Kinohi - He predator nui mai ka ʻohana cat, kahi subspecies o ke cougar e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema. E wikiwiki wikiwiki loa nā kime, ʻaʻole pono hoʻi lākou i ka ikaika a me ka wiwo ʻole: ʻimi lākou i ka mea pio me ke kaupaona ʻana he mau manawa ʻē aʻe ma mua o kā lākou mea pono ʻole. ʻAʻohe maʻamau lākou i pōʻino no ka poʻe, i kekahi manawa ua lahilele lākou a mālama ʻia e like me nā holoholona.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Ma ka Paleocene, ʻo nā mākeke-like me nā mea make, nā myacids i kū mai, ʻo ia ka hele ʻana o kahi mea make a me nā ʻīlio hihiu like ʻole. Ua alakaʻi ka lālā ʻōhala o ka waiwai proto-kumu i ka lua - noho kēia mau holoholona i ko mākou honua ma Oligocene, a ma Miocene, ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e psvedoprotea-waiwai.
Mai loko mai o lākou ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā kaheleʻikepili nui ʻekolu: nā ʻeneka sabot-toothed (ua piha), nā ʻū nui a me nā ʻuʻuku ʻē aʻe - na nā ʻili pū kekahi. He mea pono ia e ʻike ʻole ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi - no laila, nui loa ka nui o nā Cougars. ʻO ke kī i ka wehe ʻana, ʻo ka hiki ke ulu, ʻo nā ʻano i loaʻa i loko o nā pōpoki nui.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO ke ʻano e like me ka mea kime
ʻO ka lōʻihi, e maʻamau ka Cougar mai 110 a 165 cm, a i ke kiʻekiʻe 55-75 cm - kaupaona nō hoʻi lākou he nui - 55-110 kg. ʻO ka paona o ka ʻona, nā liona a me nā jaguar, akā nō naʻe, he mau pōpilikia puʻupuʻu weliweli loa lākou. ʻOkoʻa loa nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka nui - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne a kaupaona ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapaha.
He kapa nani a kūlepe ka Cougar, liʻiliʻi iki ke poʻo, e like me ka pepeiao, lōʻihi ka holoholona. Nui nā wāwae, pāpale ʻia me nā puʻupuʻu koi, hiki iā ia ke huki. Me ke kōkua o lākou, piʻi ʻo ia i nā lāʻau, hopu a hoʻopaʻa i nā pio, a hiki iā lākou ke lawelawe like me nā mea kaua e kūʻē i nā mea hoʻopiʻi a i ʻole mau iwi ʻē aʻe. Kāhā nui loa ʻo ia, piʻi koke i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā pōhaku, piʻi wikiwiki ʻo ia mai o lākou aku, hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki i ka wā o ka hopu, ʻuʻuku maikaʻi loa - ʻaʻole mālama pono iā ia i nā kuʻuna. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wāwae hind ma mua o nā forepaws, e hāʻule ana ka ikaika ikaika ma luna o lākou. He paʻu kona lōʻihi a ikaika hoʻi.
ʻO nā niho 30 o Cougar he mau lōʻihi lōʻihi, i hoʻohana ai i ka waiwai, a no ka mea e hou i nā ʻili a me nā ʻāʻī, hana i nā ʻehaʻeha hohonu. Aia nā wahi ulu liʻiliʻi, me ia ʻo ia a "ʻopiki" i ka mea pio, e kahe ana i nā hulu a me ka hulu. Ikaika loa nā niho, hiki i ka holoholona ke maʻalahi a haehae i ka aʻalolo a me ka ʻoki ʻana hoʻi i nā iwi. Na ka niho i hiki ai ia oe ke ike i ke ano o ka umno o ka Cougar: ma o ka piha o 4 mau makahiki ka lakou i holoholo, mai ka makahiki 7-8 mau mahina e hoʻomaka lākou e loli kūleʻa i nā mea maoli, ʻaʻole i hala ma mua o 2 mau makahiki o kēia hana. A laila emi iki lākou i nā ʻōpio ma muli o ka wili a hoʻohemo mālie, i hiki i kēia mau ʻāpana ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio mai waena aku, a me nā poʻe kahiko.
He huluhulu maloʻo ka Cougar, ʻaʻole naʻe i ʻokoʻa i ka lōʻihi a me ke silika, no laila ke kāʻei nei iā lākou ʻaʻole leʻaleʻa e like me kekahi mau puaa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka kala, kūpaʻa-hina - like ka liona, akā paler. Kāna like lākou like me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka hulu a i ʻole paha o nā ʻili o kēlā mau holoholona kahi a lākou e ʻimi ai - no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pīpī, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ia mau mea e hoʻāliʻi me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ma ka ʻili pinepine ma ka ʻili a ma nā ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO nā pōkole ʻōpio he mau aʻa a maikaʻi ke nānā ʻia, ʻike ʻia me nā maka uliuli - i ka wā e ulu ai lākou ua lilo lākou i ʻāpana a ʻulaʻula paha, a me kēia, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā wahi ākea i ka lole.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka Cougar?
Kiʻi ʻAi: Cat Cougar Cat
He poʻaloa loa ka Puma, e pili pū ana i ʻAmelika Hema a me kahi hapa nui o ke ʻĀkaukau, e komo pū ana me Mexico, ʻo ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika me ka ʻole o kekahi mau moku hikina, a me nā palena hema o Canada. Ma mua, ua kūpono nā Cougars i kēia manawa, i kēia manawa ua loli ke kūlana.
Noho ʻo nā ʻekele subspecies i ʻAmelika Hikina wale nō. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o USA ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o kēia mau holoholona, he kakaikahi wale nō kaiāulu, ma ka ʻaoʻao waena a ma Kanada ua emi loa ko lākou heluna: i ka nui o ko lākou noho ʻana i nā kuahiwi ākea ākea. ʻO ka ʻāpana komohana ka hapa nui o nā kai ʻo Pinas ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻo ka mea nui loa nā kaona ʻo Rocky.
Ma ʻAmelika Hema, like ke kūlana: i nā ʻāpana o nā wahi i noho ʻole ai kēia mau pōpoki, ʻaʻole lākou noho hou, i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe kahi liʻiliʻi. I ka laulā maʻamau, akā, hiki nō ia i nā ʻāina āpau o kēia mokupuni mai Kolombia i ke kūkulu ʻĀina a ʻAmelika a me Chile ma ka hema. Noho nā Cougars i loko o nā ʻano ʻāina he nui: ma nā pāpū, ma nā kuahiwi, nā ululāʻau a me nā pulu. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono i ka ʻai i ka wahi a lākou e noho ai, a e loli hoʻi ka kala o ko lākou kāhiko. Hiki i nā mauna ke piʻi lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, a ua loaʻa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4,000 m.
ʻO kēia mau ʻāina hū paʻa i kēia mau holoholona ʻaʻole i kaʻo i ka haki, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe: e pale maʻalahi i nā pale, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi iā lākou e holo. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopili kokoke i ka kokoke - kokoke kēia wale nō ke koho ʻana e koho ai ka Cougar i ka wahi no ke ola. ʻO ka lua - pono ia e noho mālie, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai nā wahi hoʻokūkū i hui ʻole ʻia. Pono nō hoʻi e loaʻa i kahi wai kai wai i loko o ke ala o ke komo koke ʻana: hiki iā ʻoe ke inu i loko ona, a loaʻa mau ka hoʻonohonoho ʻē aʻe ma kahi kokoke.
ʻĀnō ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi i loaʻa ai ka Cougar. E nānā i kā kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ka Cougar?
ʻO ke kiʻi: Cougar ma ke ʻano
Ma kāna papaʻaina, aia ka holoholona nui i loaʻa i ka ungulates. I kēia:
He wahi pio kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaupaona ma mua o ka Cougar ponoʻī iā ia, a no laila he lōʻihi ia, a ʻo kahi huluhulu pōmaikaʻi e hiki ʻole ai ʻoe e hopohopo i ka meaʻai. Eia naʻe, pepehi pinepine nā Cougars i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ma mua o lākou e ʻai ai i ka ʻai, a hiki pū me nā lāʻau a lākou e hoʻomau ai no ka ʻimi. Akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, inā hāʻule ka mea nui.
Hiki nō i ka Cougar ke hopu i:
No lākou ke dexterous e hopu i kahi manu ʻalalena, a ʻai mau hoʻi. Hiki i nā iʻa a aloha i nā ʻāpana. Hiki i kahi mea noho pōloli ke pepehi a ʻai i ka ʻohana a lynx paha, a he pōʻino nō hoʻi no nā alligator ʻōpio. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo - ka ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli mai lākou mai kahi aneane i kekahi holoholona i hiki iā lākou.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻūʻī keʻike maluhia - he hoa koa wiwo ʻole ka Cougar i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i ka pāʻani nui, a no laila ua hiki iā lākou ke kaua aku iā lākou. ʻO kēia mau a nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, akā ikaika loa kekahi grizzly no kahi Cougar. Nā mea make hoʻi e pepehi ʻia: pili kēia i nā holoholona, a i nā holoholona - ʻīlio. pōpilikia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Akā ʻaʻole like loa kēia mau hōʻoki ʻana, ʻoiai ke makemake nei nā poʻe Cougars e noho ma nā wahi ulu kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai nā holoholona. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi ʻaʻole i ka ʻāina, akā, ma nā lāʻau.
Hoʻāʻo ʻo Cougar e kiʻi i ka mea i ʻike ʻia e like me ka mea hiki, a hope a laila i lele ai ʻo ia a hoʻāʻo e uha i ka ʻāʻī o ka mea ʻai i ka uku o kona paona. Inā ʻaʻole kēia e hana, a laila hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hopu iā ia i ka ʻāʻī a kuʻi iā ia. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea ʻai keʻai i ka manawa, a hūnā i ke koena o ka Cougar ma ke kanu ʻana iā lākou ma lalo o ka lau a i ka hau paha. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia i kahi kalapu paʻa ʻole i nā manawa he nui. I kekahi manawa e pepehi i ka waiwai hou, piha, a aneane ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻai, a waiho wale no ia i ka nalo ʻole ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e nā Indians: ua ʻimi lākou i nā wahi i hū ai ke kupapaʻu, a lawe ʻia. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, inā loaʻa iā lākou iho i ka hopu ʻia e ka poʻe ʻē aʻe, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopā.
ʻIke maoli nō: Maʻa ikaika loa ka Cougar a hiki iā ia ke kau aku i kahi kalaka no nā manawa 7 ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona paona ponoʻī.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kiʻi: ʻAi Cougar
Noho hoʻokahi wale nō nā kāne, e hoʻohuli ana i nā huina wale nō i ka wā moe. ʻAʻohe hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou hiʻohiʻona a i ʻole kekahi mau mea e ola e hānai: huli nā kānaka a pau iā ia iho, ʻaʻole ia e kaʻana i ka pio, ʻaʻole i hoʻopā i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia nō i ka mea kipa ke kalana nona ma ke ʻano he mea e piʻi ai lākou, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi o nā ʻumi haneli mau kilomika mau wahi, ma nā manawa he haneli. He "ʻāina" nui ka nui o nā aliʻi, a noho nā wahine i mua o lākou. Inā loaʻa nā kuleana o nā kāne ʻelua, a laila hiki ke kūʻē i waena o lāua a hiki i kahi e holo ai kahi e koho ai i kahi kahua ʻē aʻe - aia kekahi manawa a pau lākou me ka make ʻana o kekahi o nā luna. ʻAʻole kūlike nā wahine i kekahi i kekahi.
I ka manawa like, nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, ʻo ka mea i hoʻomaka mua i ke ola hoʻokaʻawale mai ko lākou makuahine, hiki iā ia ke ʻimi pū no kekahi manawa, akā huli lākou ma luna o ka manawa a ʻimi a ʻimi iā lākou i ka ʻāina i hemahema ʻia e ka ʻāina o nā pōpoki. I loko o kā lākou mau pūnaewele, neʻe nā Cougars ma muli o ka manawa: ma kahi hapa hoʻokahi lākou e kau ai i ka hoʻoilo, i ke kauwela. Hōʻalo nā palena o ka ʻāina i kahi e neʻe ʻole ai nā ʻohana e ʻike i ka urine a me nā kāʻei. Kino mālie nā Cougars, a hiki ke lohe ʻia nā leo nui mai loko mai o ka wā e moe ai.
Loaʻa ka manawa o ka hana i ka pō, i ka lā a lākou e moe ai. Ma kahiʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o lākou e pena i ka mea nāna. Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa ke ʻimi nei lākou i kaʻaina ahiahi - ʻo ka manawa maʻamau ka pōloli lākou. Inā hiki i nā ʻōleʻa nui ke hoʻouka i kahi kanaka, ʻaʻole pili ka Cougar i kēia, maʻamau ʻo ia e hele aku. Hiki i kahi hōʻ kaua wale nō ke hele inā ʻike ka Cougar e kokoke ana e hoʻouka iā ia a hoʻoholo iā ia ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pakele. He mau holoholona hoʻomanawanui kēia: ke hopu ʻia i kahi pahele, ʻaʻole lākou e hopohopo, akā hoʻāʻo mālie e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou iho.
Inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole kēia, hoʻōki wale lākou i ka neʻe ʻana a hiki i kekahi mau lā a hiki i kekahi e nānā mai i ke ʻano: a eia paha hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻolana i nā ʻano kaua mai lākou, akā ʻaʻole koke, akā aia wale nō ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nei, o kēia e hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālike i ka hiamoe.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻO ke kiʻi: Cougar ma ke ʻano
Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻoulu o nā pipi e hoʻomaka ai i ka hoʻoilo a hoʻomau a hiki i ke kō. I kēia manawa, lilo lākou i ka hoʻomaha, pinepine nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne. Hāpai nā kāne ʻoi aku me ka wahine a pau nā wahine e noho ana ma nā wahi e pili ana - a hiki paha i ka 3-8 o lākou. Lawe ke wahine i nā ʻehā no ʻekolu mau malama, ma hope o lākou i puka ai mai hoʻokahi a ʻeono paha. I ka lōʻihi, mai lākou he kime nui - 30 cm, a kau paona 300-400 gr. ʻO ka lole ka mea ʻeleʻele, hele i nā wahi ʻeleʻele ia - e hoʻomala ʻia ana ia e ka makahiki. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā Kittens i ko lākou mau maka ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hebedoma ʻelua o ke ola, a laila kua ʻoki ʻia ko lākou mau niho.
I kēia manawa, ʻoliʻoli maikaʻi lākou a ʻai mau i ka waiū makuahine, hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻiʻo i kēia no hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa, akā hoʻomau lākou no ka hū waiū. Noho lākou me ko lākou makuahine a hiki i 1.5-2 mau makahiki, a laila e hele i ka ʻimi i ko lākou ʻāina iho, akā hiki ke noho mau ma ka pūʻulu a hiki i nā malama ʻeono. Ke lilo a maikaʻi i nā kāne he 2.5 mau makahiki ma ka wahine a me 3 i nā kāne, a ola lākou ma ka awelika 10-14 makahiki. Ua lilo ia i mea paʻakikī no nā hui kuʻuna kahiko, no laila e make lākou no ka palaka maikaʻi ʻole a i nā hōʻeha i hōʻeha ʻia e lākou. Hiki i ke Captive ke ola a hiki i 20 makahiki.
ʻIke maoli nō: Ma ka noho pio ʻana ke kiʻi ʻia kahi pōpō o ka cougar a me leoparda, kapa ia ʻo Napapard. ʻO kēia holoholona i ke ʻano kino ke like me ka puma, akā liʻiliʻi ka nui a loaʻa nā ʻoka i ka ʻili e like me ka leopadi.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO ke ʻano e like me ka mea kime
Holo ʻole nā Cougars i nā ʻenemi no lākou.
I kekahi manawa hakakā me nā mea hoʻopuka like:
ʻO ka pinepine loa, ʻo ka poʻe Cougars i hoʻoulu mua ʻia, akā inā i hoʻouka ʻia lākou iā lākou, hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i kekahi o nā holoholona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Loaʻa paha ka jaguar i ka hopu iā lākou, akā ʻoiai he pōpilikia ʻo ia inā ʻaʻole no nā poʻe ʻōpio a i nā kahiko kahiko paha. Eia nō hoʻi me nā ʻīlio hihiu - ʻoiai he pūʻulu ʻolio ʻaʻole e hoʻouka i kahi kīnā makua maikaʻi loa, no ka mea, ʻike lākou ua nui loa ka uku.
No laila, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā ʻenemi maoli kūlohelohe, a ua hiki ke makaʻu piha loa, inā ʻaʻole no ka poʻe. Ma muli o ka make ʻana o kēia mau pōpoki i nā holoholona a me nā holoholona, ua puhi pinepine ʻia lākou i mua, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohālua i make i ʻole ma muli o nā kumu maoli ua pepehi ʻia e nā kānaka.
Akā, inā he like ia ke kūlana me nā subspecies ʻē aʻe, ua loli me nā Cougars. Mahalo i nā mea hoʻolimalima kānāwai i ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua make lākou i kēia manawa, a ua ʻae lākou e mālama i ko lākou heluna kanaka, no ka mea, ua aneane ʻaʻohe mea e luku i kēia poʻe laha.
ʻIke maoli nō: Hiki ke hoʻokahuli ʻia nā kīlaha liʻiliʻi, a hele maikaʻi lākou mai nā mea wale nō, akā ʻo nā holoholona hoʻi e luku ai nā holoholona hihiu. Akā, ʻaʻole pili kēia i nā manu; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona hihiu e hānai iā lākou.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻO nā Cougars kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻO ka laulā a me ka helu o kekahi o kā lākou subspecies e hoʻonaninani ana, akā e kū like ʻole ka mea kū'ē me ka Cougar: inā ma ka hapa mua o ka kenekulia 20, he liʻiliʻi wale nō o lākou, a laila mai ia manawa, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā hana i pale ʻia, ua hoʻonui nui lākou - i kēia manawa aia ma kahi o 30,000 ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
ʻAʻole like paha kēia kiʻi i ka ʻāina nui, akā no nā laina ākea nui, pono e pepehi i nā holoholona no ka ʻai, he nui loa. ʻAʻole hoihoi hou i ka pae mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka pumas, a ola lākou i ka hapa komohana o ʻAmelika, akā e ulu iki aku i ka hikina.
ʻO nā mea hoʻokani huluhulu, pili i ka ʻanihua i ka mokuʻāina, ʻo ia paha ka palena a i ʻole pāpā ʻia ʻole. Hāʻawi kēia i ka hopena nui e hoʻihoʻi i kā lākou helu: inā ma ʻAmelika Hema e hoʻomau i ka poʻe e hoʻohiki i nā ʻelele o nā subspecies ʻē aʻe, ma ke Komohana i pau kahi mea e pau ai.
ʻIke maoli nō: Hoʻokahi pinepine ka Cougar i ka mea i make i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe: ma mua o 60% o nā hihia (no ka laʻana, i nā liona, ma kahi o ka hapaha o nā hoʻāʻo e kūleʻa i luna). Akā inā ʻaʻole mau loa ka hoʻouka ʻana, a lele ka mea pepehi, e alualu ka mea pio, no ka mea, hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi wikiwiki, ʻaʻole hiki ke holo i kahi mamao loa.
Kinohi i ʻoi aku ka ikaika e like me kona helehelena ona, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka nui o ka ʻīlio nui, akā hiki iā ia ke pepehi i ka manu a me ka elk. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā holoholona, ka mea e pale ai i ka poʻe mahiʻai - no kēia mea, ua aneane loa lākou i ka waena o ka kenekulia 20. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua ola nā hana mālama, no laila ua hoʻihoʻi ka lehulehu.
Cougar: Wehewehe
Inā ʻoe e unuhi i ka inoa o kēia holoholona (Puma concolor) mai i ka Latin, ʻo ia ke ʻano o "Puma kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻokahi", kahi kūpono e pili ana i ka helehelena, ʻaʻohe ona mana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kēia wale ma ka manaʻo he monotonous ka lole o ka Cougar. ʻŌpū ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka holoholona i nā mea ʻoi aku ka māmā, ʻoiai ma ka muzzle hiki nō ʻoe ke ʻike i nā wahi māmā e hāliʻi ana i ka waha a me ka pae ʻaina.
Nā kumuhana hui
A hiki i ka makahiki 2 mau makahiki, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i kahi 30 mau subspecies o kēia predator, kahi ʻano e pili ana i nā ʻano morphological. I ko mākou manawa, ua ʻike ʻia nā Cougars no 6 mau subspecies, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano holoholona o ka holoholona, a me ka noho ʻana.
No laila, ua hoʻākāka ʻia nā mea kaukaʻi, e pili ana i kā lākou pili i kekahi mau ʻano, me kā lākou noho.
A pili me kēia mau mea, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau poʻe ʻike.
- ʻO Puma concolor costaricensis, loaʻa i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
- Puma concolor couguar, noho i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
- Puma ʻo concror cabrerae. Noho ka ʻeka ʻia o kēia kikowaena waena o ʻAmelika Hema.
- Puma nā concricor capricornensis. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano mea pīpī ma nā ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻAmelika Hema.
- Loaʻa ka puma concolor puma ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hema.
- ʻO ka palaka puʻuwai ʻo Puma. Noho nā holoholona o kēia subspecies i loko o nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema.
Hoihoi mai e ike! Ma nā wahi wao nahele a me nā wahi kai o South Florida, loaʻa nā wahi i loaʻa ʻole “ʻo Puma concolor coryi”, i kapa ʻia ʻo Florida puma.
Aia ka nui o nā lehulehu i loaʻa i ka waihona "Big Cypress National Preserve" i United States. I ka makahiki 2011, aia ma kahi o 160 mau kānaka, ma hope o ka helu ʻana o nā holoholona ma ka International Red Book (IUCN), e wehewehe ana i ke kūlana ma ke ʻano he subspecies i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi. Minamina, nalo kēia subspecies ma muli o ke ola o kahi kanaka nāna i hoʻohālikelike i ka pulu kula, a ʻimi pū kekahi i kahi mea kuhi ma muli o ka makemake haʻuki.Eia kekahi, pili i ka inbreaning pili i kēia ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, aia i loko o ka meaka e pili pono i nā holoholona i loiloi me ka manaolana e hoʻonui i ka huina o ka poʻe predator.
Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano
'Oi aku ka makemake o nā kāne i ke ola kūʻokoʻa i ka wā moe, e hoʻomau wale nō i hoʻokahi pule,' aʻole hui pū nā wahine a me kāna mau keiki a lilo ke kūʻokoʻa kūloko. Hana maikaʻi loa nā kāne pākahi i kekahi, akā ua hoʻokō nā kāne ʻōpio. ʻO ka huina o ka helu o kēia mau mea e kau nei ma muli o ka nui o ka pāʻani, no laila, ma hoʻokahi haneli mau kilomika mau ke hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kekahi nona o kēlā ʻāina, a ma nā pūnaewele i ka hapalua o ka nui o ia wahi, a ʻoi aku i kahi ʻumi he poʻe.
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo, aia ma lalo o ka mākeke o ke kāne, hiki ke 350 a ʻehā mau kilomita square a 10 paha mau manawa liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i ka loaʻa o ka lako meaʻai. ʻAʻole e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole loa ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia wahi i ka ʻāina a kahi e ʻimi ai nā poʻe kamaʻilio. Ke mākaʻikaʻi lākou i ko lākou ʻāina me ke kōkua o ka urine a me nā feces, me ka waiho ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki i nā lāʻau. E neʻe mau nei nā Cougars i kā lākou mau pūnaewele, a me ka piʻi o ka neʻe ʻana i kēlā ʻano me ka manawa o ka makahiki. ʻAno nui kēia mau mea hoʻolaha i kēlā me kēia ʻano paʻakikī, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he mau poʻokela i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a lōʻihi paha.
Hiki iā Puma ke:
- Holo i 7 mau ʻeke a i ʻole i ka lōʻihi.
- Holoi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka aneane 5 mau mika.
- E lele mai kahi kiʻekiʻe a 18 mau mika.
Hoihoi mai e ike! Hiki i kēia poʻe poʻe loea ke hoʻolimalima i ka wikiwiki o 50 km / h, akā no ka manawa pōkole wale nō, ʻoiai nā holoholona i lanakila kū loa i nā pali o nā mauna, piʻi maʻalahi i nā lāʻau, a lele pū mai ana hoʻi i ka pali i ka pōhaku. Manaʻo maikaʻi nā Cougars i ka wai, akāʻaʻole nui ka manaʻo i ka element wai.
Holo ka mea nāna e lohi me ka pōkaʻi, a i ke ao e hū ai kēia mau holoholona a moe wale i kā lākou mau pā. No nā makahiki he nui, manaʻoʻiʻo ka poʻe e hana ʻana i nā leo o nā puʻuwai, akā i ka mea i huli ʻia, aia wale kekahi mau pōmaikaʻi i kū ʻia ma ke kumu o ka makaʻu. Haka nā leo nui i ka wā o ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a ʻo ke koena o ka manawa ke kani kani nei lākou i nā leo a pau o nā "pōpoki", me ka leo o ka "meow".
Nā hiʻohiʻona Cougar a me ka Habitat
ʻO ka laulā o ka Cougar ka nui loa o nā mamalia a pau e noho nei ma ʻAmelika. Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka lynx ulaula pōkole wale nō, hiki i ka pōpilikia puaʻa a me ka leopona ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi puma.
ʻO kēia holoholona he hōʻailona no ka Wild West a noho i ka ʻāina nui mai Kanada a hiki i ke kūkulu hema o ʻAmelika Hema. Kūpono, nā nahele, nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻāina wai i nā wahi āpau āu e hiki ai ke hālāwai me kēia mau mea hoʻonani nani. Wahi a ka mea maʻamau, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka ʻoniʻoni o ke kapa o nā Cougars a me kā lākou ʻai.
Kahua Leo (Cougar) kekahi o nā mākaʻi nui loa o ka ʻohana ʻohana, i nā ʻāpana o ka nui he mua i ka jaguar wale nō. ʻO ka lōʻihi kāne kāne o kēia ʻōpio hihiu ma kahi o 100-180 cm, eia naʻe, loaʻa kekahi mau holoholona i ʻelua a hoʻokahi hapalua mai ke kihi o ka ihu a hiki i ka ʻoi loa o ka huelo. I nā maloʻo, o kona kiʻekiʻe mai 60 a 75 cm, ua lōʻihi ka huelo o ka 70 cm. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he 40% liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku nā kāne wahine.
Ma kahi kokoke i ka ekuu ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe predator e noho ana, kokoke i nā pou. Ke kino ikaika hui pū ʻia aia kekahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi. Eia naʻe, e like me nā ʻelele o ka hapanui o nā holoholona, he ikaika nā holoholona i nā lōʻihi he 4 cm ka lōʻihi, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale aku i kahi ʻenemi weliweli a me ka mea pio.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wāwae hind o ka holoholona i ka mua. Loaʻa nā ciki nunui i nā wāwae ākea a ākea, hiki i ka holoholona ke huki hou ma ka makemake. Mahalo i kona dexterity, hiki i ka Cougar ke piʻi i luna i nā kumulāʻau, e neʻe ʻana i ka mauna a me nā pali rock a me nā ʻauʻau.
Hiki i ka mea nāna i lele ka lele a hiki i 120 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻeono mau mika, ma kahi lōʻihi ke lōʻihi o ka wikiwiki o ka holoholona a hiki i 50 km mau hola. Kōkua ka lāahi e mālama i ke kaulike ʻoiai e holo ana.
Hoʻohana ikaika nā Cougars i ka pō a i ke kakahiaka nui. ʻO nā liona wale nō a me nā hui puʻoniʻu ke waiho like ʻole. He ʻuliʻulaʻula nā kūlohelohe o nā ʻaoʻao ma ke kūkulu ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula ʻia nā mea noho ma nā ʻāpana ʻāpana.
Ke ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū o ke kino o nā holoholona, ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao o luna, ʻōpū a me ka eʻe ka palahalaha, akā ʻeleʻele ka hiʻu. I ka maka he mau hōʻailona ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka pokole Predator ka pōkole, akā paʻakikī a mānoanoa.
Ka ʻano Cougar a me ke ʻano
Kinohi Hiki iā ia ke hana a puni ka uaki, akā i ke ao e makemake pinepine ia e hoʻomaha, e hoʻomaka me ka hopu me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli. He holoholona kū mālie ʻo Puma, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe ʻānō, hana nui nā leo nui wale nō i ka wā hana.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki i nā luna kikoʻī ke huaki i kahi kanaka, eia naʻe, ʻo ka Cougar, ke kūʻē, e hūnā. Hana wale nō ka hana inā he holoholona ka pilikia o kona ola.
Mauna Cougar ahonui nui. Inā ʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho i loko o kahi pahele, mālama ʻo ia i ka mālamalama a hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ʻimi i kahi ala o kēia kūlana. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa, hiki i ka Cougar ke hāʻule i loko o kahi pahu a ʻaʻole hoʻi i neʻe no kekahi mau lā.
Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻenemi. Eia nō naʻe, i nā kūkulu ʻākau e pono ai lākou e hālāwai me ke kao brown a me ka ʻīlio, ma ke kūkulu hema me kahi jaguar, a i Florida hoʻi me kahi mea holomua Mississippi. Hiki i nā wolves a me nā jaguars ke hoʻoweliweli wale nō i ke ola no nā makahiki a i ʻole nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka Ungulate ka meaʻai nui o nā mea hoʻohālua. Elk, deer, caribou ka papa nui o ka holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hōʻole ka Cougar i ka iʻa, kaabi, nā piliki, nā puaʻa puaʻa, nā nāhelehele, nā peke, nā kiʻukile, nā alapi, nā pōloli, nā coyotes, nā lynx, a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. Inā pono, hiki iā ia ke leʻaleʻa i nā snails a i ʻole nā mea hihiu hoʻi.
Hoʻohāmi maikaʻi ka holoholona hoʻomanawanui a i ka wā i hoʻoulu ʻia ai, ʻaʻohe manawa ka mea o ka mea e pakele ai. Inā nui ka mea nui, hoʻokokoke mālie mai ka Cougar, lele a ʻāʻī i kona ʻāʻī. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e pāʻani me ka meaʻai, makemake ʻo ia e emi koke iho.
E hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia i nā ʻili nāwili a me nā niho, e hoʻohemo mālie ana i ka ʻōpū a me nā wāwahi. Hiki i ka wahine ke pepehi i kahi holoholona iʻoi aku ka nui o kona paona ʻekolu mau manawa pono. Holo wale ka Cougar i ka honua, akā, i nā lālā lāʻau.
I ka ʻimi ʻana o ka mea i holo ai hiki ke hele i kahi lōʻihi. Inā hiki i ka Cougar ke pepehi i kekahi holoholona nui, a laila e ʻai nui ka mea kūʻai aku iā lākou no ka hebedoma. Inā hāʻawi ka manawa kūpono iā ia iho, hiki i kahi hoa kāne ke hōʻake i nā holoholona, ʻoi pū a me nā ʻīlio.
I kēia hihia, ʻo ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea pōʻino ma mua o ka mea e haʻi pono i ka hānai. I ka makahiki, e ʻai ana kekahi hoa mai 800 i 1200 kg o ka ʻai, ʻo ia ka mea o 50 mau aniani. ʻO kekahi mea kupaianaha ʻo ia wale no ka manu e ka ʻai wale ma kahi a ʻaʻole loa e ʻai i ka holoholona i pepehi ʻia e ka mea hoʻokūkū.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Cougar - holoholona ʻaiā. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa like, ʻo nā hana o ka Cougar he mau ʻano like me ko ka ʻīʻai maʻamau. E hoʻoneʻe i ka palena manawaleʻa i ka wā moe, hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka estrus i ka wahine a me nā uē aloha.
Ma ke kānāwai, ʻo nā kāne i hoʻomohala ʻia i ko lākou mau wahi āpau i loaʻa nā palena palena. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia mau wahi me ka urine, excrement a claw mark i nā lāʻau lāʻau. I loko nō o kēia mau palena i nā mana mahele maʻamau.
Kūpono paha nā holoholona iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mau minuke, akā aia a he ʻeiwa mau ʻano hana i hoʻokahi hola. ʻO nā pāʻani Matrimonial ka hoʻopaʻi maikaʻi loa a hala ʻelua mau pule. Ma hope o kēlā, ua haʻalele ke kāne i kāna mea aloha.
Ma hope aʻe o ʻekolu mau malama a ʻoi aku ka male ʻana. Ua hānau ʻia he 3-4 kittens. Loaʻa ka maka o nā keiki i ka lā ʻumi. Hoʻomaka nā niho mua a puka mai nā pepeiao. Ma hope o 6 mau pule, ua ʻōpio nā ʻōpio i ka ʻai.
ʻO Cohabitation me ka makuahine e hala a hiki i ʻelua mau makahiki, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻōpiopio i ko lākou ola pilikino. E like me ka hapanui o nā pēpē o kēia ʻano, ua noho ʻo Cougar Cougar a i 15 mau makahiki. Ma nā lāʻau kanu a me nā mea hānai, hoʻonui kēia manawa i 20.
ʻOiai ke kaʻimi mau nei no kēia mau mea kālepa, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kā lākou lehulehu. I kēia lā kūʻai aku i nā pōpoki Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma o ka Pūnaewele, kahi āu e loaʻa ai i nā makana he nui.
Ka ʻāpana a me nā Kuhi
I ka mōʻaukala, ʻo ka puma ka mea nui loa i waena o nā momi manuahi a ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I kēia manawa, i nā ʻōlelo latitude, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka puma (mai nā nīpē) me nā ʻaukā maʻamau, kahi ʻulaʻula, nā pua a me ka leopona. I ka wā mua, ua loaʻa nā hualoaʻa i nā wahi āpau mai ke kūkulu hema o Patagonia a ma ka hema o Alaska, kahi ʻāpana o kona hoʻoili ʻia ʻana me ka laulā o kona waiwai nui - nā kūmole like ʻole. I kēia manawa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, ua mālama pono ʻia ka Cougar i nā kuahiwi mauna komohana. I ka hikina ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema, ua hoʻopau loa ʻia ka Cougar, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā kānaka subspecies liʻiliʻi Puma ke kūlaʻi coryi i loko o Florida.
I kēia manawa, ka palena o ka puma a hiki i 100 latitude ka lōʻihi - mai ka Yukon (Kanada) a i ka hema, e uhi ana i ka aoao o ʻAmelika Hema a hiki i Patagonia.
Nā ʻano papa ʻānele
ʻO ka papa inoa o kēia mau lā, e pili ana i ka noiʻi genetic, ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā subspecies 6 o ka Cougar, kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai i nā hui 6 phylogeographic:
- Puma concolor couguar - ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (mai Kanada hema a Guatemala a me Belize),
- Puma concolor costaricensis - ʻAmelika Hikina (Nicaragua, Costa Rica a me Panama),
- Puma nā concricor capricornensis - ʻāpana hikina o ʻAmelika Hema (mai ke kahakai hema o Amazon i Brazil i Paraguay),
- ʻO ka palaka puʻuwai ʻo Puma - ʻaoʻao ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika Hema (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia),
- Puma ʻo concror cabrerae - ka ʻāpana waena o ʻAmelika Hema (ma ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika, Uruguay),
- Puma kaona puma - ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hema (Chile, hema hema o ʻAmelika).
ʻŌpiopio Florida
- ʻŌpiopio Florida (Puma ke kūlaʻi coryi) ʻO nā subspecies nani loa. ʻO ka nui o kona helehelena ma ka 2011 he mau liʻiliʻi iki ma mua o 160 mau kānaka (a ma ka 1970s i hāʻule ai ia ma kahi o 20 mau kanaka). Noho ia i loko o nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi neoneo o ka Florida hema (USA), nui i ka mālama.Mālama ʻO ka National Cypress National. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kumu no kona kahena ʻana, ʻo ia ka kahe o nā ʻūlapa, ka lawaiʻa hākeʻa, ka ʻona ʻana a me ka ʻūʻī ʻana o nā ʻano genetic, ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka hōʻono. ʻO ka Florida Cougar liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka nui a he nui nā wāwae. ʻAʻeleʻele ke kalaʻulaʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula. Ma muli o ka ʻaihue, loaʻa i nā kānaka o kēia subspecies ka piko o ka huelo. Aia nā hoʻolālā e hānai i nā kīwaha Florida me nā hui o nā subspecies ʻē aʻe e hana i ka heluna lehulehu a pilikino ponoʻī.
Kēlā subspecies ʻAmelika Hikina, ʻo Cougar Wisconsin (Puma concoror shorgeri), make i ka makahiki 1925
Lāiau a me kaʻai kino
Loaʻa nā Cougars ma nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole - mai nā pāpū a i nā mauna me ke kiʻekiʻe 4700 m ma luna o ke kai, a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻāina ʻē aʻe: ma nā kuahiwi mauna, ma nā wao nahele, ma nā pāpū ma nā puʻu, ma nā puʻu, a i nā awāwa i nā awāwa a ma nā wahi āpau e hāʻawi ai. ua lawa ka lakou ai a me ka wahie. Eia nō naʻe, i ʻAkelika Hema, ua hoʻāʻo nā Cougars e pale aku i nā repo a i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa i koho ʻia e ka jaguars. Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa kēia mau holoholona i ke ola ma kahi ʻāina paʻakikī. No laila, mahalo i ko lākou mau iwi Muscular, hiki iā lākou ke lele a hiki i 6 m ākea a me 2,5 m kiʻekiʻe loa, e holo i nā wikiwiki a hiki i ka 50 km / h (ʻoi aku no nā lōʻihi pōkole). Ua neʻe maʻalahi ʻo Puma ma nā kuahiwi o ke kuahiwi, piʻi pololei i nā kumulāʻau a me nā ʻōpala a inā pono, kaukau maikaʻi.
Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo manaʻo kaulana, he holoholona mālie ʻo ka Cougar. Nā leo nui, e like me nā ʻūʻā kanaka, hoʻopili wale ʻo ia i ka manawa hana.
Ke alakaʻi nei nā Cougars i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa wale nō (ʻo ka maʻa he mau kāne ma 1-6 mau lā o ka wā hānai a me nā māmā me nā keiki hānai). ʻO ke ʻano o ko lākou lehulehu, e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pāʻani, ʻokoʻa ka mea hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia ʻokoʻa no 85 km² a he 13 mau kānaka no ka 54 km². ʻO ka mahele holoholona o ka wahine wahine e hele ana mai 26 a 350 km² a aia i kēlā me kēia wahi o ke kāne. Noho nā papa o nā kāne mai 140 a 760 km² a ʻaʻole loa e kūlike. ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā kāne ʻōpio, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio i haʻalele wale i ko lākou makuahine. I loko o kāna hoʻolālā, hana ka puma i nā neʻe manawa, hoʻoilo a lele i ka ʻāpana like ʻole. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia nā palena o ke kāʻei o ka urine a me nā feces, me nā makika ma nā lāʻau.
Holo nui ʻo Puma i ka pō. No ka hapa nui o kāna ʻāpana, ʻo ka ʻai, ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū: ʻeleʻele, ʻoniʻoni, ʻoniʻoni, pampas deer, wapiti (American red deer), moose, caribou, nā holoholona ulaula a me nā holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka Cougar ke hānai i nā holoholona he nui - mai nā kiʻi, nā peleti, nā pahu, nā keleti, muskrats, sloths, agouti, nā mea monikole, nā pekeins, nā beavers Kanada, nā honi, nā ʻoka a me nā mea kaua, i nā coyotes, nā lynxes, alligators a me nā mea'ē aʻe. ʻAi pū lākou i nā manu, nā iʻa, a me nā ʻehā a me nā mea hihiu. E like me nā tigers a me nā leopards, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ka Cougar ma waena o nā holoholona hihiu a me ka holoholona hihiu, e hoʻouka ana i nā holoholona, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio a me nā manu i ka wā e kū ai ka manawa. I ka manawa like, e ʻoki pinepine ʻo ia i nā holoholona ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. Hiki i ka mea hui ke hōʻeha i nā puʻuwai ʻōpio, a aia kekahi mau hōʻike hōʻike anecdotal e wehewehe nei i nā hihia o nā cougars e pepehi ana i nā kīlei nui a i ʻole nā grizzlies. Ua wehewehe ʻo Alfred Brem i kēia pōpoki kahi holoholona wiwo ʻole a koa koa.
Ke kuhi nei, ʻo ka puma e hoʻohana pinepine i ka mea pīhoihoi, a laila huli i loko o kahi nui nui, a laila lele i luna i kona kua kokoke a hōʻoki i kona ʻāʻī e hoʻohana ana i ka nui o kona kino, a, e like me nā kāliki a pau, e hopu ana i kona ʻāʻī me kona mau niho a hoʻomaka e lele. Pau i ka puma ka 860–1300 kg o ka ʻai i ka makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, he 48 mau aniani. Hūnā nā kāne i ka ʻai kā ʻole, hoʻōla iā ia a moe a me nā lau, ʻalopona a i ʻole ka hau. Hoʻi hou lākou i ka mea i hūnā ʻia, i kekahi manawa pinepine. Hiki i ka Cougar ke huki i kahi kalana i kahi mamao lōʻihi, ʻelima mau manawa like me kona paona. Ua hoʻohana nā ʻōiwi o nā ʻōpiopio i noho ma ke kūkulu hema o Kaleponi i kēia ʻano hoʻokasapiha, ka ʻikepili ʻana i nā kupapaʻu ua kū a piha paha paha.
ʻAʻohe o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a ka hoahele, akā hiki i kekahi mau mea hoʻopuka ke hoʻohilikia i ka Cougar: jaguars, mau ʻeke o nā ʻīlio, nā grizzlies, nā bea ʻoniʻoni, nā alapiʻi, nā kīmele ʻeleʻele a me nā alligator o Mississippi nui. ʻO nā Grizzlies a me nā mea ʻai e pili ana i ka hana cougar e like me ka parasites, me ka wehe ʻana i ka hapa o ka mea pio
Hoʻoweliweli i nā poʻe
ʻAʻole i like me nā pōpoki pumehana lehulehu, ʻaʻole hopohopo nā kāpili i ka poʻe, makemake e pale iā lākou. Ma waena o 1890 a me Ianuali 2004, kahi haneli he mau puʻupaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, ka hapa nui i kū mai wale ma ka mokupuni ʻo Vancouver. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i hōʻino ʻia i ke keiki a i ʻole pōkole, a i ʻole ke kū ʻana o nā kaua i ke ahiahi a i ka pō paha. Hiki i nā Cougars ke maʻalahi i kahi hōʻeha kaua a ke neʻe a holo mua kahi kanaka a waiho wale nō.
Ka nohona kūloko a me ka pale
ʻOiai ke ʻimi ʻia nei nā Cougars a ua hōʻemi ʻia ko lākou mau pōpilikia ma muli o ka luku o ke kaiapuni, ka nui o nā subspecies he nui loa, me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā Cougars i nā ola ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole. No ka mea, ua hoʻopau loa ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, i kēia manawa ka heluna o nā pumas ma ke komohana o kēia ʻāina ka mea e pili ana i 30,000 mau kānaka a hoʻomau ka noho i ka hikina a me ka hema.
ʻEkolu mau kumumea Cougar i helu ʻia ma CITES Lāpai I: Puma ke kūlaʻi coryi, Puma concolor costaricensis, Puma concolor couguar. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā pumas he mau palena a i ʻole pāpā ʻia paha, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau ʻia nei lākou no ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka holoholona a me ka hopu.
ʻO nā subspecies wale nō i papa inoa ma ka papa inoa IUCN Red List me ke kūlana "ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi" (ka hopena lahilahi), He makua no ʻo Florida Puma ke kūlaʻi coryi.
He mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi ʻoe i kēia manawa i hoʻomaka ai kekahi poʻe i nā kāpena i kā lākou mau holoholona.
ʻGarʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele
I ke kūlohelohe, aia nā hui manu keʻokeʻo, pū kekahi me nā ʻōuli ʻona poloka i loaʻa i ʻAmelika.ʻĪwī kikī - he holoholona, ʻano ʻike. ʻ saylelo ʻepekema ʻo is the black puma and the puma melanist in nature is not or.
Ma mua he hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike o ka ʻike ʻana i nā mel meliki, nā leucist, nā albinos. Ua hele mai nā ʻike e pili ana i nā kolo ʻeleʻele mai Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ua pepehi ʻia ka pelekikena ʻeleʻele i Costa Rica i 1959 i mea ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole i ʻeleʻele.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi kīleʻele ʻeleʻele i Kentucky, akā ma hope i hala aʻe ua puka aku ka pale o kēia mau pehu. ʻO kēia ka mea, ʻōwili ʻeleʻele nā holoholona.
Ma Idaho, i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka makahiki 2007, ua kī pū ʻia kekahi Cougar me kahi alo ʻulaʻula, ʻāʻī a me ka umauma. Ma hope o kāna pepeiao, he wahi ʻeleʻele ia, i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema e like me kahi ʻano o ka melanism. No ka hōʻoia o ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, pono ke kapa kāne me nā mākua kaulana, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. No laila, i kēia lā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻikepili i ke ola ʻana o nā hui o ka ʻeleʻele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho
He holoholona ʻo Puma, kahi wehewehe e hiki ai ke loaʻa i nā puke āpau i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke ola o nā mea hoʻopiʻi. ʻAʻole wale ka poʻe loea i ka maʻamau o kēia mau kāne nani, akā aloha nō hoʻi i nā mea holoholona holoholona maʻamau.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hōkuhi nui e noho nei ma ʻAmelika i kēia lā ʻo Cougar. ʻO ka holoholona ka lua wale nō i ka nui o ka jaguar. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kēia kūloko a hiki i 180 cm, ke lōʻihi o kahi huelo 75 cm. Aia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo ma kahi o 76 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o kahi kāne pākeke ma kahi o 105 kg. ʻO 30 wahine ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻO Puma kahi holoholona me kahi kino kūpono a elongated, nā wāwae haʻahaʻa a me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wāwae hind i mua o ka mua. ʻO ka huelo ka mauʻu, lōʻihi, lōʻihi a pubescent.
Ua pālahalaha nā paws, e hoʻopau me nā ʻaoʻao o nā curved curearable. ʻO nā palaka keu.
Kāleka a me ka kala
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Puma (ke kiʻi o ka holoholona i nā puke āpau e pili ana i ka poʻe predator) i ka hulu mānoanoa, pōkole a puʻupuʻu. ʻO nā Cougars wale nō nā pōpoki o ʻAmelika like o ka waihoʻoluʻu like.
ʻO nā holoholona pākeke ke kapa ʻula a ʻahuʻula paha. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohālike ʻia ke kala o ka pumas me ke kala o ko lākou mea ʻala - deer. Aia nā māka māmā ma ka ʻūʻī, ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, a me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ka muzzle. Keleʻele nā pepeiao, ua pau ka huelo me kahi speck ʻeleʻele. He ulaula ka poʻe ʻaina e noho nei ma nā wahi ākea, a he hina ka hina o nā kānaka ʻākau.
I ka wā'ōpiopio, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka lole. He ʻupu nona nā pōkoki, nā wahi ma ka hind a me nā forelimbs, a me nā apo hoʻi i ka huelo.
Makee
Hele ʻo Puma i ka pō i ka pō. ʻO kā kaʻai ʻana i ka hapanui o ka ʻai ʻana - deer, elk, a me ka bighorn. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hōʻole mai ka holoholona.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻai ka Cougar i nā holoholona like ʻole - mai nā squirrels a me nā kiʻi a me nā lynxes, coyotes a me nā Cougars. ʻAʻole e like me nā leopards a me nā tigers, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ka Cougar ma waena o nā holoholona a me nā holoholona hihiu, pinepine i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā holoholona, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio. I ka manawa like, he nui nā mea ola e ʻoi loa ia ma mua o ka ʻai.
Ke holo nei ʻo ia, hoʻohana ke kīnaka i ke kumu o ka pīhoihoi - kihi ʻo ia i ka nui o ka nui a mai kahi kokoke loa i ke lele ma ke kua o ka mea āna i haki, ʻāʻī ʻo ia i kona ʻāʻī. Hoʻopau ʻo Puma i kahi o 1300 kg o kaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hūnā ka poʻe hoʻihoʻi i nā koena o ka waiwai, e uhi ana iā ia me ka lāʻau lāʻau, nā lau a i ʻole ka hau. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi pinepine i kēia hale kūʻai.
ʻO Puma kahi holoholona ikaika loa a paʻakikī ka hiki iā ia ke huki i kahi pahu kalaka ma kahi lōʻihi loa, ʻelima a ʻehiku hoʻi kona momona.
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe o ka ʻenemi. Hoʻokomo wale ʻia nā mea hōʻeha nui (grizzly, jaguars, wolves) i ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā maʻi.
Hoʻaiho
He mea maʻamau ka Cougar holoholona ma waena o ʻAmelika. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, paʻa nā ʻano o ka Cougar i kahi kūlana o kāna kīʻaha nui - deer. Ma mua, ʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona mai nā wahi hema o Patagonia a ma ka hema hema o Alaska. I kēia manawa, loaʻa ka hapanui ma nā ʻaoʻao komohana o ʻAmelika a me Canada i nā mauna. A ma ka hikina kahi i hoʻopau ʻia loa ia, he poʻe liʻiliʻi wale nō ka mea i ola ma Florida wale nō.
ʻLio a me nā ʻano
Hōʻalo manu nā puma holoholona hihiu. Noho nā Cougars ma ke kū hoʻokahi - ma ke ākea. I ka manawa hoʻi e ʻike ai i ka hoa hana. Aia hoʻi nā leo ʻuwā nui a puni ka moku, e hōʻike ana i ka pae ʻana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hānau ʻia.
ʻO ka wahi i koho ʻia no ke ola e hōʻailona ʻia e ka urine ma nā palena o ka Cougar, a waiho ʻia nā lau ma nā wahi lāʻau. Noho wale nā Cougars ma kēlā mau wahi kahi e pono ai ka lawaiʻa a me ka nui o nā pā. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau a me nā pāpū i ulu nui i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe.
Kahi ka neʻe ʻana o ka noho ʻana ma ka "meaʻai" e hele ana ma kēia wahi - he awelika o 80 mau mika ʻehā. km - 1-12 mau holoholona. Hoʻopili ʻo nā Males i ka wahi hopu o 100-750 mau mika square. km, i loko o nā wahine liʻiliʻi i nā papa liʻiliʻi - 30-300 sq. km Aia nō ka pae o ka huakaʻi e kau ana i ka manawa o ka makahiki. Hoʻolilo nā holoholona i nā hoʻoilo a me nā kauwela i nā wahi like ʻole.
Holo nā poʻe Cougars i ka wā dusk, me ka uila uila e kīkī aku ai lākou i ka mea i make i loko o hoʻokahi mea. I loko o ka lā e moe ai lākou i loko o ka lairs, bask i ka lā a ka lick, e like me nā pōpoki āpau, ka huluhulu.
Pahu aku ka poʻe hoʻokaʻina i nā pali mauna, piʻi i nā lālā lāʻau a hiki ke ʻauʻau maikaʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lele Cougar a hiki i 6 m, a ke kiʻekiʻe - ma mua o 2 m.ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana he 50 km / h. Hiki i ka wahine ke lawe pio i nā niho, ʻo ka manawa o ka manawa he 5-7 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o kāna.