Alpaca (lat.Vicugna pacos , he ʻohana kamela) he mea kanu hānai holoholona i mālama ʻia e nā kānaka ma mua o 6,000 mau makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole i like me nā llamas, ka mea i lawelawe i nā ʻohana kahiko kahiko i mau holoholona ʻohiʻohi, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā alpacas i mea waiwai i ka hulu hulu a me ka huluhulu no ka hana ʻana i nā lole mahana a me nā kāmaʻa.
ʻO nā kūpuna nā alpacas paha i ka mela artiodactyl o nā vicuna (lat.Vicugna vicugna ), maʻamau i nā Andes, ma Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile. Ma ka nui, ʻoi aku lākou i liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā guanacos (nā holoholona i lilo i progenitors o nā llamas), akā he mea like ko lākou nui o ka honua.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā vicunias, loaʻa i kēia holoholona, he mau pālua o nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa, e ulu aʻe nei e ulu mau (e like me nā rodents) i ke ola o nā holoholona. Noho nā pua o nā ʻōnoko ma nā papa kiʻekiʻe ʻoi aku ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 4500 - 5500 m. ʻO ka lauoho ʻumi a ikaika hoʻi e kōkua i nā holoholona i ola i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe, kahi i kahi loli ka hoʻololi.
Ina he 50 kg ka nui o nā melavilias ma 50 kg, a laila i kā lākou mau mamo, alpacas, hiki i ka 70 kg. ʻIke pinepine ka ulu ʻana o Alpaca ma mua o hoʻokahi mita. ʻAʻole kūpono nā holoholona no ke kahe, akā ʻike ʻia kā lākou maikaʻi e like me ka mea maikaʻi loa o ka honua i ko lākou ʻano. ʻElua mau subspecies o alpacas: Suri (lat. Suri) a me Wakaya (lat. Huacaya), kahi ʻē i ka lōʻihi a me ke kūlike o ke kapa. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo Suri e nā kāʻei lōʻihi o ke aahu o kona hulu e ʻā kokoke ana i ka lepo. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka huluhulu Wakaya, ua like me kahi palupalu palupalu a palupalu. No hoʻokahi makahiki, hoʻokahi hua holoholona mai 3 a 6 kg o ka huluhulu mau, mai kahi 1 a 3 kg o nā iʻa pono nui.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Alpacas ma waena o nā mea lōʻihi lōʻihi - ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe manawa i ke ola he 20 - 25 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā makahiki 14 makahiki. ʻO ka nui o nā alpacas ma ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe i kēia lā he mau miliona miliona. Hoʻohui ka holoholona i nā mea kanu mea kanu, nā nāhelehele, nā lau a me nā ʻōpala o nā perennials; ma nā kīhāpai, nāʻuala, nā huaʻai a me nā hoʻohui mea hoʻohui ʻia i kā lākou ʻaiʻai, i pili pono i ka maikaʻi o ka rune. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻo Alpacas ma mua o nā holoholona holoholona ʻē aʻe: e ʻoki ana kahi kime o 1 ha no ka hoʻoulu ʻia o nā holoholona he 25. Eia kekahi, pono lākou i ka wai hou. ʻO ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau holoholona ka nele o nā mea koʻikoʻi o luna, e pili ana me ka huki ʻana i nā ʻōpala me ko lākou lehelehe.
Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Alpacas i kēlā me kēia lā. I ke ahiahi, luhi lākou i ʻoki i ka meaʻai. Ma ka maʻamau o nā holoholona ma ke kuahiwi ʻo ka holoholona, mālama lākou i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i kahi o nā wahine me nā cubs a hoʻokahi alakaʻi. Ke lawe nei nā alpacas wahine i nā pēpē iʻoi aku ma mua o 11 mau mahina. Kuhi ma mua o hoʻokahi cub (ua hānau ʻia nā māhoe ma mua o 1000 hānau), ʻo ke kaumaha a ʻaʻole eʻoi aku i ka 1 kg.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka hoʻokūkū waiwai ʻo ka hulu wulu alpaca. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ke aniani a me ka ulu ʻana. ʻOkoʻa ke kala ʻōniʻoniʻo o ka huluhulu ma ke ʻano he keʻokeʻo, kaʻaila, beige a i kaʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele, a hiki i 52 mau ʻōlima (e like me ka helu ʻana ma Peru).
Kūleʻa kūleo ka hulu o ka Alpaca i ka hoʻoilo, no laila ke hiki ke nānā ʻia no ka wā lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ma lanolin, he māmā, ka ikaika, nā wela wela a me nā wai-repellent, nā waiwai hypoallergenic. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Alpaca hulu i ka mea i nā mea i kū i ka home i nā mea e pono ai, ka momona, a me ke ʻano ikaika a me ka hopena i nā mea mahana (nā pale, nā ʻūlū, nā wahi moe, nā lole), ka lole, ka wili a me nā kapa.
Hoʻohui ʻia me ka hulu hipa, ʻike nui ʻia ka ʻili a me ka hulu o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO ka palatability maikaʻi loa o ka ʻiʻo alpaca ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia huahana e nā mea lapaʻau a me nā loilo i ka lawehala e like me ka mea maikaʻi, olakino a me kaʻai. 100 g o ka alpac ʻai ka 23 g o ka protein a me kahi momona liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi kekahi holoholona holoholona i ka 23 kg o ka ʻiʻo, ka hapalua o ia mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā manu, ham, sausages.
Hoʻohana pinepine ka Alpacas e like me nā holoholona. Hoʻohālike lākou iā lākou e ka ʻoluʻolu, ka hoaaloha, ka naʻauao a me ka hoʻopiʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i nā pāʻani me nā keiki me nā maʻi kīnā, e hoʻomālamalama i ka minamina no ka poʻe o nā makahiki ʻelemakule, a he lawelawe no ka psychotherapy no ka poʻe e loaʻa nei ka hōʻehaʻeha.
Hōʻikeʻike Alpaca
ʻO kēia camelidae humpback ua hele mai kēia ma muli o ka hoʻoulu, hana ʻia e lawe mai i ka nānā i nā tamed me ka hulu kiʻekiʻe o ka huluhulu.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO Vicugna pacos (alpaca) i hakahaka i kekahi mau puaʻa kulou i hoʻoiho ʻia mai Vicugna vicugna (vicuna a vigon) paha. Aia ʻo Vicuna no ka suborder o nā callopods mai ka ʻohana Camelidae (nā kāmela).
Kāleka
Hōʻailona nā holoholona i ka call call ma muli o ke corpus callosum, ke hoʻololi nei iā lākou me ka wāwae a me ka hoof. Ua paʻa ʻia nā manamana lima ʻelua me lākou ma nā ʻāpana kihi, no ka mea, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā alpacas e hele, e hilinaʻi nei i nā phalanges o nā manamana lima. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole nā piʻilima a pau e kāohi ai i ka ʻai, e like me nā hipa a me nā kao. He kahalaha haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻo Alpaca, ʻaʻohe niho ma ka ʻākau o luna, a me nā mea e ulu ai ka ulu ʻana (e ulu ana ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa) ma ka haʻahaʻa. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā niho o luna, ʻohi nā holoholona i nā mea kanu me ko lākou mau lehelehe a e ʻūlū ʻia me ke kōkua o ko lākou mau keiki ʻōpiopio.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o Alpaca a me Llama
ʻO lāua nā ʻohana no nā kāmela, akā ke manaʻo ʻia ka alpaca i nā hua kūkaʻi o nā hua a Vicuna, a ʻo ka llama he huaʻāina o nā ʻano Guanaco. E ulu ana ʻo Alpaca, mai kahi mika, hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi ka nui ma mua o ka hipa, akā kokoke i ka hapalua o ka nui o kahi llama. Kūpaʻa ka alpaca pākeke he 45-80 kg, a me nā pālama elemakule - mai 90 a 160 kg. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka muzzle: i ka lama ʻo ia i hou aku i ke ʻano, i loko o ka alpaca - flattened. ʻAʻohe kahi loa o ka lauoho ma ke poʻo a me ke poʻo o ka llama, aʻo ka alpaca ka lōʻihi puaa e ulana ana i kona mau maka. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā pepeiao i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me kahi maiʻa maiʻa mai ke poʻo o ka lama. He liʻiliʻi nā auricles o Alpacas a like like me nā triangle.
I loko, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka huluhulu llama i ka ʻili o ka undercoat i kū i loko o ka pāleʻamaʻa hōhā. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka hoʻoponopono o ke huluhulu, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻokiʻoki i nā manawa he nui me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e ʻoi aku. Loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa ʻana i nā huapalapala. ʻAʻole pili pono nā alpacas i ka pīhoihoi, ʻā a me ka lawehala no ke kumu ʻole, e like me ka llamas e hana ai. Ke haʻalele nei ka mea hope i ka hui, aʻoiaiʻo alpacas e noho i ka pā.
He hoihoi! Ua maleʻe nā ʻano ʻelua, hana huarizo (oariso). E hoʻolohe ana ke aniani a mālama i ka lawelawe, akā ʻaʻole ia i kahi paakū o ka ulama a me ka mea kupaianaha kupaianaha alpaca, a ma waho aʻe, ʻaʻohe hiki ke hua hou.
A ka mea hope. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Alpacas e like me nā mea hana nui o ka huluhulu kūʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ai lākou i nā holoholona pack (like ʻole llamas). Ua ʻōlelo ʻia, ua paʻa ʻia nā kohu me nā hana a ke kahu hipa ke nānā nei lākou i ka alpaca.
Makemake e ʻike i nā mea āpau
He manu ʻo Alpaca, a ʻo oleama paha ka ʻohana kāmela. I nā hulu alpaca, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona e ʻike nei iā mākou i ka wehewehe o ka "ʻulu kāmela" pili nui.
I ke kālepa ʻana o ka lole huluhulu, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Benaca i kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻāla ʻana i nā lole mahana, i kā lākou ʻano waiwai e like me nā hipa, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO nā lole huluhulu i hana ʻia me ka hulu alpaca ʻaʻole wale ia he ʻaina mahana, ʻo ia nō, he mua ia, he hōʻailona o ka pono, a me ka hōʻailona i ka nani a me nā hana. ʻO nā mea hoʻolālā hana, e hoʻohui ana i ka hulu o kēia holoholona keu no kā lākou mau hana, hana i nā lole hulu manu i mea nani loa, nani i ka pā, pili i nā ʻoluʻolu a paʻa hoʻi i ka wā i ulana ʻia, e hoʻopili ana i ka maʻalahi a me ka hana, nani a me ka kūloʻo.
Pono ka hulu hipa o Alpaca. A no laila, a no muli nō hoʻi o kona mau hiʻohiʻona (ʻoiʻo ka huluhulu i loko ʻo ia), ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i kona ʻano maʻa. ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hulu alpaca i hōʻike nui ʻia i nā yarns i hui ʻia. Hoʻohui nui ʻia me nā huluhulu maʻamau a i ʻole merino, me nā kinipika pilikino (no ka laʻana, me ka acrylic) ua hoʻohana nui ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui o nā huahana i hana ʻia i ka hulu alpaca, ʻaʻole i haku ʻia ka spools i luna o lākou - nā pale lōʻihi e pale aku i ka palau.
Ua waiwai ia, a ʻo nā mea mua, no kāna huluhulu (24 mauʻano kūlohelohe), nona nā waiwai a pau o kahi hipa, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kaupaona ʻana. Hana ʻia ka 5 kg o ka huluhulu mai hoʻokahi kanaka; ua mālama ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki. ʻOi aku ka pololei o nā kelu o Alpaca ma mua o ka hulu hipa, ʻaʻohe momona a waiwai nui a silky me ka pua nani. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka huluhulu Alpaca ʻekolu mau manawa ikaika a ʻehiku mau mahana ma mua o ka hulu hipa. Noho kiʻekiʻe ma nā kuahiwi, kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻike ma waena o 30 mau lā a me ka pō, ua ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka alpaca ma mua o nā holoholona holoholona ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā moʻomeheu kahiko, nā moʻo weliweli, nā haʻukiʻi a me nā waiwai pono ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka pona o nā kiʻekiʻe, ʻoniʻoni a i ka manawa like e nā ana i nā pali, a me nā pekika impenetrable - ʻo kēia mau mea ʻo Peru, kekahi o nā wahi aloha punahele o Alpaca.
ʻO ka laulā ke'āpana o ka hulu alpaca he ākea loa, he 20 mau hoʻonaninani hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia - mai ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ma mua o ka beige a i ʻole ke kala - i ke aniani a ʻeleʻele. Ka mea maoli o ka hulu alpaca, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka naphthalene i ka wā mālama, a no laila, nā huahana kūlohelohe e like me lavender, tabako a me ka kedera i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea antimoles no ia.
I ka mua, ua hewa hewa nā alakaha i ka huaʻōlelo o ka llamas, akā i ka makahiki 2001 ua loli ka ʻauhau o nā ʻano ʻano mai Lama pacos a i Vicugna pacos, ʻike i nā kūpuna o nā alpacas he vicunas, ʻaʻole nā guanacos, nā kūpuna o nā llamas hale. Ke paʻakikī i ka hoʻoholo pololei ʻana i ka genus i nā lālā ʻehā o ka ʻohana kāmela i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema e hiki i nā hua i ka hihia o nā keaka interspecific, a hiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa DNA wale nō ke hāʻawi i kahi pane pololei i ke kumu o alpacas.
ʻO Llamas a me alpacas i ka wā hānai e hāʻawi i nā hua - nā wharisos - ʻaʻole hiki ke hānau hou aʻe, akā he ʻalupalu loa a no laila ke kūpono i ka hana o nā holoholona.
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻelua mau ʻano ʻelua o ka Alpaca: ʻo Suri (Suri) a me Huacaya (Wakaya). Hoʻokomo wale nā holoholona i ke ʻano o ko lākou hulu.
ʻO ka huluhulu Alpaca, ka mea maʻamau o ka waihoʻoluʻu kūlohelohe, a me ka palette e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO ka holoholona iho "kaniʻi" i ka leo kūpono. Hiki ke ʻōuliʻeleʻele, a me nā aniani a pau, brown a me ke kala, akā ke aloha keʻokeʻo. Ke ulu nui i nā albinos, pono i ka Peruvian e hōʻuluʻulu nui, a i kekahi manawa pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono ponoʻī i loko o nā fibers, e wehe ana i kahi kāʻei lole like.
Nui ke aloha o nā kānaka i ka gamut o ka hulu alpaca, a hoʻohana nā ʻEulopa i nā hana hoʻohālike.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻōpio o ka alpaca, ʻoi aku ka palupalu a palupalu, no laila e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aho o nā holoholona ʻōpio no nā lole huluhulu mahana, a ʻo kahi lei ʻakiʻī i kūpono no nā kalapu.
ʻO ka huluhulu Alpaca kahi hua ʻoki maoli mai alpaca. Hiki ke māmā a kaumaha paha, hilinaʻi i ke ʻano o ka wā i hoʻopī ʻia ai. He leʻaleʻa, ʻano paʻa, nani a hoʻoneʻe ma ke ʻano maoli. ʻAʻole like me ka huluhulu like, he ʻaoa kēia pulu, ʻaʻole popo, ʻaʻole hoʻi he lanolin, nāna ia i hypoallergenic. ʻO ka huluhulu Huacaya alpaca, e ulu me kahi palupalu palupalu palupalu, he mau curls kūlohelohe, ka mea ia e waiwai ai no kahi kaula elastic, kūpono no ka ʻūlū. ʻOi aku ka hulu o Suri alpaca i kahi liʻiliʻi a me nā mea i ʻoi aku ka kūpono no nā mea lino, akā nani nō hoʻi. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Kūorgio Armani i ka huluhulu alpaca suri i nā lole kāne a me nā wahine.
Hāʻawi ʻia nā huahana like ʻole mai ka hulu alpaca, mai nā lole maʻalahi a me nā kumu kūʻai i hana ʻia ma nā kaiāulu kūloko a i nā huahana paʻakikī, nā hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku, e like me nā lole. MaʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hui pū kekahi mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi ʻo alpaca e hana i nā "Fiber Cooperatives" e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā hua uila alpaca.
I kona kūlana pilikino, ua like ka fiber alpaca me ka lauoho, ʻoluʻolu loa. ʻO ka hulu o Alpaca ka like me ka hulu hipa merino, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka tenac alpaca ma mua o nā kaula hulu. ʻAʻole nā lua i ke kuʻekuʻe e ʻike ʻia ana ma nā wāwae kuʻekuʻe a i ʻole nā liko i ka hulu hipa e ʻike ʻia i nā lole like alpaca. I ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i nā fiber, e hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka ikaika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lime twisting, ʻoi loa no ka suri alpaca, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona mau kikoo, akā hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i ka palupalu o ke kahena.
He kapa keʻokeʻo a māmā a maikaʻi ka Alpaca. ʻAʻole ia e mālama i ka wai, mahana a hiki i kahi ʻāina mālo a hiki ke pale i ka kūlohelohe o ka lā. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e hōʻoia i kahi holoholona kahi kapa paʻa a kūpono no kēlā me kēia wā e pale i nā loli wikiwiki i ke kauwela. Hāʻawi kēia fiber i ka pale like no ka poʻe.
Aia pū ka pūhaka Alpaca i nā mokulele mikroskopiko i hiki iā ia ke hana i nā pulu māmā, a me nā ʻano lole like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale a haʻalele paha nā ʻōnaehana ma ke kikowaena o ka fiber. Hoʻololi ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ka alpaca i ka alpaca, a ʻoi aku kekahi mau mea ʻoiʻu ʻonelin (fluffy) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka huluhulu a me nā mohair. He mea maikaʻi ʻole kēia. Hiki i nā fibel Myelinated ke lawe i ka peʻe liʻiliʻi, ke kū nei i nā lole i pau, a nāwaliwali.
ʻO ka leka alaka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa e pili ana i 18 a 25 micrometers ma ke anawaena. Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i ka hulu alpaca me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, a no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻoi aku. Hoʻoulu ka laula o ka fiber me ka makahiki i ka alpacas, e hoʻonui ka laulā ana mai ka 1 μm a me 5 μm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ke kumu no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka holoholona, a inā e kau ʻoe i ka nui o nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole ʻeha ka holoholona, a lilo ʻole ka mānoanoa. ʻO ka huluhulu alpaca iʻoi aku he 34 mau micrometer i helu ʻia ʻia e ka hulu wili.
E like me nā holoholona āpau e pili pono ana i ka hulu hipa, ʻokoʻa ka maikaʻi o ka leo mai ka holoholona i ka holoholona, a ʻo ka lauoho o kekahi alpacas i kahi mamao loa. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka momona a me ke ahonui ka mea koʻikoʻi o nā mea nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka hana o nā alpacas.
Hele mai nā Alpacas i nā kala like ʻole, mai aniani a ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, kālā-kālā a ke keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a me ka hina. Eia nō naʻe, ke makemake ka keʻokeʻo, ke kumu o ke koho ʻana: hiki ke hoʻonaninani ʻia nā ʻōpala keʻokeʻo i kahi laulā ʻē aʻe. Aia ma ʻAmelika Hema, makemake ʻia ke keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai he mau lole maikaʻi lākou ma mua o nā holoholona ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia no ka mea kaulana nui nā kalaʻeleʻele me nā mea puaʻa. I kēia mau lā, ke hoʻoikaika nei nā mea hoʻouluulu i nā holoholona e hakakā i nā momona poʻohiwi, a ua hana i ka holomua nui ma mua o nā makahiki he 5-7 i hala.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana e hoʻomākaukau ai, hoʻopili ʻia, hoʻokele, a hoʻopiha i ka hana me ka hulu hipa oaca e like like me ke kaʻina hana i hoʻohana ai i ka hulu hipa.
Ua loaʻa ʻo Alpacas i ʻAmelika Hema no ka millennia. ʻO Vicunas (e like me kā lākou i kapa ʻia ma laila) ua hoʻopuni mua ʻia ʻo ia e nā ʻohana Andean kahiko ma Peru, Argentina, Chile a me Bolivia. Ua lawe ʻia aku hoʻi ʻo Alpacas i nā'āina ʻē aʻe i kēia mau makahiki i hala.I nā ʻāina e like me ka USA, Australia a me New Zealand, e ʻoki ana ka poʻe kahu holoholona i kā lākou holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki, kaupaona ka huluhulu a nānā i kona ʻano. Mahalo i nā ʻike i loaʻa, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohiwahiwa i nā holoholona me nā mea ʻoi a me nā hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Hoʻololi ʻia ka paona o ka nastriga mai kēlā me kēia alpaca, hiki nō ke ʻoki a hiki i ka mea hiki ke kō mai ke kāne a hiki i 7 kg o ka huluhulu, nona ka 3 kg he fiber o ka maikaʻi loa.
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka makemake nui i nā lole alo alo o alpaca, a ʻo kekahi hapa paha no ka mea, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ulu ʻana o ka alpaca. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe hoihoi haʻuki e ʻoi aku ka māmā a me ka mahana o nā huahana alpaca, ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu i ke anuanu, no laila e hoʻomaka ana nā mea hana o nā kāmaʻa haʻuki a me nā lole ʻē aʻe e kūʻai aku i nā huahana alpaca. ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi kāwili ʻana o ka pāpaʻi alpaca a me merino ka mea i ʻike i ka ʻoihana fiber e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana hope.
I Dekemaba 2006, ua hoʻolaha ʻo United Nations General Assembly i ka makahiki 2009 o ka International Year of Natural Fibers i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka alpaca a me nā mea maoli maoli.
Kūwau
He lei huluhulu loloa a Alpaca e kau ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ma 15-20 cm, kahi e hele ai i ka manaʻo, ka lole a me ka uhu paha. Ua hānai ʻia nā holoholona ma ke ʻano like me ka hipa, akā loaʻa iā lākou i ka hulu 3 mau manawa ikaika a ʻo 7 mau manawa iʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā hipa. Aia i ka palette waihoʻoluʻu ma mua o 52 (!) Nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa (akā ʻaʻole kaʻilihune) ma waena o ka ʻike ʻia he keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ua maʻalahi ka pehu.
He koi nui ka huluhulu albino a kūʻai aku i ke kumu kūʻai ʻoi aku, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka alpacas keʻokeʻo. ^ E Ha yM. Nui ka waiwai o ka wahine mai nā holoholona ʻōpiopio, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui (a hiki i 1 kg i 2 mau makahiki). No ka ʻōlelo hoʻopuka, hāʻawi ka alpaca pākeke i 5 kg.
ʻO ka waiwai o ka hulu alpaca:
- ʻaʻole i ka lanolin (momona i ka huluhulu hipa)
- ʻaʻole hoʻomaka ka hypoallergenic (lepo mites ma loko)
- ʻaʻole palulu ke lauoho a ʻaʻole popo e like me ka hipa,
- ā pale i ka luku kūwaho o waho,
- māmā loa
- hoihoi maikaʻi i ka wai.
Hoʻololi kēia mau ʻano āpau i ka hulu alpaca i huahana waiwai nui, nona ka mea e pono ai, ʻoluʻolu, maʻemaʻe, hōʻoluʻolu a paʻa hoʻi.
Nui! ʻO nā kāpela, nā palaka a me nā moe i hana ʻia e ka hulu alpaca i pau i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka pono o kahi pristine no ka lōʻihi. Nā lole lole i ulana ʻia a i ka hōʻailona me ka inoa ʻo "Alpaca" ʻaʻole e maloʻo, mai kaʻe, ʻōwili i ke kau anuanu a hoʻomehana i ka wela.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā kānaka i nā huahana, a nānā ʻole i kā lākou kumukūʻai nui.
Ke ola ma ke ʻano
Hoʻopili ʻia nā Alpacas i nā pipi liʻiliʻi, maʻamau ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokahi kāne a me ka wahine wahine 4-10. He ʻohana nui ko ka ʻohana me ka hōʻole ʻana o nā kāne o waho a me kahi hakakā kūloko no nā kūlana. E ala kiaʻi i nā holoholona i ke ao a hoʻomaha i ka pō: i kēia manawa kuʻi ikaika lākou i ka ʻai i ʻai ʻia i ke ao. E kamaʻilio me nā hoahānau o ka alpaca, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōlelo kino, me ka ʻaina ʻana i ka pepeiao, hoʻohuli i ka ʻāʻī a me ke kūlana o ke kino.
Ke luhihewa nei nā lālā o ka ʻohana i kekahi ʻē aʻe a ua huhū loa lākou. Ma ke kānāwai, holo lākou mai ka pilikia. ʻOiai ke kūpono o nā mauna, hiki i ka alpacas (like ʻole me nā kao kuahiwi) ke kanu wale i nā wahi ākea me kahi ʻāina nui. Loaʻa nā mea ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o nā heiau (me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o 30 degere) e nā hiʻohiʻona kupanaha o ka hulu, me ka puʻu ʻana o nā ʻāpana koko ʻōmaʻomaʻo. E like me nā callosus ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole puni ka nui o ke koko alaula, akā oval, no laila aia ka nui o lākou. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui o nā sela koko ʻulaʻula, ʻoluʻolu nā hanu a me ka ea ʻilihune.
Alpaca a me ke kāne
I ka hoʻopio ʻana, hoʻolōʻihi koke ka alpacas i nā kānaka, e hōʻike ana i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi - pākuhi, noho maluhia, hilahila a me kaʻohiʻoni. I ka ʻōlelo o ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻoi aku lākou me he pēpē, ke hoʻokokoke nei lākou i kahi kanaka e pili ana i kā lākou makemake. E like me nā kāmela, alpacas maʻamau ka manawa, akā hana lākou ia i nā hana ma mua o ka llamas, a maʻamau hoʻi, inā pono, hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho mai ka honu ʻōpū ʻole.
He hoihoi! Kūkā nui ʻia ʻo Spits i nā hoahānau i loko o ka ʻohana a hiki pinepine i nā poʻe aloha ʻole. ʻO nā wahine i kahi kūlana hoihoi "pana i ka wa" me ka lawaiʻa mai nā kāne nui lascivious e hoʻopuni ana iā lākou.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo nā alapaha ka poʻe akamai a me nā mea maʻemaʻe e kū nei i ka pono o nā keʻena lehulehu (ua lako pono ma nā kīhāpai). Makemake nā holoholona i ka wai, kahi a lākou e wāola ai, ʻauʻau ʻole ai wahaheʻe wale. Mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa e hana lākou i nā kani kūlike e like me ka hipa e ʻoluʻolu ana. ʻO ka mea i pakele i ka alpaca i hōʻailona i ka pōʻino o Incas, ma hope o ka mea e pono ai ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a komo paha i ka artiodactyl. I kēia manawa, komo pū ka alpacas i nā hōʻola holoholona a mea holoholona paha, e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ana i nā keiki a me nā pākeke.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai nā alpacas?
Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, ʻo ka holoholona hihiu kūlohelohe wale nō, ʻo ka hoʻolimalima i ka hapa nui o ka manawa i ke kuahiwi, e noho lōʻihi ana - a hiki i 20-25 mau makahiki.. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka home alpaced bred ma nā mahiʻai, hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ke ola ma ka manawa ʻekolu - a hiki i 7 mau makahiki (ʻike pono ʻia.
Nā kikowaena Alpaca
Hōʻulu ka lua puaʻa i ʻelua mau ʻokoʻa i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻatikala / Huacaya (Wakaya) a me Suri (Suri) paha. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mea maʻamau, ʻo Huacaya ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia ka alpaca. He kapa pōkole ʻo Wakaya, kahi e ulu nui ai ka lauoho i ka ʻili, hāʻawi i nā holoholona i ke ʻano o nā mea pāʻani plush.
ʻO Suri me kāna huluhulu loloa loloa e ulana ana ma lalo o ka dreadlocks he mea kūʻokoʻa wale nō (5% a 120 mau poʻo o nā poʻo) a ʻo ka mea waiwai nui (ʻelua a ʻoi loa ka nui me ke ʻano ʻo Wakaya) alpaca. ʻO ka huluhulu Suri ia i hele mua i nā lole i ka poʻe i hoʻonani ʻia. ʻO Fleece Suri (ke kūpaʻa ʻana o Wakaya) ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa hou aʻe. ʻAʻole ona lauoho ʻōpala e hoʻemi i ka maikaʻi o ka hulu, akā aia nā lauoho ʻolihi kūpono (19-25 microns) me nā pihi ʻihi.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ʻAmelia Peruana e hānai i nā kūpuna o alpaca ma kahi o 6 mau makahiki i hala. Wahi a ka moʻomeheu, ʻo ka hulu o nā holoholona (a me nā manure i hoʻohana ʻia no ke ahi mea waiwai) e kiʻi ʻia ka inoa hoʻonaninani "ʻano o nā akua."
A i ko mākou manawa, ʻo alpaca, ka hapa nui o ka noho ʻana o Peru, e waiho nei i kahi waiwai nui o ka loaʻa kālā no nā Indians i kēia manawa. Eia kekahi, noho nā holoholona ma ke kūkulu ʻākau Kūwū, ʻEkuador, komohana ʻo Bolivia a me ʻAmelika. Hūlū ʻia nā pua o Alpaca i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o Peru (800 m ma luna o ke kai) a kāʻili ʻia i nā kiʻekiʻe o Andes (ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3.5-5.0 tausani m), hiki i ka palena o ka hau me nā mea ulu ulu.
ʻĀina ʻaʻai Alpaca
ʻAʻohe aneane like ʻole me ka meaʻai o ka lio - ʻo ka alpacas he mau palau a maʻa mau nā manaʻo me ka mauʻu ʻōpiopio. ^ E Ha yM. Ma kahi ʻeka eka, hiki i nā holoholona 6-10.
Aia ka papa kuhikuhi i ka papa kuhikuhi:
Ke ʻimi nei i nā mea kanu keu a maikaʻi loa, nā loea artiodactyl e nānā pono i nā pākuʻi kiʻekiʻe a neʻe ikaika loa. Inā pono, hele ka ʻohana i nā wahi ʻoi aku ka nui. Hoʻonui pinepine ka meaʻai waiwai i ka nui o ka ʻai ma ka kanu ʻana i ka clover a i ʻole alfalfa i ka nahele, a me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana i nā minerala a me ka mauʻu i ka ʻai alpaca.
I ka wā e hānai ai, pono e nānā ʻia kekahi mau ʻōmole:
- mahi ʻai
- mauʻu hay (me nā protein),
- ka palena kūpono o nā minuke
- parasit a me nā mea momona hoʻohui (i hoʻokahi manawa hoʻokahi),
- ka palena ʻole ma ka wai.
He hoihoi! ʻO ke kauā nei i ka meaʻai ma luna o ka mauʻu / mauʻu, ʻoiai ka nui o kēlā me kēia lā kahiʻai i ʻai ʻia - 1,5 kg no 55 kg o ka paona ponoʻī. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻai ʻia e hoʻokahi makahiki i ka 500 kg o ka mauʻu i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka hānai i hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka makahiki (cub a i ʻole he makua), ka wahine, ka wahine a me ka lactation.
Pahu a keiki
He wā pau ʻole ka laha ʻana o Alpaca a kū i ka makahiki. ^ E Ha yM. Ua uhi ʻia ke alakaʻi i nā wahine a pau pono wahine. I kekahi manawa hui pū kekahi mele i loko o nā pā nui, kahi e hopohopo ai i nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne.
ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o alpaca i ka noho pio ʻana e hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā kānaka, e hoʻomaka ana i nā holoholona heterosexual i loko o nā hale hoʻokaʻae a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā kāne e hoʻohiki maikaʻi ana.
ʻAʻole waiwai nui ka wahine i ka male ʻole, akā loaʻa iā lākou nā mea waiwai e hoʻohiwahiwa i nā manawa a pau o ka makahiki a i ʻole ka laʻa, no ka mea, pili ʻia ka ovulation me kēlā me kēia kelepona me nā kāne. Ua mākaukau ka wahine no ka moe kolohe ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻano kupaianaha, ʻo ka hua ke hānau ma kēlā me kēia manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 mau makahiki.
Hōʻea ka ʻike maka 11 mau mahina, e hoʻomaka ana i ka hānau ʻana o kahi cub, ma hope o hoʻokahi hola, ke hilinaʻi nei ma kona mau wāwae. Ke kaupaona nei ka alpaca hou i 1 kg, akā ke wikiwiki nei i ka paona, e hōʻea ana i 30 kg e kona mau mahina 9 (ʻo ka manawa ma kēia manawa a pau ka makuahine i ka hānai iā ia i ka waiu). Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu kino kūlohelohe a hiki i ke kolu o ke ola o ke ola, a me nā hana hoʻohua o ka alpacas "ala aʻe" ma hope o 2 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā callopod he mau kapa kamaʻāina nui a me nā leopards. E hakakā ana ʻo Alpacas i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e hoʻolilo ana i kā lākou forelimbs a me kā lākou mea kaua i kau inoa, kinaina. Ke pale ʻana iā lākou iho, hana nā holoholona i ke kani e hōʻike ana i kā lākou mau hoa no ka pilikia.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Manaʻo nā mea kākoʻo o ka holoholona ʻaʻole he mea hoʻoweliweli i ka noho ʻana o ka alpaca, no laila ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia i ka International Red Book.
Nui! Mālama ʻia kēia ʻano e ke kānāwai kaiapuni o Peru e pāpā ana i ka hoʻokele a me ka luku o ka alpaca. Wahi a ka ʻike hou, he heluna nui ʻo kāna iwi Peruana ma mua o 3 miliona mau kānaka (88% o ka lehulehu honua).
Hoʻololi hou ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻolauna i nā holoholona ma loko o ka holoholona hihiu (ma waho aʻe o ʻAmelika Hema), akā ua kūleʻa lākou i nā pā liʻiliʻi a me nā kahu hānai ma Australia (ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 tausani mau holoholona), ʻEulopa a me USA. ʻIke pū ʻia ʻo Alpaca ma Rūsia: hiki ke kūʻai ʻia kahi wahine no $ 13 tausani, he kāne no $ 9 tausani.