ʻOiai i ka wā kahiko, i ka wā he wai inu nui ka meli i mālama i nā maʻi 100 a kāpae i ka wā kahiko, ua mālama pono ʻia kona koho. Hoʻokumu ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i kona ʻano, ʻo ka poʻe Helene i manaʻoʻiʻo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka lawena o ka meli.

Nā poʻe hoʻolaha a me nā hoa kūʻē o ka manaʻo kumu o ka hoʻomanaʻo meli

ʻO ka manaʻo hoʻohālikelike kekahi o nā huahana e hoʻomanaʻo nei ʻaʻole he mea huna. Hoʻomaopopo koke i nā hoʻokolohua ma ka wai, ka mea i hōʻoia ai he hiki ke "hoʻomanaʻo." Akā he melemele kahi hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo, a he loli maikaʻi paha kahi neʻe?

Hāʻawi ka poʻe kākoʻo o ka meli i ka meli i kēia ʻōlelo kūʻē i ke ʻano o kā lākou kumumanaʻo: ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka meli i ka wai i ke ʻano o nā meli, ʻaʻole ia he hanana, akā, he hōʻike kūpono no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo i kēia huahana.

Ua pili nā mea hoʻohono o ka moʻolelo i ka meli i ka noiʻi a Benard a me ka ʻike hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi e hele mai ana i ka wā i hui ʻia ai ka meli me ka wai puna a ua kapa ʻia nā "Benard cells". I ka manawa like, hiki i ka meli ke loaʻa i kahi ʻano o ke ʻano (ʻoi aʻe ka haʻahaʻa), akā ma ka wai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi hiʻohiʻona nui e like me ka waihona meli.

Maikaʻi pono ia ʻike ua maopopo lākou e pili ana i ka meli "maoli" a pehea e hana ai i ka wā kahiko. No laila, i ka hale kupapaʻu o Tutankhamun (XII kenekue SM. E.) i loaʻa i kahi pahu me ka meli, ʻaʻole ia e nalowale i kona ʻano.

He aha ka manaʻo hoʻomanaʻo o "nā nectar o nā akua"

Ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo genetic ka mea hiki ke hana i kahi mea a me ka mea ola e hana ai i nā hana a lākou e hana ai i ka ola maoli, akā ma ka pae genetic, "hoʻomanaʻo" ua hele. Loaʻa ka hoʻomanaʻo pono genetic i nā pēpē e hiki ke noho ma ka wai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i aʻo kekahi i kēia iā ia.

ʻO nā poʻe ʻōlelo o ka manaʻo e hiki ai ke meli ke hoʻomanaʻo, haʻi ke ʻano o kēia huahana, i ka wā i hui pū ai me ka wai, me he mea lā, "hoʻohālikelike" i kahi i lawe ʻia mai ai - nā meli meli.

Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi: ka linden maʻemaʻe, a me ka pōkole a i ʻole kekahi momona ʻē aʻe "ʻaʻole ia e honi ma ke kānāwai. O ka bee e ʻohi ana i nā nectar, ʻaʻohe, a no laila e noho "ʻaʻole ma luna o ka linden." No laila, ʻae ʻia ka lehulehu o 30% o hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi ʻāpana i hāʻawi ʻia i ka meli "ʻo kāna inoa".

Hoʻomanaʻoʻo biological

Hoʻāʻo pinepine nā Beekeepers e hāʻawi i nā wehewehe like ʻole no ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka ola a me ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka meli. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa o kēia mau manaʻo. Kēia, hoʻokahi a me ia mau ʻano like, hoʻokahi wale nō a i ʻole kēia 'ōlelo e pili i ke ʻano a me nā wahi o ka hoʻohana.

Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi nā ʻelele o nā hana ʻelua i nā mea a Benard cell: nā pisika me nā beekeepers. ʻO ka mea hope, ʻike e pili ana i nā "cell", hana lākou i kā lākou pono e mālama i kā lākou mea kūʻai aku i ka pōʻeleʻele i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, no ka mea, ʻo ke ʻano o ke kūʻai aku ma luna ona. ʻO ka moemoea ka hapanui o ka poʻe beekeepers i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka maʻi makika i waena o nā mea kūʻai, ma nā helu ʻelua he mau ka hoʻohālike me ka meli a me ka wai anuanu, manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomanaʻo genetic o ka meli.

Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona kino

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i ka meli ke "pena i kona hale" ma ka wai anuanu, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo genetic, ʻaʻole ia e kū i kekahi mau ʻōlelo hōʻino mai ke kaiāulu ʻepekema, a he ʻano maʻamau. I ka makahiki 1900, ua wehewehe ka mea kahakaha Farani 'o Henry Claude Benard i ka mea kikoʻī i ke ʻano o nā mea e hoʻomehana ai, ma ke ʻano he hexagons maʻamau. He maʻalahi ka wehewehe: inā mālama ʻia nā wai wai ʻole a hoʻonaninani paha, e piʻi aʻe nā kulu mahana, a maloʻo hoʻi nā mea anuʻu, ma muli o ke ʻano he makana maʻamau i loaʻa ma lalo. (ʻO nā mea momona ma ka wai kaomi kahi hōʻike ma kēia.)

I mea e kū hoʻokahi ai nā selona Benard, ʻaʻole pono ka meli, ka ʻaila a me ka ʻaila ʻole, ma ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea wai, ʻike wai ʻole.

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pono kahi kaʻina e hoʻokau i ka lako, e lawa ke hana i nā neʻe pihi i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao no kekahi mau kekona a kū iā.

He mea kūpono kēia: ma ke kūlohelohe pinepine nā hanana o ka hōʻike ʻana o nā selela Benard, no ka laʻana, ma ke ʻano o ka puʻu luaʻi ma luna o ka pele ʻōlaʻa, hiki ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hexagons maʻamau.

Pehea e ʻike ai i nā nela Benard

Hoʻohana ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku meli me ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka meli a me ka wai i ka mea i hoʻokō ʻia i ke makahiki, kahi e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e nānā i ka maikaʻi o ka meli, kona ʻano maoli.

ʻO kahi koho, "spring"

I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka "ʻoiaʻiʻo" o ka meli, pono ʻia ka wai puna, no ka mea ua nui nā mea hao a me nā paʻakai ma mua o nā kaʻaina. Pono pono e hoʻopiha i kahi kīʻaha hohonu a pā paha e pili ana i ka hapalua o ka wai o ka wai anu wai puna, a laila e hoʻohana i kahi pipette e waiho i nā liʻiliʻi (ma hope o kekahi) a i ka wai a kali. Ke pālahalaha nei ka ʻaoʻao o ka wai, ka meli a kahi melemele ʻulaʻula, i like ia me ka meli.

Ke koho ʻelua, maʻalahi

No kēia hoʻokolohua, pono ʻia ka 2-3 punetēa o ka meli wai a ma kahi o 250-300 ml o ka wai anuanu. E ninini i ka lalo o kahi ipu pāpaku me ka meli, a laila hoʻomoʻi mālie i ka wai, ma hope o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kaomi ʻana i ka ipo ma kahi kikoʻī hoʻokahi minuke. ʻO nā mea i kapa ʻia nā "Benard cell" e hoʻomaka e kū hou i ke kaʻina ʻana o ka ʻili ipu, no ka Lawe ka meli i ke ʻano o ka meli ma kahi kokoke i ka wai anuanu.

ʻAʻole ke koho kaulana loa

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka "meli" ma ka wai me ka meli inā e ninini ʻoe i ka meli liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka ipu koni a ninini i ka wai i kahi pālākē e pili ana i ka 1: 1, ma hope o, me ka hoʻomoʻe ʻana, e kau i ka wela haʻahaʻa. Hoʻomaka i nā papala lalo e hoʻomoʻi a kū aʻe, e neʻe ka maloʻo i lalo, e hopena ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia o nā hexagons maʻamau. Akā naʻe ʻaʻole kēia ma ka loina miki meli.

Ua hāʻawi i nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka pane pane loa i ka nīnau inā he ʻano a heʻiʻo paha paha ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka loiloi o ka meli. Aia nā kuleana ʻelua i ke ola. A hoʻoholo nā mea a pau e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka mea ʻole.

ʻOiaʻiʻo a ʻōlelo ʻole?

Nui nā ʻano o nā wasps a loaʻa ʻole kekahi o lākou i ka meli i kā lākou hives. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ʻole ke hui ʻia ke kiʻi i loaʻa i ia ʻano "loaʻa" i ka pua o aspen ma ke kaapuni o Ukraine, Russia, a me nā wahi e pili kokoke ana. ʻO ke kumu no kēia ka kūpono kūpono ʻole a me ka nele o kēlā mau ʻano o nā pepeke hiki hiki i ka meli ke hana. Ua kaulana ia no kekahi mau meli o nā ʻano Polybiinae Occidentalis noho ʻia ʻo Mekiko a me ʻAmelika Hema.

Hoʻopili ʻo Polybia Occidentalis i kahi nui o ka meli i loko o kāna mau hives. ʻO kēia waiwai o ke kala melemele i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā kahiko a aia i kēia manawa nā poʻe ʻōiwi e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika. ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mokulele kekahi o nā hana kahiko o nā ʻohana Mekiko a me ʻAmelika Hema. Eia kekahi, ua kahiko loa ʻo Polybius no laila ka manaʻo e ʻai i ko lākou meli i ka poʻe noho i mua o ka mea hoʻokipa ma mua o ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoulu i nā pi.

No ke koena, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā kikoʻīlima o nā pepeke he ʻano ʻano, he hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke kali i ka meli mai o lākou, no ka mea ua hāʻawi wale lākou i ka ʻai no lākou i ka hoʻoilo. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e manaʻo ia mea mai nā kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā māla e lele ana ma luna o ko mākou mau ʻāina kamaʻāina. ʻO ka meli a i ʻole ka "pīpī" i kā lākou huhū he hopena o ka hōʻiliʻili nectar. ʻOhiʻohi lākou i nā nectar liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā pi, ʻo ka hapanui e ʻai wale ana iā lākou a ʻaʻole ʻohi i ka hōʻiliʻili. Akā e loaʻa ana ʻo Polybius i ka meaʻai no ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ia ke kumu ke kumu nui o ka meli o kēia ʻano.

Nani ka meli ʻo ka Wasp honey. Akā, ʻo nā enzymes e hāʻawi i ko lākou momona i nā pi, ʻaʻole lākou i ulu. Ma ke ala, kamaʻilio nā pi me kekahi i kekahi "ʻōlelo" koʻikoʻi i loko o ke kaʻe o kahi kelepona neural. ʻAʻole hana ka poʻe wasps i kēia mea like, a ma ka pae e hoʻomohala ai i kahi kauoha o ka nui ma lalo o nā ʻohana pili ikaika. No laila, ʻaʻole i noho ka manaʻo o ka "honey wasp" e like me nā Slavs a hiki i kahi noiʻi hou ʻana o kēia ʻano mea hihiu.

He aha ka hana a lākou e pāʻani ai?

ʻOiai ka nui ʻole o ka meli, he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nui loa i ka manu. Hoʻohana lākou i nā ulū pest e hānai i kā lākou hua. No laila, nāu ʻo nā pepeke a pili a aloha ʻia e nā mea he nui i hana maikaʻi ʻia no ka māla a kanu i nā mea kanu. No ka ia laia, he eli a i ole earthen wasp ka enemi ino loa o ka bea a me kā lākou puʻuku. I mea e huki ai i kēia mau ʻalani i ka māla, nā mea kanu nā mea kanu e kanu i nā mea kanu a puni ka puni o ka māla.

Mālama maikaʻi nā ʻao o nā ʻAmelika - ua luku ikaika lākou i nā kumulāʻau o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Eia kekahi, pāpaʻi, nosy, pepa a me nā kumulāʻau nui e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i ka māla o nā māla, nā lau kolo, nā pelu, nā cicadas a me nā pīpī. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, loaʻa i kahi pōʻino pōmaikaʻi nā hua maoli, nā hua, a, no laila, e hāʻawi aku i kahi kanaka i ka nui o nā pono.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ka hana a kēia mau mea i ka hana koho koho ma mua o nā pi, no ka mea he ʻokoʻa kā lākou hana kūlohelohe. Akā ʻo ka ʻili, ʻo ka mea a ka poʻe makaʻu e ʻoi aku nei i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka piʻu, ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino. Ma ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i nā kānaka, ʻaʻole kahi mamao loa o ka pīhoihoi. Hōʻike mau ʻia ka pōkoni leo i ka hopena tonic, no laila no laila makaʻu loa ʻoe inā e pili ka wasp. ʻO kahi helu pōpilikia o nā huki no ke kanaka e kū i 20.

Kuhi 1: nā huahana beekeeping he mau allergens ikaika.

ʻO nā huahana momona āpau, ʻo ka makaʻu nui ka meli, kahi i kuhi ʻia ʻole ʻia he allergen ikaika. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i kahi allergy ke hoʻopuka meli a hiki i nā hale o nā mea aloha o kēia mālama. ʻO ke kumu o kēia hopena i ka huahana ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka kemika o ka honi meli, a i ʻole, i kona ʻae ʻia. Hiki ke hopena i kahi maʻi kūlohelohe inā he cane sugar, nā lāʻau kele, nā mea kanu a me nā kaola i loko. Hōʻike kēia hiʻohiʻona i kahi meli hoʻopunipuni.

ʻAʻole ma kahi o ka allergy e hoʻohana ana i ka meli maoli no ka huahana ponoʻī, akā, na ka pollen i loaʻa i loko, no laila, i ka hapanui, nā poʻe e maʻi ana i ka maʻi mauʻu ka maʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻo kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole pili pono i kēlā me kēia, no laila e hāʻawi ʻia i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka meli i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili e nānā a kali ai. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hilahila kūʻokoʻa iā ia iho, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka e hoʻohana i ka meli iki o ka liʻiliʻi, me ka hoʻonui mālie i ka dosage i loko o ka pākau i kēlā me kēia lā.

ʻO ka pīniu puaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka pollen pua i mālama ʻia me nā enzyme o ka bee, lilo ia i ʻole ʻonaʻū i ka poʻe maʻi alerē ma muli o ke kaʻina hana. Ma hope o ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana i ka pi me ka hoʻōla o ka lactic acid fermentation, i ka manawa o ka pollen ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka manu pi, lilo ka hua pīhoihoi hypoallergenic. Kuhi maʻa lākou ʻaʻole i kahi hopena a me nā huahana bee e like me ka jelly aliʻi, drone homogenate, bee subpestilence, tincture o ka wili māla. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe he propolis a me nā huahana i kau ʻia ma muli o ia mea, akā, ʻo nā maʻi kūlohelohe i kēia lem bee ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pollen. He mea nui ia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi papa holoʻokoʻa no ka lawe ʻana i kahi huahana bee e hoʻokō i kahi hōʻike liʻiliʻi no nā maʻi kūlohelohe e like me ke kānāwai i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā lawe liʻiliʻi.

Kuhi 2: neʻe koke ka waiwai o nā huahana beekeeping i kā lākou mau mea pono ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana mai ka hive.

E like me ka nui o nā moʻolelo, loaʻa i kēia ʻepekane kāna kuleana pono. Hoʻomaka ka hapa nui o nā huahana piʻina i kā lākou waiwai ma waho o ka wahi hive. ʻOkoʻa kēia no ka jelly aliʻi, ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī o ka hōʻiliʻili wale nō, akā ia e mālama ai ma ke ʻano no ka mālama ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā waiwai pono. Hoʻopaʻ pinepine pinepine nā huahana Bee e pili ana i nā kūlana o ke kaiāulu, no laila, ʻo nā mea like e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ko lākou ʻano:

• kūle mahana
• haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe
• e ke ea
• e hoopilikia i ka ea, a pela aku.

Ua loa i loaʻa nā beekeepers loea i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻokaʻawale no kēlā me kēia huahana piʻi. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana me kēia mau mana e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka hapa nui o nā mea hōʻola no 1-2 a ʻoi paha paha mau makahiki, e pili ana i ka huahana.

Kuhi 3: nā huahana beekeeping o ka hopena o ka hana o nā pi

He mea maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i nā pi no ka nui o nā huahana bee e nui i ko lākou pono. Kūkulu ʻia kēlā mau "hōʻuluʻulu" i nā iniseti ma ke ʻano o ka hana like ʻole e ke ʻano iho. No laila, he hewa ia i ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua hoʻohana wale nā ​​beekeepers i ka hana bee. ʻAʻole kahi mea mālama puaʻa e lawe pio aku i nā pi. ʻAe, ʻaʻole ʻo kēlā me kēia beekeeper alakaʻi i nā loina kūpono a me ka hopohopo e pili ana i nā mau meli e like me nā mea ola, akā ʻo nā mea pīhoihoi ka ʻimi i nā pono kūlohelohe wale nō ka mea e koi ʻia ai ka nānā ʻana i nā kūlana ola ma ka hive, e kōkua ana i ka hana nui o nā pi. Inā, no ka laʻana, lawe ʻoe i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka nui i ʻimi ʻia i ka meli mai nā pua, ʻaʻole i ola ka poʻe o ka niō i ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ia no kēlā me ka beekeeper. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka waiwai nui o nā huahana beekeeping waiwai e hōʻohi wale ʻia inā ʻaʻole i hōʻiliʻili nā beekeepers i nā hua kō. No ka laʻana, nalowale nā ​​neʻe i kekahi o nā polu piʻi i ʻili ʻia, e hoʻāʻo ana e pīʻīwī ʻia i loko o nā ʻili kūwaho o ka komo ʻana i ka hive Mahalo i nā beekeepers a me ko lākou mau ʻikepili puʻu, hele aku kēia mau surpluses a kūʻai ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana no ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale.

Kuhi 4: hiki ke kūʻai wale ʻia nā huahana piahi ma nā apiaries.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai pololei ʻana i nā huahana beekeeping ma ke ahi paha, loaʻa ka manawa kūpono e kamaʻilio me ka beekeeper a nīnau iā ia i kāu mau nīnau a pau, akā ma ka hihia nō hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai aku i nā huahana mai nā beekeepers hilinaʻi āu i ʻike mua ai a hiki ke hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana. I nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka maoli o nā huahana i kūʻai ʻia. No ka hōʻoia pono o ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana bee i loko o nā hale kūʻai loea hiki ke hoʻolako i kā lākou poʻe kipa me nā mea kūpono a pau a me ka hopena epidemiological a me nā palapala hōʻoia.

Kuhi 5: nā huahana beekeeping nā lāʻau

He nui nā huahana o nā huahana o ka beekeeping no nā maʻi hōʻola, no laila ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ke koho i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻOiai ke hōʻoia ʻia o ka maikaʻi o nā huahana bee i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole, ʻike ʻia lākou nā meaʻai lawelawe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo nā huahana e hoʻohana ʻia ana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻana i ke kino a hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi. Hoʻokumu kūloko nā huahana o ka beekeeping i ke kino, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana o ke ʻano ke kūleʻa i ka maikaʻi a pili pono i nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino. No nā kumu mālama, ʻoi aku ia e hoʻohui i ka hoʻokipa ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka a me nā huahana beekeeping. E hoʻomaikaʻi nui i kēlā ʻano aʻoaʻo i kāu hoʻōla a kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻōla ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau.

Hana anei nā wīwī i ka meli? Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola pepeke

ʻO nā mea kīpili a me nā meli nā hoahānau pili pili kokoke loa, no ka mea, he poʻe nā huaʻōlelo o nā pepeke stalk-bellied. He ʻeleʻele a me ka melemele nā ​​ʻano a ʻelua. Hoʻohā like lākou i ka ola ʻana: hānai lākou i ka nectar a me ka wai o nā hua momona, e hana nei i kahi mea nui i ka wā koho ʻana o nā mea kanu. He kūlohelohe, he nīnau kekahi ke nīnau: hana anei nā make i ka meli e like me ka meli?

E hiki anei i kahi pipi ke hana i meli?

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Wasps ma kahi o 11 mau ʻohana o nā iniseti weliweli. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.ʻO ka pane i ka nīnau, inā hāʻawi ka meli i ka meli, he hapa wale nō i ka hōʻoia. Hana nō kekahi mau mea like ʻole o kahi huahana like ʻole, nā ʻokoʻa ʻole mai ka piʻoloke kahi maʻamau o nā kānaka a pau.

Hiki i nā mea ʻaluhi ke hoʻohua i ka meli i loko o nā ʻāina wela. No laila, ʻaʻole honi maoli ka hives o nā mea e noho ana ma luna o ka ʻāina ʻo Lūkia, Ukraine, Belarus a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe a puni ka mokulele.

Māʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻuʻuku o nā wasps. He lawa wale ka nui o ka nui no ka hānai ʻana i nā kānaka i ka hives, ʻaʻole pono hoʻi e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kāleka nui o ka meli. ʻOi nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole he meli ia e like me ia. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā lau pharyngeal o ka wasp, ʻaʻole like me nā pi, ʻaʻole hoʻolako no ka hana ʻana o nā enzyme kūikawā, ma muli o ka loli o ka nectar i loko o kēia huahana waiwai nui ma o ke kaʻina hana ʻōhua.

ʻOka wona

Ua ʻike ʻo ʻepekema e pili ana i ʻelua mau ʻano puna manu i hiki ke hana i kahi nui o ka meli e like me ka hoʻokō waiwai.

1. ʻO Polybia Occidentalis mai ka ʻohana Vespidae. Noho ia ma Mexico, kekahi mau'āina o Central a me South America. Ua hoʻohua ia i ka meli ma mua o nā ʻano like manu ʻē aʻe, e hana ana i nā mālama i nā hives. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he like ia me ka nectar. He pono pono no ka mālamaʻana o nā pākeke a me nā huaʻi a o ka Polybia Occidentalis i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hoʻolālā. Ua ʻike ʻia e nā ʻohana kūloko o nā India i nā hana ʻōpiopio i nā ululā pōmaikaʻi e ʻoliʻoli ma kēia meli. He hana paʻakikī kēia a paʻakikī, no ka mea, ʻo ka meli o ka honi e pale i kā lākou hives mai ke komohewa ʻana.
2. Brachygastra lecheguana, a i ʻole waspona kūloko Meksiko (i ka palapala Pelekane - Mexican Honey Wasp). ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā pākeke he 1 cm. Hoʻopau lākou i nā nests pepa i nā lei o nā kumulāʻau, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ka lapalapa o nā ʻūlū o 0.5 mau. ʻOiai ke inoa, ʻaʻole lākou i noho wale ma Mekiko, akā aia hoʻi ma nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema, i ka Brazil wale nō. Ke hoʻohana nei nā poʻe kamaʻāina e noho ana i ke kua'āina i ko lākou meli no ka meaʻai. Ka ʻokoʻa ma ka nalo meli ʻole.

Hana ʻia nā nect pepa mai nā pepa i hana ʻia e ka inika ʻo lākou iho. No kēia, pipi ʻo nā kahu manu, e ʻoluʻolu me kā lākou lawaiʻa me nā mea pili.

ʻO nā punawai meli nā mea kahiko loa mai kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻike. Aia lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi kahi kaʻina haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā pi. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili o ko lākou honi e nā ʻohana ʻAmelika ʻAmelika mai ka wā kahiko mai he ʻano ʻano ʻāʻuku o ke ʻākoakoa a me ka hana mua i ka mālama ʻana i ka lele ma ke ʻano o kēia au. Akā i kēia lā i loko o nā kumulāʻau o Central a me ʻAmelika Hema e hiki i kāu e ʻike ai i nā poʻe e ʻike i ka mea ʻono honeyle e like.

Hiki paha ke ʻai i ka meli melem?

ʻO ka honu Wasp kahi i hui ʻia ai ka polū a me ka nectar me kahi kūlike pālahalaha me kahi mea ʻala maikaʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia a me nā mea momona maikaʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea hihiu, e like me nā meli, pollinate pua kanu, ke koho ʻana i ka poʻe i kahi e kū ʻole mai ka hive. No laila, ʻo ka ʻono o ka meli mai kēlā me kēia meahana e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i kahi kanaka.

Maikaʻi ʻo ka meli ʻo ka Wasp, no ka mea loaʻa nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole. Akā i kona waiwai, me ka kānalua i ka pīhoihoi, no ka mea, i loko o kona ʻano, ʻaʻohe ʻōmaʻomaʻo kūikawā. Ke ʻole o kēia mau mea, haʻalele koke ka meli i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona: pau ka ductility a hoʻomaka ka hana crystallization. Akā, ʻoiai kēia, kūpono ia no ka ʻai ʻana.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke kekahi kanaka i ka meli meli i ka ʻokoʻa me ka wasp. Ua like ka huahana e like me nā nectar i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā mea kanu kanu.

He aha nā mea wasps no?

I ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea nāna e hana meli - nā meli a i nā ʻōpala paha, ʻaʻole pono e noʻonoʻo kekahi i ka mea i hala. E like me ka hapanui o nā ʻelele o ke kino, komo lākou i nā hana kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi, e kōkua ana e mālama i kahi kaulike kūlohelohe a kūlike i ka honua.

Ka pōmaikaʻi o kahi wasp he:

1. Pākaʻi pale. ʻO ka lole o nā wasps e hānai ai i nā koikoi o nā pōpoki like ʻole, me ka lāʻau a me ka mahiʻai. ʻO kekahi ka manaʻo, ʻo ka earthen wasp ka ʻeha ʻawa ʻawa loa o kahi bear, e hōʻea ai i kahi hōʻino ʻole i ka pae ʻāina. Kūkulu nui nā māla ʻike me nā mea kanu a me nā kumulāʻau ma nā wahi a puni o ka perimeter e hiki ai i kēia mau mea ʻeleʻele a me ka melemele.
2. ʻO nā manu e ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻohe he nui e hoʻopau i nā ʻōpū.
3. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe (nosy, pepa, etc.) e luku i nā ʻano pōpoki āpau, me nā kuʻi, nā lele, nā cicadas.
4. ʻO ka hana nui o nā wasps i ka holoholona hihiu ʻo ka hoʻomaloi ʻana i nā mea kanu kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai nā pepeke manu nectar maikaʻi.

ʻAʻole makemake nā kānaka i ka wasps no ka mea ʻehaʻeha ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka huhū a me keʻulaʻula o ka ʻili a me nā kiko. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ko lākou venom me nā meaʻala me ka bee venom, a 20 mau pōpoki i ka wā pōkole ka manawa e waiho ai kahi pōpilikia. Eia naʻe ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau inikua ke hoʻouka i ka poʻe ma kā lākou ponoʻī. Hoʻohā pinepine ʻia kēia mea inā he hana hoʻoweliweli i ka hive, poʻi kona mau lima a hoʻopā paha i kahi wasp. Ma ka hahai ʻana i nā hana palekana maʻalahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale iā ʻoe iho mai nā kumulāʻau leʻaleʻa.

Hāʻawi nā hāʻawi i nā meli

Hiki ke pane maikaʻi i kēia nīnau wale nō me ka mahalo i nā mea ulaula e pili ana i nā ʻano lāʻau 2 e noho ana ma nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAmelika a me Mexico.

Polybia Occidentalis (Polybiinae Occ> Polybiinae Occidentalis.

ʻAʻole wale lākou e hana i ka meli, akā ke ʻoki nei hoʻi no ka hoʻoilo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paʻakikī nā mea mālama i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka bee. ʻAʻole lawa ka huahana i ʻohi ʻia e hānai i nā ʻohana āpau.

Inā hana nā meli i ka 15-17 kilokileka o nā makana i kēlā me kēia kau, a laila hiki ʻole i nā kahu ke ʻohi a hiki i ka kilokileka.

Hana ʻia nā nū manu Mekiko mai i ka pepa, i loaʻa ʻia e ka ʻalā lāʻau me ka mālama ʻana iā ia me ka wai meli. ʻO ko lākou mau wahi noho (maʻa mau lākou ma waena o nā lāʻau citrus) hiki i ka hapalua mika ke anawaena. ʻO lākou, e like me nā meli, hana lākou i ka meli, akā ʻaʻole mai ka pala, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i kēia ʻano.

ʻO ka meli meli, e like me nā pi, he hierarchy. He ʻanau lākou, e hana ana i nā mea inikini, na koa a me nā drones. Akā i kā lākou hoʻomohalaʻana, he nui loa lākou i ka ʻohana.

Hiki paha ke loaʻa i ia meli ma Lūkia

Ma Lūkia a me nā ʻāina e kokoke ana, ʻaʻole pili kēia mau inikua i ka ʻohi kālā. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia kūlana ma ka nele o nā ʻano meli, kahi i pili ʻia me ke ʻano kūpono ʻole no lākou (ʻoi loa ka pōpilikia a me ka malulu).

Hiki wale i nā nūhi home ke hōʻino wale i nā nisa o nā pi me ka ʻai i nā lako a lākou i hoʻomākaukau ai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ka paia o nā hale o nā mea inikini nāhelehe, ʻike ʻia ʻoe i kekahi manawa o kahi nectar (ua kapa ʻia "spray") kēia, ʻo ka nui o ka lehulehu hiki ke hele a hiki i ka 20-30 grama ma nā hihia maʻamau.

Kēia ʻano huahana. ʻO ka ʻo ia mau mea huʻai, ʻai i ka wai kanu, hoʻoili i ka pollen a me ka nectar ma luna o ko lākou mau wāwae, i lawe ʻia i ka pā. ʻAʻole pono e hana i nā lako no ka hoʻoilo me nā mea ʻino, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu mau lākou e hāʻule ai i loko o ka hoʻouluulu.

No laila, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻohoka i nā wasps a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo i ka hōʻino ʻana i kā lākou honu no ka meli. ʻAʻole loa e hiki ke loaʻa i kahi huahana pono, akā aia kahi hopena o nā aihue, no ka mea, he hana ʻino ka mea maʻi.

No ke aha he mea kupaianaha kēia meli

He ʻokoʻa nā huahana Aspen a me ka bee i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau: ka nui, ka maikaʻi, ka ʻono a me nā waiwai pono.

ʻO ka meli i hanaʻia e nā wasps heʻeleʻele, viscous a lahilahi. Hoʻouna ia i kahi mea ʻala pua manamana. ʻOi aku ka momona a paʻakikī, akā like ka like me ka nectar. Hiki i nā mea ʻona ke kūlike i ka mea i kohi ʻia ai nā mea kanu.

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā lole me ka sukalose, fructose, nā palaka, nā kumumea mineral (ʻoi aku ka calcium) a me ka polikole ʻole i loaʻa. ʻAʻohe mea hoʻonani i loko o ka huahana aspen, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā kohu me nā gulu like like me ka pi. No laila, wikiwiki ka meli i ka nānā a me ka crystallizes.

ʻOiai ka huahana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e nā wasps he kūpono loa ia no ka meaʻai a maikaʻi loa ia i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole ia no ka waiwai kūikawā no ke olakino kanaka a ʻaʻole ia i hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau nā kānaka, e like me ka mea i hua ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi, inā e loaʻa ka meli mai ka polikela o nā mea make, a laila hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa.

Ua kōkua nui anei nāps?

ʻOiai ka hiki ʻole ke hana i ka meli, nui nā mea make i nā mea koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano:

• ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻohā i nā mea kanu. ʻOiai ke hana nei nā wasps i kēia hana no ka nui o nā pi, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokō ia i ke ʻano haʻahaʻa loa, ke hūnā nei ka pi ma nā hives.
• ʻO kekahi hana nui, ʻo ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pōpoki. ʻAi nā ʻūhā i ka honua i ka bear a me kā lākou lolo, nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻĀpana Amorphillus - nā anuʻu, nā mākaʻi, nā cicadas, nā kolo lau, nā mea wili, a me nā Spilomena troglodytes - he kīwī. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau mea hihiu, ʻoiai lākou e ʻai nei i nā meaʻai kanu, hānai i nā ʻōpio i nā pōpoki.

Nui nā poʻe e makaʻu i nā palaka pū. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau pepeke he ʻoi aku ka ikaika i mua o nā neʻe. Akā ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi (liʻiliʻi aʻe ma mua o 20) ka mālamaʻana i ka tonic i ke kino. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ka haʻaleleʻana o kahi hopena alerine.

Akā ʻo ka nui o ka ʻawaʻawa o kahi lāʻau ʻo Brazil. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka mahalo i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi protein kūʻokoʻa, hiki iā ia ke hōʻoki i nā pūpū o ke kanesa me ka hōʻole ʻole i ka hana o nā mea olakino. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole e like me nā pi, inā pau ka ʻuʻuku a me ka make, ʻaʻole i pau ka helu o ka mau wasp.

Makela

No ka ʻohana like me nā pi - hymenopteran. He nui ka poʻe i makemake i ka nīnau: ʻiliʻili nā wasps i ka meli a i ʻole, ʻohi ʻopsu i ka nectar, a i ʻole nā ​​holoholona wale nō e hana i kēia? Ua ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema a me nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika, ke komo nei nā kānaka i kā lākou māla i mea e loaʻa ai ka aspen meli. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo nā pākeke, e like me nā meli, hānai i nā pua nectar a me ka pollinate. ʻO ia ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka meli. ʻOkoʻa ka huahana wasp i ka huahana bee i loko o kāna mau waiwai maikaʻi, ka ʻono, ka maikaʻi a me ka nui.

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka meleni o ka meli he mānoanoa loa ia, ʻike ʻia, e pili ana i ka ʻano o ka hae. Nani nani ka ʻala. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka pīhoihoi, i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o nā lehulehu, a ʻuʻuku loa kēia huahana. ʻAʻohe i nā mea pono pono ʻole, ʻoiai he nui nā kō a me ke kō i loko. Eia nō hoʻi i kona ʻano me ka calcium a me nā minelala. I ka huakaʻi, ʻaʻole nui ka ʻike koʻikoʻi o ka meli wasp no ke kino kanaka.

Na ka meli ʻo ka meli

I ka manawa e nīnau ʻia ai he meli, he nui ka mea e pane mai i ka meli “ʻaʻole,” akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā mea āpau. ʻO ke ʻano o ka wasp i hiki ke hana i ka ʻala i kapa ʻia ʻo Polybia Occidentalis. ʻAʻole lākou hana wale i kahi huahana momona, akā e hōʻiliʻili iā ia a hana i nā mālama no ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo wale ka pākeke i ka meli. ʻO nā wai momona o nā lau ʻai a me nā huaʻai, nā nectar pua i komo i ko lākou papaʻai. Hoʻohana nui ka ʻai ʻōpiopio i nā meaʻai protein. Loaʻa i nā mākua nā pepeke liʻiliʻi, spider, lele a me nā pua no lākou hoʻi.

Hoʻomaopopo! He mea nui ia e ʻike pono i nā wasps e hoʻopau i ka hānai, ma mua o ka hana. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻohana āpau i nā beehives, me ka luku ʻana i kā lākou lāʻau i loko o kēlā mau "ʻano". Welina lākou i nā pīkoi i hopu ʻia i kā lākou puaʻa a hānai iā lākou i ka lolo. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole lākou e lawe i ka meli, no laila, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka aspen e noho nei.

I ka manawa like, he kiʻi liʻiliʻi o ka meli o nā meli i loko o nā paia o ka hive a me nā puna o nā puna i ka wā lōʻihi. No laila, ʻaʻole hopohopo nā wasps e hana i kahi huahana momona. ʻO nā kāpili hoʻonaninani ma luna o ia, ʻo ka maʻamau ma hope o ka inika he kūloko i kāna pua i kahi pua. Ka mea, hele i ka pane i ka nīnau, e hana i ka meli a i ʻole ʻaʻole, he mea maopopo loa ia: ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole lākou. Akā i ka manawa like, aia kekahi nīnau, inā he meloka aloha, he kuleana no ka pane hōʻoia: ʻae, pono kēlā.

He aha nā mea aloha meli?

ʻO kēia huahana he pollen nectar hoʻokahi. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā puaʻai manu. ʻAla ʻia ka huahana, ʻala, akā ke ʻano he wikiwiki ma mua o ka bee.

I ka huli ʻana o nā pua, lele nā ​​inikini a puni ka ʻāina a nānā pono iā ia. ʻO ka mea ʻoi nā mea manu, e like me nā pi, hoʻāʻo e ʻohi i ke nectar mai nā mea kanu e kokoke ana iā lākou pili e like me ka mea hiki. No kēia kumu, ʻokoʻa ka maikaʻi o ka huahana i ka mea e pili ana nā mea kanu ma hope o ka pū o ka pū.

E huli i ka meli ma kahi pūnana aspen ma Lūkia

ʻO Slavic a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma Rūsia, ʻaʻohe mea e like me ka "meli meli". Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano ʻōlelo i loko o kahi ʻano hoʻohālike, a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ma ke ʻano o nā mea inu ʻalā i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o kahi huahana beekeeping.

Hoʻomaopopo! ʻO ke ʻano ʻino o Rūkia, a me nā makika o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e kokoke ana ma Rūsia, ʻaʻole kūpono ia i nā meli o nā punu. A ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻoi aku, eia ʻaʻohe kekahi e hana i ka kanu ʻana o kēia mau mea hihiu i mea e loaʻa ai kahi huahana momona.

I loko o nā hives o nā wasps maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi aniani o nā nectar i ʻohi ʻia ma nā paia o ka noho. ʻO kekahi mea wale nō, ʻo ka hopena o nā iniseti e hōʻiliʻili i ka pua a me ka wai momona. Eia nō naʻe, ua liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o nā wahi nectar, a i nā hihia kūʻokoʻa wale nō e hiki ai ke hiki i 20-30 g. ʻO kēia layer, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e ka manawa kūpono, no ka mea, ʻo nā iniseti e hōʻiliʻili i ka hae a me ka nectar no kā lākou ʻai iho, hele pololei i loko o ka hive. ʻO ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hōʻiliʻili ka nectar ma nā paia o ka moena e lilo i mea like me ka huahana maʻamau.

Ka pua honi

Hāʻawi anei nā haehae a me nā burrbee i ka meli, e like me ka meli? E like me ka mea mua, laila maopopo nā mea āpau me lākou. Kohi ʻo Bumblebees i nā nectar pua a, ma muli o kona hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻana, hana i ka meli. No ka mea ʻaʻole i lawe nā mea inikua i kahi mālama nui, ʻōleʻa ka nui o ka ʻono. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka nectar o bumblebee ʻo ka hānai i ka hoʻomao a mālama i nā hana nui o ka hive holoʻokoʻa.

No nā kānaka, he mea nui ka hua o kēia huahana, no ka mea, ua palena loa kona nui, a me nā mea pono ke kino, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia. ʻO ka meli ʻo Bumblebee kahi huahana koʻikoʻi loa a paʻakikī.

He poʻe liʻiliʻi wale ʻia i kona hoʻopili ʻana, a no laila he mea hoʻopunipuni loa ia e ʻike i kahi mea kūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia a kūʻai i kēia huahana, hiki ke hana ma o ka Pūnaewele.

Hōʻano ʻia ka huahana e nā mea e pili ana i kēia:

• ua hoʻāla ka mea hoʻoulu ʻia e like me ka meli,
• he haʻahaʻa loa ka ʻano o ka meli maoli,
• ua loaʻa i nā ʻano pollen (me nā mea kanu e like me ka purpurea purpurea a me ka ʻulaʻula).
• He ʻano like ʻole ka meli ma ka helehelena, ma ke ʻano he like lākou me nā ʻōpala (ʻoiai he nui ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou mana ma ka nui o nā meli manu).

ʻO kekahi liʻiliʻi o ka meli no ka mea pōkole wale nō o ka ola o kēia mau mea hihiu. ʻAʻole pono lākou e hoʻomohala a hoʻoulu i ka huahana i ka nui.

Hoʻomaopopo! ʻAʻole like me nā wasps, nā kiki ʻiliʻiwa ke kohi ʻana i ka polin i kahi he hiki ʻole ke kiʻi i ka nui o ka wai wai e koi pololei mai ka pua.

Hornet meli

Hāʻawi anei nā pū i ka meli? Noiaʻi, no ka mea he mau mea hihiu kēia manu, a ʻaʻole lākou e honi i ka meli, e like me ka uwapo, ʻoiai nā mea ka poʻe i loaʻa. Ma muli o ka hana nui o kēia mau pepelu, hōʻiliʻili ka hua pua i ka hives a, ʻupala, lilo i mea like me ka meli maʻamau. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia, mālama loa a, i kekahi ʻano, ʻano olakino. Akā he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia, no laila ʻaʻole pono ia e hoʻopau i ka manawa ma nā uku.

Ke kuhi nei inā he meli a me nā mea āu e makemake ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi pahuhopu a loaʻa ʻole kahi ʻano maʻamau.

Hana ʻia nā wīwī a ʻaʻole ʻole

ʻO nā wīwī, e like me ka pi, no ka ʻohana like. ʻAi ʻia ka poʻe pākeke ka nectar, pollinate pua, no laila e ulu ka nīnau inā hana lākou i meli. I ko mākou wahi, ʻaʻohe mea i lohe e hānai ana lākou i kahi ʻohana ulana no ko lākou pono ponoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia, no kekahi mau ʻano, ua ʻano kahi ʻano hana. ʻOkoʻa ka meli ʻo ka Wasp mai ka meli bee i ka maikaʻi, ka nui, a me nā mea pono pono.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola

I ka ʻike inā loaʻa ka meli i ka meli, pono ʻoe e ʻike pono inā pono lākou.I ka nui o nā hihia, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou i nā pākeke. ʻAi nā ʻōpio i nā nectar, nā wai o ka mea ʻala hua, nā huaʻai, akā no ka huaʻala e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai protein - spiders, lele, nā pepeke liʻiliʻi, nā pi.

Makemake nā meli manu eʻai, akā ʻaʻole e hana. Nui nā ʻohana e hoʻouka ana i nā beehives, luku piha i nā lāʻau i ka manawa, "hoʻopaʻa ʻia" nā paʻahao e hānai i kā lākou keiki. ʻAʻole lākou e huki i ka meli i ka pūnana, no laila, ʻaʻohe meli ma kāna mau pua.

Akā, he wahi liʻiliʻi o ka pili pākahi e like me ka huahana beekeeping e hōʻuluʻulu i nā paia pā. Eia hou, ʻo ka nīnau - hana nā wasps i ka meli a i ʻole. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻopiʻi i nā mea hihiu iā lākou iho me kēia misionari, huli ʻia ka ʻōpala ma hope o ia mea, ma hope o ka mea e loaʻa ai ka pōʻino i ka pua.

Ma nā'āina o ʻAmelika, ʻApelika, he nui nā ʻohana o ka lawe manu ʻana e ʻohi ana i ka meli a hana ia. Akā, ʻaʻole i ka nui o ka like me nā meli maʻamau, akā wale nō i mea e hānai iā lākou iho i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻaʻole lawa ka honey i ka meli.

ʻO ka mea nui ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā wasps o kā mākou wahi e hoʻoilo ʻole i kahi māla. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, waiho lākou i ka nalo, hoʻopuehu ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, e hoʻolōʻihi i nā kaʻina o ka metabola i loko o ke kino e lohi, nāu a nā lelo. Ua make kekahi ʻaoʻao mai nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻo kahi ʻē mai ke anuanu. ʻO nā wahine'ōpio i'ōpiopio wale nō ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, kahi e hoʻomau a mālama ka makahiki i loko o ka puna. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo nā iniseti i hoʻohemo i ke kōkeke - hiamoe wale lākou, ʻaʻohe pono o nā meaʻai.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka aspen meli

Inā nīnau ʻia kahi keiki o ke kula mua loa - he meli i hana ʻia e ka meli a i ʻole nā ​​kahu manu, e koho ʻo ia i ka mea mua. ʻĀnō kēia ʻolima, ʻo ka mea pili i kā mākou wasps a me ka meli he kumu kūpono ʻole. Aia i nā ʻāina māla, e pane like nā keiki, no ka mea, luku maoli ʻo Aborigines no ka mea i loaʻa i ka pono.

Hiki i nā meli o nā kaila Polybius Occidentalis ke hōʻuluʻulu, hōʻiliʻili i ka meli, a me ka mālama i nā meli meli no ka hoʻoilo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i loko o ka nui e like me ka pi. Pono lākou i kahi huahana a ʻaʻole loa e make i ka pōloli i ka hoʻoilo.

He mānoanoa ka meli Wasp, viscous, ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻolālā, akā ʻono maikaʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui he kiko. ʻAʻohe mea kūpono o nā huʻina e hana ai nā kānaka a - kahi nui o nā protein, hānai. ʻAʻole makemake e like me ka pīhoihoi. Ke hānai nei i ka ʻohana horetona no ke kiʻi ʻana i ka meli, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano. ʻO Aborigines wale nō e ʻimi i nā wasps, ravest nest, lawe i ka huahana pau ʻole.

Ka ʻai ʻona o nā pua Polybius Occidentalis

Hoʻomaikaʻi

ʻAʻole hua nā manu i nā meli, akā hiki iā lākou ke lawe i nā waiwai he nui i ka poʻe ma o kā lākou hana ola.

Hoʻokomo ka hana koʻikoʻi e ka ʻohana kūpuna, e luku ana i ka nui o nā mea ʻino, nā mea e hakakā nei kekahi kanaka. Inā aia ma kahi kihi o ke kīlaʻi, mai pā. Pepehi i nā manu nā manu, spiders, larvae, nā pepeke liʻiliʻi, nā pepeke nui. Hoʻopili pinepine ia me ka bear, Khrushch a me kāna mau pili, bronzes.

Nui nā honu manu i waiho i nā hua ma ke kino o ka pūlaki nui, spider. I nā hola he nui, kūlohelohe kekahi larva mai ka huaʻa, ʻeli i loko o ke kino o ka mea ʻai, hoʻomaka ke ʻai ʻana i loko o loko. I ka hopena, nā haumāna, ma hope o kekahi manawa, hele mai ka imago i ke kukui i loko o ka ʻano i ʻike ʻia e nā kānaka.

ʻO nā pono o nā wasps

ʻO ka hue Spilomena liʻiliʻi a Troglodytes e luku i nā heʻe. Nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i hopu i nā kumulāʻau puaʻa, ʻōpua, nā pōpoki, nā pīpī lau, cicadas, nā lele, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻeleʻele. Ka nui o nā pīpī me ka meli ʻole o ka meli nui - nui ka pollinate i nā mea kanu a hoʻonui i ka nui.

Mea make me ka lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā kānaka, ʻaʻole ʻoi ka meli, akā, ʻo nā mea inu. ʻO kahi manawa koke, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i nā waiwai o nā mea make o kahi ʻoihana Brazil kahi e pani ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoi a me ke kaua ʻana i ka oncology o kekahi mau mea kino. ʻO ka mea nui ka mālama ʻole ʻia o ka lāʻau i ka maikaʻi o nā maʻi, ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i kā lākou hana.

ʻO ka mea make o kahi pepeke ʻo Brazil e loaʻa i kahi protein kūʻokoʻa kahi e hoʻopili wale ʻia ana i nā cell pathological, ke kumu o ko lākou make, a kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka membrane mucous. Loaʻa ka pono i loko o nā maʻi o ke koko, prostate, ʻōpala. Kele ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma o nā pūnaewele ma ka Pūnaewele, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o hoʻokahi kapeta he 9 tausani rubles.

Ma muli o ka ʻikepili i loaʻa, ke hoʻomau ʻia nei ka noiʻi, nui ka mana e hiki ke hana i ka hopena ʻoi no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, e lanakila ai ka maʻi i kahi ākea ākea.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ke awāwa a me nā meli e honi ai

ʻO nā pi a me nā wasps he mau ʻelele o kekahi o nā kauoha nui loa o nā iniseti - hymenopteran. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻohana e ka cohabitation, kahu hānai o nā keiki (kā lākou keiki), ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kuleana ma waena o ka ʻohana. ʻO kēia kahi i pau ai nā mea like ma waena o nā wasps a me nā pi. Hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa no ka wā lōʻihi, e hoʻomaka kākou me pehea e hana ai lākou i ka meli.

Nā mea punu o nā ʻano Polybius Occidentalis e hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o ka meli i kā lākou hives.

Hana nāpsu i ka meli

ʻO ka hiki i kahi wasp e hana i ka meli he nīnau maʻamau loa ma ka Pūnaewele. ʻO ka pane ʻana i ka hapa nui, he manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole e hana ka honi i ka meli, akā hiki wale nō iā lākou ke ʻai a ʻai i ka lākou. Aia kekahi ʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia, akā ʻaʻole kēia maoli. No ke aha mākou e haʻi ai. Kūʻē nā loea i ka mahina beekeeping aia kekahi mau ʻano kau manu e hiki ʻole ke ʻai wale, akā hoʻopuka nō hoʻi i ka meli. Eia wale ka mea i noho ai kēia mau pepeke ma mua o nā palena o Rūia a me nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe.

ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano melemele o kēlā pūlima ma nā wahi mamao loa o ʻAmelika Hema a me Mekiko. Maanei ua noho ka Polybina Occidentalis (Polybiinae Occidentalis). Kohi ʻo kekahi kanaka o kēia ʻano me ka kūleʻa nui, ʻohi i ka nectar meli i loko o kāna mau puaʻa, e ʻai ana iā ia iho a hānai i kāna hua keiki. Ua ʻike ʻo ʻepekema mai ka wā kahiko, ua hānai nā kānaka e noho ana i ke kula o kēia mau ʻāina i ka meli polybius.

Kēia nā ʻūhā o nā ʻAmora ʻAmelika i luku ʻia nā anuʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole

ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe noho kīnā ka ʻohi ʻia o ka meli i kā lākou hives. ʻO ka Nectar ma nā paia o ko lākou wahi e noho ai (ʻele) kahi kikoʻi ʻona wale nō o ka meli. ʻO ka nui o ia mea kaʻuʻuku a ʻo ka lawa wale nō ka hānai e mālama ai i nā wīwī iā lākou iho a hānai i ka ʻōpala. Eia kekahi, ʻike nō e hānai nui ana lākou i ka nectar no ka ʻohi ʻana, akā i ka ʻai. ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka manaʻo o ka nectar mai ka meli maʻamau, ʻo ka mea nui ia ia ʻono ʻole a ʻoi hoʻi ka mānoanoa.

ʻOiai ka nele o nā mākau i ka hana o ka meli, he mea maikaʻi loa nā wasps no ka fauna. ʻO kā lākou kaitano nui e waiho i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a luku iā lākou i ka nui o nā pōpoki a me kā lākou hoʻomālaʻi e noho nei i nā māla a me nā māla lau. No ka laʻana, kahi ʻai ʻo ka earthen i kahi bear me kā lākou pili. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe (Amorphillus) e hānai ana i nā lele, nā kuʻu, nā kolo lau, cicadas. ʻO ia ke aloha i nā māla ʻike ʻike i nā ʻelele o kēia ʻohana, e ʻae iā lākou i ko lākou mau ʻāina me nā pua ʻala.

ʻO ka hiki ke pollinate i kahi wasp iʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pī, akā paʻa nō ia i kēia hana. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, mai makaʻu i kona kuʻi ʻana. ʻO ka hopena tonic e hōʻike ana iā ia iho ma hope o kahi pōpoki he mea pono ia i nā kānaka. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka nui ʻae ʻia (ʻoi aku ma mua o 20).

ʻAi ʻia ka honua hep i kā lākou mahele

Pehea e hana ai ka meli

ʻAʻole i kā kā lākou mau hoa, nā piipiki paʻakikī e kauoha i kahi nui e kiʻekiʻe aʻe. ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana o kēia mea ʻoihana neural - ka ʻōlelo o ka kamaʻilio ma waena o nā iniseti. Hoʻopili i nā kuleana āpau no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ka loaʻa, hana hou a me ka hānai ʻana i nā hua (ʻōpiopio) i ka hive ʻAʻole hana wale ka ʻala i ka meli nui o nā meli like ʻole, ua ʻai ʻo ia iā ia iho a hānai i kāna hua.

ʻO nā kumu kumu nui o ka nectar he mau lāʻau like ʻole, nā pua a me nā pua. ʻO ka meaʻono o ka meli i hana ʻia e hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka mea kanu kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai ka hae. ʻO kā mākou e ʻai ai i nā ahiahi hoʻoilo. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina o ke ʻano o ka meli a me nā honi.

Bee ma ka hana

• I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai a me ka pua o nā pua mua, ʻo ia ka manawa e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka nectar. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pīpī Scout i ka huli ʻana i nā mea kūpono kūpono. Eia kekahi, ʻike mākou - ke nānā wale nei lākou i nā wahi a lawe i ka polena no ka laʻana. E hōʻiliʻili ka ʻuʻina mea nui i loko o ka honi nectar, ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea hoʻolaha iā lākou a hoʻouna iā lākou i ka ʻaoʻao o kahi hōʻuluʻulu.
• E hōʻiliʻili i nā pi i ka nectar me ke kōkua o kahi proboscis, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole he mau wasps. Hāʻawi iā lākou i kekahi mea maikaʻi hou. ʻO nā ʻāpana momona i loaʻa i nā wāwae e kōkua iā ia e hoʻoholo inā he lepo ka mea kanu. I ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili, kau nā bee i loaʻa i ka nectar i loaʻa i loko o kona waha, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā kaʻina hana e hana ai i nā enzyme kūikawā me ke kōkua o ka huna ʻana i nā kipi salivary. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia kaʻina i nā mea a pau i ka hana o ka meli nectar.
• ʻO ka ʻae a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka huahana i ʻohi ʻia e lawe ʻia e nā pua piʻi. Hoʻonoho lākou i ka huahana i loko o nā pūlea o ka pā, a laila hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka honi. He mea nui ia i loko o ka kaulahao, ʻoiai ʻo ke ʻano o ka meli a hilinaʻi ma luna ona. ʻO ka mea mua, e waiho nā mea ʻaiu i ka meli i nā meli, no ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō ʻona. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano kikoo i ka wai e hoʻohemo pololei a me ka wikiwiki. A laila neʻe ka nectar i nā paia o nā pū, a hoʻoneʻe maikaʻi ʻia ka hive e wehe i ka nahu wai. I ke kaʻina o ka honi ʻana o ka meli, nā nuku e hoʻoneʻe iā ia mai kekahi puna i kekahi nui manawa. ʻO ka hope loa akā ʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi, ua kau ka meli melemele ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka meli, e hoʻopiha ana iā lākou ma luna.
• ʻO ka hana hope loa i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka meli ma nā meli ʻo ke kikowaena o nā pūpū me nā meli me nā wōwili hao. ʻO ka ʻike o ka waiū o ka meli (nā manaʻo wai) i kēia manawa ʻaʻole pono eʻoi aku ma mua o 21%. ʻO kēlā huahana wale nō ke hiki ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a mākaukau e ʻai.