He holoholona holoholona ʻokoʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kahi gazeli. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai ka palena o ka moʻo a hiki i ke kumu o ka huelo o nā kāne mai 105 a 148 cm, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mauʻu he 62–84 cm. Heʻu iki ka nui o nā wahine (ka lōʻihi o ke kino 100-112 cm, kiʻekiʻe ma kahi mauʻu 54-774 cm). ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ka ʻihi o ke ana mai 215 a 255 mm. Ola paona 16-24 kg, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 30-32 kg. He māmā ke kino, ʻulala, wāwae nā wāwae. ʻO 2-3 ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōpū maʻa ma kahi o 2-3 cm ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo. Hāʻawi ke poʻo i ka manaʻo o kahi rougher ma mua o ka gazelle, ua pālahalaha ka mua o ka ʻōpiopio. Uhi ʻia ka lehelehe ma luna o ka lauoho, he kaula liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka ʻili ʻōiwi ma waena o nā kihi o lalo o nā ihu a i ka ʻaoʻao o ka lehelehe o ka lehelehe luna e mālama ʻia mai ke aniani o ka waha. ʻEleʻele ka iris. He pōkole nā ​​pepeiao, aia wale nō he 9-12 cm, me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.

ʻO nā kāne wale nō ke hoʻohālikelike, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā gazelles, nā ʻūpihi zeren a i oi iki ke koʻikoʻi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou lōʻihi i ka lōkihi.

He palupalu ka helehelena lauoho, akā palupalu ma nā poʻo o ka lauoho. ʻAʻohe mea hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe o ia mea i loko o ka lauoho hope a me undercoat. Maʻa ka lauoho o ka hoʻoilo ma ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho ma ka hope o 5 cm I ke kauwela, he spise a pōkole ka hulu, ma ka maʻamau he 2-3 cm. Ua uhi nā poʻo a me ka lei i ka lauoho lōʻihi ma mua o ka ihu a me nā pāpālina. ʻO kahi lauoho lōʻihi lōʻihi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lehelehe o ka lehelehe, ma nā ihu, hoʻohāukiuki a kūlou i nā kihi, e like me kahi kui a hoʻonui i ka manaʻo o ka humuhumu ʻana o ka ihu o mua i ka muzzle. Ma ke kua o ka ʻāʻī, ma ka wahi o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōlepoki a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, lahilahi ka lauoho; i ke kauwela, huila mai ke kino iā lākou. Loaʻa ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka huelo a me kahi ākea a puni ke anus. Hoʻokaʻawale ka lauoho ma luna o ke kino o luna mai ke kumu, he kukui keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele hoʻi i luna, akā kokoke loa i ka puka luna i kahi aniani melemele i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ʻeleʻele nā ​​kihi o ka lauoho ʻeleʻele. Ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kahi huluhulu māmā i nā wahi ʻulaʻulaʻula, a me nā kala kala-ʻulaʻeleʻele.

Jeren

ʻO Dzeren, a i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ia paha, ʻo ka goiter antelope e pili ana i nā holoholona i kākau ʻia ma ka Red Book i lalo o ke kūlana o kahi ʻano i aneane pau loa mai ke kahua o Rūsia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke aloha ʻenehana i kēia ʻano holoholona i ka manawa hoʻokahi ke alakaʻi nei i ke ʻano ua aneane pau loa mai kēia wahi.

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ʻO Dzeren kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻoluʻolu a me ke aniani māmā. Mālamalama no ka mea ʻaʻole eʻoi aku kona koʻikoʻi ma mua o 30 kilograms me ka lōʻihi o ka hapalua mita. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi huelo - 10 mau kenimika wale nō, akā lawe lima wale nō. ʻO nā wāwae o nā antelope ka ikaika loa, akā i ka manawa like i nā mea lahilahi. ʻO kēia hoʻolālā o ke kino e ʻae iā lākou e maʻalahi me ka lanakila i ka lōʻihi a holo i ka pilikia.

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He ʻokoʻa nā ʻokoʻa o nā wahine - ʻo lākou ka liʻiliʻi o ka palu ma ka wahi i loko o ka ʻōpū, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo goiter, a me nā pū. He lei wahine ka wahine. E like me ka mua, a ma ka lua, ua ʻeleʻele ke kala, a kokoke i ka ʻōpū e lilo i māmā, kokoke ke keʻokeʻo.

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Kahi liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā pepeiao o ka huaʻa - wale wale nō he 30 kenimika ke kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke kumu heʻeleʻele lākou, a kokoke i ka piko i lilo lākou i mama. Ua pānaʻi lākou i ka ʻano. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mauʻu ma ka hapalua mika.

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ʻO Habitat a me ke ʻano

Manaʻo kēia ʻano antelope i nā ʻāpanaʻo steppe i wahi maikaʻi loa nona iho, akā hele pū kekahi i nā kihi pihi mauna. I kēia manawa, noho nui ka holoholona ma luna o ke ala o Mongolia a me Kina. A i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, aia ʻo dzeren ma ka ʻāina o Russia i ka nui he nui - hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ʻāina ʻo Altai, ma East Transbaikalia a me Tuva. A laila noho mālie nā tausani o kēia mau holoholona. I kēia manawa ma kēia mau wahi, hiki ke loaʻa pinepine kahi anele.

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Ma Lūkia, ua nalowale nā ​​grains ma muli o ka hopena maikaʻi o kekahi mau mea. No laila, i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, ua hopu ʻia lākou no ka ʻohi ʻana i ka ʻai. Ma mua o kēia, ʻo ka emi ʻana o kā lākou mau helu ma muli o ka hopu, a me ka leʻaleʻa wale - ke hopu ʻana i kahi antelope i kahi kaʻa ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka make a make ka holoholona mai nā pū, nā kaʻa kaʻa, a i ʻole ka makaʻu.

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Ua hana nui ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana agrarian i kēia mea - ke kīloi i nā ʻāpana wāwae i hōʻemi ʻia i nā wahi noho a hōʻemi i ka nui o nā wahi hānai. A ʻo nā mea maoli kūlohelohe o ka hōʻemi o ka nui o nā holoholona, ​​ʻo ia nā mea wānana a me nā haʻalulu maloʻo.

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I ka makahiki 1961, ua pāpā ʻia ʻole ka lawaiʻa ʻana no nā huapalapala, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kūlana.

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Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai i ka hopena o ke ngahulepule a hele a kokoke a hiki i Ianuali. I kēia manawa, hoʻopau nā kāne mai ka pipi, a hui pū pū kekahi o nā kāne iā lākou. No laila, loaʻa ka "harem" mai hoʻokahi kāne a he 5-10 wahine.

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ʻO ka hapalua nā lāmeka, e hānau ʻia nā cubs i ka manawa mahana. Ua hānau ʻia nā pēpē 1-2, ʻo ia ka makahiki o ʻeono mau makahiki e lilo i ʻōpio mau makua.

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Kāne

He holoholona ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Dzeren i ke kaona wale nō a noho wale i ka pipi, he ʻelua o nā haneli a he mau tausani. Ma ko lākou ʻano, he nui nā ʻano o nā holoholona - hele koke lākou mai kahi a i kekahi.

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Hoʻohana lākou i ka hānai me nā lau āpau. ʻO ka wai, i ka wā mahana, i ka wā o ka momona, hiki iā lākou ke hana me ia no kekahi manawa. Kūpono lākou i ka wā kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, akā i ke ahiahi hoʻi makemake lākou e hoʻomaha.

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Hoʻopili maoli nā antelope i ka hoʻoilo, ke aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hau. Wahi a nā helu helu, aia i kēia manawa he 1 miliona mau kānaka o kēia ʻano i ka honua, akā ua aneane nui lākou a noho ma ka ʻāina ʻo Mongolia a me Kina.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻEkolu mau ʻohana o kēia mau mommals mai ka ʻohana o bovids, zeren:

Ua ʻokoʻa lākou i ka hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena a me ke ʻano. Ma Central Asia, nā mea like o nā gazelle i like nā mea like me kēia mau holoholona e ola ana a hiki i kēia lā. I nā papa o Pliocene Upper ma ke kahua o Kina, ua loaʻa nā koena o nā mea transi artylodyl palalike.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Dzeren mai ka laina maʻamau o nā antelope e pili ana i ka Pleistocene luna, ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka genus Gazella, ʻo ia ko lākou kumu mua. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona molekole mau ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka genus Procapra kokoke i ke ʻano o ka dwarf antelopes Madoqua.

ʻO kēia mau mea artiodactyls ua pālahalaha loa i ka wā o nā mammoths, ma kahi o ʻumi tausani mau makahiki i hala. Ua noho lākou i nā ʻāpana tundra-ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia; me ka mahana ʻana o ke aniau, ua neʻe pinepine lākou i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻAmelika. Ua paʻakikī loa nā grara. Hiki iā lākou ke hele i nā wahi ākea e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka wai.

ʻO ka noho ʻana o kēia mau ʻano he anu anu anu me nā pihi haʻahaʻa. I ke kauwela, hele maʻalahi lākou, neʻe i loko o ka hale maʻamau. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā holoholona ke komo i ka wao nahele a me ka semi-wao. Ua komo lākou i nā wahi o ka ulu lāʻau i loko o ka hoʻoilo ma ka wā paʻakikī i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai i loko o ka papa ʻaina.

Ka hoʻomoʻa a ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā ʻōpala

Nui nā ʻano o ka gazelles no ka subgenus Procapra Hodgson, a i kēia manawa a ma ko lākou moʻolelo mua hoʻi, ua pili pū me ka ʻāina ʻo Asia Central. Eia eia naʻe, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ko lākou kūpuna mai ka ʻōpala kūnoa i ke kiʻekiʻe Pliocene. I loko o nā papa o kēia wā ma Kina, me nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, ʻike ʻia nā koena o nā puka i mālama ʻia i ka fossa pre-infraorbital maikaʻi i ulu ʻia, ka mea maʻamau o ka gazela, akā ʻo ka premolar hope ka mea i loaʻa ka ʻano o ka subgenus Procapra.

Hoʻolāleʻa a me ke ʻano ola o Dzeren

Hoʻoholo ʻia ke koho o nā noho i ka hoʻoilo ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ke ʻano o ka uhi hau. Ma Mongolia, i ka manawa mua o ka hoʻoilo, mālama nā zerens i nā lei manu a me ka hōʻai manu. Hōʻalo ʻia kēia mau wahi ʻai mai ka ulu ʻana o ka māla ʻana a inā hāʻule ka hau hohonu, holo ka holoholona i nā wahi me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hau a me ka waiwai o ka ʻai. E neʻe ana kekahi o lākou i ka ʻākau i kahi ʻāpana māhina, i ka laʻana, i nā kihi Daurian o Transbaikalia, ʻo kekahi, ke neʻe hūnā i ka hema o kahi neʻe no nā wahi ʻoi, a he wao hoʻi, kahi kahi holoholona e komo ʻole ai i ke kauwela. Ma kahi kokoke i Hailar, i nā weli ka nui, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka zeren e noho i loko o nā kīʻaha me nā puʻu one kiʻekiʻe a hiki i nā ʻūhā paʻu, pakele mai nā makani a me nā hau hau. ʻO ka hele ʻana o ka hoʻoilo ma kahi paʻa o ka wao nahele a i kekahi manawa ua hōʻike ʻia nō hoʻi nā ululāʻau mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe, ma ke ʻano kānāwai, he mau wahi ikaika kēia i kahi pilikia i ka zeren e pakele mai ko lākou ʻenemi nui - ʻo ia ka ʻīlio. Ma nā hihia kūʻokoʻa loa, i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka hau ma ka auwai, nā palala, ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau e pale aku ai i nā liʻiliʻi ʻōiwi uluwau, ke koi ʻia e piʻi i nā kuahiwi i mea e ʻai ai i nā pupu ʻā ʻana o ka makani. ʻO ka hele mau ʻana i nā ʻalā ma ka pūnāwai, mai Iune a i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai mai Mongolia a hiki i nā kihi Chui, a hoʻi hou i ka hāʻule o ka ʻ Trle ʻo Black, i hana ʻia ma ka Soviet Russia.

I kekahi mau hihia, ua manaʻo ʻia ka lōʻihi o nā neʻe o ka manawa i nā hua he haneli mau haneli. Ma ka nui o nā wahi, kū mālie a like ʻole e ʻike ʻia nā neʻe like ʻole, akā ʻike ʻia ka hele mua ʻana o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO ke kumu o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pūnāwai he mau tausani o nā pua luahine ma Mongolia i nānā ʻia e Andrews. ʻO nā neʻe i ka hoʻoilo o nā holoholona ma kahi nui o nā makahiki o ka jute. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pua o nā hua he nui i kēia mau hihia e hana i nā lōkihi lōʻihi a hana hewa hoʻi i ka huli ʻana i nā wahi me nā meaʻai kūpono. Aia i loko o ia mau makahiki i ʻike ʻia ka hua pua ʻala he nui i mālama ʻia ma ka ʻūraka hikina o Kina a ma Transbaikalia.

Kai hānai

ʻO nā lāʻau kanu e ulu ana i ko lākou mau wahi noho i lawelawe i meaʻai no zeren.

Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā ʻano he nui ʻē aʻe, ke ʻano liʻiliʻi o ka ʻano o ka meaʻai. I ke kauwela, ke kumu o ka mālamaʻai, e like me ka nānā ʻana a me nā haʻawina ʻana o nā ʻōpū o nā ʻōpū, he ʻano ʻano ʻano cereals: mauʻu hulu, hōʻai manu, deer. I loko o nā ʻōpū o ka nui o nā holoholona i loko o nā nui he nui nō hoʻi nā koena o nā ʻala like ʻole. ʻO nā lau ka meaʻai nui o zeren i nā anuʻu o ke komohana hema o Kina. ʻIke ʻia, akā ʻoluʻolu, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻawaʻawa, hodgepodge a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka forbs e ʻai ʻia - limu a me kā lākou hua, palē ʻia loa, caragana, barbel, tansy a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka ulana, nā hulu manu ka meaʻai nui o ka zeren i ka hoʻoilo, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao kuahiwi ma kēia manawa ua nui nā mea hou i loko o ka ʻai o kēia holoholona.

Kālau hua - nā ʻāina kūloko maoli

Hōʻikeʻike:

1. I.I. Sokolov "Fauna o ka USSR, Ungulates" Hale Paʻi o ka Hale Paʻi o ke ʻIaʻepekema, Moscow, 1959.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kuhi: Nā holoholona holoholona

Hoʻohālike kona like me ka nui o ka pua roe Siberian, akā me ke kino nui, he puʻupuʻu pōkole a me kahi kua i haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā holoholona nā manamana a me nā ʻūʻī liʻiliʻi a me ke poʻo nui. He kiʻekiʻe nā muzzle a ʻōpū me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi - 8-13 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he cm cm 10. ʻO kēia mau artiodactyls he mau maka maikaʻi loa a ʻike i ka pōpilikia mai kahi mamao aku, loaʻa pū lākou i ka ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻono. ʻO ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā kapahipa, kahi i ʻike ʻole ai ka makani ikaika, ʻaʻole nui loa.

ʻO nā mea nui

ʻO ke kāne kāne i ka lulu ua hiki i 80 cm, a i loko o ka sacrum - a hiki i 83 cm. He liʻiliʻi nā kāne, loaʻa kēia mau helu he 3-4 cm ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino kāne mai ka muzzle a hiki i ka palena o ka huelo he 105-150 cm, ma nā wāhine - 100-120 cm. ʻO nā kaupaona he kaupaona 30-35 kg, hiki i 47 kg e ka hāʻule. I nā wahine, ʻo ke paona mai 23 a 27 kg, e hōʻea a hiki i 35 kg e ka manawa lohi.

Nā pua nani

I ka piha o ʻelima mau mahina, ua noho ke kāne ma nā lae o lākou, a i Ianuali, ua hoʻonani ʻia ke poʻo me ka pūlani a hiki i 7 cm ka lōʻihi, e ulu ana i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, e hiki ana i 20-30 cm. i ka piko - i loko. ʻO nā anana ma luna, he hina ke kukui a me ka tinge melemele. ʻO ke kokoke i ke kumu, lilo lākou iʻeleʻele a loaʻa nā thickenings ma ke ʻano o nā ʻōwili mai 20 a 25 mau pcs. Hōʻailona nā wahine.

Mea hoʻokō

ʻO kahi kāne o ka dzeren mongoli he mau ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe - he ʻāʻī mānoʻo me ka larynx nui. Ma muli o kona ke alo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hump, ua loaʻa i ka antelope kāna inoa waena - goiter. I ka wā moe, lilo i wahi ʻeleʻele kēia wahi i nā kāne me kahi paʻala.

Kūwau

I ke kauwela, he kukui kukui ka artiodactyl, ʻeleʻele ke waihoʻoluʻu ma hope a me nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū, ke keʻokeʻo nā wāwae ʻāpana. ʻO kēia kala ma luna o ka huelo ma ke kua. I ka hoʻoilo, ua mālamalama ke kapa, me ka nalo o ka ona pua, a me ka maloʻo ke lōʻihi a loloa, ʻo ia ke kumu e loli ai ka helehelena o ka antelope mongoli. E lilo ka holoholona i ʻoi aku ka lapalapa nui, ʻōnoʻo. ʻIke ʻia kekahi lōkihi lōʻihi ma ka lae, ka lei a me nā pāpālina. ʻO luna ma luna o nā lehelehe a a ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka lauoho, e kūlou nā kihi i loko, e hāʻawi ana i ka manaʻo o kahi kui a me ka pupuhi.

Malun ae ke kapa komo i ka pā, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kuʻi a me ka undercoat. Hoʻopili nā nā pito o ka lauoho. Nā holoholona i hoʻoheheʻe i ʻelua mau manawa i ka makahiki - i ka pūnāwai a me ka lulu. I Mei-Iune, ua lōʻihi ka hoʻoilo (a hiki i 5 cm) a hāʻule nā ​​lauoho ʻala i lalo i ka hūlū ʻia, kahi kapa hou o ke kauwela (1.5-2.5 cm) ma lalo o ia. I ka malama o Sepatemaba, hoʻomaka hou ka ungulate e ulu nui aʻe a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi.

Aia i hea ka hua?

Whakaahua kiʻi: Dzeren Antelope

Noho nā antelope mongka ma nā ʻāpana China, Mongolia. I ka wā e neʻe ai lākou i komo i ka pae kiʻekiʻe ʻo Altai - ke awāwa Chuy, ka ʻāina ʻo Tuva a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Eastern Transbaikalia. Ma Lūkia, a hiki i kēia manawa hoʻokahi wale nō wahi o ka noho mau ʻana o kēia mau artiodactyls - ʻāpana o ka Palekana Daursky. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka Tibetan dzeren ma mua o ka mea e ulu a pili i kāna ʻohana Mongol, akā i nā lōʻihi a i ʻokiʻoki paha. ʻO ka noho mua ma Kina kahi ʻo Qinghai a me Tibet, ma India - Jamma a me Kashmir. ʻAʻole ʻili ʻia kēia mau holoholona i ka helu pua, koho i nā ʻāina kuahiwi a me nā ʻaluna pōhaku no ka noho ʻana.

Noho ʻo Dzeren Przhevalsky i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma ka hikina o ka wao nahele Kina o Ordos, akā ka hapanui o ka lehulehu i loko o ke kahakai o ka loko paʻakai Kukunor ma Kina. I ka makahiki XVIII. Noho ka antelope Māleka ma Transbaikalia ma ke ala ʻae. I ka hoʻoilo, lele nā ​​holoholona i ʻākau i Nerchinsk, e hele ana i ka taiga i ka wā hoʻoheʻe nui, ke kaʻe ʻana o nā mauna i uhi ʻia i nā ululāʻau. ʻO kā lākou hoʻoilo maʻamau ma kēia mau wahi e hiki ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia ma nā inoa ola i nā inoa o nā holoholona (Zeren, Zerentui, i ka Buryat zeren - Zeeren).

I ka makahiki XIX. nā noho a me ka nui o nā antelopes ma Transbaikalia i hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻia. ʻO kēia i hoʻolāle ʻia ʻia e ka luku nui i ka wā o ka hopu a me kā lākou make ma nā hau hoʻoilo. Ke hoʻomau nei nā mikika mai China a me Mongolia a hiki i ka waena o ka kenekulia 20. I ke kolikani, ua loaʻa ka ʻai o nā mommals no ka pono o ka pūʻali koa. I nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala aʻe nei, ua hoʻopau loa ka hana manuahi me ka hopu ʻana i nā mea kaua a me ka poʻi manu i Transbaikalia, Altai a me Tuva.

He aha kā ʻai?

ʻO ke kiʻi: Dzereny ma Transbaikalia

ʻO ka meaʻai nui o ka antelope goiter he mauʻu nahele o nā anuʻu, i nā wahi o ka nohona maʻamau. ʻOkoʻa ka mea ʻai i ko lākou meaʻai me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā makahiki o ka makahiki.

I ke kauwela, he mau lāʻau ia mea:

ʻO nā kumalā, cinquefoil, ka nui o nā ʻolio radicular, tansy, saltwort, wormwood, nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole e ʻai ʻia e lākou. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka meaʻai i nā wana o nā pua o ke kalaka a me ka pā. I ka hoʻoilo, e pili ana i ka nohona, nā ʻāpana nui i ka papa o ka antelope o Kauaʻi e hāʻule i luna o ka forbs, kaʻu manu i ʻole a i ka lāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Wormwood, a ma ka hoʻoilo ke hoʻomau mau nei i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mea kanu i loaʻa, a loaʻa i nā protein hou aʻe.

ʻOiai ke ʻano nui o nā holoholona nui, ʻaʻohe haunaele o ka mauʻu i kūpaʻa ai i ka laahi, no ka mea ʻaʻole i lohi ka pipi no kahi manawa lōʻihi ma kahi hoʻokahi. I ke kauwela, hiki ia ia ke hoʻi i kāna pūnaewele mua ma hope o nā hebedoma 2-3, a i loko o nā manawa anuanu - ma hope o kekahi mau mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki paha.I ka manawa hana nei, hiki i ka pale uhi ke manawa e hoʻōla ai. Hoʻopau wale nā ​​Antelopes i nā wēlau o ka mauʻu, e hoʻomake ai i nā mea kanu lāʻau a me ka lua.

Ua inu liʻiliʻi kēlā mau mommoli i ka makuhu e hele mai ana i ka mauʻu. ʻAʻole hele nā ​​wahine i kahi wai kau hoʻokahi no hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau pule i ka wā o ka ʻoluʻolu. Pono ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā e kēia mau artiodactyls i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, inā ʻaʻohe hau, a maloʻo nā mea kanu o nā anuʻu. I ka hoʻoilo, he hau a he hau paha ka waiwai o ke kulu wai; i ke kau wela, ʻo kēia mau kahe, nā kahawai, a me ka loko hoʻi o ka paʻakai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

ʻO ke kiʻi: Siberian Dzeren Antelope

ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe loa o kēia mau holoholona i ka lā e hāʻule ai i ke ahiahi, kakahiaka a me ka hapa mua o ka lā. Hiamoe lākou i ke ahiahi, penei i kekahi i ka lua o ka pō. He paʻakikī i nā antelope e lanakila ma luna o ka hoʻoilo, e hele ai ma kahi hīkala. I ka hau, hoʻokaʻawale ko lākou mau wāwae, ma laila lākou e neʻe ai i loko o kahi mau ʻoiʻi, e kākoʻo ana kekahi i kekahi. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā Dzeren ka meaʻai mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo, inā ʻo ka laulā o ka uhi i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 cm, ua neʻe lākou i mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe.

I ka hopena o Iune - i ka mua o Iulai, ua ʻōpiu nā pēpē me 3.5-4 kg i loko o ka pipi. Kū lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae i hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, akā ʻo nā lā ʻekolu mau lā e waiho ma ka malu o nā lāʻau maikaʻi. Hōʻalo nā wahine i kahi mamao ma kēia manawa, no laila, ʻaʻole ia e huki i ka manaʻo o nā mea poʻe neʻe, akā mākaukau mau loa no ka hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻouka ʻana i kahi lika a i kahi aeto paha. Ke ala i ka wā e hānai ai nā keiki. Ina e ku e kekahi kaua i ia manawa, a holo mua nā keiki mai ka mea hahai mai a me ko lākou makuahine, a hāʻule ʻoe a kanu ʻia i ka mauʻu.

ʻOiai e loaʻa i nā bipi keiki waiū ka waiū a hiki i 3 a 5 mau mahina, hoʻāʻo lākou i ka ʻoʻa ma hope o ka pule mua. Ma hope o 10 a 12 mau lā, waiho nā holoholona i ka wahi calving me nā keiki hou. I ke kauwela, nui ka nui o nā kahu me nā keiki e ulu a puni nā wahi liʻiliʻi. Hōʻalo kēia mau ʻano i ka hana ʻai i ka emi ʻana. Ma ke kau hoʻoilo, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi hapa o nā ʻono mai ko lākou mau makuahine, akā mau nō kekahi e pili pū me lākou a hiki i ka hou ʻana. A no kekahi manawa ʻaʻole i ʻae nā kāne makua iā lākou i kā lākou harem.

I ka wā lulu, hele mai ka neʻe i ka manawa, e noho ana kekahi o nā holoholona i loko o ke kīhāpai o ke kauwela, a neʻe iki ke koena, a hopu wale i kahi ākea. E lohi ana ka neʻe ʻana o ka lā Malaki, ʻākoakoa kāu mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia mau wahi o ka ʻoluʻolu.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Hoʻi kiʻi: Mongoli Dzeren

Mālama ʻo Dzeren i nā kahu hemo a ʻekolu tausani kanaka paha, e waiho nei kēia helu no kekahi mau hebedoma. Ma mua o ka manawa o ka ʻoluʻolu a i ka wā neʻe ʻana i ka lehulehu, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i hoʻokahi mau puʻu nui i nā pūʻulu he ʻehā kaukani mau pūʻulu. ʻO kekahi manawa, hāʻule lākou i loko o nā hui liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka laʻana, i ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā huki, a ma ka pūnāwai, i ka wā calving, akā hōʻuluʻulu ka pipi ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ma kahi o kēlā wahi.

Ua hui ʻia nā holoholona me ka wahine a me ko lākou mau makahiki, akā i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wā hoʻoilo, hui ʻia nā pūʻulu ʻo nā kāne wale nō. I ka wā e noho maluhia ana, ʻike pū ʻia nō hoʻi nā kauā liʻiliʻi o nā wahine me nā pēpē a me nā kahu kāne o nā kāne. I ka wā hānai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaiāulu i loko o nā mea mele, ke poʻo ʻia e ke kāne, he mau mea noi a hoʻokahi ʻokoʻa i komo ʻole i nā pāʻani hana.

ʻO ka pipi ma nā wahi ākea he mau hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi:

• i ka mahi aloha ana,
• i ka wā hele
• i ka holo ana mai na enemi
• no ka palekana o ka hānai a me ka hoʻomaha
• i ka hele ana mai o ka hau nui a me ka hau.

ʻO nā alakaʻi o nā grains ka wahine makua, nui paha nā mea. Ma kahi e pilikia ai, ua māhele ʻia ka ʻohana, a haʻalele kēlā me kēia alakaʻi i kahi hapa o kona mau hoahānau. Hoʻomaka nā wahine a pau i ke aloha no ka manawa mua i ka makahiki a me ka hapa, a ʻo nā kāne i makua ʻia e ʻelua a me ka hapa mau makahiki. ʻAʻole mau nā kāne kahiko i ʻae i ka poʻe ʻōpio e komo i nā pāʻani ʻoi ʻana. Hoʻomaka ka hana pilikino a nā kāne kāne i ka lua o ka lā o Dekemaba a mau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Ianuali.

Nā mākaʻi Polygamous, kāne kāne me kekahi mau kanaka. Hiki i nā luna ikaika ke paʻa i nā wahine wahine 20-30 ma kā lākou ʻāina. I ka lā, hiki ke helu ʻia ko lākou helu, ke kāʻili ʻia kekahi, haʻalele kekahi a hele mai i kā lākou makemake ponoʻī.

Hōʻano ʻia nā antelope a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka wahi like no ka hoʻomau ʻana. ʻO ka manawa mua e hānau ai nā wahine i ʻelua mau makahiki. Noho ʻo Pregnancy ma kahi o 190 mau lā. Hoʻomaka ka manawa ʻoluʻolu i loko o ka pipi ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i ka 80% o nā wahine i hānau ʻia, kokoke ma kahi hebedoma.

Nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe o Grains

Hoʻi kiʻi: Dzeren Red Book

No nā keiki liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka pōpilikia e Pallas, ferrets, fox, eagles. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā ʻolima gula ke hopu i nā pākeke, akā ʻo kā lākou ʻenemi nui ka wolf. I ke kauwela, ʻaʻole hopohopo e nā wīlio i kahi antelope a maiʻa, no ka mea, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki i ʻoi aku o ka mana o nā mea hina hina. I ke kauwela wela, he nui nā huki o ka ʻalilala e haki maloʻo i ʻelua, e ʻae ana i kahi mea i kau mua ʻia. I ke kauwela, hiki i ka mea noho wolf ke lilo i mea maʻi a hōʻeha paha.

I ka wā hoʻomaha, mālama pono nā ʻūlio i kā lākou hua keiki a ʻaʻole neʻe mai ka mamao o ka hiolo, ka mea kokoke i ke kumu o ka wai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e hele nā ​​antelope i ka lua wai wai i nā lā he nui. Hiki i nā pēpē ke lilo i waiwai pio no ka ʻīlio inā aia ko lākou puʻuwai ma kahi kokoke i kahi o kahi e hana ai ka minamina o ka pua. I kēia hihia, hiki i kekahi ʻohana ke ʻai a hiki i ʻelima mau keiki i ka lā.

I ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai, e hoʻohuhū ana nā mea hina hina i nā wahi he nui wale, he kakaikahi loa i loko o nā ʻāpana heʻe. Hiki ke hopu ʻia ka males ma ka niho o ka wolf i ka wā o ka huki, i ka lā Dekemaba, a me nā poʻe nāwaliwali i nā wā o ka puna mua, i ka lā Malaki. Hoʻohana ka poʻe Predator i ka hopu ʻana e ka wili a puni, i ka wā e hoʻokūkū ana nā wāwae o nā holoholona i kahi holoholona, ​​kahi e kali ai ka pūʻulu wolf a pau.

He hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o kēia ʻano o ka artiodactyls: i ka wā e ʻike ai lākou i ka pōʻino, hana lākou i nā ʻano ʻano me ko lākou ihu, ka ʻū ʻana i ka ea ma loko o ka ikaika. Hoʻoulu nui ka zeren i mea e hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi a lele i ko lākou mau wāwae, a e lele wale me ka hoʻoweliweli maoli nō i ke ola.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Nā kiʻi: Zabaykalsky Dzeren

Ma kahi o ʻumi kaukani ka holoholona o nā holoholona Tibetan o kēia mau antelope. Lele ka anuō ʻo Przewalski - kahi hoʻokahi tausani poʻe. Ke helu nei ʻo Mongolia dzeren ma mua o 500 tausani mau kanaka, e like me kekahi hōʻike - ma kahi miliona. Ma Transbaikalia, ma hope o ka nalowale holoʻokoʻa ʻana o kēia ʻano o ka artiodactyls i nā 70s o ke kenekulia hope loa, hoʻomaka ka hoʻihoʻi o ka lehulehu.

Ma ka mokulele ʻo Daursky, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai i kēia mau mommals mai ka makahiki 1992. I ka makahiki 1994, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ka Palekana ʻo Dauria me kahi pānaʻi he 1,7 miliona mau hekena. Ma waena o nā kenekulia mau makahiki ma Central me Western Mongolia he ulu ulu ulu i ka stock o ka goiter antelope. Hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻi i nā ʻāina kahiko, a hoʻonui i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana aku ma Transbaikalia. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā huliʻikepili i loaʻa mai ka nānā ʻana o kēia mau mommaka ma ka hikina ʻolemania i nā makahiki he 25 i hala iho nei ua emi nui ka nui o ka poʻe ma laila.

I nā kumu no kēia mau ʻano.

• kaila o ka maina malalo o na palapala aina
• ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alanui ma nā wahi hana artiodactyl,
• nā hana ʻano kanaka
• mai nā manawa ākea mai nā maʻi ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.

ʻO nā kūlana paʻakikī i ka hoʻomaka o nā makahiki 2000 ua alakaʻi i ka neʻe nui ʻana o ka antelope o Kauaʻi ma Russia. ʻO kekahi o lākou e noho ma ka helehelena Transbaikal, ma ka ʻāina o ka Torean Lakes. I kēia manawa o ka noho ʻana o nā pūʻulu paʻa i kēia mau wahi aia ma mua o 5.5 tausani m2. ʻO kā lākou helu he 8,000, a ma waena o nā neʻe mai Mongolia a hiki i 70 tausani.

He kiaʻi o Zeren

Wahi a nā kuhikuhi maopopo i hōʻike ʻia i ka papa inoa o IUCN Red List, ke kūlana mālama i ka dzeren mongoli ma ka ʻāpana o Rūsia, ua komo i loko o ka papa mua o ka Puka Maʻala he mau mea hoʻoweliweli. Eia kekahi, komo kēia holoholona i nā Red Book of Tuva, Buryatia, Altai a me Transbaikalia. Ua noi ʻo Antelope no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hoʻopuka hou o ka Red Book o Rūsia. Ma Mongolia, noho ka holoholona ma kahi o kahi ʻāina ākea loa, no laila ma ka IUCN Red List he kūlana ia o kahi ʻano e hoʻokūkū iki ai ka hopohopo.

ʻO ka pāpā ʻana i ka hopu ʻana i kēia artiodactyl i ko mākou ʻāina ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka 30s o ka makahiki o ka makahiki i hala, akā naʻe ʻo kona kuhi ʻole i ka pau ʻole o nā ʻano. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka poʻe zeren ma Transbaikalia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pale a me ka hana hoʻonaʻauao nui ma waena o ka lehulehu. Ma muli o ia mau hana, ua hiki ai ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o nā poʻe noho i ke antelope, ua pau kā lākou ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano he malihini ka mea hele mai i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka'āina o ka helu o nā kūloko ma Rūsia e koi nui a me ka nānā mau loa ʻana, e hiki ai iā ia ke ʻimi nā manawa i nā loli i ka heluna kanaka. No kēia, ua kūkulu ʻia a nānā pono nā polokalamu nānā pilikino i nā holoholona no nā holoholona.

ʻO Toil antelope kekahi o nā ʻano kahiko o ka artiodactyls, a hiki i ka weliweli i ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻana. ʻAʻole pili ka ola o kēia ʻano ma ka honua, akā palaoa ke kumu o kekahi o nā kuʻuna a me nā ʻikepili. ʻO ka hoʻomau i nā hana hoʻonaʻauao e hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi o ko lākou noho mua ʻana ma Rusia.