Pono ke ola ma loko o ke anuanu ʻo Tundra e koi i kekahi mau ola a me nā mākaukau o nā ʻano o nā ʻano āpau, kahi e liuliuli koke ai i loko o kēia mau wahi.
Ua hui pū ʻia nā holoholona āpau o nā Tundra e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o waho, no ka laʻana, kahi kala kukui i ka hoʻoilo, kahi huluhulu a i ʻole nā uhi hulu paha, nā maka liʻiliʻi a me nā pepeiao, kahi kino squat.
Noho nui nā ʻano he nui no ka hoʻoilo i ka nahele-tundra, taiga, a i ʻole nā ʻāina hema hema, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mea i waiho ʻia no ka hoʻoilo hau hoʻoilo.
E hoʻokau iki kākou i kēia mau holoholona wiwo ʻole, nā mea noho o Tundras o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Kāleau
ʻO kekahi o nā holoholona kaulana loa o ka ʻāina anu i ka Reindeer.
Kūpili ʻia ka ʻāpana Tundra, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻo Reindeer, ola wale nō i ka taiga, ua ʻoi aku lākou i ka nui ma mua o ka tundra. ʻO ke ala koʻikoʻi o ke ola e hoʻohemo ai iā lākou i ka kekaole o ka elele a me ka hana o ke ʻano o ka elit, he mea hoʻomanaʻo nui kā kā lākou gait.
Hiki keʻae like ʻole ke kala - i ke kauwela mai ke kīwī-brown i ka ashen, i ka hoʻoilo he hoʻoilo ia, i kekahi manawa keokeo keʻokeʻo.
He nui nā ʻokoʻa ʻana o nā mea pākuʻi mai nā koena o ka ʻohana.
- lōʻihi lōʻihi ka hulu.
"Ua nui nā pū, akā ʻaʻole i kaumaha." Penei ka hōʻoia o nā mea na ka reindeer i mālamalama lākou.
- ʻO nā wahine o kēia mau holoholona, nā pūliki ikaika e like me nā kāne. Aka, aia i na wahine palia, ua kapaia lakou he leo ole.
- Puʻu liʻiliʻi a me nā maka, ma muli o ke anuanu.
- ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā holoholona nui, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā ʻoi ka lā.
He ʻano ʻano nui ʻo Reindeer a hoʻohana ʻia ma ka mahiʻai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā mau kānaka like me ko lākou ʻupena liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻopiʻi.
ʻO ka honua holoholona o ka tundra
ʻO ka honua koʻikoʻi o ka tundra he nani, waiwai a hoihoi. Ma Lūkia, ua uhi ʻia kēia hāpana kūloko i ka ʻāina mai ka mokuʻo Kola a piʻi a kū aku i Chukotka. Aia i waho o ko mākou'āina, aia i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO ka ola ma kēia wao nahele hele ʻole me ka nahele, me ka ʻāina maloʻo, ʻike ʻia ka makani ikaika. Akā ʻoiai ke kū nei a puni ka honua i ʻole a ʻano like. Nā inoa inoa holoholona Tundra lilo i nā hōʻailona o ka mana, ka hopohopo, ʻike ʻike ikaika, ka nani: wolf, walrus, peregrine falcon, owl, swan.
ʻEhā hipa hipa
ʻO kekahi holoholona kaulana kaulana, ʻo ia ka hipa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke kino squat duff, pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me nā maka compact. Aia ma kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa, e ʻike ana i nā hipa i ka rhino he subspecies a iʻike nui ʻia paha he mea kaawale ʻano.
Hōʻalo nā hipa hipa i nā wahi me ka uhi hau hau.
ʻO ka mea ʻai nui e hoʻoulu ʻia i nā mea kanu a me nā meʻa, a me nā mea kahiko, ka mea maniki ka hua lāʻau o nā iniseti like ʻole. Pēlā e hoʻopiʻi nā holoholona no ka nele o ka protein i ke kino.
ʻO nā hipa Bighorn kahi ʻano kahiko o nā momi. ʻO nā mea kahiko i ʻike ʻia no kēia mau holoholona a ma kahi o 100 tausani mau makahiki.
Nā Pākuʻi
ʻŌlani wahī
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Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia holoholona i ka alopoa polar. ʻO ia kahi holoholona predatory monogamous e noho ana i ka ʻohana no ka manawa e ulu mau ai nā hua, a laila hoʻokahi wale nō. ʻO ke kapa keʻokeʻo o ka holoholona kahi huna maikaʻi loa ma nā ʻāina hau ma ka wai o ka tundra. ʻO ka ʻalopalika Arctic kahi holoholona he manu i ʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻai holoholona.
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Hoʻolaha ka holoholona ikaika no ke ola i kahi hoʻoilo maloʻo lūlū. He lole hao ʻoi a nui nā pepeiaohao nui e loli ai ka makahiki. Noho lākou i nā kahu bipi a kāhea i ka tundra. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka ʻai o ka ʻelee pinepine i ka umu reindeer, ʻo ia ka ʻai liʻiliʻi e hoʻolilo ai i ka holoholona i ka wai o ke kai e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā mālama wai. Makemake ʻo Deer i ka nāhelehele, nā hua ono a me nā kahe.
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Loha
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ʻO nā roded tundra liʻiliʻi kaulana e hānai ai i ka nui o nā holoholona predatory. Makemake nui ke aloha lāʻau i nā lau, nā hua a me nā aʻa o nā lāʻau. ʻAʻole hānau kēia holoholona i ka hoʻoilo, no laila ua hūnā ʻo ia i nā lako meaʻai i ke kauwela, a kālai lākou iā lākou i ka hoʻoilo. Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka meaʻai, pono nā rodents e hoʻonohonoho i kahi hoʻoili nui ʻana i kekahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe. He nui a koʻikoʻi nā Lemmings.
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Ka holoholona holoholona kūlike e like me ke ʻano o nā bipi a me nā hipa. Ma Lūkia, noho kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi i mālama ʻia a pale ʻia. ʻO kahi kapa lōʻihi a lōʻihi nā holoholona. ʻIke ʻia nā pōkā ʻākā i ka pō a hiki ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai me ka hohonu i ka hoʻoilo. Noho lākou i ka pipi, ʻo nā ʻeha nui o nā holoholona he ʻīlio a me ka bea polar.
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Keledea
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ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi Fluffy me nā wāwae puʻupuʻu mua, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻū. Hoʻopili ka hapa nui o nā gophers i ka meaʻai. I kēia hihia, e kōkua maikaʻi ana nā pou pipi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka gopher e kekahi mau pīpī me ke kōkua o nā holoholona e kamaʻilio ai.
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ʻO kahi subspecies o kahi wolf maʻamau, i hōʻike ʻia e ka lauoho keʻokeʻo a ʻehu paha. Noho lākou i nā pūʻulu, hiki ke huakaʻi i nā wahi lōʻihi e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Hiki i nā wuriki polar ke alualu i ka pōʻai i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 60 km i hoʻokahi hola. Hōʻeu pinepine i nā bipi musk a me nā hares.
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No ka poʻe nā mea wailua, ʻoiai ke nānā mua ia he holoholona maikaʻi loa ia. He kino lōʻihi kona mau wāwae a me nā wāwae pōkole, i ka hoʻoilo ke kiʻi i kahi ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. Hoʻokele ʻo Ermine i ka rodents a hiki ke ʻai i nā hua manu, nā iʻa, a me nā meaʻaleʻa paha. Ua helu ʻia ka holoholona ma ka Red Book, no ka mea he waiwai mau ia i ka poʻe ʻimi manu.
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ʻO ka mea nui loa i waena o kona mau hoahānau. I ka hoʻoilo, ua waiho i ka poli ke keʻokeʻo a ke keʻokeʻo a ʻānai i nā lālā a me ka ʻala o nā lāʻau; I kekahi kauwela, hiki i ka wahine ke lawe i nā 2-3 litters.
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ʻO ka ola leʻaleʻa i ka Arctic o kahi beahi polar e mālama ʻia e kona hulu, i lako ʻia me ka undercoat mākaʻikaʻi hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka wela no ka manawa lōʻihi, a pale pū i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka lā. Mahalo i kāna momona kino 11 cm, hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka nui o ka ikehu.
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Mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe
Hiki i kēia holoholona ulu lāʻau ke kapa ʻia kekahi o nā kānaka nui o ka tundra. Ma waho o ia mea, he mea paʻakikī loa ia no ka poʻe o ka'āina. No Reindeer no nā mamm artiodactyl.
Mai ke ʻano o nā holoholona, pono ke hoʻokaʻawale i kona kino elongated a me ka ʻāʻī a me nā wāwae puʻupuʻu e disproportionate i ia ʻano. ʻO kēia ʻeneki e hoʻowalewale i ka holoholona, akā ʻoi loa paha. Nui lākou a ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea mua ma ka North North. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka lua ma ka ʻila Siberia.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o lākou nā pepeiaohiwi, ka mea i loaʻa i nā kāne a me nā wahine. Ke neʻe nei kēia holoholona holoholona i ka wā o ke tundra ma muli o ke kūlana o ka wā a me ka manawa o ka makahiki.
He nui lākou o lākou i lilo i holoholona a he mea waiwai nui hoʻi ia no ka heluna kanaka. Loaʻa i ka Deer nā ʻenemi ma mua o ka ʻīlio, nā ʻōpio, nā ʻalopelo arctic a me nā bea. Noho ke ola ma kahi o 28 mau makahiki.
Polū Wolf
ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa o kēia keʻokeʻo i kona helehelena i kona mau kaikuaʻana, koe wale nō ke kala ʻulaʻula me nā kukui ʻulaʻula māmā. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka wili polar he fluffy ʻehā e hoʻohālikelike nei i nā alopeke.
Me ke kōkua o kēia kala, hoʻōho ka ʻeleʻele iā ia iho i ka hoʻoilo a hiki ke hoʻokokoke kokoke i nā mea i hōʻino ʻia. Heʻike nui loa kēia wolf i ka nui, me nā wahine i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻO ka wili polar he 42 mau niho ikaika e hoʻowalewale i ka makaʻu a hiki i ka hiʻi nui loa. Me kēia mau niho, hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻoki i nā iwi nui loa a ʻaʻohe pilikia. E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe holoholona ʻona, ua aʻo ʻia ka wī polar i ke ola i kēlā mau pilikia paʻakikī.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo e kūpono ana nā wāwae o ka wolf i kēia hihia. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana i nā wāwae ikaika, hiki i ka holoholona ke uhi i nā mamao lōʻihi e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka ʻimi ʻana i kāna mea e hopu ai.
ʻAkahi nā wolves i ka meaʻai. Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke hana me ia no 14 lā. ʻO kēia holoholona holoholona he ʻōkō mai ia no ka poʻe a pau e noho ana o ka tundra. ʻAʻole ola kona ola he lōʻihi, ʻaʻole 7 makahiki.
ʻŌleʻa polar
Kolo i nā polar (arctic fox) - ka mea i māhele ʻia i ka ʻāina Arctic. ʻO ka papaʻai e kau ai i nā momona liʻiliʻi, me ka voles a me ka lemmings, a me nā manu a me kā lākou hua. ʻO nā mea ʻalopiki Arctic kahi mea kūpono kūpono a ma kekahi manawa e hānai i nā kino make o nā holoholona. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine lākou ma hope o nā bea polar e hānai i nā lef o nā poʻe predator. ʻAi kekahi o nā ʻalā polar i kekahi mau mea kanu mea kanu, e like me nā hua waina.
E like me nā alopeke ʻē aʻe, e kūkulu ana i nā ʻalopeke ʻo Arctic. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia ma nā puʻuina a i ʻole nā kapa muliwai, a, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he nui nā komo a me nā puka. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā polikela polar ma ka Arctic a Alpine tundra.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā alopaliki Arctic no ke ola i ke kūlana anu anuanu. He huluhulu lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae, e mālama ai iā lākou i ka mahana, kahi kaila o ka huina a ka pā maloʻo o ka pehu a puni ke kino, nā pepeiao pōkole, ka nui o ka nui o ke kino, a me ka huelo nui a me ka ʻulaʻula e hoʻopuni ai iā lākou iho.
ʻŌlani wahī
ʻO kēia holoholona nani i ka home i ka tundra. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o nā ʻalopiki Arctic ke loaʻa i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, i kekahi o nā manawa a kaʻawale mai ke anuanu anuanu. Akā paʻa lākou i ka leʻaleʻa o nā expundes o ka tundra.
ʻO ka holoholona ka ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi loa i ka ʻohana canine. Pono ka ʻokiʻoki ma nā arika no ka nui o ko lākou ola ma nā wai haʻahaʻa. Akā iā lākou kahi mea maikaʻi loa e hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano ola. I nā hōʻike o waho, nā mea like like me ka fox.
Kohu nui ka huluhulu o nā holoholona a ʻaʻole makaʻu nā ʻalopeke Arctic i nā pōhā o -50 degere. I mea e hānai ai i nā holoholona, i kekahi manawa lanakila lākou i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi o mau tausani kilomita. ʻOkoʻa ka kala i ka holoholona ma ia me nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki. I ka hoʻoilo, ua keʻokeʻo ka ʻaloma Arctic, me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka pūnāwai, loaʻa pinepine ia i nā aniani hina.
I ka home, hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻonohonoho pololei i ka hohonu o ka hau. I nā holoholona, nā ʻīlio pōloli makaʻu i nā ʻīlio hihiu, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻalopeke, a me nā ʻīlio hihiu. He nui ka poʻe o lākou i luku ʻia e ke kanaka e like me ka maikaʻi o ka waiwai o ka ʻalopeke. ʻAʻole ola nā holoholona ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki.
Kahi i ke kohola
ʻO ka kohola ʻo Killer kahi mea lawaiʻa kai a ʻo ka mea nui i koho ʻia ka ʻohana dolphin, i kūpono ʻia no ka noho ʻana i ke anuanu o ke kāʻei ʻōpala. He holoholona a maikaʻi loa kēia a kūpono hoʻi. Noho ka poʻe kohola make ma nā moana o ko ka honua. Ua ʻike ʻia mai lākou mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke Kai Kūʻai a hiki i ke kūkulu hema o ka Moana Hema. Makemake lākou i ka wai anuanu. Inā ʻaʻole aneʻa ka meaʻai, e holo ana nā kohola pepehi ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe i ʻai nui. ʻO kā lākou papa ʻai ʻana: nā ʻīlima, nā liona moana, nā kohola liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpala, nā iʻa, nā ʻaka, nā ʻōpala, nā koholā, nā ʻōpū kai, nā manu moana, nā ʻamo moana, nā beavers a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Kōkua ka lāʻau High calorie e kūkulu i kahi kaila o ka momona, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke ola ʻana i ka wai anuanu ma waho o ke kapakai o ka tundra.
ʻO ka lōʻihi awelika kino o ke kāne ʻōpio he 8 mika, a ʻo nā wahine - 7 mau mika. ʻO ka paona o nā kāne, ua like me 7200 kg, a ua liʻiliʻi nā wahine.
ʻO nā holoholona make make he mau holoholona pili nui, ʻo kā lākou mau pūʻulu a hiki i ka 50 kanaka. Hāʻawi lākou i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia a waiho i kā lākou pākeke no ka lōʻihi ʻole i kekahi mau hola.
ʻAno hika
ʻO kēia ka wana polar ka nui loa i waena o kona mau hoahānau. Loaʻa kahi kūʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hares. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka pepeiao o ka arctic ma mua o nā mea'ē aʻe a pau; e kōkua ana i kona kino e mālama i ka mahana nui.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu me nā limu a me ke kāʻei, me kā lākou eli ʻana me ka hau. Ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa ka holoholona i ka meaʻai, ʻoiai inā hohonu ka manaʻo ma muli o kona ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻono. ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā holoholona, nā ʻupena, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻalopelo arctic, nā lynxes, nā ʻoniʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻohe ola ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki ʻoi ʻo ka ʻili Arctic.
Nā manu
Kālaiʻihi
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ʻO waho, ua like ia me ka moa a me ka manu nunu. I loko o ka makahiki, e loli mau ka wahine i ka plumage ʻekolu mau manawa, a ʻo ke kāne ʻehā. Hoʻopilikia kēia i nā camouflage kūpono. Holo ʻino ʻo Partridge, hana nui ia ma nā meaʻai kanu. Ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻāʻo ka manu e ʻai i nā pōpoki a me nā pepeke no ka ʻā o ka momona no ka hoʻoilo.
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I loko o ka hihiu, ke ola nei ke ola ʻana o nā moʻo polar 9 a 9 mau makahiki, a i ke pio ʻana, haki kekahi poʻe i nā moʻolelo a ola a hiki i 28 makahiki. No ka lōʻihi ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia he nui ka nui o kēia mau manu, akā ʻo ka manawa wale nō ua huli kēia i ko lākou helu ma mua o ka mea e manaʻo ʻia. I kēia manawa, aia nā loko manu keʻokeʻo i ka papa inoa o nā holoholona ma lalo o ka pale.
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Hiki i nā pīkī i hoʻolaʻa ʻia e hiki ke hoʻokō i ka wikiwiki i ka wā holo, ma muli o ke kani pinepine ʻana o ko lākou mau ʻēheu. Ma ke ʻano he manu keu haunaele ʻole, ʻaʻole i hānai nā holoholona, a ʻo ko lākou i ʻōlaʻi ma ka lālani hoʻokahi, a i ʻole a hui pū i ka puʻu. I ka manu hihiu, ʻike maʻalahi kēia mau manu e ko lākou cackle a me kāna mau mea.
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Kāleʻele Pink
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Kahi inoa kēia gulls no kona ʻano hiʻinaʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula manu o ka hulu, i hui pū ʻia me ka polula uliuli o nā hulu o ke poʻo. ʻOiai i ko lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ola like kēia mau manu i ka tundra. Loaʻa ka manaʻolana i ke ola ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki. Loaʻa ia ma ka Buke Red.
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Hoike Gyrfalcon
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Aia kekahi inoa waena - kahi paele keʻokeʻo. Aia i kona mau ʻāpana e like me ka palekona peregrine. ʻO ka keʻokeʻo kahi maʻamau i keʻokeʻo me kahi paʻu hina. ʻAʻole hiki i ka hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka 100 mika no kēlā me kēia kekona, a he pū maoli nō hoʻi ko ia mau maka. I kēia manawa, ua kākau inoa ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka Red Book, me ka pono o ke kōkua a me ka nānā ʻana.
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ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi awelika pololei, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 91 centimeters a kaupaona a hiki i 6 kilograms. ʻOkoʻa nā mea ʻē mai nā kala ʻē aʻe ma kona pūpiki niho. He haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o kēia manu i ka home holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa ia i loko o ka Red Book of the Russian Federation, a mālama pū ʻia ia i kekahi o nā koina Arctic.
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Komākena
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Hōʻike i ka ʻohana finch. He manu liʻiliʻi me ka loa o ke kino a hiki i 20 kenimita. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e kona ʻano me ke ʻano o ka plumage one. ʻO kahi mea wale no ka moʻomeheu o nā pelemānia Kanaka i kahi ʻano nui loa. Lele akula ia i nā tundra o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Hoʻolaha ka hoʻoilo i Argentina a i ʻole Uruguay.
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Leona kai
ʻO ka leona kai ke ʻano manu eʻai ʻia e nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi, ka lōʻihi a me ka laulā ākea ākea, ke hiki ke hele ma nā wāwae ʻehā, a he pōkole ka lauoho. Nā paila mua - ke kaʻa nui i ka wai. ʻO kā lākou ka laulā mai lalo o ka subarctic a i ka wai kai o nā moana, i nā ʻākau ʻākau a me nā ʻaoʻao hemolele o ka moana, me ka ʻae ʻole o ka ʻākau ʻĀina o ke Kaiāiwa. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola he 20-30 mau makahiki. Ke kaupaona nei kahi liona moana kāne e pili ana iā 300 kg a he lōʻihi ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino he 2,4 mika, aʻo ka wahine he paona ʻo 100 kg a he lōʻihi ke kino o 1.8 mika. Pau ka nui o ke kai i ka nui o nā meaʻai, ma kahi o 5-8% o ko lākou kino paona ma ka hānai.ʻO ka papa ʻai, nā iʻa (e.g. capelin, cod, herring, mackerel, pollock, bass, salmon, gerbil, etc.), bivalves, cephalopods (e.g. squid and octopus) a me nā gastropod. Ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka holoholona, he wahi o ka momona o ka momona, a me ka lauoho mānoanoa, pale i ka holoholona mai ka wīwī paʻakikī ʻo ka tundra.
Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke komo hohonu i lalo o ka wai (a hiki i 400 mau mika), a mahalo i nā nui o nā kaʻina kūloko.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāina hana ʻāina no ka hoʻomaha, molting a me ka hana. Hiki i nā liona kai ke hele ma luna o ka ʻāina i ka lā.
ʻO Weasel
ʻAʻole kūpono kēia inoa i kēia holoholona. He lāʻau liʻiliʻi ʻo Weasel, akā naʻe, i ʻike ʻia e kona dexterity a me ka momona. ʻO ka lole o ka holoholona he brownish-ʻulaʻula.
I ka hoʻoilo, nā lole ulaula i ka lole hulu keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo me kahi uka lōʻihi. Ma nā wāwae puʻupuʻu ikaika loa o nā holoholona, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpio ikaika, me ke kōkua o ka mea e neʻe ai ka holoholona ma nā lāʻau me nā pilikia ʻole a haki i nā ʻuʻewa o nā pōpoki. No ka neʻe, e hoʻohana ana ka weasel i ka lele. Ua nānā ʻia ʻo ia ma ka ʻāina, e piʻi ana i nā wāwae ʻalua.
No ke aloha, he mea nui ka nui o ka meaʻai a puni ona. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e noho ma kahi kahi e hele ai kahi e ʻimi ai. He ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi a i kekahi mau lā hiki ke luku nui i ka heluna holoʻokoʻa o ka rodents.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻōla ka holoholona i nā pahu o ka hoʻoilo. A i loko o nā hihia nui, ʻaʻole paha e nānā ma ka papa no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole pono e nā wili ʻōpio i nā ʻīlio, nā alopeke, nā mea hewa, nā martens a me nā manu o ka iʻa. Noho ka holoholona ma kahi o 8 mau makahiki.
Hoʻohālikelike
ʻO nā holoholona Tundra nā loina kūʻokoʻa o kā lākou ʻano. ʻOiai ka manaʻo maoli o ke ʻano o ka tundra, nui ka holoholona holoholona e noho ana i loko. Ua hoʻololi lākou i kēlā me kēia ma kona ala ponoʻī i ka lōʻihi a me ka hau. Ma ke ʻano o kēia ʻano, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano manu o nā holoholona, akā e hōʻailona ʻia e ka nui.
Pola bear
ʻO kēia holoholona ka mea nui loa i waena o kona mau hoahānau. Piʻi a wili kona kino. I nā kau āpau i nā kala like-keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka ʻili o ka hipa a me ka undercoat, nāna e hoʻopakele i nā bears mai i nā pōkole koʻikoʻi, a hiki no i ka wā lōʻihi ke lilo i loko o ka wai hau.
Pīpilikia wale nō paha a he ala ʻole ka polar bear. Akā hele mai ka hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻike ʻana i ka lūlū a ke ʻano ʻōiwi.
Ke kiʻi nei i nā wahi mamao loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ke kālai ʻia nā mākau. He pōʻino loa no nā kānaka. ʻO ka hālāwai me ka polar bear e hoʻohiki i ka pilikia nui.
Kēia hoʻonāukiuki holoholona i loko o kahi holoholona mea paha mai ia i loko o kona subspcious. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo nā kānaka ke kumu i ka hāʻule nui o ka nui o nā bea ma muli o nā pana poʻi. I waena o nā poʻe noho ʻē aʻe o ka tundra, ʻaʻohe ʻona o nā ʻūlū. ʻO ke ola ola o kahi holoholona ma ka mea kūlohelohe a hiki i ka 30 mau makahiki. I ka pio, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i 15 mau makahiki.
Kaukū bipi
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia holoholona 10 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I ka mua, ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma Asia. Akā kahi hoʻololi i nā kūlana kime i hoʻonāukiuki i ka neʻe o nā holoholona e kokoke loa i ke Akau.
Ke kūlohelohe nei, lilo lākou i mea liʻiliʻi loa no ka mea ʻo ia ke kumuhana o ka hopu ʻana i nā kamaʻāina kūloko. I nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kino o ka kau musk, ua ʻike nā kānaka a ua ʻimi pono ʻia.
E like me nā holoholona tundra he nui, he umauma māla lākou e kōkua iā lākou e pakele mai nā frosts koʻikoʻi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻo nā hooves, me ke kōkua o nā mea musk bipi e hele mālie ma mua o nā pahu hau a me nā pōhaku.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi kēia māla i ka pipi i ka tundra. Hoʻoponopono lākou e ʻai i nā huaʻa, nā ʻeke, nā lichens. ʻO nā holoholona Musk nā holoholona. Loaʻa nā wahine a me kekahi mau kāne i kā lākou harem. ʻO ka ʻenemi o ka bipi musk i manaʻo ʻia he Wolverine, bear, wolf. Noho nā holoholona no kahi o 14 mau makahiki, akā noho pū lākou i waena o nā makahiki he 25.
Nā Wolverine
Aia kekahi holoholona hānai i ka ʻohana o marten, he hekili nui o nā holoholona he nui o ka tundra. ʻAʻole kēia e ʻōlelo i kēia holoholona he nui nā hiʻohiʻona. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku kona paona i ka 30 kg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka huelo he maʻamau ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mita.
Inā ʻoe e nānā iā ia mai kahi mamao aku, ua like like ka holoholona me ka beared Tedd bear or badger with squat and clumsy limb. ʻO ka mea kōkōkē he mau niho ʻeha ʻole e kōkua iā ia i ka uhai malū i kāna mea ʻānai.
ia holoholona o ka tundra o Lūkia ke makemake e noho wale i kona ola a pau. Loaʻa nā kamaʻilio wahine me nā wahine i ka wā mālama wale.
He huluhulu nui ka hulu o Wolverines, no laila ke kumuhana o ka huki ʻana no ka poʻe kaiāulu. I nā hihia aia nā kānaka e hānai holoholona.
Akā he nui ka manaʻo e ʻoi aku ma hope o kekahi mau hanauna, e noho mau ana ʻo Wolverines i nā holoholona aloha a me ke aloha. Loaʻa ko lākou ola i ka hihiu a hiki i ka 10 mau makahiki. Ma ka pio, hiki iā lākou ke ola no 7 mau makahiki he lōʻihi.
Loha
ʻO kēia holoholona no nā rodents liʻiliʻi. Nui nā moʻolelo e pili ana i kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi i waena o ka poʻe kaiāulu. Ua lono ʻia kā lākou hana ʻana i ka lehulehu o nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻi lehulehu.
ʻO kēlā mau kamaʻilio ʻano penei ka hele ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Hoʻomaka kēia mau kaʻina hana i nā helu nui a he paʻakikī iā lākou e pani iā lākou. ʻO nā kahawai nui ma ko lākou ala, kahi e make ai nā holoholona he nui, ʻaʻole lilo ia i mea paʻa i ka lāʻau. ʻO nā poʻe i pakele e ho'āʻo e hoʻohiki hou i ka heluna o ka lehulehu.
Aia ka poʻe i hoʻohuihui i ka mysticism i lemmings no ko lākou mau kīpoki i ka ʻano o nā hooves a me ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. Wahi a lākou, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka mahina piha, huli lākou i ka hipa wīwī a inu i ke koko mai nā ʻīlio hihiu.
I nā poʻe hoʻomana ʻole, ke kani nei nā lemō kani ʻana e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana o ke poino nui. He mau holoholona ikaika lākou. Hōʻike lākou i kā lākou hana i ke ao a me ka pō. E hānai ana nā Rodents i nā meaʻai kanu. Hoʻomaʻa ka lemmings i nā ʻalopelo arctic a me nā holoholona a me nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka tundra. ʻAʻole lākou e ola lōʻihi - ʻaʻole ma mua o 2 mau makahiki.
.Lio pipi
ʻO ka poʻe ʻōiwi o ka tundra i hoʻohana i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Siberian a me Eskimo huskies e like me ka ʻīlio puaʻa. ʻO nā aʻa o kēia ʻīlio e hele mai i nā ʻīlio. He pōʻino a ola ʻole nā ʻīlio. Akā loaʻa ko lākou ʻano maikaʻi loa - e hoʻomau mau lākou i ko lākou haku.
Hiki i nā ʻīlio puaʻa ke hoʻokele pono i ka lewa i loko o ke kikowaena, ʻoiai me ka ikaika o ka hau. Wahi a kekahi o kā lākou mau hōʻailona hōʻailona, hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi maʻalahi i ko lākou ala i ka hale.
ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka luhi i kā lākou koko. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu i ke anuanu a me ka lawa o ka meaʻai. A i kēia lā, nā kāne a pau he mea kōkua nui ka poʻe.
ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
Aia kēia ʻano pili i nā rodents mai ka pua squirrel. ʻO kēia holoholona kekahi hiʻohiʻona o pehea i hoʻoponopono ʻia ai nā holoholona o ka tundra e noho ma kahi o ke aniani. I ke kauwela, alakaʻi lākou i kahi ala maʻamau.
I ka hoʻoilo, i ʻole pilikia e hoʻopili ai i ka meaʻai a ʻaʻole me ka manuahi, ʻaila wale nā gophers. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia e kahi mea make honua a ua make no ka mea ua lilo kona ʻano kino i ka minus a hele ʻole ke koko.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, pili nui nā holoholona i ka wā hānau, akā e ola mau nei lākou. ʻO ka mea pōʻino no nā gophers ka hālāwai me nā skuas, nā ʻāpana polar, nā wili a me nā holoholona hihiu o ka tundra. Noho ʻo Rodents ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau makahiki.
Honi
ʻO kēia mea hana me kahi physiognomy maikaʻi aia i loko o ka sila. ʻO kāna papa ʻai e hoʻokomo ai i nā iʻa a me nā lau lau. Ua manaʻo lōʻihi ʻia he mea lawaiʻa koʻikoʻi, no laila e lilo ana ia i mea liʻiliʻi loa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kēia manawa, ʻo ke sila ka mea noho o ka tundra, ua helu ʻia i ka Red Red Book.
ʻO kēia pinniped kekahi o nā mākaʻi nui loa o kāna ʻano. ʻO kēia holoholona nui i ka ʻili ʻili nui a mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā palahala, nā ʻōpala, nā mea e ʻākala nei lākou mai nā koena o nā loko o nā loko. He maka liʻiliʻi ko lākou.
E like me ka wāwae, ua hoʻolālā ʻia no ka maʻalahi o lākou e neʻe i luna ma mua o ka ʻauʻau ʻana. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ʻole lākou e haki, e like me ka hapa o kā lāua mau kaikuaʻana ʻē aʻe, akā hele ma ka ʻāina.
Me ke kōkua o tusks, ua maʻalahi ka pinniped e hele mai ka wai ma ka hau. E like me ke sila ʻana, manaʻo ʻia nā walruses ka mea maikaʻi loa o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, no laila, hoʻoili ʻia kahi hopena like ʻole. ʻO kēia holoholona holoholona he ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka honi, lohe ʻo ia i ke ʻano o kahi kanaka i mua o ka wā e hoʻohuli i ka waʻa.
He ʻeha nā kānaka āpau o nā pipi i ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻia ʻana i kekahi poʻe - ke kū mau nei nā walruses ma hope o kēlā me kēia, inā e hele pū kekahi o lākou, hele koke mai ke koena e hoʻopakele. ʻAʻole wale ke kanaka e makaʻu iā ia. ʻO nā hae nui no lākou he mau lāʻau polar a me nā kohola pepehi kanaka. ʻO ke ola ʻo Walrus e pili ana i 45 makahiki.
Honi
He mau walrus nā kohu Mammal. Hoʻohana lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma ka hau. Ma laila lākou e hoʻomaha ai, hoʻoulu a hoʻohana i ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka manawa. I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi i nā haneli mau haneli mai kahi e noho ai.
Ua ʻike ka poʻe i ka ʻike e hiki ai ke uē ke kai, akā ʻo ia kēia mea iā lākou me ka waimaka ʻole. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia nā talena hōʻailona i mea maikaʻi loa ma waena o nā kamaʻāina. Eia ua hana ʻia ka mammal ma lalo o ka maluhia o ke kanaka ma muli o ka emi ʻana o kona nui.
Hoʻokomo maoli nā sila i nā ʻenemi. Me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā kohola pepehi kanaka a me nā alopio manuahi, ka mea e hōʻeha nei i nā pēpē hānau hou o kēia mau momima. Noho nā koholā no 30 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ola ka males a hiki i kēia makahiki o 5 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka iʻa mai ka ʻohana salmon ua manaʻo ʻia he mau huahana waiwai nui, no laila, e like me ka hanana pinepine ʻana i ia mau hihia, nui ka nui o ka iʻa ke ʻano o ka ʻanuʻu.
I kāna ʻai he nui loa nā mea e pono ai nā mea kanu a me nā mea pena. ʻO ka papa ʻai o ka iʻa i komo i ka plankton, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā pisa a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke kumu ola o kēia iʻa koʻikoʻi he 10 mau makahiki.
Salemona
ʻO kēia kaona Salakona, a me nā kānaka he nui o ka wai i ka tundra, he waiwai nui kona. ʻOno loa kāna ʻiʻo ʻana a me ke olakino. Hiki i ka iʻa ke ulu i nā nui hoihoi.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino e ulu i nā manawa he 1,5 m, a kaupaona ka pākeke ma kahi o 45 kg. ʻOi ka pīhoihoi pākaha a me ka hoʻonoe o ka ʻai i ka hoihoi ʻana i nā lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa.
Pāʻai ka iʻa i nā ʻāpana, nā ʻōpala a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. I ka makahiki wale nō ʻo 5-6 makahiki e ulu maikaʻi ka iʻa. I ka manawa pinepine, ua ulu ulu nā iʻa ma mua. Nohoʻo ia ma kahi o 15 makahiki.
Kālaiʻihi
ʻOiai me kona ʻoluʻolu a me ka nani, ua kūpaʻa kēia manu. ʻAʻole oi aku kona lōʻihi ma mua o 40 cm, a ʻo ka manu e kaupaona ai ma mua o 1 kg. Ma ka ʻīhā pōkole o ka manu, kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi me nā maka liʻiliʻi e pili ʻole i ka kino.
ʻOiai ka pōkole o nā wāwae o ka manu, ua hoʻolako ʻia me nā pihi nāu e kōkua iā ia e kaulike ai a paʻa pono i nā pahu hau, a me ka kanu ʻana i ka hau no ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha.
Kūlike ka ʻano o ka plumage o ka manu i ka manawa o ka makahiki. I ka hoʻoilo, he keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo. I ke koena o ka makahiki, loaʻa i ka manu me ka waie penikala me nā kīʻaha o ke keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻeleʻele. ʻOiai he manu ka partridge, makemake ʻo ia i ke alakaʻi i kahi ʻano ʻāina, e hoʻopau ʻia ia no ka manawa pōkole no ka mea hikiʻole iā ia ke hana.
Noho ka mea noho manawaleʻa i kahi ʻohana, hānai i nā pōpoki, spider, worm, lele, pepeke pepeke. I ka manawa 'aʻole ka lawa o ka' aiʻai ma muli o nā kūlana o ke anela, eʻike ana nā huaʻai i loko o ka 'ai o ka partridge.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā hulu hulu. E ao pono hoʻi ia i nā ʻalopelo arctic, gyrfalcons, skuas. Loaʻa ka ola o nā manu ma ke ʻano he 4 mau makahiki. Ma ke pio naʻe, eia naʻe kekahi mau manawa i ka wā e ola ai lākou he 20 a mau makahiki paha.
Puaa ʻo Tundra
ʻO ka manu kupanaha ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hoa ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻeke tundra i ka hapalua ka nui no lākou, akā he keʻokeʻo ia, akā, ʻoluʻolu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi. Ke lilo nei nā manu i ka nahele ma muli o ka puka no ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma luna o lākou.
Mahalo nui ka poʻe i ka ʻiʻo puaʻa momona a me ko lākou papala nani. Hiki i ke kālepa panatical ke hoʻololi i ka ʻoluʻolu no ka manu. Malia paha ma kahi kokoke i ka manu e lawe i kahi i loko o ka papa inoa o nā manu no ka hopohopo ʻia i ka Red Book.
Loons
E kū pono paha ka Waterfowl ma waena o nā hoa hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO kā lākou like me ka nui e like me ka nui o ka beose medium a duck nui paha. ʻAno like ka poli o ka lewa ma ka lewa i ko lākou mau ʻohana a pau i nā ʻēheu liʻiliʻi a me ka wāwae, e like me ka lāʻī, ʻike nui ʻia.
ʻO kā lākou lele ʻana i ka peʻe o ke poʻo me ka ʻāʻī i lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi mea hoʻohālikelike o kēia mau manu. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā male wahine a me nā wahine. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā manu ma ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ma mua o ka ʻāina, no laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou ma ke kahakai, akā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi loa.
He mea hoihoi loa lākou a ma ka manawa like ke hana gait. ʻAʻole like nā heleheʻe e hele, akā ke kahili nei i ko lākou ʻōpū. ʻO ka wai i nā manu ke loaʻa kahi wā hiamoe. Ma ka ʻāina kahi wale nō lākou.
Hiki ke ʻuwau a me ka leo nui ka holoholona hihiu, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano pono o nā manu. He polygamous nā loona, ke mālama lākou i ko lākou kāne i ko lākou ola a pau, ma ke ala, e lōʻihi ana ma kahi o 20 mau keiki.
Polar owl
ʻO nā hulu manu keʻokeʻo mai ka ʻano o nā pua ʻalani nui, me ke poʻo poepoe a me ka plumage keʻokeʻo. Kōkua kēia pelu i ka manu e hoʻopā maʻalahi i ka hoʻoilo. Ma kona kumu, ʻo ka poli owl he mauhoʻomaʻo mau. ʻO kāna kīʻaha e komo i nā moʻo a me nā lemmings, nā hares, nā manu, nā rodents liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi kalima a me nā iʻa.
ʻO ka huluhulu manu hoihoi, i kekahi manawa hiki iā ia ke hopu i nā manu i ka lele. ʻAno ka ʻānela i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi i loli ʻole, ka ʻōlohelohe i ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ʻūwī ʻana i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ke kōkua o nā pua.
I ka wā ulu, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā ʻaka polar e ka ʻūhā nui a me ka hoʻōho croaking. ʻO kekahi manawa, i ka wā e pīhoihoi nui ai ka manu, hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi oho helo. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa kēia manu manu manu e makemake ia e noho mālie no ka mea hou aku. Hōʻalo ʻia nā huaʻai polar a nā ʻalopalole maikaʻi, nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻōkuʻu. Noho lākou e pili ana i 9 mau makahiki.
Skuas
ʻO nā skuas ka charadriiformes. Hoʻohui kekahi iā lākou i nā gulls. He manu nui nui nā manu i loko o ka ʻili. Ua poele kona poʻo, a ua poepoe ʻia ke kumu. Ma ka pono, hāʻule ka lāʻau. Loaʻa i nā ʻēheu ka lōʻihi a lōʻihi ka hopena.
Ua poepoe ke kāʻei, nona nā hulu hulu 12. He poʻe lawaiʻa akamai nā manu, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo e pili ana i ko lākou hiki ke iho, no laila e makemake lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa e kokoke kokoke i ka lewa. Eia kekahi, makemake lākou i nā rodents liʻiliʻi a me nā mollusks. ʻAʻohe mau ʻuhane manu manu nei ka manu. Ke ola nei lākou ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki.
Hoike Gyrfalcon
ʻO kēia manu he falcon a ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā mea nui loa o kēia puka. ʻO ka paona o nā wahine hiki ke piʻi i ka 2 kg. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka males ma 2 mau manawa. ʻO nā gyrfalcons kahi brownish-hina me ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka puʻu ʻana i ka lewa. Holo wikiwiki, wikiwiki wikiwiki.
He like a like me ka manu peregrine. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka huelo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka gyrfalcon. I ka pūnāwai, e lohe ʻia ana kahi hana o kahi gyrfalcon me nā leka kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hānai manu manu nā manu a me nā manu liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke ala o ka pepehi kanaka i ka ʻeha. Hoʻopau ʻo Gyrfalcon i kāna mau niho cervical a ʻāʻī paha i kona ʻāʻī. ʻO ka maikaʻi loa o ka poʻe hunyr gyrfalcons i mahalo nui ʻia e nā kānaka, no laila he nui ka poʻe hahai kime i ka manu a hana i kahi mea kōkua nui i ka wā o ka hopu. Noho ke ola i kahi o 20 mau makahiki.
Perconine Falcon
ʻO kekahi mea ʻona i ka falcons he mea noho i ka tundra. No nā holoholona ke ʻano o nā manu wikiwiki loa a wikiwiki i ka honua. He manu ka manu wale nō e hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka lele lele ʻana.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā manu hānai e ʻimi no nā pige, starlings, ducks, mammalsKele ʻia nā populat o kēia mau manu i kēia manawa. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i kā lākou helu e hoʻomaka ai ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II.
He ikaika nā manu, ikaika, me ka umauma ākea. Kūkulu ʻia ka leʻa o ka hulu falcon e ka hina me nā pehu ʻeleʻele. ʻIke mau ʻia nā hulu ʻeleʻele i nā ʻōlelo a nā ʻēheu.
Hoʻomaʻa kēia poʻe predator i nā manu liʻiliʻi, squirrels, bats, hares, squirrels ground, lemmings, and voles field. Hiki ke palekana palekana i nā ʻohana kenetarians, ola lākou a hiki i 100 makahiki a keu paha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona Tundra
ʻO ka zona tundra e pili ana i ke kuʻuna haʻahaʻa subarctic. Maanei, ua hōʻemi ʻia nā kiʻekiʻe o Ianuali ma -40º, a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa. Akā ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia ma nā wahi āpau. No ka laʻana, ma kahakai o ka penikala Scandinavian, kahi i kahe aku ai ka wela o Norewani, ua emi mai ka mahana o Ianuali ma lalo -20º. Akā i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi o ke tundra he lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Hoʻohālikelike kēia kauwela ma kahi o ko mākou hāʻule ʻana. I ka mahina wela loa, heʻoi loa ka pae o ka mahana + 10º. ʻOi aʻe i ka lā o Iulai, hiki ke nānā ʻia ke kau wela a me ka hau. A kū like kahi kauwela mai ka ikaika a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hiʻona tundra ka nui o ka mānoanoa. Akā ʻaʻole no ka nui o kaʻili, akā no ka haʻahaʻa o ke ʻano a me ka hopena, ʻo ka ea ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hopena, ua nui nā wahi a me nā kaʻe. Aia nō kekahi puʻu ikaika e kū pono i ke kahakai o ka moana Arctic.
I ka hoʻoilo, ma waho o ka ʻAlika Arctic, ʻaʻole i holo ka lā ma mua o ka paia i kekahi mau lā i kahi lālani. I ke kauwela, e hoʻomaka ka huli ʻana o ka lā polar. A ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hema e pīhoihoi nui ai ka lā e wehe ʻia ai ka wanaʻao i ke kakahiaka a ʻaʻohe ʻōlō maoli. ʻO kēia ʻanoʻano i kapa ʻia "nā pō keʻokeʻo."
Launa a me ka flora o ke tundra
ʻO ka mea kanu o nā tundra he meaʻokoʻa loa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke anuanu wela, aia kahi mau lāʻau aniani: nā wili polar, ka dwarf Birch. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou no nā lāʻau, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ka mānoanoa o kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu i ka lōʻihi o ke kiko o kahi penikala, a ke kiʻekiʻe e piʻi aʻe ana ma kahi o 20-30 cm wale nō.
ʻO nā mea kanu nui o ka tundra he mosses a me nā lichens. Hoʻoholo lākou i ka ʻike o nā hiʻohiʻona tundra. He lawa nā māmala nui no lākou, a pono ʻole lākou e wela. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ulu mālie lākou.
O ka mea kanu kaulana e kaulana ai ka reindeer moss, a i ʻole nā mea make heihei, ʻaʻole ʻo ia he moss, akā he lichen. ʻO kēia ke kumu i ka ʻai no ka reindeer, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai kona inoa kaulana.
Nui nā puʻu nui i ka tundra i ke hoʻoilo ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo ma ka waiho ʻana i nā lau ʻiliʻuʻuʻuʻuʻuʻu hou. Mālama kēia iā lākou e hoʻomaka koke i ka mea kanu ma hope o ka hoʻohemo ʻana mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka mea mua, he mau cranberry, cranberry, blueberries a me nā kapuaʻi manu.
Hiki i nā mea kanu ota ke kapa ʻia he nano, ʻano mauʻu a me nā poppy polar. No kahi kauwela ʻo Arctic pōkole, hoʻokele lākou e hele a holo i loko o kahi ʻano ulu maikaʻi vegetative.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu maanei me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻohana maikaʻi i ka wela wela a mālama iā ia, pale iā ʻoe iho i nā makani ikaika e wāwahi ana i nā kumu.
ʻAʻole waiwai ka honua o ka holoholona o ka tundra i nā holoholona, akā nui ka nui i loko o nā huaʻōlelo. He aha nā holoholona e noho mau nei i nā tundra i nā manawa a pau? ʻO ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka tundra ka mea o ka reindeer, lemmings, nā arika arctic, nā ʻīlio, a me nā manu - nā ʻāpana polar a me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi loa nā holoholona musk.
Nā manu Tundra
ʻO ka manu o ka tundra i hōʻike ʻia e nā manu. ʻO ka eider kaulana kaulana ʻo ka pā keu kai nui. Ua kaulana ʻo ia no kāna pua momona, kahi e waiho nei i ka pūnana a uhi i nā hua. He mahalo nui loa kēia lei ʻulaʻula, no laila e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai. Mai kekahi pūnana, kahi i waiho aku ai nā manikini, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā 15-20 gle o nā fluff maʻemaʻe.
ʻAʻole lele aku ʻo Gaga i ka hoʻoilo, akā ua holo kahe mai ke kahakai - a kahi i kū ʻole ai ke kai.
ʻO ke kime kekahi noho paʻa o ka ʻāpana tundra. ʻAe ka inoa i ka hoʻoilo ma kona hoʻoilo ke keʻokeʻo, e ʻae ana i ka manu i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka papa o ka hau. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka meaʻai kanu, a he manu ʻehā hoʻi nā moa.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻāpana polar e hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā lemmings. I ke kauwela, he pilikia ia i nā manu, no ka mea, ʻo nā ʻoki ʻo ia ke hoʻohui maikaʻi i kāna meaʻai.
Mana Waiwai Wai
I ke kauwela, hoʻopau maoli nā kikoʻī o ka tundra i ka wai. He wai nāwele wai, a me nā loko he nui a me nā ʻūlau, a me nā wai. No laila, ua hoʻopiha hou ka honua holoholona o ka tundra i kahi nui heʻe wai. ʻIke lākou i nā ʻōpio a me nā pepeke manuahi i ka wai, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻole i nā iniseti lākou iho.
ʻO Geese, ducks, loons, waders, swans - ʻaʻole kēia papa inoa piha o nā manu e hānai ana a hatching ma ka ʻaoʻao mamao. A i ka hāʻule ʻana e lawe ai i kā lākou mau moa i ka hema, i nā ʻāina mahana.
Tundra ʻOihana Welina
ʻO ka holoholona a me nā mea kanu o ka tundra he mea palupalu loa, no ka mea no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā kūlana paʻakikī, ʻaʻole ia he mau makahiki he mau makahiki, akā he mau makahiki. No laila, makemake ʻo ia i ka pale.
Ua hoʻonohonoho ka Red Book of Russia ma kāna pahuhopu i ka pale o nā flora a me nā manu. Nā holoholona o nā tundra i kākau ʻia ma loko:
- Putorana kaho hipa,
- Chukchi hipa hipa,
- polar bear,
- kaʻe keʻokeʻo
- loon keʻokeʻo,
- kaʻe keʻokeʻo
- keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi
- pipiʻi keʻokeʻo,
- Luʻi
- ʻ Pacificlelo,
- huaʻai liʻiliʻi
- ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
- kakō kikowaena
- Siberian Crane, a i ʻole White Crane.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi mālama e pale i ka holoholona nui o nā tundra: Kandalaksha, Lapland, Taimyr a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Kōleʻa Beluga
ʻO ke kohola Beluga - he mālamalama keʻokeʻo o ka ʻohana kai kohola ʻokiʻoki (Monodontidae). ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi kēia holoholona no ke ola i nā wai anuanu ma muli o kahi helu o ke ʻano anatomical a me ka physiological. I waena o lākou - ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka waiho ʻana o ka hope dorsal. He pelapono ko Beluga whale ma mua o ke poʻo, aia kahi ʻano nunui a me ka deformable o echolocation. Hoʻopau ke kūleʻa a hiki i 5.5 mika ke lōʻihi a kaupaona paha ma kahi o 1600 kg. He kino kino ʻo Belugas a lohe maikaʻi ʻia.
He mau holoholona ola kēia nā pūʻulu o ka 10 mau kanaka ma ka awelika, akā i ke kauwela hiki ke hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā pūʻulu o nā haneli a he mau tausani paha o ka belugas. He poʻe lawelele lākou, akā hiki iaʻu ke holo i lalo o 700 mika. Ke kau nei ka meaʻai i ko lākou wahi a me ke kau. He holoholona migratory nā Belugas a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hui i hoʻopau i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi o ka pahu Arctic, ke hoʻoilo ʻia ka hau i ka kauwela, neʻe lākou i nā ʻaumu mahana a me nā wahi kahakai. Kūpono kekahi mau pūʻulu a ʻaʻole e hele i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka makahiki.
Elk a me Reindeer
ʻO Elk a me reindeer - nā mākaʻi o ka ʻohana deer (Cervidae). ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa nā moose kāne i nā pū ʻoniʻoki, a me nā ʻāpana reindeer i loaʻa i nā kāne a pau. Ua pālahalaha kēlā mau ʻano ʻelua i nā ʻalani like ʻole, e komo ai ka tundra. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu (ʻōpala, nā lau, nā lau, nā ʻōpio, nā wīwī, nā moss, nā mea hoʻoulu).
Ma muli o ke kaona o ka lauoho a me ka lauoho nāwili, a me kahi papa māno o ka momona subcutaneous, hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau Ita e noho i loko o ke anuanu o ka tundra. Hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i ka hau hoʻohemo a hāpai i ko lākou mau wāwae i ka wā e hele ana. Ke neʻe nei, e hana i kahi papahele a iʻa wāʻa (ʻike leʻa ʻole ka holopaa).
Me kahi uhi o ka hoʻoilo ma mua o 70 cm, hele lākou i loko o nā wahi hau.
ʻAno hika
ʻO ka honu Arctic a i ʻole polar hare, he ʻano ʻano hares i hoʻoponopono ʻia no ke ola i loko o ka polar a me nā kuahiwi mauna. Ua hōʻoki ʻia i nā pepeiao a me nā umauma, kahi ihu liʻiliʻi, nā waiho momona momona e hana ana i 20% o ka paona o ke kino, a me kahi māno o ka hulu. No ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka hiamoe, ʻoka nā lua polar i nā lua i ka ʻāina a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo. ʻIke lākou i nā kelepona, akā he mau pepeiao pokole, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe, a, like ʻole me nā kelepona, hiki ke ola i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke hele pū me nā hares ʻē aʻe; i kekahi manawa he mau pūʻulu lākou ma nā hui o 10 a i ʻole keu, akā maʻamau ka hanana hoʻokahi, koe wale nō no ka wā hānau. Hiki i ka hānai Artct ke piʻi aku i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 60 mau hola no ka hola.
ʻO Belyak kekahi o nā mākaʻi nui loa o ka kelepona-like. Ma ka awelika, ʻo ka paona i kaupaona ʻia he 2.2 a hiki i ka 5.5 kg (ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā ʻalā nui a hiki i 7 kg), a loaʻa i ke kino o 43-70 cm, ʻaʻole helu i ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o 4,510 cm.
ʻAi ke aloha o nā ʻoniʻoni ma nā mea kanu, 95% o kā lākou mālama i ka willow, ʻo ke koena ka moss, lichens, sedge, bark, algae. I kekahi manawa ʻai lākou i ka aʻa a me ka iʻa.
Polar bear
ʻO kahi pola a i ʻole ka polar bear kekahi o nā mammals ʻāina nui loa. Kūpaʻa nā kūpale he 370-700 kg, ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo mai ka 240 a 300 cm. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine i ka male, a me ka paona o 160-320 kg. He ʻāpana keokeo a me nā lauoho keokeo, eia naʻe ke palalolo nā lauoho a ua ʻeleʻele hoʻi ko lākou ʻili. Hoʻohui ʻia nā wool a me ka ʻili e hoʻokūkū i ka lā a mālama i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ke kino. E like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe o ka Arctic a me nā tundra, he mau pepeiao pōkole ka poʻe beahi, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka nalo wela.
Kūʻai pinepine nā bea polū ma kahi kokoke i ka wai a me ka hau, kahi o nā mea punahele punahele. He mau lua i nā moe a lākou e moe ai a hānau nā wahine i nā ʻāpana. ʻAʻole lākou e komo i ka wā hānau, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea hānai, akā, ʻo kekahi mau kānaka a me nā wahine hāpai, ʻoi aku ka hiamoe o ka hoʻoilo hohonu, kahi i emi nui ai ka puʻuwai.
Melville Island Wolf lāua ʻo Tundra Wolf
ʻO nā mokupuni o Melville a me nā ʻōlio tundra he mau huaʻōlelo o nā ʻīlio hina e noho ana i ka tundra. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kapa o nā ʻeke tundra ma mua o ka polar. Ma nā subspecies ʻelua, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho, pohō a mālie. Loaʻa nā subspecies tundra ma ka ʻāina nui, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻūlio Arctic e noho ma luna o ka hau hau, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi iā lākou iho mai ka mea hiki, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. Holo kēia mau ʻīlio i nā pūʻulu o 5-10 kanaka. ʻO ka ʻili liona Artct i ka pōkā musk, caribou a me nā mea hoʻokae arctic. Eia kekahi, ʻai lākou i nā lemmings, nā manu, a me nā mea gophers. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻīlio polarka ma mua o nā ʻīlio tundra a loaʻa nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi, e hiki ai iā lākou ke mālama hou i ka wela.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā wāwae wāwae, ʻo ia ka hele ʻana o nā membran liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā manamana lima, e hiki iā lākou ke neʻe wikiwiki i loko o ka hoʻoilo hohonu. Pēlā lākou i ka manamana lima, no laila ke kūpaʻa ka paona o ke kino. Kōkua nā pale dull i ka palaki ma luna o ka palupalu, a ʻo ka ʻōnaehana kaomi e pale i nā wāwae mai ka hypothermia. ʻO ka hulu o kēia mau ʻīlio i kahi hoʻomehana thermal haʻahaʻa, e kōkua ana i ke ola i nā kūlana kime koʻikoʻi o ka tundra.
ʻArikine
ʻO ka ermine kahi mea predator liʻiliʻi, he ʻelele no ka ʻohana marten. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino, e noʻonoʻo ai i ke poʻo ka 16-31 cm, a ʻo ke paona he 90-445 pā. Ua haʻi ʻia ka dimorphism seksual, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. He kino lōʻihi lākou, he ʻōpū, cylindrical, nā wāwae pōkole a me kahi huelo lōʻihi. I nā poʻe e noho ana i nā tundra, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka pulu a ua ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā hoahānau mai nā wahi ākea ʻē aʻe.
He maikaʻi ko lākou na maka, ka ʻono a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana, ka mea e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka hopu. Pāʻai maikaʻi nā Ermines a piʻi pono i nā lāʻau. He poʻe lawaiʻa maikaʻi kekahi, hiki ke hele i nā kahele ākea. Ma ka hau e neʻe ai lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā peke i ko lākou mau wāwae hind a hiki i 50 cm ka lōʻihi.
He ʻokoʻa nā ʻaila, ko kā lākou ʻai ʻana: nā ʻōpala, nā rodents liʻiliʻi (no ka laʻana, nā kiʻina mahinaʻai), nā ʻenekele, nā manu, nā iniseti, nā iʻa, nā mōlia, nā amphibians a me nā invertebrates. Inā lawa ka ʻai, ʻai lākou i ka make me nā holoholona make.
ʻAno ʻeleʻele paha a polū paha
ʻO ka polar owl he manu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo mai ka ʻohana pua ʻai ʻalani. Kōkua ka polū keʻokeʻo iā lākou e hūnā ma kahi hale anu. He keʻokeʻo wale nō nā kāne, me nā wahiʻeleʻele i nā wahine a me kā lākou mau ʻili ma ke kino a me nā ʻēheu. Hoʻopili ke ʻano o ka hulu o nā hulu o nā kāne. ʻAʻohe keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a nā wahine, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā kāne ma 100% keʻokeʻo. He lōʻihi a lōʻihi ka hulu o kā lākou hulu (a ʻo ke kālai ʻia nā uhi me ka hulu).
ʻO nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui loa i loaʻa ke kino o ke kino ma kahi o 71 cm a me ke kaumaha o 3 kg. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi nohona o kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻole like i ka nui o nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea o ka nui o kā lākou hana i ka lā.
Hōʻailona ka ʻāpana polar, he mau maka a me ka lohe, aia lākou e loaʻa i nā waiwai i hūnā ʻia ma ka mākaʻu a i ʻole a ua hau paha. ʻO kā lākou mea makemake nui ʻia he lemmings, lākou lākou e ʻai ai i nā nui. E ʻai ana kekahi ʻelemakule kahiko ma mua o 1,500 lemmings i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a hoʻohui ʻia i kēia meaʻai i ka iʻa, nā rodents, nā pīpī a me nā manu.
Makemake kekahi ʻlika keʻokeʻo e noho mau ma kona wahi anu no ka makahiki hoʻokahi, akā e like me kāu e ʻike ai, hiki ke neʻe.
ʻAsslelo ʻasslelo
He maka manu kahi mea manu e hiki ai ke lele, hele a lele. Ka neʻe ʻia ʻana o nā mau wahi āpau ma nā wahi a puni o ka honua, mai nā tropics a me nā wahi kahakaha i nā ʻāpana tundra a me nā alpine. ʻAʻole lākou noho i nā lua, akā makemake e noho ma nā mea kanu hāmeʻa. I ka tundra, ʻai lākou i nā lāʻau palaʻa e hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa. ʻAi pū nā mea aloha i nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho nei ma kēia wahi ikaika o ka honua.
Nāu laka
Heʻoi aku ka nui o nā 3,000 o nā namu i loaʻa i ka honua a puni ʻo Antarctica. Ma ka ʻāpana o ka tundra, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻano he ʻumikumamālua o kēia mau ʻano koko, e hoʻohana nui ana i ke kauwela.
I nā climates maloʻo, noho mau lākou no nā mau hebedoma i ka makahiki i ka wā e, a mahalo i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā thermokarst, loko o nā wai wai. I kēia manawa, hānai lākou i ka nui a hoʻopau i ka koko o ka reindeer. Hiki i nā namu ke ʻae i nā wela manuahi a me ka hau.
ʻO wolf Tundra
No nā haneli he mau makahiki, ua hōʻike nā ʻōpio tundra i ka hoʻomanawanui kupaianaha me ko lākou mau ola. Ma kahi hebedoma e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai, lanakila a hiki i 20 km i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka ʻai a hiki i ka 10-15 kg i ka manawa, me ka ʻili, ka huluhulu a me nā iwi.
Ke ʻimi nei nā poʻe lawaiʻa honua i ka mea i hopu ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana nui, kahi i kahele ʻia ai nā kuleana āpau a nā mea lanakila a me nā mea hoʻouka kaua ʻAno maikaʻi ke ʻike, ʻike a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana iā lākou e hānai i nā pōpoki, na kuokena, ka luku ʻana i nā nest o nā manu, hopu i nā ʻalopeke a me nā mea he.
Akā, ʻo kēia mea hōʻemi. E ʻoliʻoli nā wolves i ka wā e lanakila ai lākou i kahi ʻōpio opio a nāwaliwali paha. Hoʻomaopopo ka mālama kūlohelohe, ikaika a me ka maʻa: he hipa kahe ʻana o ka pahu hau i ke alahele, me he mea lā he holoholona wale nō i waiho wale i kona mau ʻano.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻīlio tundra
Hare
ʻO kahi lālā nui o nā kelepona-like - ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hōʻea i ka awelika he kanaono kenimita, loaʻa i ka tundra o Western Siberia. Hoʻohuiʻokoʻa ʻia lākou mai nā ʻoa a nā pepeiao pōkole a me nā wāwae palahalaha, a me ke ʻano he hoʻololi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka manawa o ka makahiki.
ʻO nā holoholona ʻewaʻewa kahi holoholona kaona e noho a ʻona i kekahi ʻāina a pale iā ia. Akā loaʻa nō hoʻi nā ʻohana o ka neʻe i ka manawa i loko o lākou.
ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka palaʻai ka mea kanu, a ʻo ka ʻū me nā hua. Ma muli o ka nele o nā minuke i loko o ke kino, loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i kahi lehelehe i nā ʻili i nā iwi a i ʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā pū lāʻau nui.
Punochka
He lāʻau liʻiliʻi tundra a he kumulāʻau paha i ka wai i loko o ke kumulāʻau ma kahi he ʻumikumamāono sentimita lōʻihi. He ʻokoʻa nā kala o nā wahine a me nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka plumage o ka hopena, e hoʻololi ʻia me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka beak, ʻaʻole ma ka ʻeleʻele, huli i ka melemele.
Aia hoʻi ka ʻai o kēia mau manu i ka manawa: i ke kauwela he nui lākou i nā iniseti, i ka hoʻoilo - nā huaʻai a me nā huaʻai.
E like me nā manu nunu, ulu nā ʻuʻuku ma ka ʻāina, ma ka ʻehā, ʻelima mau pōkoki ma ka brood.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i palena ʻia ka fauna o ka Tundra i ʻole i nā luna i luna. Eia nō hoʻi, nā holoholona mai Arctic ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ma Tundra, a me nā holoholona mai nā kūkulu hema e holo wāwae i ke kauwela.
A i ʻike ʻole ʻia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe e nā ʻepekema ..
ʻĀpō (keʻokeʻo) ʻōwaha Arctic
ʻO ka hulu nani a me ka waihona, ʻokoʻa a 30 cm ka lōʻihi, e hoʻopakele i nā holoholona mai ka hau. Hoʻopuka nā maka i kahi pigment kūikawā e pale mai ka makapō ana i ka mālamalama i ke keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo.
Hele waliwele mau ʻalopaliki makehe e huli ai i ka ʻai. Ua huki ʻia lākou i ko lākou wahi i ka hānau ʻana i ka wā hiamoe wale nō. E hoʻolako i kou lua i ke tundra he hana climatic paʻakikī. No laila, he mau kaukani pōpō polu i hoʻohana i nā ʻōpala i nā puʻu i ka ʻāina maloʻo.Ke hānai nei lākou i nā mea a pau a ka tundra e hāʻawi ai: nā iʻa, ke kō, ke koena o ka wili no nā ʻīlio a me nā bea.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻalopona pōkole i nā hui a kōkua kekahi i kekahi. E mālama i nā cubs inā make nā mākua. ʻO ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe he mau ʻula manuahi, nā aeto gula, nā wīlio a me nā bea.
ʻĀpō (keʻokeʻo) ʻōwaha Arctic
White Owl
No ka manu ka mea e noho mau ai i ka tundra. Nani ʻo ia: he ʻōpū a keʻokeʻo hoʻi ke kīwī keʻokeʻo. Hōʻikeʻike i nā maka melemele me ka ʻike maka ākea e nānā mau ai no ka mea pio. ʻAʻole makemake ka manu i nā lāʻau, noho ma luna o nā pōhaku kiʻekiʻe, ledges, hummocks no ka nānā ʻana i nā pāpū heʻe.
ʻO ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻulaʻahu keʻokeʻo e ʻai ana i nā nūlū wale o ka ʻai. ʻO ka koena i ka poʻe hahai liʻiliʻi. Ma ka nele o ka meaʻai, hiki ke pōloli i ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōlani pili ʻia i ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai. Hoʻopilikia ka nui i nā hua nui. Hōʻalo i nā manu me nā keiki ʻole.
Nā Loons
ʻO nā manu kahiko e ola ana a hiki i kēia lā. ʻAʻole emi iki nā wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ai, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu ke hoʻololi i nā loli. Hoʻomanaʻo lākou i ko lākou mau wahi āpau no nā makahiki.
Ua pili ʻia ko lākou ola me nā wai wai; ma ka ʻāina kahi e neʻe ai lākou me ka paʻakikī. ʻO kahi beak i kuhikuhi ʻia, kahi kino elongated a me nā ʻēheu pōkole e wehe i ka loona mai nā duck. ʻO nā mea ʻokoʻa nui no ka iʻa a me ka hihia.
ʻŌpio Loon
Pēpē ʻOatmeal
Laulā. Noho ana ia i nā mākulā o nā kahe tundra, birch dwarf, noho i nā kahe ʻāina. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me ke kaula ʻeleʻele me ka lei o ke poʻo. ʻO ka oli Oatmeal ke kiʻekiʻe a palupalu. Hoʻololi nā pūnaewele i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Holo aku lākou iā Kina no ka hoʻoilo.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka manu oatmeal
Makani (keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo)
ʻO nā manu nui me kahi beak ulaula lōʻihi a me nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā nane i nā puʻu i nā puʻupuʻu i nā puʻu. He hana paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana i nā manu ma muli o ka pololei ʻana i kekahi mau kūlana: kahi ʻona wai me ka lepo viscous. ʻO ka leo o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo he lōʻihi a sonorous.
Perconine Falcon
Nui ka punahele nui i nā wahi ākea, no laila ma nā wahi ākea o nā tundra he nui lākou i nā wahi no ka pili ʻana, a hiki i ka 10 km a ka mea kokoke. Holo ʻole nā ʻele o Peregrine i ko lākou mau ʻāina, no laila, e noho ʻē ana nā manu ʻē aʻe e pili ana iā lākou, e ʻae ana i ka pale mai nā manu o ka make, nā mea i ʻoki ʻia. ʻO nā māhoe ʻehā o nā falcon i mau ola.
He ʻano manu a lākou e hana ai i nā manu. Piha lākou no kahi i hopu a hopu i kā lākou mau wāwae. Hoʻopau ʻia e ka pū ma kahi wale nō pono. ʻAi lākou i ka waiwai ma luna o nā pōhaku, nā alakaʻi, nā peʻaleʻa, ʻaʻole naʻe ma ka lepo.
ʻO kahi palcon Peregrine
Pukaʻula
Noho ia ma ka puʻu o ke tundra, kahi i hoʻākoakoa ai nā loko a me nā ʻōpala he nui. ʻAi lākou i nā iniseti, mollusks, larvae, a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. E like me nā mea pāʻani o ka uaki, ʻo ka nui o ka sparrow, kū mau ʻia e ka poʻe paa. ʻAʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole lākou he huhū a ʻae ʻia lākou e hoʻokokoke loa.
Mālama ka mālama ʻana i ka hua ma o ka incubation me ke kāne. Ma hope o ka kau ʻana i nā hua, lele a ka wahine. ʻO ke kāne ke hoʻokō nei i kāna kuleana makua, ua waiho i ka tundra me kahi pūʻulu kāne. Ke ulu nei i ka mauʻu ʻōpiopio i ko lākou wahi hoʻoilo ma luna o lākou.
Pukaʻula
Kamenushka
ʻO kēlā mau manu ke hiki i ka hoʻoilo i ke kai tundra ola ʻole. Mālama ʻia nā pōpō mālamalama i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kai, ka wai papau, ma ka lāʻau ʻōpala. I ke kauwela, neʻe lākou e hū ma luna o nā kahe wikiwiki o nā mauna tundra.
Nā manu liʻiliʻi
ʻO Tundra Horned Lark
I waena o ka mea mua e lele i ka tundra. Mahalo i ke kiʻi kumu a me nā pepeiaʻi ʻelua ʻelua, he maʻalahi ka lark e ʻike i waena o nā manu. ʻO ka nui o kahi sparrow scruffy nui. Makemake lākou e ʻauʻau. Holo i nā pālua a i ʻole nā hipa liʻiliʻi. Nā pihi ma ka ʻōpala i nā puʻu. Hāliki ke oli ʻana.
ʻO Tundra Horned Lark
Noho nā holoholona e noho ana i nā tundra, he nui, akā i waena o lākou ʻaʻohe mea reptile. Akā ka nui o nā iniseti koko. ʻO nā makika wale nō he 12 mau ʻāpana.
Hoʻopili iā lākou, hoʻopilikia ka holoholona mai nā gadflies, midges, nā lele ʻeleʻele. Aia ke ola o nā mea ola holoʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi, e mālama ana i kahi kaulike kupaianaha i loko o ke kūlohelohe o ka tundra.