ʻO nā ʻEulopa, a o ka sterletus (Acipenser ruthenus) he mau mea waiwai nui ia o ka ʻohana firmgeon me nā waiwai gastronomic maikaʻi e hōʻoia ʻia ana ka loaʻa ʻana o ka inoa o nā iʻa "aliʻi." Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia mea e ka hele mau ʻana o nā kīʻaha sterlet ma nā papa o nā aliʻi kaulana iʻike ʻia ʻo Ivan the Terrible a me Peter I. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi ua papa ʻia ka paukū ma ka papa ʻaina o nā ʻāpana a me nā mea mahiʻai ʻaʻole iʻike pono ʻia ma Rūsia, ka mea i hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka pākuʻi a me ka wā ulu o ka lehulehu noho. I ka makahiki XXI, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka mea make e hoʻopau a helu ʻia i loko o ka Lūkala a me ka Red Book Russian.
Ka wehewehe ʻākana
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka iʻa e ke kino triangular me kahi māla ʻokiʻoki a me kahi hāmeʻe kāhea crescent me ka lāʻau elongated luna. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka hiʻohiʻona o ka sterlet ka:
- poʻo conical liʻiliʻi
- elongated liʻiliʻi ihu
- he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me kahi lehelehe bifid,
- mau maka liʻiliʻi
- hanalei,
- nele i nā unahi
- 5 mau laina lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā iwi ʻōiwi.
- loa dorsal hina dorsal maikaʻi
- ʻākena keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo,
- lehu poloka a ʻeleʻele paha ka polū o ka papa ʻāina.
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka sterleton me kahi lālā o nā ʻohana, ua lawa ia e makaʻala i ka helu a me ka pae o nā ʻōlaʻi o nā iwi. Kuhi ʻia ka Acipenser ruthenus e ko lākou pani paʻa ʻana i ke kua (13-17 ʻoki). ʻO ka ʻāpana 13-15 o ka ʻōpū, i kahi e kūʻē ai, waiho i nā māka i ʻike ʻia ma waena o lākou iho. Ma ka laina lateral he nui nā pōkā puʻupuʻu rhomboid liʻiliʻi e pili ana i kekahi me kekahi (60-70 ʻāpana), maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻano o ka ʻohana.
Aia kekahi kuhi hewa hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka sterlet e ka ihu elongated ʻoi. E hana wale kēia ʻōlelo ʻana i ka iʻa a me ka ihu. Cultivated and fried spring (incapable of reproduction) specimens hiki ke loaʻa kekahiʻu pōkole pōkole, e like me ka firmgeon.
Nā helu waiwai a me nā pālaha
ʻOiai ka leo nui o ka iʻa o ka mō'ī, ʻo ka sterlet ka mea ʻoi ka lālā liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana. Mahele ka maʻamau o nā pākeke ma waena o 1-2 kg me ka hoʻonui ʻana o 50-60 cm. ʻO ka kaupaona ka nui loa o ka pākuhi he 15-16 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 120-125 cm. Akā, aia kahi ʻike e pili ana i ka nui a me ka hapalua mika ke kaupaona ʻana i 20 mau kilokilo paha he nui, ua hopu ʻia ma ka wao nahele Siberia ma nā kahe o ka Irtysh e hiolo ʻia ana me taiga.
Ma ka nui o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e hoʻoholo i ka wikiwiki o ka pau kaola ma kahi o ka paukū (a hiki i 30 mau makahiki), ka mea i lilo ka moe kolohe a i ka makahiki ʻekolu a ʻewalu paha o ke ola. I ka manawa like, kahi sturgeon nui, ola i 60-70 mau makahiki, loaʻa iā ia ka hiki ke hana hou i nā makahiki he 8-20 mau makahiki.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO Sterlet kahi i noho ai o ka muliwai noho nui, e hoʻonaninani ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hohonu, maloʻo a me ka wikiwiki me ka nui o ka oxygen. ʻOiai ka pōʻino o ke kaiāulu me ka kemika, nā kīʻaha hale a me nā mea o nā mahiʻai o ka mahiʻai e hiki ai ke hoʻopilikia nui i nā holoholona. Kūkulu ʻia ka ʻano kula i loko o ka iʻa, no laila mea maʻa ka laulet mau liʻiliʻi ʻoi mau o nā kānaka o ia mau makahiki, e hana pōkole ana ma kahi o kekahi mau kilomita e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai. Akā i ka laulā maʻamau, alakaʻi ka sterlet i kahi ola luhi a i ka hana maoli ʻaʻole neʻe o ka wahi o kona wahi i hānau ai. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa wale nō kekahi mau kiʻi semi -ipi e noho ana ma ke kahawai ʻo Caspian a me ka muliwai Kamchatka. Hoʻolimalima kēia mau iʻa i ka manawa ma luna o nā kīʻaha waiwai, nā hale moe desalinated, a hoʻomau i ka pili ʻana i ka moʻo.
Mālama i nā lā āpau o ka lā a mālama ʻia ka sterlet i kahi hohonu kokoke i lalo a ma ka lā wale nō ke neʻe nei i ka wai pāpaku no ka hānai. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana Nutritional i ka manawa wela a hiki i ka waena waena. I ka mahina o ʻOkakopa, hoʻomaka ka ʻuluʻulu e hōʻuluʻulu i nā hipa nui a kīwī i nā ʻāpana hohonu o ka muliwai, kahi i loaʻa ai nā lua hoʻoilo. Ma muli o ke kūlana o ka pīhoihoi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, e hoʻolei ana i nā kaʻina koʻikoʻi i ke kino, hiki i ka iʻa ke kali no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai ʻole me ka meaʻai a me ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka nui.
He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ka ʻai
ʻO nā kūmole kaulele liʻiliʻi e maʻamau nā benthophages e hānai ana i nā mea ola e noho ana ma ka papa o kahi kō. Kau ʻia ka meaʻai Sterlet:
- nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi - daphnia, brine shrimp, amphipods, cyclops, pale,
- nā lālani - nā namu (nā lolo), nā ʻalā, nā ʻona (nā mollusks), nā ʻiʻo, ka ʻīlio, nā liona, nā keiki hipa, nā manamana, nā manamana
- nā mollusks liʻiliʻi - bola, musculia, valves, coils, lithoglyphs, zebra mussels,
- ʻōpala, tubule, pōpō, nā leʻaleʻa, nā kala kala, nā ʻūhā, ke holo ʻana, nā ʻūlū, a me nā mea,
I ka wā o ka hōʻuʻi nui o nā loio he nui, huli nā ʻano iʻa, e kū ana i ka ʻamo ponoʻī, huli i kona kua a me ke ʻohi ʻana i nā kakanawai, nā kolo, a me nā pōpī ua hāʻule i loko o ka wai.
ʻAuhea e loaʻa ai ka paukena i Lūkini?
ʻO ka helehelena mua o nā ʻano lāʻau nā ʻāpana o ka Lūkini Lūkini e pili ana i ʻEulopa ʻEulopa a me Western Siberia, me ka Yenisei. Akā ka mahalo i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nohona kanaka, paʻa ka loko o ka loko i ka nui o nā wai o nā puna wai o ʻAzov, Caspian, ʻUle, Kara, Baltic, Barents a me ke Kai Keokeo. Aia ma nā Urals, Ob, Irtysh, Volga, Don, Klyazma, Kama, Vyatka, Dnieper, Dniester, Northern Dvina, Kamchatka, Angara.
Hoʻolālā pinepine ʻia nā kuʻina no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka mea kauhau ma loko o ka wai o Ladoga a me Onega, Amur, Pechora, Neman a me nā ʻāpana "manuahi ʻole." Akā ma muli o ke aniani a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole ka maʻa o ka sterlet ma kahi maikaʻi a hiki pinepine ʻole ke hānai pono ma kāna iho.
Nā pili pili
ʻOiai ka nui o nā ʻohana like ʻole (ka nui o nā ʻano kaona, stellate sturgeon, spike, kaluga), nā mea āpau he mau ʻoliʻokeʻo loa a ʻae i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pōpoki.
I ka makahiki 1952, ua kakoo hou ia i USSR, ʻo ia ka inoa o nā syllables mua o ka inoa ʻo "nā mākua" - ka ʻona nui loa a me ka poʻokela BELuga (Huso huso) a me ka liʻiliʻi loa - Sterlet.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia iʻa e ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka wai paʻakai (a hiki i ka 18%) a me kahi hopena ākea ma waena o ka hina-brown a ʻulaʻula paha a me ka ʻōpū māmā. Hoʻokomo pū ka honu mua i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka beluga a me ka wikiwiki o ka paukū. ʻO ka paona ka loa o ka mea maikaʻi loa he 28-30 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 170-180 cm. Akā, hiki ke hōlua ʻia kēia mau helu inā e hele hou i ke ʻano ʻo Huso huso - beluga ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. I loko o nā paina o nā Irtysh, Ob, Yenisei, Angara, Sayano-Shushensky a me nā waihona waiwai Krasnoyarsk, he mau subspecies kūikawā o ka fortgeon ola - ka Siberian sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus marsiglii). ʻOkoʻa kēia ʻano ʻauhau ma ka ʻano kumu ma ka wā ʻala, ʻokoʻa ke aniani a me ka hiki ke loaʻa ka paona ma mua o 20 kg.
ʻAno hānau
Kuhi ka ʻōlelo a ka paukū sterlet ma luna o nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī a me ka helu o ka hoʻomanahana ʻana i ka wai ma kahi mahana o + 10-15 ° С. I loko o nā wahi ākea o Lūkia kahi manawa maikaʻi loa kēia mai ka lā o ʻApelila a Iune inclusive. E like me nā papa spawning, ua koho ka iʻa i nā wahi hohonu i ka wai (7-20 mika) me kahi pālahalaha lalo (bato, nā ʻāpana, nā kuhi) kahi e waiho ai i 25-150 mano mau hua ʻalā me kahi ākea o 2-3 mm. Ma muli o ke pani pale koʻikoʻi, pili paʻa ka masonry i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao a ʻaʻole neʻe ʻia e ka wā o kēia manawa.
ʻO ka manawa incubation o ka larvae he 6-10 lā. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā hua, ʻona lākou i nā mālama ʻala ʻoki no 1-2 mau pule. Ua ʻoki ʻo kahi ʻoki wai i loko o nā hipa a hoʻololi i ka hānai e hoʻonui me nā zooplankton a me nā mea liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa. Kūleʻa ka ulu o ka wā ʻōpio, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau anuanu, hiki i ka ʻōpio o ka makahiki ke hiki i 18-20 cm ka lōʻihi, a ma ka hopena o ka makahiki lua o ke ola - 25-30 cm. Ke ulu o ʻoe i ka papa, ua loli nui ka papa hana no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā hua ma mua o ka huakaʻi hele ʻana i nā makahiki he 2 mau makahiki. Hoʻokomo pinepine kēia mau paule ola i ka iʻa, nui ka wahine i ka nui o ka manawa keu a hemo ka hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili.
Pōʻalima a me nā māla
Hoʻouluulu ʻia nā kumu lāʻau ʻona ʻo Sterlet i loko o nā mahiʻai kīhina kūikawā, he nui o nā loko i hana ʻia a paʻa pono ʻia i loko o nā waihona kō. ʻO ke kumu nui no ka loaʻa kūleʻa o nā firmgeons he hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻopiha i ka wai me ka oxygen i kahi pae o 5 mg / l a i ʻole. Pono e mālama i ka pae wela wela o ka paila + 18-24 ° C, no ka mea, i loko o nā hale kanu maloʻo nui (ma lalo o + 1-2 ° C) hoʻomaka ka iʻa e make nui.
I loko o nā mahiʻai o nā pīla holomua, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana kūikawā e ʻae ʻole e kū wale nō, e hoʻopōmaikaʻi me ka oxygen, disinfect a, inā pono, wai wela, akā e hoʻonohonoho pono i ka lāʻauʻenehana a me ka lāʻau no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana a hōʻemi i nā uku. ʻO nā pilikia paʻakikī loa i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka sterlet e pili pū me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka iʻa e hānai i nā mea hoʻomohala pū. Me ka hui kūpono o ke kaʻina, a ma 9-10 mau mahina wale nō, e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i ka "neʻe" o kahi pānaʻi liʻiliʻi e kaupaʻa ana i ka nui o 5-7 g i loko o ka māhele huahana kaulana me ka paona o 400-500 g.
Nā lawaiʻa ʻōlani
Ma muli o ka launa ʻole ʻia ka hoʻoku manuahi e noho i nā muliwai wale nō, akā ma nā moʻo wai maʻemaʻe a me nā loko wai hoʻi, nā loko wai a me nā loko wai paʻakikī. ʻO ka mākele nui no ka hopu ʻana i kahi pākeke he donka (0.3-0.35 mm), ua lako ʻia me nā neʻe a 20-30 cm, mau kīʻaha me nā pualikoa lōʻihi a me kahi puʻu hoʻopukapuka e kau ana i ka 30-80 g. , heula, me ka nahele, iron iron), clam a crayfish, ʻāpana iʻa, manu a i ʻole butterfly, ke kāne.
Ma mua o kou hele ʻana i ka wai e hopu i ka sterlet, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi laikahi hoʻokahi, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻelua mau lā a e ʻae i ka lawaiʻa mai 6 a.m. a hiki i 11 p.m., e kāpae i ka manawa pō. Hōʻike ka palapala i ka nui o ka hopu ʻia nō he 10 mau spimens me ka lōʻihi o ka 30 cm a me ka paona o 250 g a ʻoi paha. Aia pū kekahi manawa ke kūʻai aku i ka laikini mahina, hāʻawi ʻo ia i ke kuleana e hopu i nā kope o 100 o ka firmgeon.
ʻO ka kūpono o ka meaʻai
Loaʻa ka iʻa Sterlet me kahi mea ʻono maikaʻi, he piha piha i ka bony a me ka culinary versatility, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano kīʻaha like ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia ka iʻa e hana i ka iʻa lawaiʻa, balyk, aspic, kebab, grill, pie hoʻopiha, a hodgepodge. Hāʻawi ka ʻiʻo Sterlet iā ia iho i ka paʻakai, ka uahi ʻana, ka wā e hoʻolapalapa ai, ka palaoa, ka palaoa, ka aihue. He kaulana ka Caviar no kona mau ʻano gastronomic maikaʻi loa, loaʻa iā ia kahi kala ʻeleʻele uliuli, akā he momona nō hoʻi ia.
ʻO ka nui o nā calorie kiko o ka sterlet he 88-90 kcal no 100 g, kahi e hiki ai ke helu ʻia me kahi huahana kaiʻai. Ke kōkua pinepine nei i ka iʻa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā metabolism, pale i nā maʻi vascular, hoʻemi i ka hōʻemi o ka atherosclerosis a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka naʻau ma muli o ka hoʻokomo nui o ka serotonin.
Loaʻa i ka paukena kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe e pono ai ke kino:
- B vitamina, PP, D, E, A,
- florine, chromium, zinc,
- lepo, molybdenum, nikel,
- kaleka, iodine, selenium,
- polyunsaturated fatty acid (Omega-3 a me Omega-6),
- nā mea pale maʻalahi.
Hoʻopau ka kīʻaha Sterlet i ka kolu maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻoikaika i nā iwi a me nā ʻili, pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kanesa, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o nā kui, ka ʻili a me ka lauoho.
