ʻO Vipera berus, ʻo ka viper maʻamau ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia i nā manu ʻehika ma Eurasia no ka ʻohana viper. ʻAno maoli ʻo ia i mākaʻikaʻi i ka nohona ma Central a me ʻEulopa, a ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻona i loko o ka honua e noho ana ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻAla Hika.
Ma kēiaʻatikala e hōʻike mākou iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka mea ʻalani like ʻole, i nā wahi o nā ʻāina i noho ai, nā holoholona e ʻai ai, a me ia e ʻai ai.
He aha ka mea e like ai ka viper?
Hōʻike ʻia ke kino o ka reptile e kahi poʻo i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Hoʻokomo nā unahi liʻiliʻi i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Hiki pinepine iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi ma ke kikowaena o ke poʻo, ka mea maʻamau e like me X a ʻo V. ʻO nā wahine paha he pinepine ka pulu ʻaukā, ʻoi aku ka hina o nā kāne. Akā hiki nō paha ke waiho i ka uliuli, ʻulaʻula, ke keleawe-ʻula a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ke kino o ka viper. Kuhi pinepine nā ʻelele o nā kāne a i kahi ʻano zigzag kaula ma ke kua, i paʻi ʻia i nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele. Akā ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻole me ke kala ʻole.
ʻO kēia ke ʻano o kona nānā ʻana i ke kiʻi.
He "ʻiliʻili" a i ka nahekaa i luna o nā unahi ma luna o nā maka. Ma muli o kēia, ua kau nui ke ʻano o kona maka. Mai ka ʻāʻī a me nā maka, ua kau ʻia kahi "kaula", kahi e hōʻike nui ana i ka helehelena koʻikoʻi o ka reptile.
Hiki i ka viper ka lōʻihi o 50 a 70 sentimita. I nā hihia kakaʻahi ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ai nā kuhi, ʻo 90 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka viper nui loa i ʻEulopa e lōʻihi no 87 cm ka loa, a ua loaʻa ka wahine nui loa o ka honua i ke kikowaena o Sweden a he lōʻihi ke kino o 104 mau kenimika.
ʻO Habitat o ka ʻīwī
Ua hiki i kēia reptile ke holo i ʻEulopa no mau makahiki mai Asia a e hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ma laila. Ua loaʻa i kēia wīwī ke kaulana loa ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke aʻa ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻAlika Arctic, kahi i noho ʻole ai nā nahesa. I kēia lā ua loaʻa ia ma nā Alps, ma Balkans, ma ka ʻĀkau o Lūkia a ma ʻAsia hikina. I kēia manawa, ʻike hou ʻia kahi viper maʻamau ma North Korea, Mongolia a me Kina.
I Kelemānia, mahalo nui ka ʻili i ka ʻāina kiʻekiʻe o Kelemania, nā ʻāpana mauna hikina a me nā ʻāpana nui o ke kūkulu hema. ʻO ka mea nui loa i ka Black Black a ma ka Swabian Alb, hiki ke loaʻa i nā poʻe he nui o kēia ʻano ʻano, ʻo ka moa ʻona wale nō i Bavaria. ʻOiai ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻolaha i loko o ʻEulopa, ʻo kona helehelena koʻikoʻi ka hihia. ʻO ia no ke kumu i pale ʻia ai ka viper i nā makahiki he nui ma Kelemānia. Hiki ke loaʻa nā lehulehu nui o ka viper maʻamau ma Rügen a me Hiddensee. ʻO kēia ma muli o kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kanaka a me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kūʻokoʻa no ka reptile.
Ma Austria, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana: ʻo ka nui o nā lehulehu o nā ʻehā maʻamau e noho nui ana ma Mühlviertel a me Waldviertel. He lehulehu nā ʻohana o Switzerland i kēia mau nāhelehele, i lawe ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Alpine.
Hoʻaiho
E like me ka mea e makemake ai ʻo ia, mahalo nui ka mea kīpē i kēlā mau hale i hiʻona ʻia e nā lewa wela ma waena o ke ao a me ka pō. Mahalo nui lākou i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hina haʻahaʻa. E makemake ana ka nahesa i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ka mea e hoʻomehana ai, akā i ka manawa like ke hāʻawi nei i ka pale kiʻekiʻe mai ka wela nui. ʻO ka humus, ka pitonu a i ʻole mauʻu nāona kahi mea maikaʻi loa kahi i manaʻo ai ka reptile i ka home.
Kāleka
- Poʻo, ua uhi ʻia me nā pale liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā pālani manuahi like ʻole, ka hōʻailona like ʻole-paʻa, ka hopena ihu me kahi lua i kāwili ʻia i ka waena, ʻūwili, kino kūloko - nā wahi kīwī o nā ʻōlima paila helehelena.
- Liʻiliʻi maka me kahi haumāna kūpaʻa paʻa loa i hui pū ʻia me ka overhanging scraorbital scaling rollers e hāʻawi i ka viper i kahi ʻano maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pili kēia me ka hōʻike o nā manaʻo i pili i ka hoʻomāinoino.
- ʻO ka iwi keʻokeʻo maxillary, pōkole, hoʻopiha ʻia me ka 1-2 tubular nui huakē make a me nā niho liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi he 3-4. Aia nā niho liʻiliʻi ma ka palatine, nā iwi pterygoid.
- Pulu a me ka papaʻu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka maʻa ʻāʻā lepe.
- Hoʻopili loa a pōmaikaʻi i ke waena, kino nā vipers maʻa hope loa i ke kua, huli i loko o kahi pōkole (maʻamau pinepine 6-8 mau mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ka pahu) kohi ʻilike ʻano he kūmama.
ʻAʻole hana ka hiʻona i nā kala, pena ke kiʻi i kahi ʻōwili. Hoʻohui ʻia ma kahi o nā kala hina maʻamau o nā kāne a me ʻulaʻula - ʻo nā wahine, ʻike ʻia nā morphl hou.
- eleʻele
- beige ʻalani
- kālā kālā
- oliva ʻoliva
- ulaula keleawe.
ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine ʻole i nā lole maʻamau, ʻo ke kino o ka nahesa i “hoʻonani ʻia” i nā kāʻei, nā wahi a me nā hiʻohiʻona:
- he pope zigzag e holo ana i hope,
- ʻɅʻeleʻele paha X a he orana or X-orana ma luna o ke poʻo.
- nā ʻeleʻele uliuli e holo ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo mai nā maka a i nā kihi o ka waha.
- nā wahi pōkole e uhi ana i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino.
ʻAʻohe ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōleʻele a me nā ʻulaʻulaʻula i kā lākou poʻo ma ko lākou mau poʻo a me nā kino. ʻO ka waiho ʻana o ka kala nui, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino me nā blurry, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka huelo i keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka melemele-ʻulaʻula.
He hoihoi! ʻAʻole loa i ʻike ʻia nā ʻōlani Albino, like ʻole me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻano like like ʻole i ke kala, a i ʻole, nā hemahema o ia ʻano, e nānā mau ʻia.
ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano kala o ka manuahi, ʻo ka manaʻo o ka leo nui, ka patronizing, no ka mea e hoʻowalewale ʻia ai ka naheka i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kūlohelohe o ke ʻano kūlohelohe.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO ka maʻamau ka viper i ka nui o ke ao. Makemake ʻo ia i ka lā pololei. Akā he mea ʻokoʻa. No ka laʻana, no ka wela nui, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hana i nā kime.
ʻO ka hapanui i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, ʻimi ʻo ia i nā wahi maikaʻi no ka lā sunbating i mea e hoʻoulu ai i kona ʻano kino i nā pae mālamalama (optedededes). ʻO kēia ka awelika o 30 a 33 degere Celsius.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hana kiʻekiʻe loa o nā hana ma nā lā kau. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ua, eʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka viper.
ʻAʻole ia e ʻae i ka makani a me ke anu. I ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka makani ʻoluʻolu a me ke anuanu, ua hūnā ia i kahi pāhana mahana.
I ka hoʻoilo, ua hānau ʻo ia i nā māmala, he mau a i ʻehiku mau malama. Hana ʻia kēia i loko o nā pale i pale ʻia, ka mea like me ia me nā poʻe kīwī, a i ʻole me ka nui o nā reptile. ʻO ka hapa nui loa lākou i puka i waho o ka lā hānau i ka hopena o ʻApelila, mua o Mei. Inā hoʻomaha ka maloʻo, hoʻonui ka lōʻihi o ka hiamoe i nā hebedoma. Ala mau nā pololi ma 2 mau hebedoma ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻAno hānau
ʻAʻohe wale ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki e hoʻohana ai ka viper i ka moe. ʻO kēia ka wā ma hope o ka hōkū ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, a me ka wā o ka ala ʻana ma ka lā ʻApelila a hiki i Mei. I ka wā moe, hoʻokūkū nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne. I ka wā o ka hakakā, hoʻāʻo nā kāne e hōʻalo i kēlā me kēia a loaʻa i ka makemake o nā wahine. I ka wā moe, mahalo nui nā vipers i ka forunction sensual i hoʻohanaʻia e lanakila ai ka wahine. Pono ka Prelude i ka manawa pinepine.
Pehea e hānau ai nā pōpoki? Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, e like me nā mammals he nui. Hānau ka reptile i nā hua ma kona kino. ʻAʻole hiki i nā hua ke hoʻolako i ka wela wela, ʻoiai ma ka ʻōpū i mālama ʻia ke mahana o ke kino ma kahi pae kūpono ma muli o ke kahe o ka lā ma kahi o nā puʻu.
ʻO ka ulu mau ʻana o nā ʻōpio maʻamau i hānau pinepine ʻia mai ʻAukake a ʻAukake. ʻO ka reptile hou ʻōwili me ka nui e like me ka penikala penikala maʻamau. Hiki i ka wahine ke hānau i kahi ʻumikūmālima mau kekona i ka manawa, i nā hihia ākea a hiki i 20 mau cub.
Ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, lilo ka hua a hoʻomaka i ka ʻimi i nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā bakoka. Kūpono ka ʻōpiopio i ka pākeke ma hope o ʻekolu a hiki i ʻehā makahiki.
Kauʻai
ʻO ka viper maʻamau kekahi o nā mea lawehala huna pilikino i loaʻa ʻole nā koho kūikawā e pili ana i ka mea i loaʻa. Hoʻokahi holoholona kēlā me kēia holoholona āpau a lele koke ʻia aku. Ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana, hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka reptile i ka mea make a hōʻeha i ka ʻona me kona kino. Ma hope o ke kali ʻana, hana ʻo ia a hiki i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hana aʻa, ʻaʻole i nāwaliwali ka waiwai pio ma mua o kona make ʻana. Ma hope o kēia, e hoʻopili piha ʻia ka holoholona e ka viper.
ʻAʻole wale ka lizards, baki a me nā amphibian ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo ka mammals liʻiliʻi, e like me nā kiʻī a me nā hoki hoʻi ka mea i komo i loko o kā lākou papaʻai. Pēlā nō hoʻi i nā hihia līlī, hiki i ka nahesa ke ʻai i nā ʻōpio, nā pepeke, a me nā manu ʻōpio. Me nā hapa o ka meaʻai nui, hiki ke cannibalism i ka nui a nui.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka poʻe kūlohelohe kekahi o nā manu manuʻa a me nā mommals. ʻO nā mea nui a nā ʻāpana nui i waena o ka poʻe predator no ka viper maʻamau. ʻAʻole ʻano ʻē nā Cannibalism no nā nahesa, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea kīwī maʻamau e ʻai ai i nā cubes o nā ʻano nui ʻē aʻe. Eia nā mea alakaʻi mua e waiho pōpilikia i kēia ʻano.
I ka hui ʻana o ka reptile, ua hūnā ia ma lalo o nā pōhaku a peʻe paha i nā lāʻau ulu. Inā peia ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi kihi, e pane ana ʻo ia me kāna e puʻe i ka ʻenemi, kuʻi iā ia a me ka haki ʻana i kāna mea iona (ʻaʻole mau mau nō).
Vain venom
Aia no nā moʻo ʻinole a hoʻokumu i nā mea make endogenous, nāna e hoʻomake i ka mea pio, a hoʻomākaukau pū kekahi. I ka wā pōpilikia maikaʻi ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea ʻawaʻawa no ka pale, akā ma ka maʻamau e pailua ʻo ka nahesa i ka poʻe kaua e kū ʻole i kahi pona. No ka laʻana, no nā hoa nui nui, e like me kahi alopeke a kīwī hihiu paha, ʻāhewa ʻia ka ʻona.
Ke pōʻino ʻo ia i kahi kanaka, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā ʻano like like me ka hāpū manuʻa. Ma ka pūnaewele o ka māla, ka ʻūhā, nā ʻano ʻulaʻula. Hōʻike hou aku ka loiloi a me ka luaʻi. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka pōkole o ka hanu, ke koko iki a me nā mea hōʻeha. Eia naʻe, nui nā hihia i ka manaʻo ʻole o kekahi kanaka i kekahi mea ma hope o kāna koka ʻana.
No ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho, e haʻi ʻia i nā kāmaʻa paʻa loa a i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kēlā mau wahi kahi i hiki ai ke ʻano o kēia mau reptile. Ma lalo o nā kūlana e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻāo i ia, i ʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena pale.
Inā ua hānaiʻo ia, pono ʻoe e noho mālie. Hōʻea ka nui o nā nakahi i loaʻa ʻole i ka lāʻau, a ʻo ka manaʻo o ka nahesa ka mea nui loa. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopōmaikaʻi kēia, pono e ʻōlelo koke i ke kauka. ʻAʻohe mea pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā ʻoihana home ʻike maikaʻi loa, e like me ke ahi ʻana, ka waiū a i ʻole a hōʻoki paha i ka ʻāʻī.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ka disustection alkohol no ka mea ua kolo ka koko a me nā mea palahā i loko o ke kino ma loko o kekona. Me nā kakili koʻikoʻi a me nā hopena alia, e hāʻawi nā kauka i kahi antidote. Eia naʻe, i mea e hōʻeha maikaʻi ai i ka pākeke, pono nā mea makua e hānai iā ia i 7 mau manawa (kūpono i ka 75 mg o ka mea make).
Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻo ke ʻano o ka makaʻu o nā nahesa ʻōiwi o kēia ʻano. He ʻano me nā haʻalulu liʻiliʻi, nā holoholona hou e hoʻi hou ma kā lākou. Pono e mālama ʻia i ka wā e koho ai i nā ʻōpio a me / a i ʻole nā huaʻa, no ka manawa ke lawe nei kekahi kanaka i kahi mea kaua e hiki ai i ka mea maʻi ke loiloi he hoʻoweliweli.
ʻO ka ʻaka o nā nahesa e like me nā kui ke ʻike ʻia i ʻike ʻia e mākou, kahi mea no nā maʻi lapaʻau. No kahi kikoʻī, pololei nā niho. Inā ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia i nā niho, nalowale lākou i ka manamana o ka mucosa waha.
No ke aha ʻo ka moʻo i ka palena o ka hoʻopau ʻana ma ʻEulopa?
Ma Lūkia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kūlana no ke ola ʻana i kēia ʻano. Akā ma Europe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā mea a pau. I nā'āina he nui o ʻEulopa ma ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula. I kekahi mau moku'āina, ua manaʻo ʻia ka pōpilikia, i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke kumu nui o kā lākou hoʻopau ʻana i ka "ʻoki" o ka noho. ʻOiai ke hoʻonui nei ke kanaka i ko lākou mau kua ahi i ka nohona, ua ʻāʻī ka noho a pili ka nahesa. Wehe nā wahi ākea a me nā nahele ma kahi makemake i nā ʻoihana, nā alanui a me nā kūlanakauhale. ʻOiai ma nā wahi nahele, aia nā wahi kanu reptile e makemake mau ʻia nei, no ka hoʻohalike ʻana. No laila, aia ka emi mau ʻana o ka hana o nā pōpō. No kēia kumu, ʻo ke kanaka ka mea nui i ka ʻāhane.
Nā pilikia ʻē aʻe
Akā ʻaʻole wale ka luku ʻana o ka nohona kūlohelohe, akā ʻo ka hewa hoʻi o ke kanaka ka mea i kuleana no ka pau pau ʻana o kēia ʻano. Manaʻo ka nui o ka poʻe e like me ka make maoli o ka make ʻana i nā pōpoki a me nā mea nakahi ʻē aʻe no ka leʻaleʻa.
Ke ʻimi pinepine nei nā ʻōpio hihiu i nā meaʻai ma lalo o nā lālā, kahi e hālāwai ai i nā nahesa a make iā lākou.
Eia kekahi, lawelawe lākou i nā holoholona ʻoi aku ka nui, e like me nā manu o ka mea ʻai a me nā mommals, he wai kūlohelohe ia. ʻO kekahi manawa, ʻo nā pōpoki home e lilo i mea pōʻino maoli i nā nahesa.
ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻo ia ka haki ʻana o nā ulu lāʻau ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā alanui nui e hoʻopuni ana i nā koena o nā hale noho a pēlā hoʻi e hāʻawi ai i ka puʻuwai genetic.
He aha ka hana e pale ai iā lākou?
Aia kēia ʻano ma lalo o ka palekana ikaika a puni ka European Union. Hoʻole ʻia i ka hopu a pepehi iā lākou. Pono nā kahu āpau e loaʻa nā nahelehele a me nā hua ma ke ʻano pio a ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia mai ko lākou ʻano kūlohelohe.
Aia nō kekahi hana hoʻomohala kūikawā no nā biotopes i loko o nā ululāʻau kahi i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no kēia ʻano. Ma nā ulu lāʻau, hana ʻia nā wahi kūloko, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia i kahi moe a no nā reptile sunbating, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko lākou ulu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i lawa nā hanana koʻikoʻi nui e hōʻoia i ke ola ʻana o nā ʻano ma kahi ʻano e hoʻomau nei.
Inā makemake ʻole ʻoe e heluhelu, a laila e nānā wale i ka wikiō.
ʻĀnō ke ola
ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kahi viper maʻamau ma ka nahele he 12-15 mau makahiki. He nui kēia no ke kūlana i nā kūlana he nui nā helu e pōkole ana i ke ola ola. Ma nā mea mālama lapaʻau kūikawā nui, nā ʻokiʻoki, i ka manawa i mālama ʻia i nā pā hale i nā hale ʻĀina, ola nā vipers e noho lōʻihi a hiki i ka 20, a i kekahi mau manawa a 30 mau makahiki paha. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia e ka nahesa hake, ʻokoʻa ʻole i nā hoahānau hānai, hāʻawi ʻia me ka hānai manawa kūpono, mālama pono ʻole o ka microclimate maikaʻi, hoʻopau piha ʻana i nā ʻenemi a me ka mālama o nā holoholona mālama.
He hoihoi! Manaʻo nō ka Herpetologists i ke ola ʻana o ke ola o Vipera berus me ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia o ka māla, no laila he 30 mau makahiki i ka poʻe no ka ʻākau.
ʻO Venom o kahi pōpō maʻamau
ʻO ka poina o nā vipers ka mea i kāwili ʻia i nā mea momona o ka molekuheka kiʻekiʻe molika e loaʻa ana i ka hemolytic a me ka necrotizing hopena ma nā māhele koko. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka māhele o ka pakanui e loaʻa ai kahi neurotoxin e hoʻopilikia kino i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻehā o kahi ʻāwīwī maʻamau e hele pinepine loa i ka make: ua emi iho nā mea i hōʻino ʻia e waiho i kahi pōpilikia i ke ola o kekahi pākeke. ʻO nā hopena o kahi pīpī manuahi e ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā keiki a me nā holoholona, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike iki i ka nahesa, i koi ʻia e pale. Hiki paha kēia ʻōlelo i ka:
- holomua maikaʻi
- puʻuwai intrravascular
- uluhua maʻi.
I kekahi hihia, ʻo ka mea nona ka ʻenemi, ʻoiai me ka hāʻawi ʻana o ke kōkua mua, pono e hoʻopili i kahi ʻoihana olakino.
Ma kaʻohana ʻē aʻe, nā waiwai ʻona o ka pona e hoʻohana nui no nā kumu lapaʻau, i ka hana ʻana i nā huina analgesic, hoʻopio i nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory, hoʻonanea, e ʻae iā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka viper maʻamau o ka manaʻo waiwai a me ka ponoʻepekema.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Ua ʻano nui nā ʻano Vipera berus. ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa nā ʻaha ona i nā wahi a pau ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia, mai Sakhalin, ʻĀpana Hema, ma kahiki ʻo China i Sepania a me Portugal. Ma Lūkia, ka laha ʻana o ka viper maʻamau i ka pualikoa waena mai kahi ʻĀkau iā ʻAhope a hiki i ka ala lāʻau i ka hema. Akā ʻo ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o nā heluna kānaka ma kēia mau ʻāina.
- ʻaʻole oi aku ka palena o ka lehulehu ma mua o 0.15 i hoʻokahi / 1 km o ke ala ma nā wahi me ke ʻano ʻole.
- kahi i kūpono nā wahi i noho ai nā nahesa, “kulu ʻia” me ka nui o ka 3 mau kanaka / 1 km o ka huakaʻi.
I nā wahi like, ua koho ʻia nā kīpuka ma nā wahi o ke kaona o nā wahi moss, ke hāʻule nei o ka nahele, nā ʻalā nui, nā kīleʻa o nā ʻano kāwili i hoʻohui ʻia a me nā coniferous, nā kapa muliwai a me nā mea kanu. Ma luna o ke kai i ke kai, ʻoi ka mea hoʻohana ma mua o 3000 m.
ʻO ka maʻamau, he ʻano ola maikaʻi ʻo Vipera, kahi neʻe nui nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano ma mua o 100 m, a hiki wale i ka wā neʻe i ka puna a me ka hopena i hiki ke uhi i nā mamao o 5 mau hola, e kipa ana i nā manawa ākea ākea. Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻōmaʻi ma nā ʻano anthropogenic: nā māla ulu lāʻau, nā papahele o ka ʻāina a me nā hale kūwaho, nā hale haʻalele, i nā kīhāpai a me ka mahiʻai.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o ka viper maʻamau ma muli o nā hana kanakaa. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā puʻu, ke kāʻili nui o nā wahi wai, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ala ākea he nui, ʻo ka hoʻomohala holomua ʻana o nā ʻāina pāwi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pae ʻāina a me nā wāwahi i kahi mau wahi kaawale o ka noho ʻana o ka lahui Vipera, a ʻo ka mea ʻai no nā reptile e palupalu. Ke ʻano nei kēia ʻano i ka wāwahi a hōʻoki i nā lehulehu kanaka, hoʻomaka nā nāhelehele mai nā wahi i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kānaka. ʻOiai ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana i nā wahi i mālama pono ʻia nā ululāʻau, ma loko o Rūsia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka viper maʻamau i ka CC o kekahi mau ʻāina (Moscow, Saratov, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg) a me nā republics (Komi, Mordovia, Tatarstan) me ke kūlana "Ke hoʻokaʻawale nei i nā nui, nā manuahi palupalu." ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana ma nā ʻāina ʻoihana o ʻEulopa, kahi e pau nui ai ka nui o nā vipers.
Hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻano maikaʻi o ke kau ʻana ma ke ʻano o kahi viper maʻamau, e like me:
- hoʻoponopono kūlohelohe o ka helu o ka vectors rodent o ka maʻi ʻeha o ka tularemia,
- ka hana o kahi mea huna, ka mea e lawelawe pono ai ka waiwai kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka serum "Anti Viper",
ua hoʻonohonoho nā ʻoihana kaiaulu i ka hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūlana o nā ʻano ʻoi ʻo Vipera berus no ka maikaʻi aʻe.