ʻO Melanochromis auratus (ʻ Latinlelo Latin: Melanochromis auratus) a i ʻole ka lāʻau poni gula ʻo ia kekahi o nā cichlids paliwacious o ka loko Malawi.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau no ka auratus - ʻo ka wahine a me ke kāne ke kala kūʻokoʻa, nā kāne ʻeleʻele i ke kino melemele a me nā kaila polani a me ka poli, a he melemele nā wahine a ʻeleʻele.
E hōʻoluʻolu ʻia kēlā kala i ka ola no nā aquarist, no ka mea ke ʻike ʻia ia i kahi e hiki ai i kekahi ke pale aku i nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne.
E noho nei i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO Melanochromis auratus i wehewehe mua ia i ka makahiki 1897. He mea hope i ka Lake Malawi ma ʻApelika. Noho nō ia ma ke kahakai hema, mai ka kahawai a Yalo a hiki i Nkota Kota, a ma ke komohana ma ka Rocks Crocodile.
ʻO ka Golden Parrot kekahi o nā cichlids Aferika mua e kūʻai aku ai. No nā ʻohana o nā cichlids i kapa ʻia ʻo mbuna, aia kahi 13 o nā ʻano heʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia e ka hana a me ka haʻalulu.
Mbuna, ma ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Malawi ʻo ia ka iʻa e noho ana i nā pali. Hōʻike maikaʻi loa kēia inoa i nā makemake i loko o ka home o ka auratus, no ka mea aia maʻa kekahi pū duck - iʻa ka iʻa i ka wai ākea.
Loaʻa ka hapa nui ma nā wahi pōhaku. Ke kūlohelohe nei, hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo mbuna e nā ʻohana polygamous i kahi o ke kāne a me kekahi mau wahine.
Noho nā mōkele ʻole ʻole a noho a ʻo nā wahine wale nō, a i ʻole a i ʻole heihei i ka hui o ka iʻa 8-10.
E hānai nui lākou i nā algae e ulu ana ma luna o nā pōhaku, e hōʻoki ana iā lākou mai nā wahi paʻakikī. E ʻai pū kekahi i nā mea inikini, nā ʻehā, plankton, pākī.
Kāleka
ʻO ka melanochromis kahi kino elongated, nā maka nui a me ka waha liʻiliʻi. Aia nā incisors i loko o ka waha no ka ʻoki algae. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka dorsal, translucent. ʻEleʻele nā kukuna kāne auraratus melanochromis. He melemele ke kiko ākea e hele mai ana ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Ma ke kālā caudal gula aia nā wahiʻeleʻele. He ʻulaʻula ʻia ka wahine i ke kala me kahi kaula ʻeleʻele, ka māmā o ka ʻili me nā wahiʻeleʻele. Dorsal fin melemele me nā wahiʻeleʻele. I loko o ka mea kanu me nā wahine wahine wale nō, e hele nei nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kāne i loko o ka pilikino.
Aʻikepili i ka ʻike
ʻOʻa no nā mea akamai a mākaukau ʻike. Hōʻalo nui nā poli gula, ʻoi aku nā kāne, a kūpono ʻole i nā mea kanu ākea.
E mālama ʻia lākou me nā cichlids ʻē aʻe like me lākou, me ka iʻa wikiwiki e noho ana ma nā papa o luna o ka wai, a i ʻole kaʻawale. Me ka mālama pono, hoʻoponopono koke lākou, ʻai maikaʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Auratus i ka paʻakikī i ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa, ʻaʻole kūpono no nā poʻe hoʻomaka. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kēia mau iʻa, ʻo ka poʻe kāne loa, he teritori a me ka uluheʻe.
Kūʻai pinepine ʻo aquarist i kēia mau iʻa, akā laila ʻike lākou ua luku lākou i nā iʻa āpau i ka aku. ʻAʻole ʻae loa nā Males i nā kāne ʻē a me nā iʻa like me lākou i ke ʻano.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou he nunui i ka nui, ʻo ka lōʻihi ma 11 cm, ʻaʻole ʻē aʻe, e like paha, kahi e hele mai ai ka huhū.
Ma ka manawa like, ʻo nā wahine pū ka pōloli loa a me ka pugnacious. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hele iā lākou, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau wahine i hoʻokahi aquarium. Ua pau iki lākou i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi a hiki i ka hoʻole ʻole o nā kāne ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kala i ke kala o ke kāne, ʻo ia hoʻi, e lilo ka kāne externally.
ʻO ka wahine ʻokuʻāina ke hoʻi i kahi kāne, a ʻo ke koena o ka wahine wahine mau ke kala maʻamau. Loaʻa loa nā kala, akā e hoʻololi i ke kala ma lalo o ka wahine.
ʻO ka mea kaulana i lawe ʻia mai iā lākou e kahi aniani kilokilo - gula me nā kāʻeiʻeleʻele a me ka uliuli.
Melanochromis auratus - ʻai meaʻai
ʻO ke kumu o ke kai kūlohelohe o auratus ka algae e uhi piha ana i ka pali pōhaku i lalo o nā wai, a me nā ʻano o nā mea kanu ʻai liʻiliʻi e noho nei ma waena o kēia mau algae e hana nei he ʻano protein.
I loko o kahi aquarium, hiki i kahi algae ke kūleʻa i ka lūlū, dandelion, spinach a me ka pāholo, me ka pīni a me ka oats. Ma kahi liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka palaoa a me ka keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka holoholona holoholona - corvette, daphnia, enchitrea a me nā kahe koko he mea hoʻohui wale nō i ka mea ʻai meaʻai. Hiki i kahi kīleʻai maikaʻi ke lilo i ka meaʻai maloʻo kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi i hoʻohuihui ʻia no nā cichlids herbivorous.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i kēlā me kēia meaʻai, ua makemake hou ʻole mbuns i nā mea kanu aku i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana.
ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo ka ʻai o ka auratus e pono me nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu, ʻoiai me ka loaʻa nui o ka holoholona holoholona i loko o keʻai, aia paha ke ʻano o ka make ʻana i ka protein e hiki ai i ka make o ka iʻa.
Hōʻalo melanochromis o auratus
Melanochromis Auratus Hoʻopuka nui ia i kahi aquarium.
I ka wā spawning, lilo ke kala o ke kāne i ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ua mākaukau kekahi wahine no ka puhi ʻana i ʻauʻau i kona ʻāina a waiho ma kahi o 40 mau huaʻai, ma hope koke o ka lawe ʻana iā lākou i loko o kona waha. A laila hoʻoulu ka kāne i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kāne i ka sperm, lawe ka wahine i kona waha, ma muli o ke kuʻina, hoʻomohala ʻia nā hua.
Ekolu mau pule ma hope, hānau ʻia ke kolo piha ʻia. Hiki ke hānai koke ʻia i ka uala kūplii brine a i ʻole kahi meaʻai maloʻo kūikawā no ka palaoa. ʻO nā lā mua loa ka mākaʻi e ka wahine a kāna kahu, e ʻae ana i ka palaoa e peʻe i loko o ko lākou waha inā he pōpilikia. Maikaʻi ka maʻalahi o ka pēpē e ola a hiki i ka wā e ulu ai lākou, inā he nui kou papa i loko o ka aquarium kahi āu e hūnā ai i ka iʻa pākeke. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻekolu mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o Auratus i ka lōʻihi o 2.5 centimeter.
Juvenile melanochromis auratus
I ke koho ʻana i ka kaiāulu kūpono o ka iʻa iʻa i ka nui, ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻano, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi hōʻuluʻulu paʻa o nā cichlids Malawian i loko o kahi aku nui.
Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau aquarist e kanu i nā iʻa nimble liʻiliʻi e like me iris, hoʻopuehu i ka hōʻeuʻeu kāne kāne, ma ka auratus.
I kēia manawa, he hopena no ka Lake Malawi, melanochromis auratus aia ma ka puke ʻulaʻula o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature, ma lalo o ke kūlana o LC (Least Concern), ka manaʻo o kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia ʻano.
Auratus
ʻO nā kāne kāne a me nā wahine o ka auratus (Melanochromis auratus), i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo Golden Mbuna, ʻokoʻa ka ʻulaʻula, a no laila ua makemake ka nui e ʻike i nā kāne o nā kāne like ʻole ma kā lākou aquarium. Maʻa like ʻole kēia iʻa me ka alle fouling makemake ʻole, ma kahi o Plekostomus nui a i ʻole nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, hoʻoulu pinepine ʻo Melanochromis auratus i nā ʻaumaha home, akā, ʻoiai he mea paʻakikī loa ia, pono ia i kahi nui. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano he mea paʻakikī loa. I ka manawa pinepine, ka poʻe hoʻomaka, ke kūʻai ʻana i iʻa, ʻike e hoʻopau i ka poʻe i koe o ka hale aku. No ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi kāne a me kekahi mau wahine, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o 200 lita o ka wai a me kahi pae ʻāina me ka nui o nā wahi i hūnā ʻia e pono ai e hūnā. Hoʻomaopopo kekahi o nā loea e kuʻi i nā iʻa nimble liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, iris, i auratus, e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi hōʻeha kāne. ʻO Melanochromis auratus kekahi o nā cichlids aquarium mua.
Hoʻaiho
Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Melanochromis auratus e George Bulenger i ka makahiki 1897 a ua hopena ʻo ia i ka Lake Malawi, aia ma ʻApelika. Noho ka iʻa ma loko ʻāpana hema o ka loko, i kahi ʻāpana i kāpae ʻia e ka pua ʻo Yalo a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Nhota Kota, ke kahakai komohana a me nā pali. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa kokoke i ke kahakai hikina o ka loko. Makemake ʻo Auratus i nā wahi pōhaku a ʻai i nā algae i loko o ka wai.
Kūlana:
ʻO Melanochromis auratus aia i loko o ka Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, akā i lalo o ke kūlana o LC (Least Concern), ʻo ia ke ʻano he mea ʻole paha kēia ʻano o kēia ʻano. Kāleka Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Auratus e kahi muuhao elongated, he ʻoka puʻupuʻu a me kahi pā lōʻihi dorsal. ʻO nā kāne a me ka wahine wahine i ʻokoʻa ka kala, ʻo ka male dorsal fin he translucent ka paʻi melemele. He wahi ʻeleʻele kekahi e hoʻohui ʻia i kekahi laina. ʻO ke kala o ke kua o ke kāne hele mai i ke gula i ka melemeleʻeleʻele, a ʻo ke koena o ke kino e peʻeleʻe ʻia. Eia nō hoʻi, he laina melemele keʻokeʻo me kahi palena ʻulaʻula kukui e holo ana ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa mai nā maka a i nā pua hope. Hōʻele ʻia ka huʻu i ke kikowaena waena a me ka melemele ma nā kihi. ʻEleʻele nā hope o hope me kahi ʻalaʻula uliuli. ʻO ke kino o ka wahine ka mea ke gula ma ke kala me kahi dorsal fin pine gula i ʻaki loa i nā kihi. ʻEleʻele hoʻi ka hope. ʻO kahi laina ʻeleʻele me nā kaula keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha e holo i ke kino holoʻokoʻa mai nā maka a hiki i nā puʻu hind. ʻO ke kāʻei o ka wahine ke keʻokeʻo me nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo a me ke gula ma lalo. ʻO ke koena o ke koena i paʻi ʻia no ke gula.
Male male ʻo Melanochromis auratus.
Wahine Auratus.
ʻO Auratus ka wahine me ka palaoa i loko o kona waha
ʻIke ʻokoʻa nā ʻōpiopio. He ʻulaʻula kona ʻōpū, a keʻokeʻo ke poʻo o luna ma nā ʻāpana ʻekolu. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau ʻōlima mahele penei: kekahi ma ke waenakonu o ka pahu hau, hoʻokahi ma ka ʻaoʻao o hope a me ka hope ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka waihona dorsal. Hoʻohālike ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka huelo o ke ʻano o ka huelo o kahi wahine pākeke, ʻoiai aia nā hihia i kahi o nā kala ʻeleʻele he mau diagonal mau pālule ma laila (ʻo ka maʻamau mai 3 a 5 mau mahina o ke ola). Hoʻomaka ke kala o nā kāne o ka auratus ma hope o ʻeono mau mahina mai ka wā o ka hānau ʻana. He mea like ʻole nā cichlids me kekahi mau iʻa lawaiʻa, e like me Napoleon a me Skara - ʻo ka niho o nā niho maʻamau, ua loaʻa ka iʻa i kahi laina hou o nā niho i kūpono i ka ʻōpala. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā cichlids ma ke kua o nā fins a pau he mau peʻa, ke kumu o ka hoʻomehi ʻana i nā mea hoʻomoʻa. He palupalu nā ʻaoʻao o mua o nā pua a, no laila, mahalo iā lākou, he manu manō nui ʻia ka cichlids a neʻe i ka wai me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ia mau fins i palena i ka wikiwiki o ka iʻa. Ma nā pāpū o nā cichlids i loaʻa i kahi mau nostrils he 2, ʻaʻole like i ka nui o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, he ʻelua lua ko ka ʻaoʻao. E haki i ka wai, cichlids i huki iā ia a hoʻokuʻu i ka "sample" i hope ma hope o kekahi manawa manawa e pono no ka ʻike ʻana o ka ʻono. Hoʻopili kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā cichlids me ka iʻa lawaiʻa moana a no laila ke kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ai i pili nā ʻolike o kēia mau ʻohana.
Auratusa maʻamau maʻamau iʻoi aku ma mua o 11 sentimika ka lōʻihi, akā i nā hale aquariums i hiki iā lākou ke nui aku.
ʻO ka mālama a me ka hānai
ʻO ka Melanochromis auratus no ka hapa nui he lāʻau kūleʻa a no laila, ʻo nā mea kanu a ke kanaka e hoʻohui ai i ka ʻikena he kūpono iā ia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hānai iā lākou i nā manawa he nui i ka lā ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu ai i ʻole a ʻōeloʻi paha. Hōʻike ʻia ka Spirulina i mea kūʻai nui no ka iʻa. E kōkua kēia ʻano ʻai i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe e ʻohi i kā lākou kala. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia hoʻi e pale i ka ʻai ʻana i nā huahana ʻai auratus e like me ka puʻuwai bipi, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha i nā pilikia pāpaʻi i nā iʻa. ʻOiai ke kīnā o nā ʻakiko me ka nui o 200 lita o ka wai, i ka wā e mālama pū ʻia ai kekahi mau ʻano, ʻo ka nui o ka wahi e pono ai he 500 lita. Uaʻike ka iʻa ma ka wai kūlohelohe a me ka maʻalahi o ka palaki, akā pono ia e kahe mau o ka wai a me nā filtration kūpono. No ka mālama ʻana i ka pae pH, nā poʻo lepo i ʻā ʻia a i ʻole nā gravel maʻamau no ka iʻa wai ʻona. E ke ala, i loko o ka hale kūlohelohe o Melanochromis auratus, uhi ʻia ka lalo i lalo i ke one. Eia kekahi, e hoʻolako i kahi helu lehulehu, pono e kau i nā pōhaku he nui e like ma ka hapa. Makemake ke iʻa e ʻili ai, no laila, e waiho ʻia nā pōhaku ma hope o ke one. Inā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka maikaʻi o ka wai, a laila hiki ke loli maikaʻi loa ka moku'āina o nā cichlids. E hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi mau pilikia e ka hoʻololi ʻelua hebedoma o 20-50% o ka wai, ma muli o ka ukana o ka aquarium me nā holoholona like ʻole. ʻO ka Bloing kahi maʻi auratus maʻamau maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau inā ʻaʻole i ukali ʻia ka meaʻai mea kanu a maikaʻi ʻole ka ʻai. ʻO nā maʻi ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe i nā iʻa wai āpau i loaʻa pū kekahi ma auratus.
Nā wahi i koho ʻia i loko o ka aquarium. ʻAʻohe wahi i ka aquarium kahi i makemake ʻia e kēia iʻa.
Hōʻike ʻia nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o Lake Malawi e kahi ʻike kiʻekiʻe o nā minima like ʻole. Ma muli o kēia a me kahi lehulehu o nā vapors, e hōʻike ana i ka wai ma loko o ke kai me kahi mea nui o ka alkalis a me nā minela. ʻIke ʻia ka loko no kona kaona a me ka paʻa o nā mea ʻike i ke ʻano he nui, me ka pH. Mai kēia mea ke maopopo i ke kumu he pono ke nānā pono i nā ʻāpana wai i loko o ka hale ʻauʻa me ka iʻa mai ka Lake Malawi. Hoʻonui ka pōʻino o ka ammonia me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pH, no laila, ʻaʻohe mea e poina e hoʻololi i ka wai ma ka aquarium. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia mau koi, e hoʻomaka ka iʻa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa lōʻihi i nā loli i ka pH. ʻAuhau: 6-10 ° dH pH: 7.7 - 8,6 Hawa: 23 -28 ° C
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka iʻa me ke aloha. Maikaʻi loa inā ʻaʻohe ʻano o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka aquarium. I ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hiki i ka auratus ke launa me nā mbuns a me nā mea kino, inā ʻaʻole like lākou i ka nui a me ka kala. ʻAʻohe hihia e hoʻohui i kahi iʻa i ka aquarium i ka cichlids maluhia. Hele kūʻē aku ʻo Auratus i nā kāne o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ke kala me lākou. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi mau ʻano hou ke mbun ke hoʻohua a hiki i ka wā neʻe ʻia ʻo Melanochromis auratus mai ka ʻōlelo i loko o ka aku. Mālama ʻia ʻo Auratusov i kahi mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi kāne a me kekahi mau wahine. Inā loaʻa ka nui o ka aquarist i kekahi mau kāne, a laila kaua lākou i waena o lākou a hiki i hoʻokahi wale nō e koe. I loko o kahi mea kanu me ka nui o nā emi ma lalo o 500 lita, hiki iā ia ke hana no ka wahine kuʻuna e pepehi i nā kāne nāwaliwali. Ma ke ala, ulu pinepine ka wahine i ka manawa e ulu ai ka caviar i loko o ko lākou ʻōpū, a mākaukau lākou e hoʻolei. Ma nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻomaka e pepehi i nā wahine. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia, inā i loaʻa ka nui i ka nui o nā iʻa o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e hoʻēmi i ka huhū o Melanochromis auratus, pono ia e hoʻololi i kekahi mau wai i ka wai i loko o ka hale kaola i nā manawa he he i ka hebedoma.
Hōʻailona iā Auratus Cichlids
Melanochromis auratus hua maikaʻi ma ka noho pio ʻana. ʻO kēia cichlid, e like me nā mbuns he nui, kiʻi i ka ʻāina o ke kāne. I ka wā spawning, lilo ke kala o ke kāne i ʻōmaʻikaʻi loa. Noho nā wahine ma kahi o 40 mau huaʻai a hoʻopaʻa koke iā lākou i kā lākou waha a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. A laila hoʻoulu ka kāne i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kāne i ka sperm, hoʻopu ka wahine i kona waha a ua hoʻomau ʻia ka pipi aʻe. Ua hānau ʻia ka pālala ma hope o ʻekolu mau pule ma kahi mahana o 28 ° C. Hiki ke hānai i nā ʻō wai me nā hua ʻulaʻa a i ʻole nā meaʻai kūikawā no ka iʻa, no ka laʻana, artema nauplii. ʻO nā lā mua loa, e mālama ka wahine i kāna pēpē, e ʻae ana i ka pīkī huna e hūnā i ko lākou waha inā i pōpilikia. E maʻa wale aku ka maʻalahi no ka pēpē e ola a hiki i ka wā e ulu ai lākou, inā nui nā wahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke peʻe i kāu aquarium. ʻO ka maʻamau, i loko o ʻekolu mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o Auratus i ka lōʻihi o 2.5 centimeter.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o Melanochromis auratus
Melanochromis auratus (ʻ Latinlelo Latin: Melanochromis auratus) a i ʻole kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe ʻo ka inoa ʻo Golden Parrot - kekahi o nā cichlids pugnacious o ka Lake Malawi.
He aha ka mea maʻamau o ka auratus - ʻo ka wahine a me ke kāne ka poni ʻokoʻa, nā kino ʻeleʻele i nā melemele a me nā polani polani, a he melemele nā wahine a ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kāne kāne a me ka wahine auratus melanochromis gula
ʻO kēia kala a ka auratus melanochromis gula i maʻalahi ke ola no nā aquarists, me ka ʻike maoli ʻia ma kahi e hiki ai i kekahi ke pale aku i nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne.
ʻOiai e pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mau pūʻali gula wahine a he pūʻali koa paha.
Inā ʻaʻohe lau ia no kā lākou hoʻouka, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau wahine i hoʻokahi aquarium.ʻAʻole lākou paʻakikī loa, a i ka pau ʻana o nā kāne, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kala i ke kala o nā kāne, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano ua lilo lākou i kāne.
ʻO ka wahine ʻokuʻāina ke hoʻi i kahi kāne, a ʻo ke koena o ka wahine wahine mau ke kala maʻamau. ʻAʻole ʻilihua maoli nā mele, akā ke hoʻololi ʻia i ke kala ma lalo o ka wahine, ua lawe ʻia mai ka kaulana iā lākou e ke kala ʻulaʻula - ke gula me nā kāwele a me ka poloke.
ʻO nā iʻa ʻala gula i loaʻa i nā cichlids mua i ke kūʻai ʻia. No nā ʻohana o nā cichlids i kapa ʻia ʻo mbuna, aia kēia ʻohana he 13 mau ʻano ikaika a ulu ʻole.
No laila, ua kapa ʻia ka parrot gula cichlid i kapa ʻia i nā gula mbuna.
Mbuna, ma ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Malawi ʻo ia ka iʻa e noho ana i nā pali. Hōʻike maikaʻi loa kēia inoa i nā makemake i loko o ka home o ka auratus melanochromis gula, no ka mea ʻo ia pū kekahi iā lākou pū kekahi - iʻa i ka wai ākea.
ʻO Auratus melanochromis kahi iʻa paʻakikī e mālama ʻia, ʻaʻole kūpono no nā mea hoʻomaka. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau iʻa, ʻo ka poʻe kāne, he teritorial a me ka wiwo.
Hoʻomaka pinepine nā lāʻau aquarist i kahi iʻa ʻala gula, akā laila ʻike lākou ua make ʻo auratus i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i ka aku.
ʻAʻole ʻae i ka ʻae ʻo nā ʻōkelē gula i nā kāne a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e like me lākou i ka helehelena. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou nunui i ka nui, ka awelika o 11 cm, i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Kēlā kelepō a melanochromis auratus - ola i ke ʻano
ʻO Melanochromis auratus i wehewehe mua ia i ka makahiki 1897. He mea hope i ka Lake Malawi ma ʻApelika. Noho nō ia ma ke kahakai hema, mai ka kahawai a Yalo a hiki i Nkota Kota, a ma ke komohana ma ka Rocks Crocodile.
Loaʻa ka hapa nui ma nā wahi pōhaku. Ke kūlohelohe nei, hoʻokumu ʻia ka mbuna gula e nā ʻohana polygamous i kahi o ke kāne a me kekahi mau wahine.
Noho nā mōkele ʻole ʻole a noho a ʻo nā wahine wale nō, a i ʻole a i ʻole heihei i ka hui o ka iʻa 8-10.
ʻAi nā iʻa i kahi ʻala gula e ulu nui ana ma luna o nā pōhaku, e hōʻoki ana i nā wahi paʻakikī. E ʻai pū kekahi i nā mea inikini, nā ʻehā, plankton, pākī.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻōpala Pōʻala gula
ʻO ka melanochromis o auratus kahi kino elongated, ke poʻo poepoe, ke poʻo liʻiliʻi a me kahi pā dorsal elongated. ʻO ka iʻa momona gula i loaʻa nā niho pharyngeal i hoʻolālā ʻia e ʻokaʻoka i ka algae paʻakikī.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka mbuna gula e pili ana iā 11 cm, ʻoiai me ka ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi e hiki ke ulu hou aʻe. Hiki i ke gula melatuschromis ke ola e pili ana iā 5 mau makahiki.
Hānai
ʻO ke kūlohelohe, ʻai lākou i ka mea kanu mea kanu, no laila e luku lākou i nā mea kanu i kāu aquarium. ʻO nā mea paʻakikī wale nō, e like me anubias, loaʻa i ka manawa.
Ma ka i loko, hiki iā lākou ke hānai ʻia i nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻai. Akā ʻo ka ʻāpana nui o ka hānai e pono ke hānai me ka nui o ka makana o ka mea kanu.
Hiki iā ia ke hānai me ka spirulina, a i ʻole nā meaʻai kūikawā no nā cichlids o ʻAmelika, no ka mea, aia ka nui o lākou i ke kūʻai aku i kēia manawa.
Maʻa ka wai ma Lake Malawi, he nui nā minuke. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka loko ka nui a nui a me nā ʻano maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā i ka pH a me ka wela i loko. No laila ke kūpaʻa nei, he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi kēia i ka kiko o ka cichylid mbuna.
Pono ka wai o ka ʻike o ka auratus (6 - 10 dGH) me ka ph: 7.7-8.6 a me ka mahana o 23-28 ° С. Inā ʻoe e noho i kahi ʻāina me ka wai haʻahaʻa he nui, a laila no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī, no ka laʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi coral i hoʻohui ʻia i ka ʻāina.
I ke kūlohelohe, noho ʻo mbuna ma kahi wahi me ka nui o nā pōhaku i ka lalo a me ke one e like me ka lepo. I loko o ka hale kanu āu e pono ai e hōʻoluʻolu i nā kūlana like - i kahi ʻoihana, ka nui, nā pā a me ka wai alkaline.
I ka manawa like, ʻeli pinepine lākou i ka lepo, a hiki ke hali ʻia nā pōhaku. ʻAʻole hiki ke kanu i nā mea kanu i ka wā kanu, pono lākou i ka melanochromis wale nō e like me ka meaʻai.
E hoʻomaopopo i ka cichlids no Aferika a pau i ka wai me nā ʻōhua paʻa, maʻemaʻe a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi i ka oxygen hāmiʻe ʻia. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi kānana waho ikaika, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻoluʻolu, akā he kūlana kūpono loa.
Akuula
Hoʻomaka ka lono ʻimi no ke kanaka hoʻokahi a wahine paha mai ka 200 lita. Kahi haumāna mau mea heterosexual i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e alakaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka wahine. E mālama i kahi pūʻulu kāne a me nā wahine he nui i loko o kahi pahu o 400 l a i ʻole. Mai hoʻonoho i nā kāne ʻelua i ka pahu like.
Pālā wai wai
Kūleʻa | 23–28 degere |
Ka hua pH | 7–8,5 |
Pauoa | 10-15 dGh |
He kikowaena | Hiki i kahi ʻona o 1,0002. |
Hoʻopili i ka wai me 20-25% o ka huina o ka pule. E nānā i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wai no ka pū me nā pōʻino keu. E mālama e pale i ka wai pā. I ka pūnāwai, e hoʻohui i nā kūlana wai.
Kūlike
Mālama ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kahi aku kaawale, ka ʻokoʻa a me nā cichlids ʻē aʻe. Ua hui like lākou me ka mbuna a me nā mea kū'ē aʻe, akā he mea nui ke nānā aku lākou iā lākou i ke kino kino a me ka waihoʻoluʻu.
A i like ka like me ka iʻa, a laila hoʻomakeʻo ʻo ka auratus iā lākou. Ma ke alo o nā keʻena a me ka hale ʻoluʻolu nui, ʻaʻole lākou e make, akā e hoʻopaʻi mau ʻia lākou a ʻaʻole e hakilewa.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pālō gula i loko o ka harem i kahi kāne a me kekahi mau wahine.
Inā he kāne kāne ʻelua i ka papa aku, laila e ola wale nō kekahi. ʻOi aku ka wahine o nā wahine, akā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.
E like me nā poʻe iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ke koho i ka iʻa wikiwiki e noho ana i waena o nā papa waena a me nā papa o ka wai. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, nā ʻōpala o neon a i ʻole Sumatran barbs.
Hoʻohālikelike:
ʻO keʻano
He kino elongated ka iʻa, ke poʻo a puni, ka waha liʻiliʻi a me ka hopena dorsal lōʻihi. Hoʻohālikelike ia me ka hele ʻana o nā niho pharyngeal, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hōʻoki i nā algae paʻakikī.
ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ke kino auratus he 11 cm, akā i kekahi manawa, ma muli o ka mālama maikaʻi a me ka mālama pono ʻana, hiki i nā mea pākahi ke hiki i nā nui nui.
E noʻonoʻo i ka mea e pono ai ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka wā e mālama ana i ka auratus a pehea e hōʻoia ai i ka hōʻoluʻolu.
Nā Manaʻo a Aku Aku
E ʻoluʻolu ka iʻa i ka pahu pahu me ka wai paʻakikī a me ka pae o ka pH o 7.7-8.6, pono ka waena o ka mahana ma waena o 23-28 ° С. Inā maloʻo ka wai, pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i kona paakiki e ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻōpala i kālai ʻia i ka lepo. ʻO ka nui o ka mea kanu me ka liʻiliʻi o 200 lita.
Pono ka wai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ke hoʻonui i ka ʻikepili o ka oxygen i loko o ia mea. No laila, ʻoi ʻia e hoʻohana i kahi kānana o waho. Pono e aniani ka mālamalama - ʻaʻole i makemake ka parrot gula i ka pale.
Aloha ka wai maʻemaʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻololi i ka 20-50% o ka wai i hoʻokahi pule. ʻO ia kekahi o nā kumu nui no ka mālamaʻana iā lākou. E mālama pono i ka maka pono ma luna o ka pae o ka acidity i loko o kou kino wai, e like me kona mau waiwai kiʻekiʻe, make ka ʻōpala gula. Mai ka manawa aku, e nānā pono ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā pōpoki ma lalo loa o ka pākaula, me ka hiki iā lākou ke wāwahi.
ʻAiwi a me ke ʻano
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā iʻa o kēia ʻano ʻano e ka teritoriality a me ka hoʻouka ʻana. Loaʻa i ka poʻe Aquarists ʻaʻohe mauʻike i kekahi mau manawa a loaʻa iā lākou i loko o ka hale kaola maʻamau, a ma hope o ka manawa i ʻike ʻia aia wale nō nā pōpoki gula i koe. Ma nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe i like ʻole ʻia me lākou, e ʻike nā kāne a hoʻokūkū a hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau.
ʻAno hānau
I ka wā hoʻomaha, hoʻomaka ke kāne ikaika e alualu i ka wahine. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā hua he 40, e ʻō koke ai i kona waha. Ma laila ʻo ia e hōʻaiʻē ai iā 3 wiki. Eia hou: ʻoiai ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka moa, hoʻomau ka mālama o ka wahine iā lākou, a inā pōpilikia lākou, hūnā ʻo ia i nā pēpē i loko o kāna waha.
Olakino
I ka manawa pinepine, ua maʻi ka melanochromis i ka dropsy - he maʻi maʻamau kēia no ia. Me kaʻai kūpono ʻole, hiki i ka ulu ʻana ke ʻano he maʻi nui, ʻoi loa ka hanana inā nānā ʻia kahi mea kanu lāʻau. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa nā cichlids i nā maʻi like e like me ka nui o ka iʻa wai. ʻO ka hapa manawa ola ʻo auratus i 5 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka Golden Parrot he mea maikaʻi loa ia, akā ʻano ʻano ʻono. ʻAʻole kūpono ia no nā hoʻouluulu a me ka mālama ʻana e nā poʻe hoʻomaka, akā inā makemake ʻoe, e hahai ana i nā ʻōlelo a pau no ka mālama ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu a maʻamau a hoʻomālamalama ka poʻe o ka hale aku.
Hoʻolaulā
Ma ka pae lalo, ke kūlana:
- papala,
- hiʻu ʻōpala
- lei momi.
No kahi nohona kūpono, pono nā melanochromis i kahi nui o nā pale. Kahi i kahi pahu me ka auratus:
- nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea maoli,
- mau hua maʻi
- nā lua
- nā pālika palolo.
Mālama ʻia ka mālama wai i ka wai i loko o ka wai i loko o ka wai ʻauʻau. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i ka lalo me ka nalo o ka pōkahi pā.
ʻO ka pou i hōʻike ʻia e Nick (@nikolaysmolovoy) ma ʻOkakopa 13, 2015 ma 10:36 am PDT
Inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani i nā mea hoʻohālike, e hōʻoia i ka hopena o ka make i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wai a ʻaʻole e hoʻopōʻino i ka melanochromis. E mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana i nā pōhaku i lawe ʻia mai ke ala mai i ʻole e hōʻike i nā palaʻai i loko o ke kahe. No nā mea hoʻonani hale, e koho i ka lula no ka aquarium.
Mau lako hana
ʻO kahi hoʻonohonoho no ka auratus:
- Filter. E koho i kahi kānana maikaʻi. Ma waho e koho ʻia ma muli o ka mana nui.
- Compressor. Pono ia no ka hoʻopau ʻia o ka oxygen i ka wai, no laila ka hanu ʻo melanochromis.
- Pahu. Pono e mālama i ka mahana ʻoluʻolu i nā lumi anuanu.
- Naimoku. Pono ia i ke kauwela, i ka manawa e piʻi ai ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 28 degere. ʻO kahi ʻano hou aʻe o ka wai leʻa i hoʻolapalapa ʻia. Eia nō kekahi, ʻo ke ea kūlohelohe kōkua e kōkua.
- Pono kahi thermometer e nānā i ka mahana o ka wai. Kūkulu maoli kahi ʻōmole kūloko kūloko kūpono i kahi mahana.
Spawning
I ka wā ulu, ua hōʻike ke kāne i ka makemake i ka wahine. ʻO kahi wahine mākaukau no ka lawena lawaiʻa ʻana i loko o ke āpau o ke kanaka kāne. ʻO nā hua melonin he 40-100 mau huaʻai, kahi mehe auratus e hū ana i ka waha no nā pule he ʻekolu. Nānā nā mākua i ka palaoa ma hope o ka hatch; E hānai i ka pīkī me nā kalo nahplii brine, ʻoki ʻia me ka mea kanu ʻai. E nānā pono i ka wai maʻemaʻe.
Nā maʻi
I ka wai ʻilihune maikaʻi ʻole ma muli o ke kaomi mau, ka melanochromis i maʻalahi i nā maʻi.
- Kūkulu ʻo Malawi. Ka luhi ka iʻa, pau ka momona, a me ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohui ʻia ka maʻi me ka exfoliation a me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o ka iʻa. Hoʻopiʻi ka maʻi i nā lā 3, e alakaʻi ʻia ana i ka make o ka holoholona. Hana i ka iʻa me nā antibiotics.
- Ichthyophthyroidism (semolina). Hōʻike nā pala i ke kino o ke auratus i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā parasites. Hoʻopili ka mea maʻi i pili i nā mea hoʻonā, ka launa ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka hale kūʻai holoholona.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Iridovirus. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka waiu me ka iʻa maʻi, i lawe ʻia ma waena o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano like ʻole. Hana maikaʻi ʻole.
- Ka hoʻomāneʻe ʻana o Chlorine a me ka ammonia. Loaʻa i ka wai pā maʻa paha ka nui o ka chlorine, e hoʻopōʻino i ka iʻa. I loko o ka mea i mālama ʻia no ka wā lōʻihi, ʻo amonia ka mea e make ai. E hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻōla, hoʻololi i ka wai i nā manawa pinepine. Kōkua ke kōkua i nā maʻi wai.
- Kūmole. ʻO kahi maʻi make e kū mai ana i loko o kahi kaanakena me nā iʻa i maʻi ʻia. Hāpai ʻia ka pilerculosis i cichlids me ka deformation o ke kino, pau ka momona, ka pallor o ke kala a nā maka ʻula. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka mālama ʻana ʻo Kanamycin i nā wā mua. No 10 g ka meaʻai i ka 10 mg o ka lāʻau.
Aia ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai i ka nui o ka auratus.
Laulā cm | Mālama, rub |
3–4 | 115 |
4–6 | 360 |
6–8 | 620 |
8–11 | 715 |
Hoike Mai
Ua komo koke ʻo ia i ka melanochromis gula hou i ka aquarium. Makemake nā Aquarist e nānā i kēia cichlid. He hiʻohiʻona hoihoi a me nā ʻano maʻamau nā iʻa.
Loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa o nā paliona gula
He mea maʻalahi loa ia e hoʻokaʻawale i ke gula auratus melanochromis gula i ke kāne, akā hoʻi ma hope o lākou i ka wā ʻelemakule.
ʻO ke kapa kāne ʻeleʻele me ka poli a me ke kaula gula, a ʻo ke kino wahine hoʻi he lei gula me nā pupu ʻeleʻele.
I ka makahiki 69 mau mahina, ʻokoʻa ka ʻoni ʻo ke ʻano ʻōpala puaʻa kāne a me ka wahine. Inā waiho like ko ka wai maniani a me nā wahine like ʻole ke aniani ʻalani me ʻekolu mau ʻōpala (ʻelua ma ke kino a ʻo kekahi me ka hopena dorsal), a lailaʻeleʻele nā kāne a nalowale lākou i ko lākou yellowness.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hoʻokumuʻia ke kala o ke auratus melanochromis gula e 11-12 mau mahina. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne a me nā wahine e pili ana i 11-12 a me 9-10 cm, ma kēlā.
He ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ka auratus melanochromis kāne, a ma nā ʻaoʻao aia ʻelua mau ʻōniʻou-polū a palahalaha: laulā a kūliki, e holo like ana me kēlā me kēia, ke hoʻomaka lākou mai ka maka a i ka hopena ma ke kumu o ka hope caudal.
Hānau ʻia auratus melanochromis gula
Ke kūlohelohe nei, noho nā ʻōpala gula i loko o kahi wahi me ka lalo o ka pōhaku, i loko o kahi harem, kahi o nā kāne he mau wahine a me kona pae.
I ka wā o ka spawning, lilo ke ʻano melianichromis ke kane, ʻānō i ka wahine.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wahine kōlio wahine ma kahi o 40 mau huaʻai, a hoʻokomo koke ʻo ia ia i loko o kona waha, a hōʻiliʻili ke kāne. Hoʻokomo ʻo ka wahine wahine kuuna kime wahine i nā hua he ʻekolu pule.
A hoʻomau mau ʻo ia e mālama i ka moa ma hope o kā lākou hānau ʻana, e peʻe ana i loko o kona waha i ka pōpilikia. ʻO ka meaʻai hoʻomaka no ka palaoa auratus melanochromis gula he naupilia artemia.
Ke ulu mālie ʻo Malek, e hōʻea i ka nui o 2 cm i nā mahina ʻekolu, a hoʻomaka i ka pala ma waena o 6 a 9 mau mahina.