ʻO ke kino o ke kino o ka chipmunk maʻa he 15 mau kenimika, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka huelo he 7-12 mau kenimika, a ʻo ka laulu ma waena o 80 a 100 grama.
ʻOiai ke kū nei ka chipmunks i ka pahu keaka, ʻaʻole i like kēia mau holoholona me kekahi.
ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā wāwae o Chipmunks, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ko lākou wāwae wāwae ma mua o ko lākou mau ʻōpū. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā slmunks a me ka mobile ʻoi aku i nā pahu poli. Ma ke kua o ka chipmunk ma Asia he ʻelima mau kāʻiliʻeleʻele, a ʻo ka tae kino kino ʻāpana poʻokela, ʻoluʻolu ke ʻano o ia ʻano mea like ʻole o kēia mau holoholona.
Hōʻailona o nā Chipmunks Asia
Noho kēia holoholona i ka ʻāina o Eurasia, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe 25 e noho kūʻokoʻa i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO nā Chipmunks kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau.
ʻ preferlelo lākou i ka ʻāina taiga; hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ke ʻano o nā taiga - mai ka Far East a i ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o Rūsia. Kekahi mau kanaka i komo i ka mokuā Kamchatka, akā ʻaʻole nui loa. ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā chipmunks maʻAsia e pili ana i ka noho ʻana o ka lāʻau kedera dwarf a me ka pine cedar.
Hoʻonohonoho Līpina Chipmunks
Nui punahele ka Chipmunks i nā nati, hāʻawi lākou i nā makemake kūikawā i nā hua lāʻau cedar pine. A i ka wā e ulu ana, e hānai lākou i nā pupu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā aila ʻona, ʻo nā pepeke a me nā ʻanuʻu. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o kēia mau holoholona, ʻo ia nā huaʻala o Korea a me Siberian cedar, lehu ahi, linden, maple, umbrella a me nā mea kanu ʻano.
Hoʻohui ʻia, hōʻiliʻili o ka chipmunks i ka palaoa, ka ʻōpala, nā iats, a me nā meamu.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā chipmunks ʻAsia e hiki i nā iʻa.
Nā holoholona chipmunks i nā holoholona i hānau ʻia.
Ma ka manawa like, ke emi nei ko lākou kino kino e nā neʻe he nui, a ua maloʻo ke ola o ke ola āpau, pili i kēia i ka metabolism. ʻO ka mahana o ke kino chipmunks i loko o kēia manawa e hōʻemi ana i ka 3-8 degere, a ʻo ka ea hanu he 2 mau hanu i hoʻokahi minuke.
ʻO Chipmunks stockpile, hōʻiliʻili a i ka 5 kilograms o nā pine pine, nā hua a me nā panicle o nā cereals. Hoʻomaka lākou e mālama i ka meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo mai ka mahina o ʻAukake. ʻO nā ʻōpū o lalo o nā chipmunks i loaʻa pinepine i nā puʻukū, nā puaʻa hihiu, nā sables, nā bea a me ka hōʻino iā lākou.
Hoʻokūkū ʻia nā chipmunks Asia i nā lua paʻa i paʻakikī e ʻike. Lawe ka chipmunk i ka lua i ka lua, no ke kumu o ka masking.
Aia ka lua i kahi lumi moe, he papa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i lalo a me kahi mauʻu, me nā ʻekeʻeke. Eia kekahi, aia kahi hoʻomaha.
Noho wale ʻo Chipmunks, me kēlā me kēia kanaka i kāna papa pākahi. I hoʻokahi lua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele pono ʻia nā chipmunks ʻelua. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā chipmunks i loko o kahi lua, e hakakā mau lākou ma waena o lākou iho. Me ka loaʻaʻole o ka huaʻai, ke waiho nei nā chipmunks i kā lākou wahi hānai a e nānā no nā mea hou.
Loaʻa i nā Chipmunks kahi ʻōnaehana kani leo maikaʻi. I ka wā e pōʻino ai, hāpau lākou i kahi'ōlio koi a i loko o kahi pīpī monosyllabic. I ka wā e kahakaha ai, kāhea nā wahine i ka "hook-hook".
Holo Kāleakui Chipmunks
I ka hopena o Mei, 3 a 10 mau pēpē i hānau keiki i ka wahine. ʻO ka maʻa wale nō ka malama i hoʻokahi mahina. Ke kaupaona nei nā Chipmunks i ka 3-4 kaleka, ua makapō a ʻike ʻole. I loko o kekahi mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā mea aloha ma ko lākou kua. A ma ka mahina o ke ola, e hāakaʻa nā maka.
Noho ka chipmunks opio me ko lākou makuahine i 2 mau mahina. I ka hoʻohou, he nui ka ʻōpio o nā kānaka i ka heluna o nā chipmunks. Ke kūlohelohe nei, ola nā chipmunks ʻĀina he 3-4 mau makahiki, a i ka hoʻopio ʻana he lōʻihi - e pili ana i 5-10 mau makahiki.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO Chipmunks kahi prerogative Amerika maoli, no laila he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hiki ʻana i nā moʻomeheu ʻAmelika a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana kēia mau holoholona i nā kumu nui. He maʻi maʻamau lākou no nā pā o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (ma laila he mau ʻāpana he 25 mau ʻano o ka chipmunks), a no Eurasia - kahi lihilihi. Eia kekahi, inā e hele wao ʻoe i nā ulu lāʻau Siberia, a laila aia ka manawa e ʻike nui ai i nā chipmunks nui o Āhia, no ka mea paʻa ʻia iā lākou kekahi mau ʻāina.
ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻimi ʻia nā chipmunks o Asia i nā ululāʻau o ke ala taiga. Aia lākou ma nā wahi āpau - mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina a hiki i ka ʻIla Hikina. ʻIke ʻia kekahi me lākou iā Kamchatka, ʻoiai ma ka helu liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kahi i noho ai ka chipmunks i maʻalahi i nā mea kanu. Pono e kikoo i ka pine cedar a me ka elfin.
Mea waiwai no ke kanaka
Lā kahili ʻia ka chipmunk a hiki ke mālama ʻia e like me ke holoholona holoholona. ʻO Siberian chipmunk kahi waiwai ʻono liʻiliʻi (ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻili). Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka pae, e hoʻopōʻino i nā mea kanu palaoa, me nā hua lāʻau. ʻO ia kahi mea lawe kūlohelohe ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he 8 mau maʻi kūlohelohe kūwili (kūmū-pili encephalitis, rickettsiosis, toxoplasmosis, etc.).
He wiwo ole kēia mau holoholona kūlohelohe i ka mālama a mālama pono. Hoʻohālikelike lākou i nā poli ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i loko o ka mea i loaʻa ʻole nā mea momona mai loko mai o lākou, e like me ka laʻana, mai nā iʻa a i ʻole hamsters. ʻO kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui i ka mālama ʻana iā lākou. A mahele koke lākou me ka luhi. Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hana iā ʻoe iho i kēlā holoholona like ʻole, a laila pono ʻoe e hana i nā ʻoihana āpau e pono ai nāna e hōʻoluʻolu iā ia a palekana. ʻO ka mea mua pono ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi puna kūpono. E makemake ana nā Chipmunks (home) e holo, no laila makemake lākou i kahi pale o ka nui nui - ma kahi o 100 × 50 × 60 cm. Pono ia he metala a loaʻa nā hapa he nui. Hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo ia e kau i kahi holo kaʻa a i kahi hale kahi e hiamoe ai ka chipmunk. E noʻonoʻo e waiho i nā lālā a me ka driftwood i loko o ka hale. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka litter e hana ʻia mai ka sawdust, akā hiki nō ke hana ʻia mai ka mauʻu poika. ʻO ka manawa maʻamau, pono ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia o ka hale mai nā lāʻau lāʻau, ʻaʻole e hoʻolei wale i nā mea āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi, me ka mea nui o ka pīpī.
ʻO nā haʻahaʻa o nā kiko o ka holoholona
ʻAʻole kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻokuʻu koke i ka chipmunk mai ka lua, e pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka holoholona iā ia, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mau hebedoma hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana mua iā ia e hele a puni ka hale. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe nei, ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana. ʻOiai ʻo ka holoholona ka hana wale nō i ka lā, ʻo ka pō ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻopilikia. ʻAʻole hānau ʻia nā Chipmunks i ka home; lilo lākou i ka palaka a ʻaʻole i hana i ka manawa hoʻoilo. I kēia manawa, pono i ka holoholona ke haunaele a makaʻu paha, ma muli o ka hopena e hiki ke lilo i ka ulu. Ua haʻi mua mākou ua hana koke ka chipmunk Asia i kahi kanaka, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e lawe i ka meaʻai mai kona mau lima i ka wā lōʻihi, no laila inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻopiha koke i kāu holoholona, hoʻohana i ka ʻai no kēia.
ʻOi aku e pili ana i ka mea nui
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka holoholona (ʻo ka chipmunk) ʻaʻole makemake i ka wela wela, ma ka hihiu wale nō i ka puna, aia ia he maloʻo, hiki ke hoʻolū i ka lā. No laila, pono e kūkulu ʻia i nā wahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i loko o ka pā hale e hiki ai i ka holoholona ke hūnā inā makemake. I ka pūnāwai, ua makemake ʻia a ma ka home e hoʻolako i ka rodent me ka manawa kūpono e bask i ka lā. He mea nui ia e ʻike i ka hopu ʻana i kahi chipmunk e ka huelo i hiki ʻole ai iā lākou ke kīpī, no ka mea, he ʻiliʻili nui ka ʻili, no laila e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ʻeha, kahi e hoʻoiho ai i ka huelo. Mai poina inā ʻoe ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka meaʻaiʻai ʻo ka holoholona, me ke kōkua o ia e hoʻoili ai i nā mea i hana ʻia iā ia, a laila hiki iā lākou ke ulu a ulu i kahi hiki ke make.
ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi Chipmunks
- ʻO ka poʻe noho o Siberia, ka mea e hoʻolohe nei i nā chipmunks, no kekahi mau kumu ke manaʻo nei ʻo ia mau holoholona me ka hoʻōho ʻana e like me ka "chipunkun" (e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ua kūkulu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana chipmunks) a, ma laila, hele akula ka inoa - chipmunk, ʻo ia ka inoa onomatopoeic o ka holoholona.
- I ka waha o kahi chipmunk ma Asia, a hiki i kahi 80 karā o nā nati e loaʻa. ʻO ia, maʻalahi lākou e lawe me lākou i nā lako e like me ko lākou kaupaona.
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiwai kūʻai o kēia mau holoholona.
Ka helu helu
I ka hopena, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano e pili ana i ka nui o ka heluna o kēia mau holoholona. Kūpono ʻia lākou ma nā puke ʻĀina:
- Nizhny Novgorod māhele,
- Tatarstan
- Repubalika o Chuvashia.
ʻO ia nā wahi e hōʻike i ka palena komohana o ka wahi. No laila, i kēia mau wahi, ua palena nā helu o nā chipmunks. Ka mea, he pono ke mālama i ka heluna kanaka.
Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, lawa ka lawaiʻa no ka chipmunk maʻa a ua nui ka poʻe i ka lawaiʻa i laila, ʻoiai, hoʻohana ʻia ka hulu o kēia holoholona, i mea e hiki ke kūpono. ʻO kekahi manawa lawaiʻa no kahi chipmunk maʻa he mea waiwai nui o ka prophylactic, no ka mea, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke hōʻeha nui i nā ʻano kīhāpai a me nā hua ʻai, a me ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole. Hiki kēia i nā wahi o ka lehulehu e loaʻa i ka nui nui, ma nā ʻāpana hikina o ka awā.
A me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka noho ʻana
ʻO nā Chipmunks kahi poʻe kīʻaha nona ma ka ʻohana baʻi. Noho lākou i ka hapanui o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻo nā hui wale nō ʻo Siberian a ʻo ʻAsia, e noho ana ʻo Kina a me ʻEulopa. ʻO ka hapa nui lākou e noho ai i nā ululāʻau māmā, i nā ʻulā lepo a i lalo o nā kumulāʻau, akā i ka wā e hopohopo nei lākou, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i kahi kumu. Pono ke chipmunk i ka noho aloha, no laila i ka pio ka pono e hāʻawi i kēlā me kēia holoholona i kona pā ponoʻī. E ola ana kahi pīpīkipia maʻAmelika, ke kiʻi āu e ʻike ai i kēia ʻatikala, i loko o ka hihiu no kahi o 3 mau makahiki, a i ka hoʻopio ʻana no ka 5-6 mau makahiki, akā aia nō kekahi manawa i noho ai ka holoholona i 10 mau makahiki me ka mālama pono a me ka mālama pono ʻana. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa lākou maʻamau, akā ʻokoʻa like nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i hiki iā lākou ke ala, hoʻāla hou i nā lako, a laila moe hoʻi i ka hiamoe.
ʻĀpana Chipmunk
He wiwo ʻole kēia rodent i ka meaʻai. Hoʻohana ka Chipmunk ma ka home i nā cereals kaulana āpau. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou makemake i nā nati (ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i nā ʻalemona!), Kīlima, nā ʻula a me nā mea e pono ai iā ʻoe. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i ka chipmunk ʻĀina ʻaʻole ia he mea loea, pono hoʻi ia e hāʻawi i ʻai i nā holoholona holoholona, no ka laʻana, ka maʻi a me nā ʻōlima, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi iā lākou me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo lau. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka mauʻu hou, nā hua, nā hua ʻai a me nā mea kanu me ka leʻaleʻa, nā hua citrus wale nō e hānai pinepine ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i nā kīmakūmilima, no ka mea aia ko lākou mau iwi i ka mea i pōmaikaʻi ʻia no ka holoholona.
Pono ka wai wai i loko o ka lua. Hiki i kekahi holoholona ke hoʻolei i kahi kīʻaha, no laila e noʻonoʻo ʻia e hoʻokomo i kahi kī inu inu, a he ʻole kekahi. Pono ka chipmunk e kau i kahi ʻāpana o ke koʻi, e ʻānai ana iā ia. Ma ke ala, i kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka meaʻai maloʻo kūikawā i kahi kokoke i kekahi hale kūʻai holoholona pono e hoʻololi aku iā ia me ka meaʻai maʻamau, nā mea e hoʻoliʻawale i nā meaʻai holoholona.
Hoʻohālikelike
Hoʻokahi ʻia ka chipmunk ma Asia (a ʻo Siberian) hoʻi i kēia manawa, no laila e makaʻala ʻoe i kāna pēpē. ʻO ke ʻano ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka holoholona i ka mea nona, hiki nō ke hoʻopuʻe, ka poʻe, e manaʻoʻiʻo mai iaʻu, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu. Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hana iā ʻoe iho i kēlā holoholona like, a laila e akahele pono i nā kikoʻī o luna. Inā hāʻawi ʻia ka holoholona i ka meaʻai kūpono a me nā kūlana ola kūpono, ola ia a lōʻihi e leʻaleʻa ʻoe a me kou ʻohana.
Kauka - Rodents / Suborder - Squirrel / Family - Squirrel
Kēlā ʻAmiaa / Siberian chipmunk (Latin Tamias sibiricus) he mammal o ka chipmunk genus o ka ʻohana squirrel rodent. ʻO nā mea wale nō o nā chipmunks e noho nei ma Eurasia (ʻo nā koena i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika). Hoʻomau pinepine ʻia ia i kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa - Eutamias.
Holo nui ka chipmunk Siberian ma ka ʻāina taiga o Eurasia: mai ke kūkulu ʻākau-hikina o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa a i ka ʻĀkau Hikina (koe wale ʻo Kamchatka), Northern Mongolia, Sakhalin a me Hokkaido. Nui nā mea i loaʻa i nā ulu lāʻau cedar-deciduous o ka Primorsky Territory, kahi i noho ai nā 200-300 chipmunks ma 1 km2 i nā makahiki maikaʻi.
He liʻiliʻi ʻo Chipmunk (ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi koʻi poʻo), nā holoholona ʻīwī me ke kino elongated a me kahi ʻoi lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 12-17 cm, ʻehā 7-12 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe 80-111 g. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā wāwae ma mua o nā squirrels, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hind ma mua o ka mua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana ma ka lauoho.
ʻO ka waiho ʻana i nā kala: ma ka kua i ke kūpaʻa hina-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula he mau ʻelele ʻeleʻele lōʻihi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka mālamalama. ʻŌpū ma ka ʻōpū. E ka hina ma ka lalo a o ka peʻe ma lalo. He pōkole ke kuʻahiʻu, me ka pōkole ʻoiʻe, ʻaʻole e loli ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kala. Hoʻopau Chipmunk i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki, i Iulai-Kepakemapa. He liʻiliʻi nā puka, kahi liʻiliʻi pubescent, me nā ʻaole hope ʻole. Aia i nā ʻāpana pipi i hoʻomohala ʻia.
Hōʻalo ka wā hoʻouluulu chipmunk ma ʻApelila - Mei, ma hope o ka ala ʻana mai ka hānau ʻana. Hānau ʻia nā Cubs i ka lā hope o Mei - Iune ma hope o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o 30 lā. ʻO ka laulā o nā cubs he 3-4 g, hānau lākou he kapa a he makapō. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā poli pōʻeleʻele i ko lākou kua. Loaʻa nā maka no 31 lā. Noho lākou me ko lākou makuahine a hiki i 2 mau mahina. ʻO ka nohona o ke ola he 2-3 mau makahiki ma ke kūlohelohe, i ka pio - 5-10 mau makahiki.
E ʻai ana i nā hua, nā ʻuʻuku a me nā hua waina. ʻAi pinepine i nā ʻāpana ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mea kanu, nā pepeke, nā ʻehā.
Hoʻohana ia i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, akā i ka ahiahi, mālama mau pinepine i ka lepo, i loko o kahi puʻu, puʻu nui ʻana o nā pōhaku, ʻoiai e piʻi ka lāʻau. ʻAʻole hopohopo pinepine kekahi kanaka, a inā e hānai ʻo ia i ka chipmunk, ua lilo koke ia i ʻāpana.
Kipi ʻo nā Chipmunks. Loaʻa ka hole chipmunk ma luna o kahi puʻu maloʻo maloʻo, maʻamau i kekahi ʻano o ka noho ʻana: ma lalo o nā aʻa, i nā pali a i ʻole ka ulu lāʻau. Mai ka puka komo, hele pololei loa ia i loko, a laila 2-3 mau manawa i ka ʻaoʻao a hoʻopau a me ke kāmole me kahi pūnaho spherical. I nā lua wai, kahi e hānau ai nā holoholona a huaʻa keiki, aia ke kū nei ʻo 1-2 mau lumi ma nā wahi hānai a me 1-3 snorkels (pōkole make) - latrines. Aia ka burrow he 0.6-4 m lōʻihi, nā keʻena me kahi anawaena o 20-35 cm ma ka hohonu o 40-150 cm.ʻawa i ke kauwela, i kekahi manawa ke noho nei i nā hii. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā Chipmunks e neʻe i kahi haneli mau mika mai kā lākou mau lua.
Hānau lākou i ka hoʻoilo, akā ke ala mau i ka ʻai mai nā lāʻau paʻa i hana ʻia i ka hāʻule (hiki i 10 kg). Hoʻomaka ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻOkakopa a ʻApelila.
ʻO ka leo leo kiʻo chipmunk ke kamaʻilio leo nui ia, ma mua o ke kani ʻana i kahi kani lahilemu. Manaʻo nā kamaʻāina ʻoi aku ka nui o nā chipmunks e kāhea no ka loli i ka hoʻoilo. Akā ke lohe pinepine ʻia kā lākou hāmeʻa hāhai ʻia i ka wā ʻo ia e hoʻomālamalama ʻole ana iā lākou ua manaʻo wai ʻole - ua uhi nā ao i ka lā, a pohaʻeleʻele.
ʻO nā loli lōʻihi i ka helu o ka chipmunk ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia. Ua hōʻike ka nui o nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā poʻe o nā kauhale taiga ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i nā loli i ka helu o nā chipmunks i nā makahiki. No kekahi laʻana, ma Yakutia, ʻoi aku ka helu o nā chipmunks ma nā wahi like ʻole i mau makahiki (mai ka 4 i ka 5,3 holoholona no 10 km o ke ala).
Siberian chipmunk a me ke kāne
He liʻiliʻi kūʻai waiwai ʻo Siberian chipmunk (hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻili). Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka pae, e hoʻopōʻino i nā mea kanu palaoa, me nā hua lāʻau. ʻO ia kahi mea lawe kūlohelohe ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he 8 mau maʻi kūlohelohe kūwili (kūmū-pili encephalitis, rickettsiosis, toxoplasmosis, etc.).
Maʻaleʻa a Chipmunk a mālama ʻia a mālama ʻia e like me ka mālama ʻana.
) Hoʻokaʻa pinepine ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻano kūʻokoʻa - Eutamias .
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Kāleka
He liʻiliʻi ʻo Chipmunk (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke koʻikoʻi), he holoholona ʻīwī me ke kino elongated. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 12-17 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 7-12 cm, ʻo ke kaumaha he 80-130 g. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā wāwae ma mua o nā puʻupuʻu, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hind ma mua o ka mua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana ma ka lauoho.
ʻO ka waiho ʻana i nā kala: ma ka kua i ke kūpaʻa hina-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula he mau ʻelele ʻeleʻele lōʻihi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka mālamalama. ʻŌpū ma ka ʻōpū. Kuhi ma lalo nā peʻe, ʻokoʻa ma lalo. He pōkole ke kuʻahiʻu, me ka pōkole ʻoiʻe, ʻaʻole e loli ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kala. Hoʻopau Chipmunk i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki, i Iulai-Kepakemapa. He liʻiliʻi nā puka, kahi liʻiliʻi pubescent, me nā ʻaole hope ʻole. Aia i nā ʻāpana pipi i hoʻomohala ʻia.
Kālā
ʻO ka chipmunk Asia i pālahalaha nui i ka palena taiga o Eurasia: mai ke kūkulu ʻākau-hikina o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa a hiki i ka ʻĀkau Hikina (ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻāina Magadan), ʻĀpana Northern, nā mokupuni o Sakhalin a me Hokkaido. Hiki iā ia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke Komohana o Kuril Hema, i ka mauna mauna ʻo East Kazakhstan. Ma ke kīʻaha Anadyr, e hāloʻi ka laulā i nā ʻāpana tundra. Hōʻike i ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i ka hua manuahi, kūleʻa i ka pōmaikaʻi. I luna 70-80 mau makahiki. ʻAʻohe i hala ke kenekulia XX ma Kamchatka, ua hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia ia i ka penikala ma nā awāwa ʻo nā awāwa o Palana lāua ʻo Elovka i 1983, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina ʻo Kamchatka e hoʻomau mau ana i nā awāwa o nā muliwai Vyvenka, Apuk a me Penzhina, akā naʻe, heʻuʻulima nō hoʻi ia. Ma ka makahiki 2007, hoʻonoho ʻo Kenozero National Park. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa o Rūsia, ʻo ka chipmunk ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa e neʻe ana ma ke komohana. Ua ʻike ʻia kona mau wahi noho kūʻokoʻa ma ke komohana o ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow ma ka Pae o Lake. Hohonu a kokoke i Porech. E like me nā hopena o nā haʻawina genetic molekala a me ka like o ka ʻaoʻao o waho, ʻo nā Chipmunks e kokoke ana iā Moscow kahi mea kokoke loa i ka moana. E pili ana i kēia, ʻimi nā kānakaʻepekema i ka manaʻo o nā chipmunks i hopu ʻia ma ka Terekia Primorsky, ua hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia ʻia lākou i loko o ka hihiu.
Ma ke Kauka Hikina o Lūkia, e hoʻomau ʻia ka laulā o ka chipmunk Siberian e kona mau subspecies - ka Yakut chipmunk Tamias sibiricus jacutensis Ognev, kahi i komo i loko o ke awāwa ʻo Parapol a hōʻea ma ka puke ʻo Kamchatka i nā 1980s.
Nui nā chipmunk i nā ululāʻau ʻo Primorsky Krai, kahi i noho ai nā 200-300 chipmunks i kahi 1 km² i nā makahiki maikaʻi.
Hoʻokahukahi
He holoholona hihiu no ka hānai, aia ma loko o kāna ʻano o kāna mau ʻike a me ka hōʻailona me ka hana like ʻole he ʻokoʻa ʻole ia mai kahi baʻi. ʻO lāua nā hiʻohiʻona ʻelua ma ke alo o kahi ʻoi hoʻowalewale a he pōkole loa. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o kēia kiʻi i nā kāʻei lōʻihi i ka kua, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka ʻeleʻele. I waena o nā papa inoa o nā panalāʻau o ka ʻāina Sverdlovsk, loaʻa i kahi chipmunk i ʻelua mau kalapu nui. Hōʻike ʻia ka "chipmancing pani gula me ka lāʻī lōʻihi" i ke kaʻe o nā lima o ka moku o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Krasnoturinsk ma kahi ʻano hoʻohiki i ka inoa no nā inoa pilikino. "ʻO kahi chipmunk gula me nā maka ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻōpio i hope o ke kumu ʻulaʻula."
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka meaʻai Chipmunk ka huaʻaina o nā lāʻau coniferous a deciduous, nā mea kanu, nā lāʻau, nā hua a me nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu a kekahi mau lāʻau a me nā mea ʻēheu. I kekahi mau wahi, i Siberia a me ka Far East, nā chipmunks i hōʻino i nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia.
Noho ka chipmunk i loko o nā lua i ʻeli ʻo ia iā ia, e hūnā ana i ka puka ma waena o nā kumu lāʻau a i lalo o ka lāʻau o kahi lāʻau i hāʻule ai. Pahu ka lua a, ʻoiai ma ka alaloa nui a me kekahi mau moʻo mai pōwā, loaʻa kahi pū a me kahi pā. Noho ka kiʻi manuahi spherical me ka mauʻu a me nā lau. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻonohonoho kahi chipmunk i kahi pūnana i kahi hakahaka. Hoʻonui ʻo ia i ka hoʻoilo i ka wā hoʻoipo, curled a i kona ʻoluʻolu a me ka hoʻoluʻolu.
ʻĀina waiwai
No ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kānaka, ʻaʻohe kīmona nā chipmunks, ʻo ka hōʻino ʻia e lākou ma kekahi mau wahi i ka mea kanu ua kīnā ʻole loa a uhi ʻia i ka pōmaikaʻi o kahi kanaka mai ka hopu ʻana i kēia holoholona.
Kūkū kiʻi o nā chipmunks ma Kazakhstan.
"E hiki mai ka manawa e lilo ke kanaka i nā kānaka a pau i hanu ai."
Nā kiʻi o kahi chipmunk Asia ma Kazakhstan.
Mālama Chipmunk Asia.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Chipmunk ma nā wahi āpau, ma nā ululāʻau o nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nani o ia mea e kanu me nā lāʻau cedar (ma ka liʻiliʻi i ka wā o ka ʻohi walnut).
ʻO nā ʻala i nā mauna i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka nahele, ʻo ia hoʻi, mai 1800 mau mika ma luna o ke kai kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina i ka 2200 - 2250 mika ma luna o ka pae kai ma ka hema. ʻO kekahi manawa hele iki ma kahi o ka ulu lāʻau - ʻike pinepine kēia i nā mahina me nā hua a i nā kiʻekiʻe, ma waena o nā māla lau.
Paʻu ʻo ia i ka hoʻāla ʻana i nā ulu lāʻau rarefied me ka nui o nā makani, nā mea waiho i nā pōhaku - ma ia mau ʻāina ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wahi palekana, nā wahi kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe no nā nīnū. Aia ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu ma nā ʻaluna, a me nā manawa a me nā makahiki, i ʻokoʻa ākea loa - mai 2 - 3 a i 100 - 150, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea pākahi ma kēlā me kēia 1 km. km
Makalulu ka moe hoʻoilo o Asia chipmunk.
Hoʻolilo ʻo Chipmunks i ka hoʻoilo i loko o nā minks a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole like ka hohonu o kā lākou hiamoe i ka gophers, no ka laʻana. I ka wā o nā kūlahalaha, ʻaʻole i ʻole nā panini ma Altai, ke ala aʻe lākou i kekahi manawa, e waiho ana i nā pūhaka, a me nā mea ʻai mai kā lākou ʻai.
ʻOi aku paha ma mua o koʻu manawa e ʻike ai iā lākou i ka waenakonu o ke hoʻoilo, i ke anuanu a me ka hau hoʻoilo - e kūlike ana i ka ʻōlelo a G. D. Dulkeit ". ʻaʻohe nāmilahi i ka hau ma kēia mau wahi (ma Altai) i ka hoʻoilo "(1964, p. 122). He aha ke kumu o kā lākou hana atypical, ʻano paʻakikī, ʻōlelo paha me ke ʻūhū ʻana o ka lewa i ʻike ʻia ma kēia mau makahiki i hala, me ka nele o ka ʻai, ka hopohopo mai ka poʻe wānana?
"Mode of the year" chipmunk Asia.
Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau-hikina o Altai, hibernate nā holoholona i ka wā o ʻOkakopa, i ka hoʻoilo wela - i ka hoʻomaka o Nowemapa. Hele pinepine lākou i ka pūnāwai i loko o ka lua o ka lā o Malaki, i kekahi manawa i loko o ka makahiki mua o kēia mahina. Loaʻa nā hale kiaʻi Chipmunks i ka lepo. He mau lua kēia, aia i waena o nā pōhaku a me nā kumu o nā kumulāʻau, nā ʻōpala i nā pōhaku, a emi pinepine lākou i nā nalo o nā kumulā.
Hoʻopā ka wā ma waena o koʻo Earthen - mai 0, 5 a i ka 1, 0 m. Hoʻonoho ʻia lākou ma lalo o nā aʻa a i ʻole e pili ana iā lākou, kahi mea e pale ai i kā lākou mau nona mai nā bea, makemake nui i nā koho kīnā ʻole, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā chipmunks no ka hoʻoilo. Ma kahi puka i ʻelua mau lumi aʻa - kahi pūnaka a no ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau. Hoʻopili nā loko hoʻokomo o ka hoʻoilo i kahi kāwele earthen.
Ma hope koke o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lua, hoʻomaka nā chipmunks i kahi heihei, i ka wā e hakakā pinepine ai nā kāne. I ka manawa like, makemake lākou e hele decoy, ʻo ia ka mea hana e hana ai. Hānau ʻia ka ʻōpio i ka lā hope o Mei - ʻo Iune kakahiaka ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpaiʻana o 28-30 mau lā. Manaʻo ia ka wahine i ka manawa o ka makahiki e lawe i kahi litter i kahi mai 2 a 10 mau cubs. E hiki i ka wā lulu, hiki i nā poʻe ʻōpio ke nui o nā pākeke a hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
Nā kāʻei o ka chipmunk i Asia.
I kā lākou pantry, ua kāohi nā chipmunks i ka hānai e pono ai lākou e ʻai ai i ke kauwela. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine kēia mau hua coniferous, mua ʻāpara, ma kahi o ia wahi. Hiki i ka lāʻau walnut ke hōʻea i ka 5 - 6 kg.
ʻAʻohe wahi kedera, mālama nā holoholona i nā hua o ke ahi, larch, pua, birch, pua o nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, nā huaʻai o kekahi mau mea kanu, nā huaʻai. Inā loaʻa nā māla me nā hua ʻai kokoke, a laila makemake lākou e hānai iā lākou a hōʻiliʻili i ka huapalaʻi, nā pī, nā iʻa, rye, a me nā mea aʻe, ʻai lākou i nā meakanu like ʻole, i kekahi manawa a me ka ʻola. Mai ka papa inoa ma luna nei he mea maopopo o ka chipmunks e hoʻohana i kahi nui o nā pāʻai.
I nā minks lawe lākou ia mau mea i nā ʻeke ʻīlio. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻōlo nui ma Altai, ʻoiai ke nānā ʻia nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka lōʻihi a me ka nui o nā holoholona e komo ana i loko o lākou. Pili paha lākou me ka hūnā hou o ka ulu ʻōpiopio, e like me ka manaʻo o G. D. Dulkate (1964), a i ʻole me ka hūnā ʻole ʻana o ka ʻōni walnut i loko o nā ulu lāʻau. ʻO nā hua lāʻau Cedar kahiʻai punahele o kēia mau holoholona.
KanikauChipmunk
ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia nā maʻi Chipmunks ma Altai. He nui nā ʻenemi ka holoholona liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui loa o nā manu ʻōiwi - nā ʻaleʻa, nā ʻaka manu nui, a me ka liʻiliʻi, aneane nā holoholona hihiu pono ʻole - mai kahi bear a hiki i kahi ermine. I ka wā e lūlū ai, pinepine ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā chipmunks, ʻeha nā hōʻeha o nā bears i ko lākou nui.
ʻOiai ka nui o nā cones lāʻau kedera ma nā wahi āpau i nā ulu lāʻau kedera i loko o nā makahiki o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā bea, ke ʻimi mau nei, ma nā hihia he nui a lawe maikaʻi i ka waiwai o nā chipmunks. ʻO ka mea, ke ʻohi nei i kahi maʻemaʻe, koho ʻia mai ka pantry o nā holoholona me ka iwi āpau i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻili ʻana me kahi alelo lōʻihi mai loko mai o ka maka.
ʻO nā ʻili o nā ʻōpū, lawe pinepine nā ʻūhā i nā mea mānoanoa, a hiki i 12 - 15 cm ka lōʻihi, nā aʻa, huli i nā pōhaku kaumaha. I nā manawa a nā kahe a i ka 80 - 100 cm hohonu, i kekahi manawa he lula a pau a hiki i 7 - 8 m lōʻihi a he 50 - 60 cm hohonu. Ma nā wahi he nui nā chipmunks a me nā bea, 10-15 , a wehe nui ʻia i nā lua.
I kēia hihia, mau nā bea i kekahi manawa i ka mea nona, inā ʻaʻole manawa he manawa e pakele ai i ka manawa. ʻO nā Chipmunks i ola ma hope o ke kipa ʻana o ka "haku o ka taiga" i ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e pōloli ana, ke kaʻe o ke hau i ke keiga, ke alo nei i nā pilikia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. Eia kekahi, koke ka manawa o ka rutting, i ka wā e pono ai e haipule ikaika. I ka manawa pinepine, make nā holoholona i nā hihia like mai kahi ohe. Inā holo ʻole ka ʻōpala, ʻaʻole hoihoi ka Bears i nā lāʻau chipmunks.
Nā lawaiʻaChipmunk
I ke kenekulia hope, aneane a hiki i ka hopena o nā makahiki 80, ua hāʻawi mau ʻia nā makika chipmunk i nā lāʻau lāʻau ʻoiai ʻo ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa (ʻoiai wale nō he kopecks) kūʻai kumukūʻai, nui ka poʻe kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana aku i kēia mau holoholona. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea nui i ka lawaiʻa ma ka hapa nui o nā keiki, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wahine. ʻOi loa ka nui o nā holoholona i hopu i ka pūnāwai, i ka wā o ka rut, i ka wā e hele ikaika ai nā kāne i nā decoys. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hopu manu ʻole - loiloi i nā poli manawaleʻa (maʻamau i ke koʻokoʻo), slingshot, nā kakaka.
ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo 278 mau tausani (1935), ua kūʻai ʻia ma ka hapa ʻelua o ka 30s. 'o ke kenekulia hope. Ma hope mai, hōʻole mau nā mea hana i ka hopena o ka hopena o 80s. ua oki. No laila, a hiki i kēia lā, ua nalowale ka chipmunk i ke kūlana o nā ʻano kālepa.
Mai hōʻinoChipmunk
ʻO nā Chipmunks ka mea e noho kokoke ana i nā māla me nā mea kanu ʻai a i ʻole nā mea kanu lāʻau paha e hōʻino nui ʻia e ka ʻai ʻana, e huki ana i ka huapalaoa. ʻO ka pīhoihoi lapalapa, ka chipmunk, me nā holoholona taiga a me nā manu, e hoʻopau ai i ka waiwai o ka ʻohi. Ua kaulana nō hoʻi kēlā holoholona kēia mau mea nā mea lawe kumu o nā mea kumu o ka tularemia a me ka encephalitis keleb-kelima.
ʻAmelika pokole pālani pākoki.
He lāʻau liʻiliʻi ʻo Chipmunk, ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā kūwaho, nā nimble, nā holoholona ulana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 130 - 160 mm, ʻeleʻele aʻaole - 80 - 100 mm. Ke kaupaona 60 - 100 g, ma ka awelika 83. ʻEkole nā pōkole, pōkole, pōkole ka lauoho, ka maʻamau ka uhi ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula.
Ma ka kua o ke kua, e hopu ana i ke poʻo i mua, he elima mau aniani, ākea nā ʻōpala ʻeleʻele i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā māla laupaʻomaʻo-ʻalani a me ka melemele. Hāʻawi ke kāleʻele i nā holoholona i kahi ʻano ʻē a maikaʻi loa. E pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ia ʻano kala like ʻole o ka lole o ka holoholona, i ke ʻano he kamaliʻi kona heluhelu ʻana i ka moʻolelo hoʻomanaʻo o kekahi mau kānaka ʻākau. ʻO wau nō ia.
ʻĀnō kulanaChipmunk
ʻO Chipmunk a me ka wā kahiko ka mea aloha like, kaʻana like lākou i nā mea i hoʻopili. I kekahi manawa, nānā a ʻōmaikaʻi paha, a i ʻole ʻo ka chipmunk i hoʻowalewale iā ia, akā huhū wale nō ʻo ia. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo Chipmunk e hiki i nā mea ke hoʻopau i ka maikaʻi, a kuʻi i ka holo. Paʻi akula ʻo Misha iā ia me kāna mau pipi puʻkuʻu, akā i pakele ʻo ia, ma kona kua aia nā ala he 5 o nā māla lika.
Nā mea e pili anaʻOko lahilahi ka chipmunk maʻa.
Ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkia, hoʻokahi inoa o ka holoholona - ka chipmunk, kāhea mai ka Altai iā koruk. He nui nā mea kākau moʻolelo ma ka biology o kēia ʻano ma kēia ʻāina. He mau ʻatikala liʻiliʻi kēia na P. B. Jurgenson a me G. D. Dulkeit, nāna i alakaʻi i nā nānā i loko o ka Altai Reserve.
Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau ʻike i nā paʻi paʻi o B. S. Yudin et al. ʻO ka hapa nui i nā hema hema o Western Siberia V.I. Telegin i komo i kahi chipmunk. Ua mākaukau ʻia kēia ʻatikala ma luna o ka waihona o nā nūpepa i kākau ʻia, nā ʻike a ka mea kākau, nā waihona waihona me nā loiloi o nā kamaʻāina kūloko.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ka chipmunk i kanaka.
Ke kipa aku nei i ka nui o nā mauna-taiga o Altai, ʻo ka manawa pinepine loa mai ka mammal a ʻike ʻoe i ka chipmunk (ma kekahi mau wahi he pika). ʻO kahi holoholona ʻano ikaika, hopohopo, makaʻu ʻole, "wiwo ʻia" i nā holoholona, inā ʻoe e hana maluhia, a me ka hoʻomau, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hana i ka neʻe koke ʻana, hiki iā ia ke pili loa i kāna ʻoihana. E holo ʻo ia ma nimbly, e nānā ana i nā kihi i ʻokoʻa no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, piʻi, maʻa mau i lalo - ma nā lāʻau. Inā he meaʻai, no ka laʻana i ka huaʻai, kau ʻo ia i nā ʻeke pipi a lākou a holo aku pū me ia i ka lua.
PoʻomanaʻoChipmunk - he lua? E like me pikas, ʻo nā chipmunks e hāʻawi i kahi alipani inā i ka pōpilikia - kahi ukiʻi nui a koi paha a squeak, hiki ke lohe ʻia i ka ʻāina. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou kekahi hōʻailona leo, ʻaʻole e like me ka pīpī - kahi mea like me ka "gurgling".
ʻAʻohe chipmunk harbinger o ka ua.
Manaʻo nā kamaʻāina ʻo ia mau "ʻoi" ʻo ka chipmunk he mau harbinger mau wai a i ʻole nā pilikia pili i ka wā. Ua kākau kekahi mea noiʻi e pili ana i kēia hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka chipmunks. E hōʻike ana hoʻi nā mākaʻikaʻi lōʻihi i ka hapa nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole mau ka manawa, ma hope o nā hōʻailona chipmunk e loaʻa ai ka ua a me nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole.
kekahi ʻano o "scanty" loiloi ... e like me ka wikiwiki i kahi
ʻO nā Chipmunks pīhoihoi
• ʻO ka inoa "chipmunk" is onomatopoeic, mai ka Tatar "chipunbu-ryu-burun", nā poʻe kamaʻāina o Siberia e manaʻo he ʻano o kēia chipmunks ma mua o ka ua.
• Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke lawe i nā wahi hakahaka ma ko lākou mau leʻa, i ka manawa i loko o kā lākou waha a hiki i ka 80 gr o nā pine pine i kau ʻia.
Loaʻa i kēia chipmunk kahi waiwai lawaiʻa liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka mea nui o nā Chipmunks o Asia no nā kānaka
He koʻikoʻi waiwai nui ka chipmunks maʻAsia. Hoʻohana ka poʻe i kā lākou ʻili.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka pilina, hiki i nā chipmunks ke hōʻeha i nā hua ʻai a ʻai i nā hua kanu. ʻO nā Chipmunks ka poʻe lawe i ka maʻi maʻa he 8 o nā maʻi maʻi, no ka laʻana, nā toxoplasmosis a me nā encephalitis hōʻailona-kūpaʻa.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻLelo mai ka Chipmunk o Āhia
ʻO Pierre, ʻo kona nalowale ʻana mai kona home aku, ua noho ia i ka lua o ka lā ma kahi hale paʻa o ka hope o Bazdeev. Pehea ua hana nei.
Ke ala aʻe nei i ka lā aʻe ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana i Moscow a hui me Count Rastopchin, ʻaʻole i hiki iā Pierre ke lōʻihi ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kahi o kona wahi a me ka mea a lākou e makemake ai mai iā ia. I ka manawa, ma waena o nā inoa o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e kali nei iā ia i ka hoʻokipa ʻana, hōʻike lākou iā ia e kali nei ka Farani iā ia, me ka lawe ʻana mai i kahi palapala mai Countess Elena Vasilievna, ʻike koke ʻo ia i kēlā manaʻo hilahila a me ka manaʻolana hoʻi i hiki iā ia ke hoʻopio. ʻAno ua ʻike ʻia ia mea ua pau nā mea a pau, ua kāwili ʻia nā mea a pau, ua luku ʻia nā mea a pau, ʻaʻohe mea pololei a hewa ʻole paha, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe a ʻaʻohe ala o waho o kēia kūlana. He leo ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia me ka hoʻowahāwahā i kekahi mea, i kekahi manawa i noho ai ma luna o ka sofa i kahi pose ʻole, hiki i luna, piʻi i luna i ka puka a nānā i ka hakahaka i loko o ka lumi hoʻokipa, a laila, ʻokiʻoki ana i kona mau lima, hoʻi mai ʻo ia, lawe au i ka puke. Ua hele maila ʻo Butler e haʻi aku iā Pierre, ua makemake ke kanaka Pelekane, nāna i lawe mai i ka leka mai ka helu wahine, a ua hele mai lākou mai ka wahinekanemake o I.A. Bazdeev e lawe i nā puke, no ka mea, ua haʻalele ʻo Mrs. Bazdeeva iā ia no ke kauhale.
"ʻAe, ʻae, i kēia manawa, e kali ... A i ʻole ... no, hele ʻoe e haʻi mai iaʻu e hele ana," i ʻōlelo ʻo Pierre i ka mea hānai.
Akā i ka manawa i puka aku ai ka huki manu, ua lawe ʻo Pierre i ka pāpale e waiho ana ma luna o ka pākaukau a hele i waho o ka puka kua puka mai ke aʻo ʻana.ʻAʻohe kanaka o ke keʻena. Ua hele a ʻo Pierre i ka lōʻihi holo o ke alaloa i ka ʻōpū, a me ka uhaʻi ʻana a i ka ʻūhā ʻana i kona lae me nā lima ʻelua, ua iho i lalo i ka papa hana mua. Kū ka poʻe doorman ma ka puka mua. Mai ka paena kahi i iho mai ai ʻo Pierre, ua kū hou kekahi keʻena i ke kua. Hana akula ʻo Pierre iā ia a puka i ka pā. ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike iā ia. Akā, ma ke alanui, i ka manawa i puka aku ai ia i ka puka, ka mea aʻoaʻo, e kū ana ʻo ia me nā mea kauā, a ʻike ka mea mālama hale i ka haku a lawe aku i kona mau pale. No ka manaʻo ʻana i nā maka kūlou iā ia iho, ua hana ʻo Pierre e like me kahi oeto, ua hūnā i kona poʻo i ka lāʻau i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ia, a iho i lalo i kona poʻo a hele i kahi alo, hele i ke alanui.
ʻO nā hihia a pau ma mua o Pierre i kēia kakahiaka, ʻo ka hoʻohemo ʻana o nā puke a me nā pepa a Joseph Alekseevich i manaʻo ʻia iā ia ka mea e pono ai.
Lawe akula ʻo ia i ka cabman mua i hele mai iā ia, a kauoha iā ia e hele i nā loko ʻo Patriarch, kahi o ka hale o ka wahine kāne o Bazdeev.
ʻIke ʻo Pierre i ka mālama ʻana i nā kaʻa neʻe e haʻalele ana i Moscow a e ola hou ana me kona kino momona i ʻole e haki i nā haʻalulu kahiko, ʻo Pierre, me ka ʻoliʻoli nui e like me nā keikikāne i pakele mai ke kula, kamaʻilio me ka cabman.
Ua haʻi aku ka mea kipa iā ia i kēia lā ka lawe pono ʻana i nā mea kaua ma ka Kremlin, a aia kā ka lā ʻapōpō e huki ʻia ka poʻe no ka Three-Mountain Outpost, a aia no he kaua nui.
Ma ka hōʻea ʻana i nā Ponds Patriarch, ua ʻike ʻo Pierre i ka hale o Bazdeev, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻike mau ai. Hele ʻo ia i ka puka. ʻO Gerasim, ka ʻelemakule manuahi like like ʻole i ʻike iā Pierre i ʻelima mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma Torzhok me Joseph Alekseevich, i kā kona ʻakaʻaka.
- I ka home? Noi aku iā Pierre.
- No nā kūlana o kēia manawa, ʻo Sofya Danilovna me nā keiki i waiho no ke kauhale ʻo Torzhok, ʻO kāu ʻOiaʻiʻo.
E pili i p a me a o a n e p e r a znak a to a lg i. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi lōlū me kahi huelo lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 130 i 170 mm, ʻehā - mai 90 a 130 mm (mau manawa nui ka hapa ma mua o ka hapalua o ke kino), ke kaupaʻa ʻana he 125 g. Ua liʻiliʻi ʻia nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae o mua ma mua o ke alo. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana ma ka lauoho. ʻAkahi liʻiliʻi nā pāʻu, liʻiliʻi pubescent, me kahi ʻole tassels. Aia nā pahu pipi. Kuhi me ka mea "i hoʻopā" liʻiliʻi. ʻŌkole ka hulu, me kahi koikoi palupalu: ʻokoʻa kahi hoʻoilo mai ke kauwela. ʻO ka kala o ka papa o ka hina hina-brown, ma ke kua he 5 mau poli pōʻeleʻele, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale i waena (waena) a i ʻole ma kahi palena (lateral) e nā wahi i kahi kala māmā ma mua o ke kani nui. ʻAno ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa a me ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, akā, ʻo ke ʻano ʻeleʻele i ka hulu hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole i like ʻole.
Pahuukaha me kahi ākea elongated lōʻihi lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi nā kāʻei palu mai luna mai, me ka hoʻomohala a hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka parietal a me kahi lambdoid haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka pūnaewele occipital e pili pono ana i nā neʻe a me ka ʻāina mua o ka ʻihi. He pala a he ololino nā kaʻina hana infraorbital. He poepoe ia nā foramen infraorbital, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kona laina ākea ke kiʻekiʻe o ka piʻi, ʻo ka pākuʻi no ka tendon o ka uaua masticatory ma lalo o kona ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole like me nā koina ʻē aʻe o kā mākou manu, ua hala nā kanawai infraorbital.
N o tin g. ʻO nā track Chipmunk he like like me nā kuʻi squirrel, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o lākou. Ke neʻe ʻole nei ka holoholona, aʻo nā wāwae hind nui i ʻō pinepine ʻia, e like me ka squirrel, i mua o nā wāwae ʻākau liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka nui o ka paʻi i mua o ka wāwae mua he 1.8 x 1.9, ke kua he 3.5 x 2.5 cm. Ke lele nei, ke pālahalaha aku nei nā chipmunk i kona mau manamana lima ma nā mua a i nā wāwae ʻehā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka mau pihi he 29 a 51 cm, ka laulā o ke kuʻina e pili ana i ka 6,5 cm. Ma ka hau kahi hohonu, lele ka chipmunk me kahi pālua ʻelua, no ka mea, ʻo nā ʻāpana o nā wāwae hind i uhi i nā wāwae mua. A i ka wā ʻaʻole i pīhoihoi nā kope ma ka hau hau, ʻo nā ala e lilo ai e like me kahi mākaʻina ʻelua o kahi mea kūʻai liʻiliʻi (kahi ermine a me ka paʻakai paʻakai, ʻaʻole i hālāwai me ka Evenkia).
Ma ka nui o nā ʻāpana o ka wāwae wāwae, e ʻike ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o ka chipmunk e nā ʻōpala i waiho ʻia ma nā pūnāwai a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. He mau ʻōpala loloa kēia, e like like me nā hua o ka barberry, e waiho ana i nā puʻu liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kekahi mau mea ʻai i nā meaʻai - nā cone liʻiliʻi o nā conifers i ʻikepili ʻia e kahi chipmunk (like me nā cones e puʻu ʻia ana e nā kihaka), nā huaā hazel a me nā kedera.
Kālā. Maikaʻi maikaʻi nā palena o ka lehele i Rusia ma ka palena o nā ululāʻau larch ma Siberia a me kahi o nā ahiahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻEulopa. Ma ke komohana - a i ka hema hema o ka Northern Dvina lāua ʻo Kostroma Volga, ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kama. Ma ka hikina - i Srednekolymsk a me metro Olyutorsky, e pili ana. ʻO Sakhalin, nā mokupuni o ke kaʻe o Kuril, ua hoʻopuka hou ʻia ʻo Kamchatka. E pili ana ka palena hema ma waena o Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Lake. ʻO Chany, Novosibirsk a ma waho aku hoʻi, e hoʻopuni ana iā Altai mai ke komohana, hele i kēlā me kēia o nā palena o ko mākou ʻāina.
Ma waho o Rūsia, loaʻa i ka māhele māhele like me ka ʻĀkau a me Northeast China, Korea, Iapana (Hokkaido).
ʻO nā subspecies i ʻike ʻia i loko o kēia moku'āina, hiki paha iā Evenkia ke noho neiTamiaskaikunanestriatus a me /Tamiassibiricus jacutensis.
Biotop. Ma ka pāpū, ʻoi loa ka nui o nā nahele coniferous palahalaha a me kā lākou kumalā, a me nā wili i hui pū ʻia, ʻoi aku hoʻi me nā lau nui mai loko mai o nā hua pua a me nā nui o nā ʻā he nui. I ke kuahiwi, aia ma nā kumulāʻau larch-cedar a me nā ulu lāʻau like me ka nui o ka puna, he mea nui i luna o ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu lāʻau, a ma ka hikina hoʻi i noho i ke kākala lāʻau kedera ma nā mea hoʻokau pōhaku, pinepine me ka alpine pika. Ma ka palena ʻākau o nā mea kanu lāʻau, hele ia i nā wahi i ka nāhelehele kekā, a ma ka palena hema, e noho ana ia i ka nahele ulu puʻu. Hōʻalo i nā lau ʻāina, ʻo ia nō hoʻi nā wahi maemae maʻemaʻe o ke ʻano ʻo "park" a me nā pegi deciduous, ʻoi loa me nā uhi pāheʻe palū.
A n k i a n i a d a at si l a y o h me t o t e. ʻO kahi holoholona ulu paʻa ʻo Chipmunk. E like me nā protein, alakaʻi ia i ke ola kūʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia holoholona kahi holoholona pilikino mai 1 a 3 mau hekahi. Hoʻokahi wale ke kāne kāne a me nā wahine i kahi manawa pōkole pōkole.
KAHIKOLAHA. Me ka hoʻololi i nā kūlana hānai, hele nā holoholona mai kahi papa a i kekahi. Hoʻomaha lākou mai ka nahele ma nā mahina i ka wā e ulu ai nā mea kanu. Ma kēia hihia, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha i ka hōʻiliʻili o ka hua palaoa, kanikau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka neʻe ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nāwaliwali o ka hānai nui, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, ua ʻike ʻia nā hua kedera.
Laki maikaʻi. Noho nā loko i loko o nā lua, i kekahi manawa i ke kauwela ka hana i kahi pūnana i nā ʻōpala i nāhelehele, i nā palahalaha haahaa a me nā hollows o nā lāʻau i hāʻule. I nā puka i waena o nā pōhaku, ʻaʻole aneane nā poka, akā hana ka nests. I nā hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo he ʻelua lumi lumi spherical. Ma ka keʻena o luna, aia i kahi hohonu o 48-90 cm, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi pūnana i kahi e hānau ai nā holoholona, a e hōʻike ka wahine i nā hua. I loko o ke keʻena haʻahaʻa (ma kahi hohonu o 68-130 cm) kahi kuahiwi. ʻO nā ʻanā o ke kauwela nona nā keʻena hoʻokahi e noho ana ma ka hohonu o 54-68 cm a pili i ka maka ma kahi papa kuhi. Ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka chipmunks 'i kā Amur-Zeya interfluve he 3 m42 cm.
A e a i n en me t o. Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona o kēlā me kēia lā. I ka wā mua, ua haʻalele ka chipmunk i ka nuku no kahi manawa pōkole, a laila aia wale nō i nā lā lā. I ke kauwela ua ala ia i kakahiaka a hiki i ka ahiahi ahiahi, i kekahi manawa ke hūnā i nā hola wela. I nā lā ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ka puka ʻana mai ka lua. Kahi liʻiliʻi ka neʻe o ka chipmunks, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 100-200 m. ʻO nā holoholona ponoʻī wale nō e hele i kahi mamao lōʻihi, neʻe ʻia ka neʻe ʻana i ka manawa rutting a hiki i 1.5 km, ke kūpaʻa nei i ka wā e mālama ai i ka meaʻai - 1.0-2.5 km. Pahu piʻi i nā kumulāʻau a lele ʻole mai ka lāʻau a i ka 6 m lōʻihi loa, me ke kani ikaika e lele ana i ka lepo mai ke kiʻekiʻe 10 mika. Hoʻololi ka nui o ka manawa ma ka honua. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe o Rūsia, ke hōʻike ʻia nei ka chipmunk e kahi ʻīlio kani leo paʻakikī. ʻO kāna leo, he pīpī monosyllabic a he trill koi, nā mea i ʻike ʻia i ka maka o ka pōʻino, a ʻo nā hōʻailona ʻelua ʻelua mau ʻano, e kani ana e like me ka "brown-borax" a i "hook-hook" loa, ʻo ia ka mea o ka uwē ʻana o ka wahine i ka wā ʻohi.
Lolo i loko o ka ʻāpana no ka hoʻoilo. I Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa, oki nā holoholona e waiho i ka lua, akā naʻe, ma nā wahi hema, no ka laʻana, ma ka Teritori Primorsky, ua ikaika lākou a hiki i Dekemaba. I ka wā āpau, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka pua a hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻohana i kā lākou mālama. I ka hoʻoilo, he ʻai ʻole lākou i ka ʻai a pau - ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou i ka puna ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hānau ʻana. Aia nā ʻike i nā hanana nui o nā holoholona ʻelua i hoʻokahi lua - he wahine a he kāne. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wā hānau i ka 7 mahina. Ala lākou i ka wā ma mua o ke kauwela, ma ka manawa o ʻApelila, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻalā mua nui. Ma hope o nā lā he 2-4 lā ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka wā hānau o nā wahine, hoʻomaka ka lāhui. Ma ke anu anuanu a mālie ke kau nei ka rut.
Mea ʻai. Hoʻomaʻo ia i nā hua o nā conifers, nā hua waina, nā hua kanu o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu, nāhehe. ʻAle nui ʻo ia me ka hua o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia, e hoʻēmi ʻole - nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu. Ma kahi liʻiliʻi he nui ia e ʻai ai i nā iniseti, nā mollusks, nā ʻōpala, nā hua manu, a me nā ʻāpana uliuli o nā mea kanu. Loaʻa i kā Chipmunk kahi ʻano kanu kiʻekiʻe no ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai. I ke kauwela a me ka kauwela, hana ka holoholona i ke kaupaona a he 8 kg o nā hua i koho ʻia, hoʻokomo ʻo ia iā lākou i loko o kahi lua, a i kekahi manawa nū nāʻu ma ka lepo ma ke akea o kona home. Hoʻokomo nā Chipmunk i ka meaʻai i nā ʻeke pipi, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ia ma kahi o kahi kilomita, hiki ke 10 g a hala hoʻokahi hele. ʻO nā kumukūʻai Chipmunk - kahi mālama no ka bear.
PAUKU Hōʻalo ka hua kanu i ka lā o ʻApelila - Mei a hoʻomaka koke ma hope o ka hoʻomā ʻana ʻana mai ka hānau ʻana. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā mele "gurgling" ʻano nui i kapa ʻia e nā kāne. Holo pinepine kekahi mau kāne ma hope o kahi wahine, holo pinepine nei no 200-300 m i kahi o ka leo mele, alualu like kekahi, a me ka hue i loko o kahi pākī pōkole. Noho ka wahine i kahi o 30 mau lā. Ma ke kānāwai, lawe ia i hoʻokahi litter, akā ma kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka lahilahi o kēlā me kēia kekona i kekona. I loko o ka brood mau keiki he 4-10 cubs, hānau lākou i makapō a me ke kapa ʻole, e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 4 g. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ma hope aku ua hoʻomaka lākou e waiho i ka lua, a i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mau alakaʻi lākou i ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa. Loaʻa lākou i ka wā kamaliʻi i ka makahiki aʻe.
ʻO ka pākēneka o nā wahine i komo i ka hoʻoulu ʻana e hilinaʻi i luna o ka hānai. I ka makahiki ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau kedera maikaʻi, ma ka mauna Sayan Mountains e hoʻoulu ana i ka 91-92% o nā wahine, ma hope o nā hua maikaʻi ʻole - 41%. ʻO ka fluctuations i ka nui o ka hānau ʻana e pili i ka helu makahiki o ka heluna o nā chipmunks. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi ʻana, ua emi ka hapa o nā holoholona o ka makahiki i hala mai 65 a 38% a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā ʻelemakule. I nā makahiki maʻamau, e ka wā lūlū, ʻo ka hapalua o ka lehulehu ka holoholona ʻōpio. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hua, hiki i kā lākou kahe ke hōʻemi i ka 5.8%
L a me N o a o a. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka molt Chipmunk i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki - i ka pūnāwai - i ke kauwela.
C hl lennost. Holo ka helu i ka helu ʻana ma ka hōʻiliʻili o ka ʻai nui. Ma nā ulu lāʻau o ke Komohana Komohana, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā chipmunks i nā nāhele lāʻau popo pākahi: 20 per 1 sq. Km. km Ma Northeheast Altai, ua helu ʻia ka nui o nā chipmunks i nā lāʻau cedar-fir, i kēlā me kēia 1 sq. km, ua hala he 47 mau holoholona ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā ʻōpio mai nā lua a hiki i ka 225 ma hope o ko lākou helehelena ʻana. Ma nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe, ua liʻiliʻi ia, 2-27 makua a me 9-71 me nā ʻōpio. ʻO nā helu liʻiliʻi e nānā ʻia i nā pupu pala: 1-3 i Iune, 2-4 i ka hopena o Mei a me ka mua o ʻAukake. Ma nā haʻalulu o nā nahele taiga kūkulu kokoke i Tobolsk i ka taiga birch-aspen-fir i ka hoʻoilo i laila he 8 mau holoholona no 1 sq. km, ma nā ululāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka haʻalulu - 21 holoholona.
I r a me I.Konkurenty. ʻO nā ʻenemi Chipmunk nā mākaʻi o ka ʻohana marten, e noho ana ma nā papa like me ka chipmunk, a me ka ʻōlio, nā alopeke, nā ʻīlio raccoon a me nā hoki, nā manu o ka ʻaiā, nā ʻīlio, nā pōʻai a me nā ʻīlio. Hōʻai a hōʻaʻe, hoʻomākeo i nā ʻā nā chipmunk, mau pinepine ke ʻai i ka "mea nona" a me kāna ʻoihana. ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū o Chipmunk e pili ana i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea a pau, ka mea paʻa (ka ʻōpala, ka huaʻala, nā hua) nā ʻano ʻai o ka squirrel, sable, jay, pine pine, ka nui lāʻau kīwili, brown a me nā Himalayan me nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi.
ʻĀina ʻO nā hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o ka chipmunk, ʻoi aku nā nati pine, ua lawe ʻia e nā kiʻi like-mouse a ʻimi kūikawā a ʻimi ʻia e ka bea. ʻO ka holoholona ponoʻī kahi mea nui no ka mea nāna e ʻaihulu manu lā. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka chipmunk kahi mea mālama ponoʻī o ka tularemia a me kekahi o nā ʻano o ke ala o ka maʻi typhoid fever.
Loaʻa i nā Chipmunks kahi ola ola pilikino o 3-4 mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopio ʻia, noho ʻo chipmunks i mau makahiki he 8.5 mau makahiki.