ʻO Marten-angler, a i ʻole ilka (lat. Martes pennanti) i nā ʻohana o Kunya (Mustelidae). Ua loaʻa iā ia kona inoa no kona hiki i ka ʻaihue i nā iʻa i kūkulu ʻia i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Ia ia, ʻaʻole luhi i ka mea kuhi a hānai loa ia, me ka hāʻawi ʻole i ka makemake i nā mea ola terrestrial.
Kuhi hewa paha ka ʻano o kēia ʻano i waena o nā mea ʻauhau he nui. Ua hoʻokaʻawale kekahi poʻe iā ia iho he ʻano genus Pecania a noʻonoʻo pono ia iā Wolverines (Gulo) ma mua o Martens.
ʻO Ilka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia iwakālua ma ka hope o ka luku mau ʻana i nā wahi he nui o kona ākea.
Me ka marten ʻAmelika (Martes americana), ua lilo loa ia i mea kuhi o ka kālepa kālepa. Pono nā luna kūloko e hana i kahi ʻoihana e pale ai ma muli o nā porcupins prolific (Erethizon dorsatum), ka mea i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā aʻa lāʻau, ka mea mua loa i ka sugar maple (Acer saccharum). ʻO nā māka wale marten hiki ke hoʻemi pono i ka helu o kēia mau mea koʻikoʻi.
Kālā
Aia ka wahi i loko ma ʻAmelika Hema ma ka hema o Canada a me ʻAmelika Hema. Hoʻomāla kona palena hema mai nā kahawai o ka Sierra Nevada ma Kaleponi a hiki i nā mauna Appalachian ma West Virginia.
Ke ola nei ka hapanui lehulehu ma nā panalāʻau o Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta a me British Columbia.
Noho ka pine marten i nā wao coniferous.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka manawa, ʻike ʻia i nā ululāʻau me nā mea kanu poʻohiwi a me nā mea kanu i hoʻohuihui, kaohi ʻia i ka wā ākea.
I kēia lā, ʻike ʻia nā subspecies 3. ʻO nā subspecies nominal he mau mea ma Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pūʻāina.
ʻAno lawehala
Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Ilka i kahi nohona waiho wale ʻia, hōʻike pinepine ka hana i ka pō ma mua o ke ao. ʻAʻohe ona paʻa paʻa. No ka leʻaleʻa, hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau ākea a haʻalele i nā kekā i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka awelika waena o kahi pā hale e hiki aku i nā mita 15 mika. km mai wahine a 38 mau mika square. km mai nā kāne.
Hōʻalo ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia kanaka o kā lākou kāne a mālama pono ʻole i nā palena o nā wahi hopu e noho ana mai iā lākou. Hoʻopuka pinepine nā pūnaewele o nā mea heterogeneous i waena o lākou.
Pahu ʻa ʻo Marten mau māla kūpono a ʻauʻau maikaʻi. Inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke whakawhiti i nā muliwai liʻiliʻi a me nā loko.
I ka lā hoʻokahi, holo ʻo ilka i 20-30 km, ua hiki iā ia ke lanakila ma nā wahi mamao a hiki i 5 km ma ka wikiwiki.
ʻOiai he mau mea kūwili ka poʻe pecans a aia ma ka piko o ke kaulahao meaʻai, ʻōpio, nā ʻelemaka a me nā mea maʻi e lilo i mau pōpilikia. ʻO kā lākou ʻenemi kūlohelohe he coyotes (Canis latrans), nā alopeke maʻamau (Vulpes vulpes), nā ʻōpū wahine (Bubo virginianus), Kanaka (Lynx canadensis) a me nā lynx ulaula (Lynx rufus).
Mea ʻai
He mea nui nā Marten-anglers, akā hāʻawi i nā mea i ʻoi aku ka makemake e hānai i nā ʻōhua ākea. ʻO nā shrew shamkole (Blarina brevicauda) i manaʻo ʻia he punahele maikaʻi loa lākou. Hāpai hoʻi lākou i nā kōku ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (Lepus americanus), nā pahu lāʻau Caroline (Sciurus), nā lāʻau aloha lāʻau (Clethrionomys) a me nā voles hina (Microtus).
ʻAiʻane ikaika ʻo Martens i ka hopu. ʻAʻohe wale lākou i hopu ʻia i ka mea i ʻike ʻia me ka mea uila uila, akā e ʻohi pinepine i nā ʻōpala o nā rodents. ʻAʻole ʻino nā holoholona i ke kalapu a ua ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou e ʻai ana i nā kino make keokeo (Odocoileus virginianus) a me ka moose (Alces alces).
He leʻaleʻa lākou i ka luku ʻana i nā manu manu e ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua a me nā moa. Hoʻokā ka poʻe Palani i nā manu hiamoe i ka pō a hiki ke maʻalahi me ka hoʻokukū puaʻa nui (Meleagris gallopavo). ʻAʻole lākou e poina i ka manawa e hoʻopiʻi me nā lynxes ʻōpio a inā ʻaʻohe holoholona holoholona kokoke kokoke.
Hāpai nā poʻe lawaiʻa i ka mea ʻai me kahi ʻuʻewa i ke kua o ke poʻo.
Ke kāʻili nei i kahi porcupine, hoʻonāukiuki lākou iā ia a hiki i ka luhi nui e ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka hoʻouka ʻana, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻopuni koke ʻole ʻia i loko o ka ʻūhā a i ʻole e kiaʻi ai no ka hapalua hola. Makemake lākou e kipa i nā mahiʻai kūwaho o ke kūwaho a pepehi i nā pohol a me nā pōpoki.
ʻAno hānau
ʻOi aku ke ʻano o ke kāne wahine i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, a ʻo nā kāne i ka lua o ka makahiki o ke ola. ʻO ka wā pā, e pili ana i nā kūlana kime, holo mai ka hopena o Pepeluali a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o Mei. Hōʻailona wale ia mau hoa no kekahi mau hola a haki i hope o ka moe ʻana. Malie mau kāne me nā wahine he nui a ʻike ʻole i ka hopena o kā lākou keiki.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻolālā Embryo i kahi manawa mua o ka blastocyst a hoʻomaka hou ma hope o 10 mau mahina. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻoi loa ka wahine e pili ana i nā lā 50. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine ka wahine ma nā keiki ma waena o Pepeluali. Ma kahi līlani aia mau a hiki i 6 mau cub.
A hebedoma ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka ka wahine i ka estrus, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻokipa ʻia.
Hoʻokomo nā kamaliʻi i loko o ka pūnana, aia ma kahi o ka lāʻau. Ua hānau lākou he makapō, ʻaʻole i nā mea ʻē aʻe a uhi ʻia hoʻi i nā pulu hina hina. ʻO ko lākou paona he 30-40 g. I nā wiki 7-8, ke hāmaka nei ko lākou mau maka. I ka lua o ke kolu a me ka kolu o ka malama, loaʻa i ka hulu hina ka mea e ʻāʻule a i ʻole he kala polū.
ʻO ka hānai ʻai wai mau i 8 mau hebedoma, akā ma ka lilo ʻole o kahi waihona ʻai kūpono e hiki aku ai i kahi 3-4 mau pule. ʻO nā ʻōpio ʻehā mau makahiki hou ke hoʻomōhala maikaʻi a hoʻomaka e komo i ka ʻimi. I nā mahina 5-6, loaʻa iā lākou nā mākau pono e pono no ke ola kūʻokoʻa a me ka ʻāpana me ko lākou makuahine.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā pākeke, e pili ana i ka wahine a me nā subspecies, ma waena o 75 a 120 cm, a me ka huelo 31-41 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona 2000-5500 g. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka hulu ma ke kua a me ka'ōpū e hiki i ka lōʻihi o 3-7 cm.
ʻOkoʻa ka kala i ka ʻulaʻula polā i ka brown brown. Ke keʻokeʻo ka ʻāpana o ke ʻāʻī, a he brown brown ke ʻāʻī. ʻO ka hulu ka hulu o ka undercoat makō a me ka lauoho lauoho kaʻo.
ʻO ka lūlū he pokole akā ikaika, hoʻoponopono ʻia no ka neʻe ʻana i ka hau. He 5 mau manamana lima ma ka wāwae he mau puʻu retractable. Aia nā niho he 38 i ka waha. Hoʻomaka ka Shedding i ka hopena o ke kauwela a hoʻopau i Nowemapa a i ka lā hoʻi o Dekemaba.
E noho ana ka pine marten i ka nahele ma kahi o 8 mau makahiki. I ka pio, me ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana, ola ʻo ia i 12-14 mau makahiki.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO ka mea hōʻaiʻē Marten kahele ʻia i ka wao nahele ʻAmelika Huipū, mai ka Mokuʻo Nevada Mountains ma Kaleponi a hiki i nā mauna ʻo Appalachian ma West Virginia, e ʻae i ka pili ʻana i nā wao coniferous me ka nui o nā kumu he nui. Hoʻopau maoli ʻo Ilka i ka puna, i ke ahi, thuja a me kekahi mau lāʻau hoʻopunipuni. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine lākou i nā ʻuʻuku, i kekahi manawa e ʻoka iā lākou i ka hau. Piʻi ʻo Ilki nimbly i nā lāʻau, akā maʻamau e neʻe ma ka ʻiwi. Ke hoʻoikaika nei lākou a puni ka uati, ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa.