Hoʻokomo ʻo Antarctica i ka honua me nā kūlana kime koʻikoʻi. He ʻokoʻa ka lewa o ka ea i ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina ma mua o ka ʻona, a ua uhi ʻia ke kuʻāina ʻē i ka hau. Akā naʻe ma muli o ke ʻano hanohano, ʻo nā holoholona kupaianaha kupanaha i noho ma Antarctica, i hiki iā ia ke hoʻohālikelike i nā kūlana ola. Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā holoholona holoholona o Antarctica ka mea e pili ana i ke kaila, ua noho nā mea ola a pau e noho nei ma kēia pae ʻāina ma kahi o ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu.
Ma kahi kokoke i kahi ʻāina āpau o Antarctica kahi wao maloʻo Antarctic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kihi o kahi aniani me nā kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ola. Noho ka ola ma ka ʻāina ma nā kahakai wale nō, ma nā mokupuni o nā kūlima subantarctic, a ma nā ʻāpana hau ʻole o ka ʻāina Antartika, ka mea e noho ana ma kahi o 2% o ka konupenea.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā holoholona o Antarctica he migratory, ʻoiai ke kaumaha ma ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāina he nui ia i paʻakikī no ka noho mau ʻana a me ka hoʻoilo. Loaʻa kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e loaʻa wale ma Antarctica. Ua hiki iā lākou ke mākaʻikaʻi iā lākou i kahi ʻano ʻino.
ʻIke wale ʻia ka Antarctica i ka 200 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole i maʻamau nā ʻano o nā holoholona i ke kanaka, ka mea e hoʻopiʻi i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kupanaha o nā holoholona hihiu o ka ʻāina maloʻo: he mea hoihoi nā kānaka iā lākou e like me ka poʻe. No ka poʻe noiʻi, ʻo kēia ka mea e hiki ke aʻo ʻia i nā holoholona o ka ʻāina. A no nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i hele i kahi huakaʻi i Antarctica - ʻo kēia kahi manawa kūpono e hele kokoke i nā holoholona e like me ka hiki, ʻaʻole lākou e holo. Akā i ka manawa like, pono e ʻike nā kipa i ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāina kahi e pāpā ʻia ʻole ai nā holoholona Antarctic.
Nā kānakaʻepekema e noiʻi ana i nā holoholona o Antarctica, hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i ʻelua mau ʻano: aquatic a terrestrial. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe o nā inoa o ka ʻāina o ka fauna ma ka konana. ʻO nā meaʻoi aku nā holoholona maʻamau loa ma Antarctica.
Nā Mihi Antartika
Ke Alohaha ua loaʻa kona inoa i ka mahalo i ka luna lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻo James Weddell i kekahi o nā kai o Antarctica. Noho kēia ʻano holoholona i kahi o nā kahakai o ka ʻāina. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka helu o nā sila e pili ana i ka helu o Weddell e pili ana i 800 tausani kanaka.
Hiki i ka hōʻailona kuikahi ke hiki aku i ka lōʻihi o 3.5 m.ʻehā ka laulā o nā pākeke ma waena o 400-450 kg. Puhi lākou i ka iʻa a me nā cephalopods, kahi i loaʻa i ka hohonu a hiki i 800 m. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kohu aku o ka male a me ka wai i hiki i lalo o ka wai no hoʻokahi hola.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole neʻe kēia mau ʻīlio, akā e haʻalele i ke kapakai o ka ʻāina kūlohelohe. Hoʻolilo lākou i ka manawa anu i ka wai, hana i ka lua i loko o ka hau e hāhaʻi ai lākou a ʻike pinepine ʻia ma luna o ka wai. No laila, ua haki nā holoholona kahiko.
Palapala hōʻailona ʻO ka nui o nā kime he nui i waena o ka poʻe e noho ana ma Antarctica, akā a puni ka honua. Wahi a nā manaʻo likeʻole, ko lākou helu mai 7 a 40 miliona mau kānaka.
ʻOiai ko lākou inoa, ʻaʻole e hoka kēia mau ʻīlio i nā pahu. ʻO kā lākou ʻai ka mea nui o ka Antarctic krill. He kūpono kūpono lākou no ka hopu ʻana i ka krill aloha i ko lākou mau niho, ka mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nei i kahi sieve e hopu ai i ka waiwai mai ka wai. No ka hapanui loa nā mākeke crabeater e mālama pono ai i ka krill, ʻaʻole pono lākou e holo hohonu. Kuhi pinepine lākou i kahi hohonu o 20-30 m, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 11 mau minuke, akā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia ma kahi hohonu o 430 m.
ʻO ka nui o nā pākēkane o nā pākeke crabeater mai ka 2.2 a 2.6 m, ke kaumaha - 200-300 kg. Ua ʻoi aku ka hapa o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou kino a wīwī. Kahi a māʻili ka muzzle o kēia mau holoholona. Ma hope o ka molt makahiki, he uliuli ka hulu o ka neʻe palaka, akā ma hope o ka pau ʻana e lilo ia i keʻokeʻo.
ʻO kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā koholā crabeater ka hiki iā lākou ke hōʻiliʻili i ka hau ma loko o nā pūʻulu ākea nui. ʻO kahi noho o kēia mau holoholona ka moana kai moana o Antarctica. I ke kauwela, noho mau nā pahu hilo ma ka pili o ke kahakai, i ka hāʻule ʻana e lele lākou i ka ʻākau me ke ʻano o ka hau.
I ka wā e hānai ai i nā pipi, mālama mau ke kāne i ka wahine, e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai no ia a ke hoʻokuke aku i nā ʻōpio kāne. ʻO ke kumu o ke ola o nā silahe crabeater he 20 mau makahiki. ʻO ko lākou poʻe ʻenemi ka leopale kai a me nā kohola luku.
ʻO kahi hōʻailona Ross ua loaʻa kona inoa i ka hanohano o ka mea ʻike mea Pelekane ʻo James Ross. I waena o nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka Antarctica, ke kū nei no kahi liʻiliʻi.
Hiki i kekahi pākeke ke hiki i ʻelua mau mika ka lōʻihi o ke kaupaona 200 kg. Loaʻa ka hōʻailona o ka Ross i kahi momona nui o ka momona subcutaneous a me ka ʻāno mānoanoa i loko o ia mea i hiki ke ʻeke loa i kona poʻo i loko. No laila ua lilo ia i mea pani.
ʻO ka laulā maʻamau o ka hulu o ka hōʻailona, ʻeleʻele ia, ʻeleʻele, ma kahi ʻāpana ma ka ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka sila ʻo Ross ka mea maʻamau ma nā wahi mamao o Antarctica. Loaʻa ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia mau holoholona i ʻike ʻia liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka kaliʻana o ke ola he awelika o 20 mau makahiki.
Koi ʻōpū ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kona inoa ma ka ʻili i ʻike ʻia. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona, he mea hoʻohewa. Noho kēia mau holoholona i ka kelepona āpau o ka hau Antartika. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻo kā lākou helu he 400 tausani kanaka.
He kino kahakaha nā leopona o ke kai, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke neʻe wikiwiki ma lalo o ka wai i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā mea e ʻike ai. Pīwī ʻia ke ʻano o ke poʻo a like nā reptile. Loaʻa nā wāwae mua i ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe i ka wai.
Hiki i ke kāne o kēia holoholona ke lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o 3 m, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine me ke kino o ke kino a hiki i 4 m. E pili ana i ke paona, he 270 kg no nā kāne o nā ʻano, a ma kahi o 300 kg no nā wahine. ʻEleʻele ka kala o ka ʻāpana ma luna o ke kino, a he keʻokeʻo ka ʻākau. Aia he mau kala hina ma ke poʻo a me nā ʻaoʻao.
Paʻi ʻia nā leopaloli kai me nā leki e like me nā pula. ʻOi aku lākou i ka hopu ʻana a pepehi i kā lākou ʻai i ka wai, akā inā hiki i ka mea i hōʻea i ka mea hau, he mea ʻole ko lākou ola, no ka mea e hahai ana kēia mau poʻe ʻōhua iā ia ma laila. ʻO nā ʻōhi crabeater he nui ka ʻōkuhi o ko lākou mau kino mai ka hooweliweli ʻana e nā leopika moana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka papaina o kēia mau holoholona e komo i ka krillaceans Antarctic, iʻa, a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi.
Noho hoʻokahi nā leopalolo kai. I kekahi manawa hui pū ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i nā hui liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka wā wale nō i pili ai nā kāne a me nā wahine o kēia ʻano pili i ka moena e ulu ana i loko o ka wai. Ma hope o kēlā, i ka wahine, hoʻokahi wale nō ka hānau o nā wahine, ʻo lākou e hānai ai me ka waiū no hoʻokahi mahina. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola maʻamau o nā leopards moana he 26 mau makahiki.
Kahiki ua loaʻa kona inoa ma muli o ka ihu proboscis i nā kāne a me nā ʻāpana nui. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i ka ihu i kona nui kiʻekiʻe e ka makahiki ʻewalu o ke ola o ka silaʻo elephant a kau aku ma luna o kona waha a me nā ihu. I ka wā moe, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia ʻōpala ma muli o ka nui o ka holo nui o ke koko. ʻOiai i ka wā o nā hakakā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hōʻeuʻeu o nā kāne ke haehae i kēlā me kēia i nā puʻupuʻu e holo ana kekahi.
I kēia ʻano o nā ʻīlima, ʻo nā nui o nā kāne he mau manawa i ʻoi aku i nā nui o nā wahine. No laila, hiki i ke kāne ke lōʻihi i ka 6,5 m ka lōʻihi, akā ʻo ka wahine aia wale nō a hiki i ka 3,5 m ka lōʻihi.
Paʻa ʻia nā elepela o ke kai i ka iʻa a me nā cephalopods. Hiki iā lākou ke'ō aku i ka waiwai no ka hohonu o 1400 m.O kēia mea no ka nui o lākou ka nui a me ka nui o ke koko, hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka oxygen. I ka holo ʻana i kahi hohonu, e maloʻo ana ka hana o nā ʻōpū kūloko i nā elepana moana, ʻo ia ke kumu e emi ai ka make o ka oxygen.
E alakaʻi ana nā elepana moana i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia makahiki e ʻākoakoa lākou i mau hui no ka moe. No ka ʻoi o ka nui o nā wahine iʻoi aku ma mua o ka nui o nā kāne, ke kaua koko mai ke ola o ka harem e loaʻa i waena o ka hopena. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa ola ʻoi aku nā kāne ma muli o nā hakakā he nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā wahine, a he 14 mau makahiki. Noho ka wahine i ka awelika o 4 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi.
Heu kuʻuna no ka ʻohana ka ʻohana pepeiao. He holoholona nani ʻokoʻa kēia o nā nui. Nui kekahi mau ʻano o nā wili hulu manu e noho nei i ka hemisekoma hema.
Ma ka ʻāina Antarctic e noho ai nā kohu hika hema. No laila piʻi ʻo ka hōʻailona o ka hulu Kerguelen i ke anuanu hema a koho i nā ʻāina nona kahi i loaʻa i nā wai nui o ka Moana Hema. Noho kēia holoholona i nā mokupuni e waiho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o Antarctica. ʻO ka mamao loa ʻo ka mokupuni ʻo Kerguelen, aia no ia mai Antarctica ma kahi mamao o 2000 km.
Holo nā pūlima Fur i ka lōʻihi o 1,9 m, nā wahine a hiki i 1,3 m. Na nā holoholona e kaupaona 150 a 50 kg, kēlā. He ʻeleʻele-hina ka poli o ka ʻili. He mane ʻeleʻele ke kāne, me ka lauoho ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha.
I ke kauwela, hoʻokumu nā haki hulu manu i nā kai ma ke kahakai, a hoʻopau i nā mahina o ka hoʻoilo ma ka Hema Hema, e neʻe ana i ka ʻākau - kokoke i ka mahana. ʻO ka ʻenemi nui ka holoholona o ka kohola pepehi kanaka. Noho nā ʻīlio Fur i 20 mau makahiki.
Cetacean Antarctica
Noho ka holoholona nui loa ma ka Honua ma nā wai Antartika. kai kohola. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino ka lōʻihi ma 30 m, a ʻo 150 kona kaupaona ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia wai nui o ka moana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke Komohana Hema e like me ka lawena kai. I ka mahina hoʻoilo, neʻe ia i ka ʻākau a loaʻa iā ia ma ka latitude o Ausetalia. I ka pūnāwai, e hoʻoiho nei kēia holoholona i ke kūkulu hema inā ʻoliʻoli maikaʻi i ka ʻoluʻolu o nā wai Antarctic. ʻO ka paola ʻulaʻula nui e hānai ana i ka krill, ʻoi mau ka nui o nā crustaceans, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā cephalopods.
Noho ma ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema a ma kohola nui a pākuhi paha. Loaʻa ia i kona inoa paha ma muli o ka hope dorsal, ka like me ka hump i hoʻohiki ai, a i ʻole i ka ʻūhā e kū ana i ke kua i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kohola uliuli, ʻo ka humpback he 2 mau manawa pōkole a ʻo ke kaupaona he 5 mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi. Aka, ke kaʻawale mau ʻia e kona hoʻokūkū keu, ka mea e pono ai ka poʻe e makaʻala a ʻike lākou iā lākou iho e pili i kēia mammal.
Noho ia ma ka wai Antartika a me kohola pepehi kanaka, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea hoʻonani i loaʻa i kēia manawa. Mai kēia holoholona ʻano ikaika a ikaika ka ʻōpū a me nā kohola.
ʻO ke lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā kāne a hiki i ka 10 m, a ʻo ke kaupaona ka palena i loko o 8 t. I nā wahine, 7 ka lōʻihi o ke kino, 7 m, a ʻo ke kaumaha ka lōʻihi ma mua o 5 t. ʻO nā huaʻā ikaika a he mau niho ikaika nui. Ma ke kua a me ke poʻo ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo e loaʻa ke aniani keʻokeʻo. Aia hoʻi nā wahi keʻokeʻo e kokoke ana i nā maka.
Noho ʻo Orcas i nā hui o 15-20 kanaka. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa a me ka momi. Hiki iā lākou ke hue i ka hohonu o 300 m a ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i 20 mau minuke. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi hana hou o nā kohola pepehi kanaka. ʻO ke ola kahi makahiki he 50 mau makahiki.
Nā manu o antarctica
Penguins ʻo ia ka mea kaulana loa a me nā manu a pau o ka pili ʻo Antarctica. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻike pehea e lele ai, akā hiki iā lākou ke hele a komo i loko o ka wai. Noho kēia mau manu a ʻuʻuku i nā hui. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, krill, squid.
ʻO kekahi o nā penguin nui kaulana ka Emperor Penguin. ʻAʻole ia ka nui loa wale nō, akā ʻo ka ikaika loa o nā peʻaleʻa āpau. Hiki i kona kiʻekiʻe ke hiki aku i ka 1,2 m, a me ke koʻikoʻi - 45 kg.
ʻO ka hapa nui loa o kēia mau manu ʻo Adelie penguins. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā penguins emperor, ʻoi aku lākou i liʻiliʻi, ʻo 70 ka nui o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i ka 6 kg ke kaumaha. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa a lākou e hoʻopau ai i ka wai a i nā glacier, hele lākou i ka ʻāina no ka pili.
ʻO ka mahalo, he ʻōpala loa nā penguins a e hoʻokokoke nā poʻe iā lākou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano kino o ke kino, ka ʻai, ka nohona, ka ʻano holoholona a me nā ʻenemi o nā ʻelele ma ka heluhelu ʻana i ka ʻatikala "All About Antarctica Penguins" ma kā mākou pūnaewele.
Albatrosses - nā manu ikaika a nui. Hiki iā lākou ke lele a hiki i ka 1000 km i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO Albatrosses ka manu ʻo Antarctic. Noho lākou ma nā wai kokoke i ke konika ʻenehana, a me ka pūnana ma nā mokupuni subantarctic.
ʻO ka nui loa o nā albatrosses ka mea albatross kaheʻe. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kēia mau manu a hiki i 1,2 m, ka nui o ka pua he 10 kg, a he mau ʻāpana mākelika ka nui - a hiki i 3.2 m.
I nā pākeke, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ka plumage, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka maka ʻeleʻele ma hope o nā ʻēheu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau manu e kahi beak ikaika. He pelu kahele ʻeleʻele nā Albatross paws.
He manu noho manuahi nā Albatrosses. I nā kolone, e noho wale ana lākou i ka wā hana. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa a pau ma ke kai. Pākuʻi kēia mau manu i ka iʻa, nā mollusks a me nā mea kanu. Hoʻokele pū ʻo Albatrosses i nā ʻōpala i waiho ʻia e nā wahi hoʻonaninani ʻana i ka iʻa. ʻAʻole lele ka wai ma luna o ka 15 m.ʻehā kēia mau manu e lele i ka makani.
Skuas - He manu nui e noho ana i ke kahakai kahakai o Antarctica a me nā mokupuni e pili ana. Nui nā ʻano like o ka skuas. ʻO nā Polika skuas Hema wale nō nā manu e lele hohonu i ʻAmelika, a hiki i ka South Pole.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka manu a hiki i ka 0.5 m. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka polu skuas hema a hiki i 1,4 m. ʻO ka beak o ka manu ka ikaika, me nā kihi ʻili e kūlou ana i ka hopena. ʻAʻeleʻele ke kala o nā hulu i ka skuas, akā i kekahi manawa i ʻeleʻele me ka paʻu brownish.
Skuas ka hānai ʻana i nā iʻa, nā Antarctic krill a me nā mea hana manu ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka carrion, nā pīpī manu, a me nā huaʻai petrel. A inā i kahi o kahi Antartika e noho kokoke ana, hiki i kēia mau manu ke ʻai i ka ʻai kanaka, ke lawe pololei nei i ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau lima.
Ua kū pololei nā kuʻu koko i ka ʻāina o nēia a i nā mokupuni pili kokoke. He mau ʻāpana nā kahua ʻoihana waiwai e loaʻa ana i nā manu he ʻumi. Kūpono nā ʻōna hopena o nā manu i mau makahiki he nui a noho i nā panalāʻau like ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mākua ʻelua i ka inkubation o nā hua hakahaka. Eia pū, e hānai a hānai i nā kao.
Kāila - He manu kīlani e hānai ana i ka mākeke. Ma ka ʻāina nike kū ʻoe e hiki ke hālāwai me nā ʻano heila. ʻO ka manu ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ka Honua, nona nā wahi kūlike e hiki ai i ka hohonu o Antarctica ma kahi mamao a 325 km mai ke kahakai, he paila panini.
I ka lōʻihi, ua hiki kēia manu i ka 0.4 m. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino o ke kumu o ka hau ma mua o 0.5 kg. Hiki i nā ʻēheu o ka manu ke loaʻa i ka 0.9 m. Ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo, ma luna o ka mea ke nānā maka i ka aniani ʻeleʻele a me ka beak.
Hoʻomaʻa ka petrel hau i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻu a me nā mea kanu. ʻAi pū kekahi i nā ʻalekina a me nā penguins. ʻAi kēia manu i ka pō a me ke ao ma ka wai o ke kai, he maʻamau ka waena o ka hau hau, kaʻai pinepine ma ke kahakai.
ʻO nā huila hau hoʻoilo i nā koloni a i nā pālua ʻelua. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pūnaewele me ka manu e nā makahiki he nui. Kaulana ʻia nā ʻaina ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā pali, nā pali, nā pali. He ʻanā liʻiliʻi lākou i ka ʻāina a ua palekana maikaʻi mai ka makani. Hoʻokomo ke hoa āpau i hoʻokahi hua manu i ka manawa. ʻO nā skuas kaʻe kūlohelohe o nā ʻenekela hau, nā mea e huki ai i kā lākou ʻuʻuku a me ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā moa.
ʻO Antarctica ka ʻāina o ke anuanu mau loa, ka hau, ka hau a me ka makani ikaika. Kaianaha a maikaʻi nā holoholona e noho ana ma kona ʻāina. ʻO nā holoholona o Antarctica he ikaika loa, akā naʻe, ʻoiai e noho ana ma kēia wahi o ke ao nei e hakakā me ka ola. ʻO ka poʻe prediter e noho ana maanei ke hana nei i nā kaua hakakā me ko lākou mau ʻenemi, akā ma nā wahi e noho ai lākou e aloha a mālama. Lawelawe ʻo Antarctica i wahi noho no nā holoholona he nui, ʻoiai nā pilikia a pau o nā nohona.
Ua hōʻano hou ʻia: 08.12.2019