e komo ai:
- leʻaleʻa
- nā ʻōpala
- nā mollusks
- iʻa liʻiliʻi
- ʻolipola
- baki
- palua
- rhizomes o nā mea kanu.
E hoʻowalewale ka ʻōpū musky i ka mea pio, no laila ʻaʻole ʻupena ka muskrat Lūkini me ka ʻai ʻole. I ke kauwela, hoʻāʻo kēia mau mea e hoʻomaha. Hoʻonui kēia i nā manawa kūpono e loaʻa pono ai ka nui o ka ʻai. Ke maloʻo ka nui o ka wai, lilo i pilikia o ke kanaka desman. Ma ka ʻāina, kahakaha nā mea like ʻole a lilo i mea pio o nā ʻīlio hihiu, otters, na alopeke a me nā mea āpau ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ka hiki ka metabolism wikiwiki, ʻaʻole hiki i nā holoholona ke moe a ka wā i ke anuanu. I ka pinepine pinepine i nalo mau ʻia. ʻOi aku ma mua o 10 mau kānaka hoʻoilo ma ka lua.
Pehea ka wā kahiki o ko Russian wahi?
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā waipuna wai, e hoʻomaka ana nā pāʻani hoʻokūkū. I mea e loaʻa ai i ka hoahele, e holo nā holoholona i kahakai a hoʻomaka e hana i nā kani kani, e like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana. Hoʻolālā pinepine nā kāne i ka raua e ʻohi e hakakā i ka mea e loaʻa ai ka wahine. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i kēia mau holoholona i kahi o 2 mau mahina. No laila, i ka hopena o Mei a me Iune, mai 1 a 5 mau pēpē i hānau ʻia ma ka lumi ulu. Ke kaupaona nei ka pēpē pēpē 3-5 wale nō he lehelena a he makapō ia, no laila e pono mau ʻo ia mai ka nānā aku mai kona makuahine. I kahi mau wahi, mālama holoholona kēia mau holoholona i 2 mau manawa i ka makahiki. Hōʻike ka lua o ka lua i ka uluʻana i Nowemapa-Kekemapa.Noho ka wahine me nā ʻōpio ma loko o ka hale kupua no nā 2 mau pule mua. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke waiho iā lākou no ka manawa pōkole. ʻO nā mahina 1,5 mau mua o ke ola, ʻai wale nā bipi keiki i ka waiū momona, nona nā mea āpau e pono ai no ka ulu a me ka hoʻolālā. Aia ke kāne a kokoke i ka pale ʻana i nā pua. I ka 1,5 mau makahiki o kēia makahiki, hoʻomaka nā ʻōpiopio e haʻalele i ka lua no kekahi manawa aʻoi aku i ka ʻai.
Desmana moschata (Linnaeus, 1758)
He ʻauhau ma nā wiki | Nā kiʻi ma Wikimedia Commons |
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ʻO ke kanaka moe he holoholona kaulana ia, akā aia no ka inoa sonorous. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā mea liʻiliʻi ke haʻaheo i ʻike iā ia i loko o ke ʻano. E alakaʻi ana ka holoholona i kahi ʻano pilikino pilikino, e noho ana ma kahi lua, ke komo a ka mea e hūnā ma lalo o ka wai, a i loko o ka wai.
E noʻonoʻo wale i kahi mea i uhi ʻia me ka hulu silvery kūloko, me ka ihu proboscis-like me ka ihu, nā ʻeleʻele scalyed ʻehā ma nā ʻaoʻao a me nā wāwae i hoʻopili ʻia. I ka manawa like, he inoa kēia o nā holoholona kahiko i ola i ko mākou manawa i kahi ʻano like ʻole. Lūkini desman (Desmana moschata), a i kapa ʻia ʻo Khokhula kekahi makana o ke ʻano, he ʻano no kekahi o nā ʻano o nā momi mua, nā mākaʻi i ʻike ʻia mai ka Oligocene (ma kahi o 30 miliona mau makahiki i hala).
I kēia manawa, ʻelua mau ʻano muskrats no nā genera ʻelua. ʻO kekahi o lākou nā Pyrenees muskrat (Galemys pyrenaicus) e noho nei ma ke kuahiwi o ke kikowaena o Portugal, a pēlā pū me nā mauna Pyrenees, e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā Farani a me Sepania. Kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe (Desmana moschata) he ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka mua USSR, ʻaʻohe i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia wahi o ka honua, a no laila aia nā kuleana āpau e kapa ʻia he desman Rūsia.
ʻIke like ʻole ka holoholona. ʻO ke kino kūmole, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 20 cm, e hele ana i kahi ʻano conical o ke poʻo, a hiki i ke stigma elongated i loko o ka proboscis. Ma ka ʻaoʻao luna he ʻelua mau wahi ākea ikaika e kū pono ai i nā ʻao a i lalo ʻole, a me nā mea make a nā mea desman. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hind ma mua o ke alo a paʻa i nā membranes.
Pale ka huelo (hope ʻia i lalo) a me ka palaki, he siliki ka lauoho, ʻulaʻula ʻia ka kua ma ke kua, he keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka ʻōpū. No ka pono o kēia hope loa, ka ulu maloʻo loa, ke aloha wela, ua ʻimi ʻia ka muskrat a hoʻi i ka wā lōʻihi.
I ke kiʻi ma luna: ua haʻalele nui ka desman i ka lua.
ʻO ka muskrat kahi holoholona uluhau momona nona kona kino i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kahi beaver, ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau manawa iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona nui.Akā e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua mahalo ʻia kona hulu i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 17, a hiki i kēlā manawa ua ʻimi ʻia ka holoholona wale nō no ke kahe o kahi musky.
Aia i hea ka desman?
ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua o nā muskrats i noho ma kahi nui o ʻEulopa. Ma ka ʻO Pleistocene a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Holocene i waenakonu o ʻEulopa, ua kūpono ʻole nā kūlana hydrological i kēia holoholona: kahi ʻano hoʻoilo paʻa ʻole me nā loli pinepine i ka wā hoʻāhu a me ka hoʻomehana, i hele pū ʻia e nā waikahe hoʻoilo. ʻO kēia ka mea, i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka muskrat. Ma hope aku, ʻo nā kumu anthropogenic, a, ʻoi aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lawaiʻa, hoʻomaka i kahi hana nui i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka pae.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mana o Lūkini i nā lā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o Volga, Don a me Ural. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia iwakālua. e nalowale ka holoholona mai ka palu Dnieper, ma hope mai - mai nā helu he nui o ka papahana Volga, ma ka hapalua o hoʻokahi kenekulia i hala - mai ke keʻena Seversky Donets.
Ma waena o kona kikowaena, noho ka desman ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā wai liʻiliʻi, nā pāahine kahiko, nā loko, a me nā waʻa. ʻO nā mea kūpono loa no ia he mau wai wai me nā kahakai wai i pihi ʻia a me nā mea kanu maikaʻi-kūpono i loko o ka wai. I loko o nā hale kō i waiho ʻia nā mea kanu like ʻole, noho maluhia ka holoholona a hiki i ke kahe wai mua. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia manawa paʻakikī, ʻaʻole hiki i nā Ukrainia i ke kahakai i pohā ʻole ke pale aku, a ua wāwahi ʻia ia e kēia wā. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ma nā kahakai i pihi ʻia, ola nō ka desman i nā wahi like ʻole.
Ua haʻalele nā holoholona mai nā puʻu ʻo lākou i nā wahi paʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā lāʻau i nā kumulāʻau, nā pali, nā pūlū pope. ʻO ka hiki ʻole ke noho i kahi i loko o nā loko ʻauʻau ʻole e hoʻoikaika i ka holoholona e holo holoholo ʻana. Lawe ʻia pinepine ia i lalo, kahi e hāʻule ai i loko o nā hale o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, ʻeha ka hōʻino. Hoʻopau pinepine kēia kūlana i ka make o ka wander. ʻO ka kauwela o ka kauwela, kahi i hāʻule ai ka nui o ka wai o ke kino i ke kino o ka wai, e hiki ai ke hoʻopiʻi, kahi a laila e hele nui i ka ʻāina.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nohona Desman Russian
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka lua ka nui o nā lumi huluhulu 2-3 a ʻo ka helu like o nā keʻena e mālama ai e maloʻo ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka wai. Hala koke aku ka holoholona me ka ikaika ʻole o ka huluhulu. Mai ke komo ʻana i ka lua, pohō kahi kai hohonu ma lalo o ka punawai, nā hopena mai ka neʻe o nā holoholona a hoʻi i mua. I ka lāʻau maloʻo, ua loaʻa kēia kuʻi (maʻa he mau lālā 2-3 mau). Hoʻopili ka desman i ia a hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau manawa a pau pau ʻole ke kaiāulu.
Hiki iā Khokhul ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i 5 mau minuke, ma hope o kahi e hanu ai. Hiki iā ia ke hana iā ia ma ka noho ʻana ma lalo o ka wai a hoʻolaha i ka proboscis wale nō i ka ihu. Ka hūnā ʻia ʻo ia nā mea kanu iʻa a me nā mea ʻalaʻuku, ʻike ʻole ka holoholona i nā ʻenemi, he nui wale ia - nā ʻanuʻu ʻeto, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻeke a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi.
Nā hana Khokhuli
Pono desman i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka pona o ka lewa e puka mai ana mai ka hulu o kahi holoholona ʻauʻau a hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka hoʻoilo ma ke ala o kāna neʻe e ʻike ʻia i nā ala e hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka hau - he hōʻailona kumu o ka nui o kahi kōneke e nā Desman.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi ʻia ka hana o Khokhuli i ka kukui a me ka manawa o ka lā. Hiki i ka holoholona ke hana i nā ʻāpana hāhina o ke ao a i ka make o ka pō. Ke mālama ʻia i ka pio ʻana, paʻa ia i ka manawa hānai. Me kahi hoʻololi i ka hola o ka hānai, ke kūkulu hou nei ka noho aupuni o ka lā i ka holoholona. Pēlā ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe: inā hoʻopili kekahi mea me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai i ke ao, no ka laʻana, e ʻohi ai i nā pipi ma nā lā wela, a pili nā bipi i ke kahakai i nā manawa a pau, ʻo nā holoholona e noho nei ma kēia wahi ke hoʻololi i kā lākou hana i ke ao a i ka hana pō.
ʻO ka manawa maʻamau o nā hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia hana maʻamau o ka desman i ka manawa hoʻoilo ma mua o ka 6-7 mau hola, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wai e hoʻonui ai kēia hōʻailona ma ka 9-10 hola.ʻO ka noho ʻana i ka nano, Ukrainians no ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou lauoho. Inā hoʻololi ʻia ka uhi o ka hale paʻa mai kahi mai, mālama ka holoholona "caulk" i ka haki hopena.
Hoʻolā ka holoholona i ka hapa nui o nā lā hoʻoilo i loko o ka pūnana ma kahi kūlana o ka hiamoe hiamoe. Inā i ke kauwela ua lawa e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka uhi o ka hale, a lele koke ka desman mai loko mai o ia, a i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomau ʻo ia e hiamoe, hoʻomoe ʻia i loko o kahi hiwa, a ala ʻala wale nō ma hope o ka "paipai" ikaika. ʻAʻole i hāʻule ʻo Khokhul i loko o ka pua piha, akā he mea kūʻokoʻa ia no ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo.
He aha kēia mea no ke awakea?
ʻO ka papa ʻai o ka desman ka mea i kūkulu ʻia i nā invertebrates aquatic liʻiliʻi (mollusks, pepona, ko lākou ʻōpio, nā leeches). Hoʻopili pinepine i ka holoholona, a me ka baki. Hoʻopili i nā meaʻai holoholona, ʻo Khokhuli mai ka manawa manawa e hoʻopiha i kā lākou meaʻai a me ka lau iʻa - ua ʻai lākou i ka māka o ka ʻohe, ka ʻuala, ka hua o nā pulupulu hua wai a me nā lī wai wai, etc.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo koke ʻia ka pono o nā ʻuʻuku i lalo - ʻo nā ala mau o ka neʻe o ka desman mai ka puʻu a i nā wahi hānai. Ma muli o ka neʻe pinepine, a hoʻōla maoli ka wai i loko o lākou, ka mea e huki i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi e lawelawe ana i ka ʻai no ka holoholona. ʻO kēia kahi ʻano o ka mahele mau a paʻakikī. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana ma kāna wahi e hānai ai, kau ʻo ka desman i ka pūlima, e kāohi ana i ke kino i kahi kūlana lihi iki, proboscis e hōʻike ana i nā mea ʻai me kāna proboscis a me vibrissae. Ua huki ʻo ka holoholona iā lākou a waiho iā lākou i kāna "hānai ʻai", a i ʻole nā wahi nūhou i ke kahakai, kahi e ʻai ai. Ke loaʻa nei i kahi iʻa nui (iʻa, palaka), ke holo wikiwiki nei ʻo Khokhula i kekahi manawa, e nalowale ana ia manawa, e hoʻomaka ana kahi huli ʻālaʻi, huli hou ka holo, ka wikiwiki mai ka ʻaoʻao a ʻaoʻao ʻole i ka hopu, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka hopena. ʻIkeia, i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki ke mālama i ia mau mea i lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke kau ʻana i loko o ka loko o ka loko o ka hoʻoilo a i ka wā ua make ka wai wai.
Hoʻohana pili ʻohana
Hiki i ka kahe a me ka pua i ka desman i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, akā ikaika nā holoholona i ka wā o ke kaiāulu. Aia i kēia manawa ke hele pinepine nā pāʻani hoʻoili. Ma ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia kekahi manawa hakakā ma waena o nā kāne, akā i ka hapanui o nā mea āpau e kaupalena ʻia nā mea pōkole e kū ana i ka hālāwai me ka hoa paio.
Noho ʻo kēlā me kēia pālule i kā lākou iho, kahi e kau ai ka hua. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, hoʻomaka koke ka wahine i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnana a emi ʻole e puka mai kahi mai loko mai. Noho ʻo Pregnancy i nā lā 40-45. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hua, e mālama nui ka makuahine iā ia, e kīloi ana i nā cubs, hānai i ka waiū me ka ʻole o ka nalo, me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i ka lāʻau. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻolālā ʻo ia iā ia iho kahi pūnana hou, kahi āna e hoʻomaha ai ma waena o nā mea hānai. E hopohopo no kekahi mea, lawe ka wahine i nā ʻehā i kekahi lua (a i ʻole ma ke keʻena o ka lua o kēlā lua). Lawe ka makua i ka mālama o ka hua. Akā, ʻaʻole like me kona makuahine, haʻalele koke ʻo ia i ka nalo inā hihia.
Hiki i nā holoholona he ʻehiku ke helu ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana extramarital: kahi makua makua a me nā hua hope. Me ka nui o ka lehulehu ka lehulehu, akā me ka liʻiliʻi o nā hiki ke kūkulu i nā lua, hiki i nā ʻohana nui ke kū aʻe ma muli o ka hoʻohui o nā kānaka ʻole. A laila ua hāʻule nā holoholona he 12-13 i hoʻokahi puka. Me kēia, aia ʻo Khokhulis, e alakaʻi nei i kahi noho kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaka nā bro spring i ka hāʻule i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa, a lūlū ʻia nā mākua. Hoʻopau ka ʻohana.
ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine o nā ʻohana like ʻole i ka hālāwai ke komo i nā hakakā, a i kekahi manawa i ka make ʻana o kekahi mea kaua. E like me ke kānāwai, ua hoʻouka nā muskrats pakeke i nā ʻōpio pili ʻole.
Ke hui nei ʻo Khokhuli i kahi kanaka ʻē aʻe o kāna ʻano, e kū ana ʻo ia ma luna o kona mau wāwae hind a ua hoʻomaka ka mōʻī o nā "hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā pilina". Hoʻopili nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i kā lākou proboscis i kekahi i kekahi, a i ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka vibrissae, e pālahalaha i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. Hiki i kēia no nā manawa lōʻihi.I ka hopena, holo ʻo nā holoholona i kekahi manawa a hui hou pū kekahi. Hoʻopau ʻia ia i ka manaʻo a komo i loko o kahi hakakā a i ʻole maluhia paha i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻohana nā Ukrainia i ke ala o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka ʻenemi, ke nānā ʻana i ke kuʻi a kuhikuhi i kona mau niho. Pīhū ʻia ka desman i loko o kahi pūhaka a i ʻole ka wai, i kekahi manawa ke hoʻolaha wale i ka neʻe o ka ihu e hoʻomau ai i ke kai.
ʻO ka hoʻolohe ʻana, ʻike, ʻona a me nā leo o ka desman
ʻO ka lōʻihi mamao loa o ka desman i ka ʻāina a ʻo kekahi ʻaoʻao i ka wai e lawe ʻia ma o ka hoʻolohe ʻana. Ua hana ikaika ka holoholona i ka kani o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai. I ka kokoke mamao, lawe ʻia ka hoʻokalakupua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lauoho tactile - vibrissae e loaʻa ana i ka stigma.
Kūkulu maikaʻi ka ʻano o ka mea ʻono. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻi ʻana i ka lua a i ʻole ka hopu ʻana i ka pouli piha ʻole, ʻaʻole i hele hewa ka muskrat, e pili ana i kāna mau ʻano ʻano leʻaleʻa. ʻIʻike i ka ʻono o nā ʻāpana o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka holoholona, ʻike ʻia ka holoholona i kekahi hoa i ka wā mālama.
Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa ka ʻike ʻana o ka muskrat no ka mea hiki ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia i loko o ka pōʻeleʻele kahi hopena like ʻole. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke kaʻe ua hōʻike ʻia, i loko o nā holoholona i ka wai, i pani pinepine ʻia nā maka.
Hiki ke lohe ʻia ka leo o ka mea pono i ka mea kūlohelohe wale nō i ka manawa o ka puna, i ka wā e holo ai nā holoholona ma ke kaʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe i ke kani leo mai o ka wahine. ʻO kekahi manawa ke lohe ʻia nā ʻano mea mai kahi holoholona hilahila ʻole. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokūkū me kahi kanaka ʻē aʻe o kona mau ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi, me kahi muskrat, he leo manacing kau manu e lohe ʻia.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka inaina
ʻO ka moʻolelo kūikawā ka pilina pili aloha ma waena o nā muskrats a me nā holoholona e like me nā beavers (ʻoi aʻe ma nā beavers ma ka ʻōlelo). ʻO nā ʻili ʻo Beaver i pili pinepine i nā pili o ka desman. Ma ka waena o ka pepehi ʻana, nā iʻa nui, e ʻimi ana i ka oxygen, ʻākoakoa ma nā waha o ka beaver hole a me nā kō beaver i loko o ka hau. Hāʻawi kēia i nā meaʻai no Khokhuli. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā lua i mālama ʻia i loko o ka hau e ka beavers i mea e hoʻoikaika pono ai ka noho ʻana o ka desman, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike o ka oxygen scarce.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka Ukrainia i ka nui rodk musenrat wai. I kona ʻāina i North America, ua hele maikaʻi ʻo ia me nā beavers. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā pilina like ma waena o nā muskrats a me kā mākou beavers. Akā no kahi muskrat, ʻo ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka biocenosis o kahi muskrat ikaika a me ke kūleʻa, ua huli aku ʻo ia kahi mea maikaʻi ʻole. I kēia lā, ua hōʻiliʻili ka nui o nā ʻike no ka neʻe ʻana mai o Khokhuli me kahi muskrat. Ua hiki i ka makemake o nā mea hope e hoʻopuni i nā lua muskrat i kahi i makemake ʻia i kēia manawa e noho nō i nā lua muskrat i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, ka hoʻololi iki iā lākou iho. ʻO ka muskrat o nā pākeke ke kokoke loa 2 mau manawa iʻoi aku ma mua o ka muskrat i ka nui. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i ka holoholona, hoʻonui i kona waiwai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi ka nui o nā muskrats i nā nui waiwai i loaʻa no ka ʻole o ke hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana desman
Nui nā kikoʻī he nui nā hana desman no ka neʻe ʻana i kahi noho pilikino. Aia nā hihia i loaʻa i ka holoholona i hopu ʻia, e hāpai ʻia e ka huelo a lawe ʻia i ka iʻa, e kau ana i lalo ma ka lima o ke kanaka, ʻoiai kahi kūlana a me ka weliweli, hele koke ʻo ia me ka makemake e ʻai iā ia! Ma kahi ʻē aʻe, i kekahi hihia, he kanaka kāne ʻōpiopio i noho, e ʻoluʻolu nei i ke kūʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa o ka neʻe ʻana, i loko o kahi hale noho no ke ʻoi aku ʻehiku mau malama, ʻaʻole ʻo ia me ka hōʻole ʻana e lawe i ka meaʻai mai kona mau lima. Ma ke kani iki ʻana, ua holo ʻo ia mai ka ʻānai a ua hūnā i ka lōʻihi o kāna nūnū. Holo kekahi holoholona ʻē aʻe i ka hale ma ke ao, ʻaʻole makaʻu loa i ka leo, ka hele ʻana o nā kānaka, ka mele.
Ma kahi pālahalaha o ka pīhoihoi a makaʻu ʻole paha, ʻo ka wahine deser i kekahi manawa e paʻi i kāna hua.Akā aia nō kekahi mau mea i ʻike ʻia i ka wā i loaʻa ai ka wahine i kiʻi wale ʻia a hoʻopili pū me kāna mau ʻāpana i loko o kahi moku halihali e hoʻomaka koke e hānai i ka waiū.
Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he mau mea hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻokaʻina o nā mea like ʻole i nā kūlana like ʻole i kahi ʻano ʻano o kēia ʻano.
Ke mālama ʻia nei i kahi manuahi, e kūkulu koke ka desman i kahi ʻano hou a me ke ala hou o ke ola. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo ia i kekahi hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā, pau loa ke kiaʻi ʻole, hiki ke ʻai i ka meaʻai mai kona mau lima. Akā hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke kāhea iā ia i ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo. ʻO kahi mea mālama mau iā ia a hānai iā ia, ʻaʻole paʻa kahi Khokhul. Hiki i kahi hiʻohiʻona o Khokhuli ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hemahema o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka domestication i loaʻa. No ke kumu ʻike ʻole, ʻike koke ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi pā kaua ikaika, no ka hoʻēmi ʻana iā ia e lele. Ma hope o kēia, huna ka holoholona i kekahi manawa i loko o kāna pūnana no ka wā lōʻihi, me he mea lā hihiu hou. Ke lilo nei i ka lōʻihi a hiki i kona "hele i kona mau manaʻo."
Desman i loko o ka Red Red
I ka ʻike ʻana i ka holomua o ka nui o ka helu, ua ʻoki ʻia ka hopu ʻana no muskrat i ka makahiki 1957, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hala ʻana o ka lawaiʻa ke hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano o nā ʻano, i mea nui loa i ka hana kanaka.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, pili ke ola o kahi kanaka desman i nā kūlana wai e pili ana i nā wai wai. Ke ʻole o kahi rula lōlio, ʻaʻole hiki i ka nui o ke ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona i pili me ka loli o ke kaiāulu, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai. Hoʻihoʻi hou i ka USSR, i mea e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā foci e hoʻonui a hoʻonui i ke kahe ʻana o nā wahi, i nā wahi he nui i hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka desman i loaʻa no ka mea hoʻihoʻi kūlohelohe. Akā i ka nui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole i hāpai kēia mau hana i nā hopena i makemake ʻia.
I kēia mau lā, ua kūpono ʻo desman i loko o ka Red Book o ka Lūkini Kūlana me ka māhele 2: kahi ʻano ʻalelue liʻiliʻi e ʻike i ka helu. ʻO ka hana nui i kēia manawa ke mālama i nā koena o kahi ʻano kahiko, ʻano hoihoi. Inā pau nā ukana i ka hala ʻole o ka ʻūhā - e hāʻule mai ka hewa ma luna o mākou, ka mea i kū ʻole e hoʻopakele no nā hua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka Lūkini Russian
ʻOiai kahi muskrat e alakaʻi i kahi ala pilikino a mālama pono hoʻi i ke ola, nui kāna mau ʻenemi i ka hihiu! Loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, lilo kēia holoholona i ka waiwai o ka poʻe predator.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui ma ka ʻāina:
- nā ʻala,
- ʻōpala
- mau kipa
- nā ʻiʻo hihiu
- kekahi mau manu nāʻaina.
Maʻalahi ka lilo ʻana o kahi holoholona huki i ka ʻāina, no ka loa a luhi ʻole nā wāwae no ka neʻe ʻana ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ka manawa pōpilikia loa i kēia ʻike ʻo ka waipū wai. A i kēia manawa wale nō ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lau. Hōʻalo nā holoholona i ke koho ʻana o nā kāne i ko lākou kiaʻi, a haʻalele nā wai i hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou o ko lākou wahi nūhou - nā ʻuʻu. No laila, lilo ʻo desman i wahi maʻalahi no ka poʻe predator. Hoʻokomo pū nā mea ʻalalā i ka pōʻino nui, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻānai i nā pākeke, hakakā pinepine lākou i kā lākou mau pana.
I ka wai, ʻoi aku ka palupalu o Ukrainia me ka hōʻemi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, akā naʻe ma laila ʻaʻole lākou i palekana. Hiki i kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi ke lilo i ka waiwai nui i nā pike a iʻa paha. ʻO kekahi ʻenemi hewa hou o ka desman i lilo i kanaka a me kāna mau hana. No nā makahiki he manamana, hoʻopau ʻo ia i nā holoholona no ka hulu a me ka musk. Akā inā inā ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi manuahi no Ukrainia a aia ia i lalo o ka palekana, a laila e hoʻomau ka luku ʻia ʻana o kona ʻano kūlohelohe i ka nui o kēia mau holoholona kahiko.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka Desman Russian
ʻOiai ka mea no ka holoholona aina ʻo ka desman he kahe o kona ola i ka wai.
Noho ka holoholona i nā mink liʻiliʻi mai 1 a 10 mau mika ka loa, kahi e puka ana ma lalo o ka wai. Mai ka puka ʻana, piʻi ka lua i kahi pūnana liʻiliʻi, aia i luna o ka wai. ʻO ka pinepine, aia nā manamana he mau lālā a me nā nests, kahi i loaʻa ma nā hohonu hohonu a ma kahi mamao o 30 mau mika mai kekahi.No ka loaʻa ʻana mai ka pahu mink i kekahi, hoʻopaʻa ka hanu i ka hanu a ʻauʻau hoʻi i lalo o ke kai, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ea ma loko o ke ʻano o nā ʻōlū liʻiliʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻonākiu kēia mau luhiluhi i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka hau.
Ke hānai nei nā Muskrats i nā hua līlū, nā leeches, mollusks, i ka wā hoʻoilo pōkole hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā baki, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka rhizomes. ʻAʻole hāʻule nā holoholona i ka hibernation, ka hulu huluhulu mahana e pale aku iā lākou mai ke anuanu, ʻo ka desman ke hele pū me nā ʻeleʻele i kūkulu ʻia e nā pūlima ea ma loko o ka hau, a ʻai pū i ka ulana a me ka kō, kahi i pīhoihoi ʻia e ka ʻōpū musky a me nā mea hou aku.
I ka hoʻoilo, kahi he 10 mau muskrats e noho ai i hoʻokahi lua, a ke kauwela ke noho maʻamau lākou wale nō.
ʻAno lawehala
E makemake ana ka holoholona i nā kahuhulu ma waena me nā wai e kū ana me ka hohonu a ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 5 mika. Ua makemake ʻia e pīkīwā nā kahakai ma ka manawa like, ma ke kahawai he ulia pōpilikia ia. ʻAʻole kēia e ʻōlelo aku i ka hiki ʻana o kēia mau mommoli i ke kaumaha. Ua hoʻohui ʻia lākou i loko o nā hui liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona 3-5 me ka ʻole aloha. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi pūnaehana ponoʻī, akā ua ʻike ʻilihune ʻole ʻia.
Noho ke k ,kulu, e like me ke kānāwai, i hoʻokahi lua me ka hiki i ka wai. Akā he nui ʻē aʻe o kēlā me kēia lālā o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i kāna mau pono ponoʻī. Nā holoholona mai kekahi lua i kekahi hāʻule, e neʻe ana ma lalo o ka wai. Akā ʻaʻole lākou palu i ka kolamu wai. Ma ka lalo lalo o nā pālolo, hana ʻia nā ʻāpana kūikawā, a e mālama ʻia kahi neʻe. ʻO nā kapaka hohonu - ma luna o ka mānoanoa piha o ka silt.
Ma lalo o ka wai, aia paha i ka desman Rūki he 3-5 mau minuke. No laila, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā poka i hana pinepine ʻole ma mua o 20-25 mau mika. Ma ke ala holo o ka neʻe, e ʻai ka holoholona i nā mollusks like ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou iā lākou i loko o ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻohālikelike lākou iā lākou i ka honi o musk, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka huelo i nā poli liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia, e ʻai iki ka mammal i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, me ka ʻole o ka ʻimi e loaʻa. Hoʻoikaika loa kēia holoholona. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā me ke kaupaona ʻana. No laila, lōʻihi ka hele ʻana i ka hele ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki.
I kēia hihia, kū kū mālohi ke ea mai loko o ka māmā. I ka hoʻoilo o ka wā hoʻoilo, ke hoʻohālikelike nei ka papa o ke kō. Ma nā wahi āpau i ke kahe ʻana o ka wai, pohō ka hau, a huli nā holoholona i ka makana. Hoʻopakele kēia iā lākou mai kekahi make ʻana, no ka mea me ka mālama ʻole ʻia o ka mau momi hiki i kēia mau momi ke hana hou aku ma mua o 5-7 minuke.
ʻO ka helu o ka Desman Rusia
I ka wā kahiko, ua koi ʻia ka hulu manu holoholona i nā noi nui o ka ʻoihana. No laila ua luku ʻia ʻo ia a hiki i ka helu ʻole. A laila hoʻololi ka poʻe i ko lākou manaʻo a pale aku i ka holoholona ʻilihune me nā kānāwai. Ma ka waena o 70 mau makahiki o ke kenekulia hope, ua loaʻa ka heluna o kēia heluna ma kahi o 70 tausani kanaka. Ua noho ʻo ia ma ka papa like a hiki i nā 90s, a laila hoʻomaka hou ka hāʻule.
ʻO nā manawa hope loa i manaʻo ʻia ma ka 2004. He 35 tausani o lākou. I kēia lā, ʻaʻole maopopo ka helu helu o ka wahi e kū ai ma Rūkia. Akā e like me kekahi hōʻike, ua hoʻonui iki ka nui. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi ma ke kūlohelohe, ke noho nei kēia ʻano holoholona, akā he aha ka mea e kū mai ma hope a uhi ʻia i ka pouli.
ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kēia ʻano i ka 12-17 cm. Hiki ke kāʻei i ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻO nā paona mai 50 a 80 mau grama. ʻO 3-4 mau makahiki ka nui o ke ola o ka holoholona. ʻO ka huelo ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheo ʻia ma hope, akā he ʻano hāwili. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka maka o ka lole ma mua o ka mea i ka Lūkini Lūkini. Pōʻele ka wāwae o lākou - aneane ʻeleʻele lākou.
Hoʻohana ʻo ka Pyrenean desman i nā mollusks a me nā pūmaʻina like ʻole. Hoʻopili ʻia ka mea ʻai i ka wai wale nō, akā i ka ʻāina. Ka hāʻule ka manawa i ka pō. Mālama ka wahine i ka 2-5 cubs. ʻO ka manawa hana he 2-3 mau manawa i ka makahiki. Noho ka holoholona i ʻelua. Loaʻa ka nui o nā ʻano he 15 tausani kanaka. Kālā paʻa.
Ma waena o nā holoholona līeʻe a kupaianaha i loaʻa iā desman. Ua ola ka holoholona ma ka honua honua ma mua o 30 miliona mau makahiki.Ke kau inoa nei ʻo Rūkman desman i ka Red Book o Rūsia, no ka mea aia ma ka palena ua pau nā lā. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia holoholona, pehea, ke ʻano, kahi e noho ai ka desman, e aʻo mai kākou mai ka ʻatikala.
Pili i kahi ʻohana kahiko
ʻAe, ʻo ka mea makemake ʻole i ka hoʻololi, ʻo ia ka Desman Lūkini. Ke ola nei kēia mea ma ka honua me ka ʻole o ka loli no ka 30 miliona mau makahiki, ʻoiai aia i ʻike ʻia ma ka hopena o ka makahiki XVIII. No ka lōʻihi loa e pale i ka hālāwai me ka mea ʻike weliweli loa ma ka honua - ke kanaka, hiki iā ia ke hana maoli i kahi mea huna maoli.
Kahi manawa, hoʻopuni ʻia ka Ukrainia i nā muliwai a me nā loko a puni ʻEulopa a noho like ma ka manawa like me nā mammoths a me nā ʻelele kahiko loa o ka puʻukū poʻokela kihi keu, kahi i ola ai i ko mākou mau lā - me ka hatteria maka heʻe.
Hoʻopili ke proboscis iā ia i kahi kokoke i ka mea hewa, akā eia kahi e pau ai ka huakaʻi. Ua hoʻoholo ka Lūkini Lūkini i ke ala o ke ola i nā miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a pili iā ia i kēia lā.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o Khokhuli
Ua hoʻomaka koke ka luku ʻia ʻana o kēia mau holoholona nani i ka wā hope o ko lākou ʻike a me ka wehewehe ʻana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ko lākou hulu ma mua o ka fox a me ka beaver, ma muli o kāna ʻano wai. ʻAʻole i emi iki ka poʻe a me ka musk i hana ʻia e ka desman. No ka mea ola nō ke ola ʻana o nā dinosaurs a me nā moʻomeheu terrestrial, ma ka hope o ka pau ʻole ma muli o ka momona kino o ke kanaka.
I ka kenekulia 20 i ka waenakonu o Rūsia e huki ana i ka desman ua pāpā ʻia i ʻelua, kahi mea i kōkua i ka hoʻonui i kona heluna, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i kōkua. No laila, i kēia lā, aia ma lalo o ka mālama pono o ke kānāwai, aia kahi kanaka Lūkini (Red Book a hōʻoia o kēia), akā ʻaʻole ka poʻe e luku pilikino iā ia, akā naʻe kā lākou hana koʻikoʻi.
Ehia mau muskrats i koe
I kēia manawa, i loko o nā mea maʻamau o kēia holoholona hihiu, ʻaʻohe meaʻoi aku o 30,000 mau mea e waiho nei, a hoʻoemi ʻia kēia helu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻohui hou i ka ʻenemi nui - ke kanaka, loaʻa nō hoʻi iā ia nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe - nā manu o ka make, nā alopeke, otters, etc.
Ua make pinepine ka desman no nā kai a make ka hohonu o kā lākou mauʻu. Nui nā ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻenemi no kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi. Inā hele mau kēia, a laila ma 40-60 mau makahiki hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu e pili ana iā lākou ma ka puke a ʻike paha iā lākou ma ka TV. Ke kahe mau ʻana o kēia mau holoholona ʻano nani ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā muliwai e like me ka Don, Urals, Dnieper a me Volga.
Lā Hoʻihoʻi Mea
Hoʻopū i ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe wai o nā nahu a me nā hōliki liʻiliʻi, hōʻemi ʻia i ka helu o nā pepeke a me nā manu i ʻai ʻia e ka desman. I mea e hoʻoponopono ai i kā lākou hewa, hoʻomaka nā mea ʻepekema e hoʻoponopono hou i nā holoholona ma nā wahi i loaʻa ʻole ʻia ai lākou, a me ka haʻalulu i ka mea, e hāʻawi mai ana nā "poʻe noho" i nā wahi hou.
Ua hoʻomaka pū kekahi mau keʻena zoological a me nā paka i hoʻopakele i ka desman, e hana ana i nā kūlana pio i hui pū me nā mea kūlohelohe. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hana, hana kēia, akā me ka mālama mau ʻana i nā holoholona. E lilo aku ia i mau wā kaha no ka lehulehu muskrat i lilo i nui loa a hiki ke kāpae ʻia i ka Red Book.
No waho mai o ka nīnau e mālama iā lākou i nā pilikino pilikino, ʻoiai ua aneane hiki ʻole e hana i ko lākou wahi noho i ka home. I kēia manawa, hiki ke loaʻa wale ʻia ka muskrat no ka hoʻohou hou ʻana, a inā paha he mau ʻae ʻia, inā he hewa ʻole e kūʻē nā pilikia a me nā poʻe loio.
Inā like ka wai i ka wai e like me nā kahakai hou, a laila he manaolana kēia e hoʻomau kēia mau holoholona nosed ʻono i hōʻike i ko lākou lāhui kahiko ma ka Honua. I kēia hihia, e loaʻa iā ka luna no ka Lūkini ka moʻolelo hou, kahi wehewehe pōkole o kā mākou i lawe mai ai i kāu nānā.
Nānā: Lūkini Russian
Nā ʻāpana: ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 18-22 cm a me ka huelo e pili ana i ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona kino: a i ka 500 g
ʻO ke ola ola: ʻO 4 mau makahiki i ke kūlohelohe, a hiki i 5 mau makahiki i ka noho pio
ʻO ka desman kekahi o nā holoholona koʻikoʻi a me nā mea pohihihi loa o nā holoholona, aia ma ka palena o kahi maumo.
ʻO nā kiʻi o kēia mau holoholona i ke ʻano, ʻo ia paha ka mea hope loa, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i ka mālama no ka nānā i kahi kūnā.
Ke loaʻa nei ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kiʻi kūpono o kahi desman, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, e ulu nui ana ka paʻakikī.
ʻO kēia holoholona kupaianaha a kupaianaha loa e make koke ana. Inā he ʻike nui kā mākou poʻe mamo iā ia ma ke ʻano.
Ke nānā nei i ke kiʻi, ʻoiai he mea maikaʻi loa a hoʻoliʻi mau loa ʻole mai ka maka o kēia holoholona
Nā pilikia i kēlā me kēia manawa
ʻO ke ola o kahi desman e pili ana iā 5 mau makahiki, kahi i ʻike ʻia ʻole ia e ka pōkole o nā kumu o waho. A ʻo kēia paha ka ʻike hiki ʻole ʻana e piʻi aʻe ka wai, e ninini ana i nā lua i make ai nā ʻohana āpau. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻopakele e hoʻopakele ma luna o nā pū, a ʻohi koke i nā nū pōkole i nā wahi palekana. ʻO ka desman, he mea ʻole o nā pā hale kūlohelohe, e ʻike ʻia i nā manu a me nā ʻīlio manu, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio, nā mauʻu hina a me nā minks. Aia i ka pūnāwai e neʻe ai ka desman i nā wahi noho kokolo e pili ana i ka loli, e hoʻololi ana i kahi mau wahi i ʻimi ai iā ia i kahi kokoke (maximum 5-6 km mai kona home kahiko).
I loko o ka wai, ua pōʻino ka desman Rūkia mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka pikeperch, pike, catfish a me nā kahe nui o ka muliwai. I ka manawa maloʻo maloʻo, hiki paha i ka holoholona ke kū ʻole i kahi lō lōʻihi e hele nei i kahi wahi makemake ʻia a make ma ke ala. ʻOiai wale nō i loko o kahi lua o ka pōʻino e loaʻa ai ka pōloli i nā ʻūhā o nā holoholona hihiu, e hōʻino wale ʻia i nā ʻōpū e kau ana ma luna. 
Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ka muskrat i kāna mau kikowaena me nā beavers, i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ana i ko lākou ʻuʻuku a me ka lua. I ka pili ʻana o kēia mau holoholona, he ʻokoʻa ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka wā i piʻi ai ka desman i ka beaver i ka kua, ua hoʻohuli iki ʻia kahi hope.
ʻO ka helu o nā kanaka Russian desman
I nā kenekulia 19, ua hoʻopau nā muskrats i ko lākou mau ʻili a me ka wai musk, kahi i hōʻemi ʻia i ko lākou helu. I kēia manawa, ʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia ka nui o kēia mau holoholona, no ka mea, he holoholona huna ʻino ia a ua aneane hiki ʻole e hālāwai me ka ʻāina. Wahi a nā manaʻo kauaka o ka poʻe ʻepekema, kahi o ka 30 mau holoholona ka nui o ka desman.
Hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona ma muli o nā haumia a me ka huki ʻana o nā wai wai, ka hina ʻana o nā lāʻau nōlaʻi, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pā a me nā ʻōpua, hoʻomohala i nā pale a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻupena. ʻO nā kumu maoli no ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka desman hiki ke hūnā i nā wā hoʻoilo a me nā kai hoʻoilo, ke kahe ʻana o ka wai i ka ʻuʻulu a me ka desman ʻaʻole e holo i ka wai mai lalo o ka hau.
Ma ka ʻāina, ʻaʻohe kōkua o ka desman a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ʻīlio a me nā ʻōpio, otters, ferrets, ermines, a me nā manu o ka ʻai.
