Aloha, Picabu. Ma nā ʻōlelo i kaʻu pou i loaʻa ai kahi noi i kahi ʻōlelo maopopo e wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka moku holo. ʻO nā puke a me nā ʻatikala i loaʻa ma ka ʻaha kanaka ma ka Pūnaewele ke lawe ʻia i kumu no nā pou, e hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mea mai kaʻu ʻike ʻike nui loa e pili ana i kēia kumuhana. E hoʻomaka wau me ka papa helu ʻana o nā moku, ma hope aku e neʻe wau i ka hāmeʻa o ka moku ponoʻī.
ʻO ka mea mua, ua māhele ʻia nā moku holo i ʻelua mau ʻāpana.
Akahi: nā moku holo nui.
ʻElua: nā moku holo liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka mea nui. ʻAʻole wale ma kahi o nā poho o ka hull, lawe i ke kaha a i ʻole ka moku holo aʻe. Eia kekahi, kahi kiki liʻiliʻi i kekahi hihia e pili ana i nā moku nui, a me ka ketch a iol paha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o kēia brig, e noho mau ana ka liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻoholo no ka helu ʻana i kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā moku waʻa liʻiliʻi iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua masts. Akā, ʻo ka brigantine, a me nā mea hoʻolālā he nui ka nui o ka pelu, akā pili lākou i nā moku holo moku nui.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa e pili ana i nā moku ʻauʻau nui ʻelua-masted aia kahi foremast a me kahi mainmast. ʻO ia ka mea nui i ka hope o mua. A i ʻole, ma ke ʻano hope loa, ʻo lākou nō ia. A ma luna o nā moku holo moku liʻiliʻi, nā mainsail a me nā mea kūleʻa mizzen. ʻO mua kahi poʻo nui ma hope o kahi liʻiliʻi aʻe. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia nā kīʻaha liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mau pahu, no ka mea, he haʻahaʻa loa ka mizzen ma mua o ka grotto.
Ma kēia pou e kamaʻilio ai wau e pili ana i nā moku holo nui ʻana.
ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ʻekolu ma mua: nā moku me nā mea kaua e holo pono ana, nā moku me nā mea holo kaua oblique a me nā moku me nā mea holo like ʻole. E noʻonoʻo pono mākou iā lākou.
1. Kūpono me ka holo pololei
E hoʻomaka kākou me ka wīwī. A pono au e ʻōlelo pololei e kū pinepine ka haunaele me ka inoa "frigate". ʻOiai i loko o nā puke e pili ana i nā hana maritime. Inā ʻoe e wāwahi i nā "ʻano o nā moku holo moana" ma ka Pūnaewele, a laila ʻike mākou: "kaua", "frigate", "corvette", "sloop", "brig", "lāʻau" a pēlā aku - nā mea āpau i hoʻokahi pahu. Akā ʻaʻole kēia kahi kaʻaina kūpono.
ʻO ka mea maoli, ʻaʻohe manaʻo e like me ke "kaua", "corvette", "sloop" (i ka wā e hele mai ana i kahi moku ʻāpana ʻekolu) i loko o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka holo lāʻau. ʻO kēia nā manaʻo koa koa. ʻO kēia ka inoa no nā kaua kaua o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka wā e holo pono ana nā moku. Hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe lākou mai kēlā me kēia i ka nui a me ka nui o nā pū.
ʻO nā pūʻali kaua nui (kaua). No laila ua kapa ʻia lākou no ka mea pinepine ka hakakā ʻana, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka laina kaua. He kanaonokūmākahi hanumi a me kanakolu mau puʻu paʻa iā lākou (e pili ana i kēia, ua māhele ʻia nā kaua hoʻouka kaua i nā pūʻali). Aia ka pu i nā pū ma ʻelua, ʻekolu, a i kekahi manawa ʻehā mau ʻāpana pākē (decks). No laila, ka inoa: "moku ʻelua lā", "moku ʻekolu lā i kapa ʻia".
ʻO nā moku liʻiliʻi o ka laina i nā moku koa - frigates. He kanahā a me kanaono paha mau pū ma laila. ʻO ka manawa pinepine loa, aia ka pū i nā pahu he ʻelua, akā hiki ke kū ma luna o kekahi inā he liʻiliʻi ka lulu. ʻO Frigates, a me nā kaua kaua, i komo pū i nā kaua nunui. Akā ua hoʻohana ʻia nō ia no nā hanana reconnaissance a me ka hoʻopiʻi kū hoʻokahi.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Corvette "ʻōpio" e pili ana i ka frigate - a ʻoi aku i mau pū paha he kanahā. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo nā corvettes ka ʻike ʻike a me nā moku ʻelele.
A ʻo ka mea ʻuʻuku loa o kēia ʻohana he sloop. Nā mea kaua kākuhi - mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a ʻekolu mau pūkani pu. Loaʻa nā pu nunui i kahi (ma ka corvette) ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe. A ʻo nā hana a nā loiloi e like nō me ka poʻe o nā corvettes: kahi ʻelele, reconnaissance, lawelawe sentinel.
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka nui a me ka mana o nā mea kaua mea kaua, nā kaua kaua, nā frigates, corvettes a me nā sloops no nā ʻano like ʻole i nā huaʻina holo. Ua lawe wale lākou i nā mea kaua e holo nei. ʻO kēia ka mea a lākou e ʻōlelo mai ai e pili ana i nā moku me ka liʻiliʻi o ʻekolu mau mākē a me nā māhina a pau me nā luina pololei (ke ʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō.
Pono e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā rula lawaiʻa wale nō i ka moku i kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka moku. ʻO nā moku holo ʻia e kapa ʻia he moku. I loko o vernacular, holo hewa ka mea i waena o nā lawaiʻa. Akā i kēia manawa e kamaʻilio ana mākou e pili ana i ka papa hana moana.
Ma ka hiki ʻana aku i nā luʻu, he moku a me kahi frigate ka mea like. I ka ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he moku ka ʻūmole, kahi moku me nā moku ʻanā holo piha. No laila, i ka ʻano o kā lākou mau ʻauamo, nā kaua, nā corvettes a me nā sloops. A laila, i ka manawa i nalowale ai nā holo moku koa mai ke kai, ua nalowale hoʻi ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui o nā pū. A ua noho wale nō nā frigates.
No laila ka moku hoʻokaʻa me ka nui o nā masts mai ʻekolu a ʻelima hoʻi me nā pelekela holo ʻana ma nā molika a pau.
He moku ʻa ka brig me nā mōʻī he ʻelua (mua a he mainsail) a kuhikuhi i nā pelekane ma nā pelu ʻelua (ʻoiai, ʻaʻole i ka holo aku ʻo hope i ka holo mua, kahi trisel grotto, e like me ka holo mua o ka hafel i ka mizzen mast frigate. I ko mākou manawa, ua nalowale nā kele. Ua hiki hope nā poʻe lawaiʻa i ka hopena ʻoi loa ka maʻalahi, e hoʻolilo ʻia i nā moku e like me nā moku - nā brigantine. Akā e haʻi wau no lākou. I kēia manawa aia hoʻokahi kauka wale nō. ʻO kēia ka moku Kelemānia Royalist. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā kāpena Maritime i ia.
ʻO ke kolu o ka inoa ʻo Bark.
ʻO kahi pālale, e like me ka frigate, hiki iā lākou ʻekolu, ʻehā a ʻelima paha mau makana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻē ka maloʻo mizzen ma ka barque. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe o nā hāwau ma laila, akā he moku hafel a he topsel.
2. Kākau me nā mea kaua e holo pono
I loko o nā moku nui me nā mea kaua e ʻokiʻoki, type is one a schooner.
He moku ka moku a he ʻelua (foresail a me mainsail), ʻekolu a keu aku paha, he mau moku aloha. ʻIke ʻia nā mea maʻalahi a pau. Akā ʻo ka mea paʻakikī ʻo ia he nui nā ʻano waena i waena o nā mea kākau manu. A ʻo ka manaʻo ma aneʻi, ʻaʻole kahi helu ʻē aʻe o nā masts. ʻO ke kumu kahi e kau ʻia ai nā ʻauʻau ma luna o kēia mau mōlia. E hāʻawi wau i kahi hiʻohiʻona o kekahi o lākou. Inā ma kahi schooner nā peles nui o Bermuda, kapa ʻia ʻo ia - Bermuda schooner.
Aia kahi hihi ma ka mua o kekahi o ka mea Bermuda, a i kekahi manawa he holo pololei, kahi puʻupuʻu, ua kau ʻia ma ka ʻoi. Akā ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka pōkole i ka ʻano o ka ʻano o ka moku, no ka mea ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he moku holo. He maikaʻi ia i ka makani kūpono, i ka wā ʻaʻole e holo maikaʻi ka slanting sails.
Aia i kahi ʻē aʻe he ʻano mua o ka parani - noho kaʻa. ʻO kēia ka mea ma nā wahi he nui e pili ana i ka pae ma nā wahi, akā e kū ana ma ka lā e noho ana. ʻO ia kahi kikoʻī nui loa. A ʻo nā kāla ma nā mōʻī o ia mau ʻōhua i loaʻa kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā triangle inverted. Ua huki ʻia ko lākou kihi hope e kekahi hafel kūikawā o ʻelua mau elastic elemakule (kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Wishbone). ʻAʻohe geek i mua o ka maka, e hoʻopilikia ʻo ia i ka moe. A ma ʻō o hope, ʻo Bermuda ka moku.
ʻO nā skelel Hafel ka mea maʻamau.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka iwakāluakūmākahi aia ua hanu wale i ka hana ʻana o ia mau moku. Hautoko o United States a me Kanada. Eia naʻe naʻe, ua hoʻomaka hou ma hope o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa. I ka makahiki 1880, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea kime puka ʻehā o ka honua, ʻo William L. White. A laila e hoʻomaka pono ai nā kumumanaʻo lima lima a me ʻeono hoʻi. Ua ʻoluʻolu lākou i ka mea a lākou i lawe ai i ka nui o nā kāmeka a i ka manawa like ʻaʻole i koi ʻia i kahi hui nui - ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e piʻi ma nā pā. Ua wikiwiki lākou a kūpono i ka manuʻeleu i nā headwinds.
ʻO kēia mau ʻano āpau i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i nā mea hana moku i ka wā ma hope, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi kanaka pīhoihoi nui me nā ʻehiku ʻehiku i ʻAmelika. Ua ʻoi aku ia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mika.
Aia loaʻa nā schooners me nā ʻoki ma ka mua, a i kekahi manawa ma nā makika ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā Marseilles, nā brahmsel, a i kekahi manawa bom-brahmsel, e kau ʻia ma luna o kēia mau puʻupuʻu. ʻO nā ʻauamo haʻahaʻa, ʻo nā mea nui loa, ma kēia mau moku e pōloli, hoʻowahāwahā ʻia, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i helu ʻia me nā moku me nā mahi kaua. A no ka mea he marseille a he brahmsel ma luna o kēlā ʻōlau, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia: marseille a brahmel paha.
3. Kūpono me nā mea kaua e kāwili ʻia
ʻO ke ʻano mua he brigantine. Ua puka mai kona inoa mai nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua: "brig" a me "schooner". ʻO kekahi manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia lākou: "brooner brig." ʻO kēia moku, e like me ka brig, he mau meli ʻelua. A ma ka mea i mua o ka moku, e like me ke brig, aia nā laina kūpono: ka luahine, for-marseille, for-brahmsel a pēlā aku. A ʻo ka mast nui e like me ka mea pelekane: me kahi mainsail-trisel a me mainsail-mainsail. Aia nā brigantines me kahi grotto Bermuda, akā ʻaʻole hiki.
I kekahi manawa hilahila brigantines a me nā skateers marseille. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo ma ke kaʻe o lalo o ka lākē Marseille hiki iā lākou ke kau i kahi holo alakaʻi koʻikoʻi - kahi pōkole. A laila e hiki koke ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka brigantine. A ʻike ʻoe i kahi memel fock-triselle ma hope o ka pōkole.
No laila he moku ka brigantine (a i ʻole schooner - brig) ka moku me ʻelua masts, me nā koina pololei ma ka mua a me ka oblique ma ka mainmast.
Ke nānā nei ka Barquentine i kahi brigantine. Inā ʻaʻole, aia kahi laʻa. Akā aia ʻekolu ma kahi ʻekolu ʻekolu. ʻEhā. Ma ka mua, kau nā barcentins i nā holo pololei, ma luna o nā mea a pau - ke kikowaena.
Aia nā huaʻōlelo o ka moana, me ka ʻole o ko lākou paʻakikī ke kākau i kekahi mea. Ma nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, e wehewehe ʻia lākou i ka kikoʻī, ʻo ka mea e hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, e puka mai nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe a ua pālahalaha nā leka lōʻihi. Manaʻo wau e hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻolelo āpau a hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kahi kanaka i ʻike ʻole ʻole i nā pilikia moana.
E pili ana i ka pae e pili ana i ka helu ʻana o nā moku holo liʻiliʻi. Mahalo i nā mea nāna i haku i ka ʻatikala a heluhelu a hiki i ka hopena.
ʻO ka papa helu ʻāina kau moku
ʻO ke ʻano nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā moku holo moana ʻo ia ka manawa o nā kiʻi ʻike nui loa o nā kenekulia XV-XVI. I kēia manawa, hele nui nā wahi kuhikuhi a me nā hana ma mua o nā moku. A no laila, aia nā koi hou no ka hoʻolālā a me nā ʻano hana ʻano o nā moku. Mai ia manawa mai, hoʻomaka mau ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā mea kaua e kau nei, ʻike hou ʻia nā ʻano ākea ʻē aʻe waʻa moku.
Hoʻomaka mai nā kenekulia XVII-XVIII, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hopena moana unified, loaʻa kekahi makemake no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā moku ma nā ʻano. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona nui no nā moku ka ʻano o nā lako mālama mālama i kau ʻia ma luna o lākou. Nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi ʻano o ka moku holo ʻai ka helu ʻana o nā makika a me kona kumu, a no nā kaua koa ka helu a me ka nui o nā mea me nā cannon. E noʻonoʻo ʻano o nā moku heʻe me nā mea kaua like ʻole.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano o nā mea kaua holoʻokoʻa i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu like e like me ke ʻano o nā heʻe lanakila lanakila.
Eia kekahi, he hana mahele i nā moku āpau i:
ʻO nā mea nui ka mea nona ka mea i lawe ʻia ma kahi liʻiliʻi e ʻelua. ʻO nā moku ʻauila liʻiliʻi he 1 a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa paha o nā masts e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia (ʻoi aku ka koho inā he haʻahaʻa ka nui o nā masts).
Na huakai huakaʻi
ʻO "Prussia" he ʻelima moku holo ʻeleu me kahi lei a pau. I ka wā mua, ʻo ia ka moku nui loa o ka honua me nā ʻauka pololei, ʻo ia wale nō ka moku holo lima ʻelima ʻē aʻe o kēia papa kau i loko o ka mokuʻa kūʻai honua. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka moku holo ʻana i ka makahiki 1902 ma o ke kauoha a nā hui halihali ʻo Hamburg. ʻO Hamburg kahi wahi moku o ka moku holo moana. ʻAʻole i like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i piha nā mea holo moku Prussia me nā mīkini hoʻohui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku he 147 mika, ʻo 163 m ʻo ka laulā, ʻo 11,150 tons ka neʻe, ka nui o ka moku he 5,081 rt (hoʻopaʻa inoa), ʻo ia ka pā holo moku he 6,806 mika ʻāpana, ʻo nā makahiki o ka hana mai ka 1902 a 1910.
“Farani II” he moku ʻauwa Farani i ʻeleu. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia luʻi ma kahi o ka nui o ka mōʻaukala kūkulu moku ʻana. ʻO "France II" i kau ʻia ma ka moku moku "Chantiers et Ateliers de la Gironde" ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Farani i Bordeaux i ka makahiki 1911. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku holo he 146.20 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 17 mika, ka neʻe o 10,710 mau lilo, ka nui o ka moku he 5,633 RT, ʻo ka nui o nā kīpita he 6,350 mika ʻefoi.
ʻO "R.C. Rickmers" kahi moku holo ʻelima ʻelima Kelemānia a ua holo pū kekahi me ka moku kūʻai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka holo moku he 146 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 16,3 mika, ka 10,500 mau neʻe, ka nui o ka moku he 5,548 hoʻopaʻa inoa, nona ka māka moku he 6,045 mika ʻehā.
ʻO Schooner "Thomas W. Lawson" - ʻo ia wale ka moku holo ʻehiku i ka honua. Ua kūʻo ia i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Quincy i ka makahiki 1902. Makemake nui ʻia ka moku aliʻi moku nui ʻo Daon Crowley e hana i ka moku nui loa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a no laila ua lilo ʻo ia i mea paipai a me mea kākau o ka manaʻo o kāna kūkulu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku holo he 144 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 15 mika, ʻo ka neʻe he 10,860 tons, ka nui o ka moku he 5,218 rt, ʻo ka ʻāpana o nā pelekele he 4,330 mika ʻāpana, ʻo ka nui o ka hālea o ka ʻōpio Thomas W. Lawson he 5.218 (gross), ka mea 137 (brt) ia manawa ua ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka barica Prussia ʻelima, i hoʻokumu ʻia i kekahi mau mahina ma mua o ka meaʻike ʻo Thomas. W. Lawson. ”
ʻO Royal Clipper kahi elima-pōkole, ʻehā hōkū holo moku moana, i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kiʻi o Prussia (1902 - 1910). Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālikelike o ka holo moku e Sigmund Horen, ke kanaka Lōlani nui ma nā ʻoihana moku, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka moku holo ʻapo i ka makahiki 2000. ʻO ka holo lōʻihi loa ma ka honua ka mea e hoʻokipa ai i nā mokulele 227. "Royal Clipper" hiki i ka wikiwiki o 20 mau puʻupuʻu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku he 134.8 mau mika, ʻo 16,5 m ka laulā, ʻo ka neʻe ana he 5,061 tons, ka nui o ka moku he 4,425 rt, ʻo ka moku kahakai ka 5,202 mika ʻehā.
ʻO Potosi kahi moku mālama moku elima, i kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1895 ma ke kauoha o ka moku halihali ʻo Hamburg. Ua holo ʻia ka holo moana ma waena o Kelemania a me Chile. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka holo moku he 132.1 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 15,1 mika, ka 8,580 mau pihi, ka nui o ka moku he 4,026 rt, a ʻo ka wahi holo moana he 4,700 mau kihi ʻehā.
ʻO Copenhagen "Cobenhavn" - ka pahu ʻelima hope loa i kūkulu ʻia ma ka makahiki 1921 e ka hale kūʻai moku ʻo Scottish "Ramage a me Ferguson" i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻo East East ma hope o ke Kaua Honua Mua ma Copenhagen. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka paʻa he 131.9 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 15 mika, ka neʻe he 7,900 tons, ka nui o ka moku he 3,901 rt, ʻo ka wahi holo kai he 4,644 mau mita square.
ʻO “Lālani I” kekahi o nā alapiʻi nui ʻelima iʻoi aku. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka moku holo ma 1890. ʻO ia ka moku holo moku mua ʻo Wīwī a me ka lua o ka honua ma kēia manawa. He 13 m ka lōʻihi o ka moku, ʻo 14.9 mau ākea ka nui, a nona kahi 7,800 tons.
ʻO ka Wyoming kahi pahu eonoono, 125-mika, ʻelua-decker schooner i kūkulu mua ʻia mai ka pine pine Kanada. I kēlā manawa, ʻo ia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hemolele o ka hana hale lāʻau. ʻO Wyoming ka moku lāʻau paʻa paʻa-nui o ka honua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku, he 137 mika, ʻo ka 15 m ʻo ka laulā, ʻo ka neʻe he 8,000 tons, ʻo ka nui o ka moku he 3,731 rt, ʻo ka mokupuni ka 3,700 mika ʻalu.
ʻO Nui Ripablic ka peepō lāʻau nui nui loa o ka kenekulia 19. Kūkulu ʻia e ka moku kaulana kaulanaʻAmelika Mackay. ʻAʻole like ka nui o "Clipper" Nui Repubalika. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kenekulia ʻAmelika 19 mau kenika he 70 paha ka lōʻihi a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hapa nui loa ma ka honua; ʻO ka lōʻihi o Great Ripablik he 101.5 mau mika, ʻo ka laulā o ka clipper he 16.2 mau mika, a ʻo ka neʻe hoʻi he 4556 tons. Ua kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka grotto Nui a i nā mika 70 mika. ʻO ka ʻāpana ākea o nā kuʻuna he 6070 mau mika square.
ʻO "Viking" he lāʻau kila manamana noi ʻia, i kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1906 ma Copenhagen. ʻO ia ka moku nui loa i kūkulu ʻia ma Scandinavia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o Viking he 118 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 13,9 mika, ʻo ka neʻe he 6,300 tons, ʻo ka nui o ka moku he 2,959 rt, ʻo ka moku holo ʻokoʻa ka 3,690 mika ʻehā.
ʻO Sedov he pahu kao pīhoihoi i kūkulu ʻia i 1921 ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Magdalene Vinnen II. Mai ka makahiki 1936, ua hoʻololi ka inoa i ka "K maidore Johnsen". A i ka makahiki 1945, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ʻili i USSR e Nui ʻEnelani a ua hoʻololi hou ʻia i ka hoʻohanohano o ka mea kaulana kaulana poli Lūkini ʻo Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov. I kēia lā, ʻo Sedov kekahi o nā moku hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui loa ʻana i nā moku o ka honua. Lāʻau - 117.5 mika, laulā - 14.6 mika, neʻe - 7,320 tons, kele nui - 3,556 rt, wahi holo - 4,192 mika ʻeka.
ʻO ka Union kahi aʻo aʻo holo ʻana o ka mokulele Peruvian. ʻO ka moku he mea hao ʻehā. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka ʻahahui ma 2014 e ka moku kalepa ʻo Shipyard Marine Industrial Services o Peru, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he SIMA. ʻO ka loa o ka pa he 115.75 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 13.5 mika, ʻo ka neʻe he 3,200 tons, ʻo ke kai holoʻai he 4,324 mika ma ka kuea.
ʻO Kruzenshtern kahi lāʻau ʻehā i kūpono ʻia, kahi mākaukau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ana e Lūkia. Ua kūkulu ʻia ma Kelemānia 1925-1926.I ka wā iho, ua kapa ʻia ka ʻili ʻo Padua, akā ma ka 1946 ua lilo ia i waiwai no USSR a ua hoʻololi hou ʻia i ka hanohano o ka mea hoʻokūkū kaulana kaulana ʻo Admiral Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern. ʻO ka papa inoa o ke hoʻopaʻa inoa o ka moku he Kaliningrad. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka holo moku he 114.5 mau mika, ʻo ka laulā he 14,4 mika, ʻo ka neʻe he 5,805 mau ton, ʻo ka nui o ka moku he 3,064 mau mercury, a ʻo ka pae holo moku he 3,900 mika ʻoka. Hana hou ka moku i ka transatlantic a me ka holoʻokoʻa i ka honua. Hāʻawi ke kahua huakaʻi ʻo Mikhail Kozhukhov i kahi manawa kūikawā ʻaʻole wale e kipa iā Kruzenshtern, akā e hele i ka huakaʻi a Kruzenshtern.
ʻO Pamir ka moku holo he nui masted. I kekahi manawa, loaʻa nā moku kūloko huhū, kahi i loaʻa i ka inoa inoa ʻole o ka "lele" P ". Kūkulu ʻia kēia ʻano maʻa ma nā hopena o ke kenekulia 19 ma ke kauoha a ka moku lawe moku ʻo “F. Laeisz ”. ʻO Bark "Pamir" kekahi o lākou. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku he 114.5 mau mika, ʻo ka laulā he 14 mika, ʻo ka neʻe he 3,910 tons, ʻo ka nui o ka moku he 3,020 ka mercury, a ʻo ka wahi holo kai he 3,800 mika ʻefona.
“ʻO Juan Sebastian de Elcano” he moku hoʻomaʻamaʻa o ka mokulele ʻānela Sepania. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e lilo i kahua aʻo no nā neʻe no ka Naval Academy. ʻO Elcano ka schooner nui loa i ka mākele aʻo i ka honua. Wahi a ke ʻano o ka mea holo kaua, "Elkano" e pili ana i nā pihi topail (marseille), ma ka mua lae he mau puʻupuʻu ʻehiku a ʻekolu oblique, ma ke koena ʻekolu mau puʻupuʻu - he mau ʻihi manu oblique wale nō. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka moku a kūkulu ʻia ma ka hale moku o Echevaryeta a me Larinaga ma Cadiz, a neʻe i ka lā 5 o Malaki 1927. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa kōkana ma hope o Juan Sebastian de Elcano (1476-1526), ʻo ia ka moku holo mua e holo a puni ka honua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku, he 113 mika, ʻo 13 mau loa ka laulā, ʻo ka neʻe ana he 3,670 tons, ʻo ka nui o ka moku he 2,464 rt, a ʻo ka wahi holo kai he 15153 mau kihi.
ʻO Esmeralda kahi aʻoaʻo moana aʻoaʻo ʻana o Chile ma kahi waena o ke kenekulia 20. Ua waiho ʻia ma ka pā moku ʻo Cadiz ma 1946, a ʻeono makahiki ma hope mai ua kūʻai ʻia aku nei ua moku lā i Kile kahi hapa o ka uku ʻana i ke kālā o Sepania i kēlā ʻāina. Ma Mei 12, 1953, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka moku, a ma Iune 15, 1954, ua pā ʻia ka hae ʻo Chile. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku, he 113 mika, ʻo 13 mau loa ka laulā, ʻo ka neʻe he 3,673 tons, ʻo ka nui o ka moku he 2,400 RT, ʻo ka moku holo ka mea he 2,935 mau kihi ʻeleʻele.
ʻO "Mir" kahi moku hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻekolu mau peʻa, kahi ʻumi e like me ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o nā moku hoʻomaʻamaʻa, a i ʻole he “moku” i nā mea holo kolo - kahi moku me nā mea holo moana holoʻokoʻa, no Admiral S.O. Makarov State University of the Sea and River Fleet (St. Petersburg). a mai 2014, iā Rosmorport. Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Mir ma ke kahua o ka moku Gdansk ma 1987. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku he 109.6 mau mika, ʻo ka papana he 6,6 mika, ka nui o ka moku holo holoʻokoʻa he 2771 mika ʻehā, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kani waena, he 49.5 mita. Hāpai iā 200 poʻe.
"Hope" he moku hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻekolu. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi pahu me kahi kīʻaha holo piha holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka papa inoa ma he frigate. Ke kūʻai ʻia nei i kēia manawa e ka Federal State Unitary Enterprise o ka Far Eastern Basin Branch "ROSMORPORT". ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku he 109.4 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 14 mika, ka neʻe ʻana he 2,297 mau māka, ke kahakai holohelena he 2,768 mika ma ka ʻehā.
Ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka moku holo ʻana i ka ʻōpio Wahine ʻōpio. Kūkulu ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Gdansk Shipyard i kapa ʻia ma hope o Lenin a hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1982. ʻO ka hoʻoilina no nā moku moana kaulana "Lwow" ("Lviv") i hana ʻia ma ʻEnelani ma 1869, kekahi o nā moku aloha mua. Lāʻau - 108.8 mau pā, ka laulā - 13.94 mika, neʻe - 2 946 tons, ka nui o ka moku - 2 384 RT, huakaʻi holo holoʻokoʻa - 3 015 mika kīwaha.
ʻO "Pallas" he moku hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻoluʻu kolu (kahi moku me ka holo ʻana i nā mea holo holoʻokoʻa, kahi inoa i kākau ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana inoa, i kapa ʻia kekahi manawa i loko o ka nūpepa), nona ka Far Eastern State Technical University of Fisheries (Vladivostok). Lōna - 108.6 mika, laulā - 14 mika, neʻe - 2,284 tons, ʻāpana holo holo - 2,771 mika ʻehā.
"Khersones" - kahi mākaukau hoʻoluʻu kīwila (nā moku me nā mea kaua holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa), ke kahua hoʻonaʻauao o ka lālā Sevastopol o ke Aupuni Maritime State i kapa ʻia ma hope iho Lehua AdFiral Ushakova (port o ke kākau inoa - Sevastopol). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka frigate he 108.6 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 14 mika, ʻo ka neʻe he 2,987 tons, ʻo ka huina holo moana he 2,770 mika ʻehā.
ʻO ka Libertad kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa holo moana no ka mokuʻo Argentine. Kūkulu ʻia ia ma ka makahiki 1950 ma ka waonahele o ka Rio Santiago ma kahi o La Plata a lilo i hoʻokahi o nā moku holo moku nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO ke komo mua ʻana i ke kai i hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 1962. Ua hala ʻoi aku ma mua o 800 tausani mau nautical mile (1.5 miliona mau kilomita), ua kipa ma kahi o 500 mau awa ma kahi o 60 mau ʻāina. ʻO ka loa o ka moku he 103.7 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 13,8 mika, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana he 3,765 mau tonika, ʻo ka huina holo moana he 3,652 mika ʻehā.
ʻO Amerigo Vespucci kahi kahua aʻoaʻo aʻo ʻElani. ʻEkolu moku keleawe ʻekolu o "Amerigo Vespucci" - kahi hoʻomanaʻo o ka moku kīʻaha waʻa kaulima o ka moku 50-60. XIX kenekulia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia aʻe ma Pepeluali 1931 ma Naples. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku he 100.6 mika, ʻo ka laulā he 15.56 mika, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana he 4,146 mau ton, ʻo ka nui o ka moku he 3,545 rt, a ʻo ka huina holo kai holo he 2,580 mika ʻehā.
ʻO Stadsraad Lemkul kahi moku holo ʻai ʻekolu kai nui a Lūkani, kahi huaʻa, i kūkulu ʻia ma ka 1914. Wae ʻia i ke awa o Bergen. ʻO ia ka moku kahiko a nui loa loa ma Norewai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka moku, he 98 mika, ʻo 12 ka laulā ka lōʻihi, ka 1,161 mika, ka piʻi ʻana o ka moku, 1,701 rt, a ʻo ka huina holo holo āpau he 2,026 mika ʻehā.
ʻO "Eos Yacht" kahi pūʻulu pīkolu ʻekolu me nā mea kaua Bermuda e holo ana. ʻO Schooner kekahi o nā yacht nui pilikino pilikino i ka honua. No nā hui media, billionaire Barry Diller, ka wahine a ka mea hoʻolālā hana ʻo Diana von Furstenberg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka yacht he 92.92 mika, laulā - 13.47 mika, neʻe - 1,500 tons, huina holo moana - 3,600 mika ʻehā.
Nā māka lawaiʻa pololei
ʻO nā heʻe pololei ʻo ia ka mea ʻike mua loa, i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka wā kahiko. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou ma ʻAigupita, Farani, Helene, Polenekia a me nā moku Roma a me nā moku i ka lōʻihi ma mua o ko mākou wā. ʻAʻole lākou i pio i ko lākou pilina i kā mākou manawa. ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻona he quadrangular ʻano - i ke ʻano o kahi kuʻuna maʻamau a trapezoid maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻili o luna ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia ai i ka ʻauamo a i ʻole hafel, a i lalo a i ka pahu, a i lalo iho a i ʻole pololei i ka pā.
ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā luina holoʻokoʻa ka mea maʻalahi o ka hana me lākou, ua maʻalahi lākou e kau a wehe. He maikaʻi kā lākou mākaʻi ʻana i ka makani kūpono, eia naʻe, me ka ʻaoʻao a me nā poʻo mea paʻakikī paha a hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana iā lākou. No ka neʻe, ʻo ka pihi liʻiliʻi ma waena o ke kuhikuhi o ka makani a me ke kinua o ka holo moana e pono ai ma mua o 65-67 e pili ana i kēia, a hana ʻole kēia i ke ʻano hiki ʻole. Pili ke inoa o nā pale i ka inoa o nā masts kahi i kau ʻia ai lākou a me kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā tiers.
Nā ʻano o nā pahu hoʻokele, me nā lanakila kūlike loa:
- Kākau. I kēia hihia, ʻike mākou "moku" ʻaʻole he moku nui, akā he inoa e kuhikuhi ana i kahi moku holo nui me ʻekolu a ʻoi aku paha nā makana. I ka manawa like, pono iā lākou nā pono kūpono.
- Barque. Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa ma mua o nā 3 mau māka, akā ʻokoʻa mai ka moku i ka mea i ka puhaka ʻana o nā ʻauʻau ma luna o ka mizzen mast, aʻo ka mea i koe he mau laina kūpono wale nō.
- He moku liʻiliʻi paha kahi luahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻelua mau ʻāpana a iā ia.
Sailboats me nā mea kaua oblique
Ua kuhi ʻia nā pelepele i nā skewle ma hope o nā pale pololei, aia wale nō i ka Middle Ages. Hoʻomaka ka mua e hoʻohana iā lākou, ʻo ia paha, nā poʻe holo moku Arab. Mai lākou mai, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka poʻe ʻEulopa ke kai holoʻokoʻa, kahi e palahalaha loa ai ʻelua a he kū hoʻokahi a he kumu hoʻi o nā alakaʻi pololei. ʻO ka lanakila kūpono ʻole o ka nee lōlani ma luna o kahi kūpono, ʻo ia ka hiki ke neʻe me ka lateral a me ka ʻae kū ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka makani. ʻO nā moku nui, kahi nona nā pelika oblique i kapa ʻia, a kapa ʻia ʻo ia he schooners. Wahi a nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā, ʻo lākou hoʻi, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano:
- Hafelnaya. Ua hoʻolako ʻia me ka māla lau mai, i kū ma waena o ka launa i ka piko a me ke kaulaha ma lalo, a e hoʻokū pololei ʻia nā hoist mua i ka pale.
- Beramuda Loaʻa nā kākei o kēia ʻano i ke ʻano o kahi tapatahi Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu ma ka palau, a me ke kaohi - a ma ke kulu.
- Ke noho nei - aia kēia ʻano me nā skooners kahi e waiho mau ai nā kumu mua (nā ʻale oblique i kau ʻia ma ka waihona nui ma mua o nā māka).
- Marseille - me kahi slanting jib, akā aia kahi mea i hoʻolako pono ia me ka holo māmā-marseille.
Ma ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ko lākou mea holo ʻana i nā mea kaua, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻelua i hoʻopili ʻia i nā moku ʻano like ʻole. Akā, ma ka moʻomeheu mōʻaukala moana, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa "schooner" iā lākou, kahi e wehewehe ana iā lākou e like me nā moku me ka mea nui e pili ana i nā mea kaua oblique.
Nā Kelaha ʻAno Holowaha
ʻO nā kīʻaha pili i hoʻohui ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā pelekane e like me nā kūlike like. Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua ʻelua:
- ʻO ka brigantine he moku 2-masted, a ma ka mainmast ua kau i ka oblique, a ma ka mua he mau ʻaoʻao pololei.
- ʻO Barkentina - lawe ʻia ma kahi o 3 mau makika. Ma ka ʻōpū kuʻi aia nā kūlaʻi pololei, ma kēlā me kēia hope aʻe - pili wale.
Nā moku holo liʻiliʻi a me kā lākou ʻano:
Hiki i kahi moku holo liʻiliʻi ke halihali i nā maʻaʻelua a me 2 (hoʻokahi a me hoʻokahi). ʻO nā moku 2-masted me nā ketch a me nā iols. ʻO nā ʻano ʻelua i lawe i ka mizzen a me nā kumu nui, a ʻokoʻa ma kahi i ka papa hoʻokele. Ke Ketch, aia ma hope o ka mastzen mast, aʻo ka Iola aia ma mua. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia mau ʻano o nā moku holo liʻiliʻi e ʻokoʻa i ka lihi mizzen. Ma Ketch, ʻoi kona wahi ma mua o 15% a hiki a hiki i ¼ o ka nui o nā wahi he nui. I iol, heʻuʻuku ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka mizzen, a neʻeneʻe ʻole ma mua o 10% o ka nui o nā wahi holo. Hiki i ke ketch a me iol ke lawe i nā pelekela hafel a i Bermuda paha - ma kēia kūlana i kapa ʻia lākou ʻo "Bermuda ketch", a i ʻole, e like me "hafel iol".
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā māka moku liʻiliʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia i kēlā mau ʻano:
- ʻIkalua. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻōlio i hele aku i midship. Ka pūʻulu hoʻonohonoho o nā kuʻuna: mainsail (hafel a Bermuda) paha, nā poʻo kiʻekiʻe, ke noho ʻana a me nā jibs. E like me ke koena o nā moku holo liʻiliʻi, e like me ke ʻano o ka grotto, loaʻa ka hafel a i Bermuda.
- ʻO ka holo sloop i ka moku holoʻole i ka mast nui, a wale nō ka noho wale. I kekahi mau hihia, ua kau ʻia kahi topsel hou ma luna o ka grotto gaffle.
- Kat, kekahi moku moku liʻiliʻi e loaʻa nā mea maʻalahi o ka mea kaua, kahi hoʻokahi o ka holo oblique hoʻokahi.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lāʻau hoʻomalu hou a me nā waapa e ke ʻano o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hull:
- Ke kila.
- Hoʻolaha pīpī.
- Kahuna-ho.
- Hoʻopiʻi hou ʻia.
Ma ka helu o nā kaalima, ʻo nā waʻa holo moana ke lilo i hoʻokahi puaʻa, ʻelua mau kaaka (catamaran) a me nā pūʻehā heʻenelikolo. Ma ka hiki ʻana mai o keel nā moku holo liʻiliʻi aia:
- Keel - loaʻa ka pīkī nui, ke pāʻani nei i ka hana o ke kaupalena, ke kāohi nei i ka huikaʻi ʻana i ka heʻe ʻana i ka wā o ka nalu. Hoʻonui nā kūleʻa e ka neʻe ʻana i ke kikowaena o ka gravity ma lalo o ke ka wai.
- Nā kālolo. He awawa - he keelika e hāpai ana, inā pono, hiki ke lawe ʻia, e hoʻoneʻe i ke kumuwaiwai o ka moku.
- ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻōpala, "hoʻoleʻaleʻa", e hui pū i kā lākou hoʻolālā i nā pono o nā ʻano ʻelua o luna.