Wahi a Radik Khayrullin, he papahana hoʻihoʻi e kūleʻa ana i nā ʻano o nā holoholona kahiko, he pono maoli kekahi pono: “ʻO ke koho ʻana i kahi kīmeka no nā mea ʻepekema he mea hoʻokahi, a ʻo kekahi mea kuʻuna kekahi. Akā e lilo mau i ka mommoth, ʻaʻole ia ka mea i noho i 43 tausani mau makahiki i hala. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke keʻa me nā elephant, ʻaʻole kahi mākaʻikaʻi ia. "
Wahi a ke kikowaena nūhou Yakutsk-Sakha, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka poʻe ʻepekema nā kiʻi wale nō i ka DNA mai ke koko murmoth i mālama ʻia, akā e hoʻomākaukau no i nā ʻoina palupalu. "ʻAʻole mākou i manaʻo i kēlā mau hopena," wahi a Victoria Egorova, ke poʻo o ka hoʻonaʻauao hoʻonaʻauao hoʻonaʻauao a me nā ʻepekema lapaʻau o ka Medical Clinic o North-Eastern Federal University. - ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke kalikona, ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o 43 tausani mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i kahi kanaka i hoʻomoe i ka lepo no nā malama ʻeono. Ma kahi ʻaoʻao me nā pā maikaʻi kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ke koko he hemolized. Loaʻa mua nā loina koko ʻula i loko o lākou. Mālama pū ʻia ka ʻiʻo Adipose a me ka ʻiʻo ʻana i ka ʻiʻo. Aia nā ʻōhua migratory o ke kōca lymphoid i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia, he nani nō hoʻi. ”
Ua kāmele nā ʻepekema i ke anuanu ke kumu o kahi kumu no ka mālama maikaʻi loa i ke kupapaʻu o ka mammoth i loaʻa ma Yakutia - ke waiho ʻia ke kino no nā haneli he mau makahiki i permafrost. Eia kekahi, aia kahi hypothesis i ka koko mammoth i loaʻa nā waiwai cryoprotective e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke ola i nā mahana a hiki i -60 ° C.
Ua kapa ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ke koko mammoth i hōʻike ʻia i ka make ʻole o ka holoholona. "Ua make ʻo ia i ka ʻeha, a i hala ke mau hola 16-18," wahi a Radik Khairullin. "Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia ma ka kūlana o ke kino - ʻo ka ʻūhā ʻĀpana i hoʻākāka ʻole ʻia."
Wahi a nā kānakaʻepekema, ua hāʻule ka mammoth wahine i kahi lua hau, kahi e hiki ʻole ai iā ia ke puka i waho.
ʻO ka mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka mammoth ua lōʻihi ia i luna o ka honua ʻepekema. Ma nā haʻawina ʻo Yakut, ua hui pū ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema mai Lūkini e nā loea mai ka ʻāina ʻelima: ʻo Denemaka, United Kingdom, USA, Korea, a me Moldova.
ʻIke ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea ʻepekema Lūkini iā mākou e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o nā mea i make i kahi o 10 mau makahiki i hala.
Hāpau, ʻAʻole i ka Mammoth
Ke kanalua nei nā ʻepekema hana o ke kikowaena o nā hoʻokolohua, ʻoi aku ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka surrogate elephant.
"ʻO ka mea mua, pono ia e ʻike i kahi makuahine surrogate kūpono. Inā loaʻa ka mammoth, aia paha he bipi nui (ʻo ia ka ʻola nui a me ka biologically) akā naʻe, i kēia hana, ka hopena o ka nui i hiki ke lawe i ka hōʻole kūpono i ka hānau ʻana," i ʻōlelo ʻia ai ke institute.
ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka hopena o ka kūleʻa o kēlā hoʻokolohua ma mua o 1-5%.
ʻO ka mea nui ka mea nui o ka hiki ʻana o nā puʻupuʻu holomua a pau. "Inā he mau palena o loko o ka ʻōpala, a laila ua a maloʻo lākou. Akā, inā noʻonoʻo mākou i ka mea i hana ʻia i ka holoholona, ʻoiai inā he make mai ka hypothermia, e mau ana ka manawa ma kahi o ka palu e hoʻomoʻa ai," wahi a lākou. ʻepekema.
"Ma ka manaʻo e hiki mai ana i ka hapa o ka mea hoʻokahi he mau tausani, loaʻa nā nīnau kūpono. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka awelika hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea ola ma loko o hoʻokahi o nā haneli, a hoʻokahi wale nō ke kelepona o ka tausani he ola, pono e hoʻōla i ka mea o 100 tausani. mau cell, "wahi a lakou.
ʻO Charles Foster, kahi hoa i ke Green Templeton College, Oxford, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻokolohua.
"ʻO ka manaʻo no ka cloning mammoths he mea hoʻomākeʻaka ʻole ia. ʻO kekahi nīnau hou e pehea e ʻano ai nā embryo?" - Nā mea hana hakahaka.
ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā loina genry o ka embryo e hele mai iā ia mai ka mammoth, e lilo ka hapa mai ka hua o ka ʻlii.
"ʻAʻole mākou i ʻike pehea e pili pū ai kēia hihia endoplasmic me nā DNA ʻē aʻe," wahi a ka ʻepekema.
ʻO kēia ke hana a hiki i ka pōmaikaʻi, e paʻa mau kā clone, ʻaʻole ia he mammoth maoli.
E kāohi nā ʻepekema i nā ʻīlū huluhulu, a laila dinosaurs
Ua haʻi ka poʻe ʻepekema ma Harvard University i ka honua holoʻokoʻa a mākaukau lākou i ka makahiki ʻelua e hōʻike i ka lehulehu i nā mammoth "ola hou". Kaukuhi ʻO George Church, kekahi o nā mea noiʻi koʻikoʻi ma kēia kulanui kaulana, ʻae ʻo ke aʻo ʻana e hele hou ka mammoth i ka honua i nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha. Ke hana nei nā loea ʻo Harvard i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi embryo manuahi a me ka eleph India. I ka manawa like, e like me kā George Church hōʻoia, hana ke koʻokoʻo o kāna hui ʻepekema e hoʻomohala i kekahi ʻano kākana ʻokoʻa, pono e hoʻonui nui i ka kūleʻa o kēia papahana. A ma kahi kokoke aku, e hoʻokele nā poʻe ʻepekema i ke ala hou o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, me ka dinosaurs, "e hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i kā lākou ola o ka honua."
Pehea maoli kēia a inā paha i kekahi pono, nīnau ka Free Press i kahi ʻepekema kaulana, he lālā piha ʻo ia i ka pāpale paleontological ma ke Kulanui o ka ʻepekema Lūkini, he kumu aʻo ma VGI Alexandra Yarkova.
"Māmoli home-kūkulu"
He mea maopopo ʻole kēia mau molmoths i ka "ʻano maʻamau", akā he ʻano ʻano kālai ʻole. No laila, ua noi ʻia e nā ʻepekema ʻo Harvard no ka holoholona, ʻaʻole ia i kūlohelohe, akā no lākou e manaʻo ai e hana, i huaʻōlelo hou: "mammophant", ua hoʻohālikelike maoli - "mamoslon." ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻaʻole nā mea hana a Harvard e kanu i nā kōpio pua no ka lawe ʻana i kahi elephant, akā e ulu ai i loko o kahi ʻano o ka "ʻili kohu". Ke manaʻo nei ʻo nā mea ʻepekema Harvard e hana i kēia mau hana mana o ka ʻenekine genetic e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana CRISPR / Cas9. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻokolohua e hana i ka "mamoslon" ma 2015, a i kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema, kā lākou e hoʻomāhuahua i ka nui o nā huaʻehā o nā hua manu i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hua o ka elephant mai 15 a 45.
"ʻAʻole kēia ka manaʻo no ka ho'ōla o ka mommoth." No laila ke kīhū nei nā poʻe ʻepekema ʻAmelika i nā māka no lākou iho, - ua hōʻike ka paleontologist o Rūsia i nā kānalua no ka hiki ʻana o kēia papahana. ʻO Alexander Yarkov. ^ E Ha yM. - E like me ke kumu o Khoja Nasreddin mai ka ʻōlelo nane kaulana: "Inā e make ka sultan, a i ka hoki paha." ʻO ia: e hoʻopau lākou i ke kālā i hāʻawi ʻia, a inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokolohua nā hana he ʻumi mau makahiki i ka lālani, e poina nā mea āpau e pili ana i ia.
He aha nā hopena weliweli o ka lumi hoʻokele lewa i ʻōlelo ʻia, aʻo "SP"
"SP": - No ke aha lā ʻoe e kānalua nui ai i ka holomua o kēia ʻepekema ʻepekema?
- No ka mea, ʻaʻohe o lākou kumu kumu - ʻo ka mammoth DNA iho. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā kelepona o nā mammoth e loaʻa nei a hiki i kēia manawa ua hoʻopau ʻia e nā mea maʻi. Ua loli hou ke kuʻi ʻana o ke aniani mai ka wā i pau ai nā mammoths: nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona i weliweli, a laila paka hou. ʻAʻole lilo ʻo Permafrost i mau loa. Hiki iā ia ke aʻo i ka loko o nā loko o ka mommoth ma luna o nā mea i ʻike ʻia i hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia, akā hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale hou.
"SP": - Akā i kekahi manawa ma mua, ua hōʻike ka Lūkini Lūkini me kahi manaʻo ʻepekema e pili ana i ka mammoth i loaʻa ma Yakutia, kahi i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi poloka o ka hoka maoli i hiki ʻole iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka DNA mai kāna mau iwi ...
- ʻAe, akā he hihia kūikawā kēia. A eia kekahi nīnau: pehea e holo ai kēia DNA, hiki ke hana hou hou i ka ʻili. Eia hou, ʻike ʻia i ka honua "mammoth" holoʻokoʻa o ka honua i kēia manawa ma Rusia, a ʻaʻole i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻIke ʻia nā Mammoths ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e like me ka mau lio ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o nā Spaniards i ka ʻāina, akā, ʻo ka mau mommoths a me nā lio ʻekahi "mua ʻole i hāʻawi ʻia" make nui ma mua o 10 tausani mau makahiki i hala. Eia nō kekahi, ua hala loa nā mammoth ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma mua o nā mommoths ma kā mākou ʻāina, he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia e ʻike ʻia. No laila, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā poʻe ʻepekema ʻAmelika loaʻa ka DNA āpau.
"SP": - No ke aha i make koke ai nā mea mamm? ʻLelo lākou ua loaʻa nā meaʻai ʻokoʻa pinepine i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā ʻōpala paʻa.
- ʻAʻole lākou make i ka make koke mai. Ke ʻae nei ka poʻe nui o nā ʻepekema koʻikoʻi i kēia lā: ua luku ʻia ka poʻe e nā mammoth i ka wā o ka Ice Age. He mea ʻai ʻia kekahi mea! ʻOiai aia ka manaʻo o ke ola ʻana o kekahi mau mommoths i ka moʻomeheu keleawe, akā naʻe ʻaʻole kēia i hōʻoia i hoʻokahi hōʻoia. No ke aha lākou i ʻike ai i nā meaʻai ʻaina ʻole i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā mammoths maʻamau i nalowale maoli, hiki ke maopopo. Ua kiʻi ʻo Cro-Magnons i nā lua nui e hopu ai i ka pala. Ke komo nei i loko o ia lua, hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai me ka pulupulu o ka hau, ke wikiwiki loa ka mammoth i ka make, inā ʻaʻole ka poʻe lawaiʻa e ʻimi i ka manawa, a ʻai hoʻi. ʻO kekahi manawa hāʻule nā mommoths mai nā pali: ʻaʻohe palekana mai kahi ʻino. No ke aha i manaʻo ʻia ai ua lilo nā mommoths i kahi o 10 mau makahiki i hala? Ua ʻike iho wau i nā kanu kupapaʻu piha, nā pala o ko lākou mau iwi i nā pūnaewele ʻo Cro-Magnons, i hala ai kahi 10,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei. ʻO kēia kekahi, wahi paha kekahi, kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā kūlanakauhale i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi manawa e ola ai ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Ma ka pae kaʻa, aia nō he 8000 mau makahiki, ʻaʻohe ʻōpio mammoth: ua hala wale lākou, ʻoiai ka noho ʻana o ka moʻomeheu o nā kānaka ma ka pae like like - nāiʻu silika a me nā koʻi.
"He kūʻiʻo nā DNA mai nā iwi dinosaur"
"SP": - Inā paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka DNA mammoth holoʻokoʻa, pehea e hiki ai i nā mea ʻepekema ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ko lākou mau manaʻo e clone dinosaurs?
- He wahaheʻe kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo! K lilo ʻia nā Dinosaurs ma kahi o 65 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻĀnana i ka iwi, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 tausani mau makahiki, ua hala ʻole. No laila, hikiʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka DNA mai nā iwi dinosaur! ʻO wau iho nō wau i loaʻa i ke koena o kahi mososaur i loko o ka kūlana maikaʻi loa. Hoʻokahi like kona mau iwi me ke anuanu, akā naʻe ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo ia i kēia mea. ʻAi ʻia nā hāmima āpau i kēlā mau iwi kahiko i kēlā me ke anā, a, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole ia he iwi, akā he pōhaku. No ka mea ua kapa ʻia lākou he "fossils."
Hoʻokumu nā mākaʻi i nā wānana pehea e hoʻopakele ai nā mea hoʻolimalima i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ko lākou mau kaʻa
"SP": - Akā makemake paha ʻoe iā ʻoe e hoʻolama i ka mammoth ola, e nānā i nā dinosaurs i loko o kahi paka Jurassic maoli?
"ʻOiaʻiʻo makemake wau." Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka bison a me nā lio ʻo Przhevalsky, aia ma ka palena o ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia lā, i kēia lā mālama iā lākou: ke mālama nei lākou i ka lehulehu. Aka, he mau iwi ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia i noho i kēia lā. Akā no ka mea e hiki ke hoʻi hou i nā holoholona i hala ma o ka DNA, ʻO wau he mea ʻepekema i kānalua. Mālama mākou e mālama i kēlā me nā holoholona i hala mau ʻia ma ka honua nei! Ke nānā aku nei ʻoe: aia i ka kenekulia 20, ua luku loa nā kānaka i ka ʻīlio Tasmania, nā pipi ʻo Steller a me nā holoholona he nui a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā haneli o nā mea ola a me nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kai e make ai no ka hana a ke kanaka. I koʻu manaʻo: hana Helu 1 ka mālama i nā mea i kēia manawa ma ka honua Honua. A i kēia hana, mahalo nui wau i nā hana a ka mea kākau a me ke kanaka kūlohelohe Gerald Darrell, nāna i hoʻonohonoho i kahi māka ma Jersey, ʻo Channel Channel, ʻano kūikawā i ka mālama a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i nā holoholona līlū a me ka hopohopo e hana ai i nā iwi kūlohelohe o kēia mau ʻano. Eia ke ala a mākou e lawe ai!