ʻRlelo Kānaha Wīwī S. AniksteinʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele ichthyofauna o ka ʻAlika Lake Tanganyika i ka lōʻihi o 10-15 a oi paha mau kenima. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā mea i ʻike i ka hopena o kēia kaila kahaha. ʻO kekahi o nā "wīwī" punahele he 6-cm Lamprologus caudopunctatus. ʻO kā lākou inoa ʻano, i puka mai i ka huaʻōlelo Latin cauda (tail) a me ka punctum (dot, spot), iʻa ka iʻa ma ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona i nānā ʻia ma ka moni caudal. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana "hoʻopili" i ke ʻano Lamprologus o ka ʻohana Lamprologini, ua pili kēia cichlid no ka manawa Neolamprologus o ke ʻano o ka iʻa a ua loaʻa i loko o ka inoa kuʻuna e Colomb (Colombe) a me Allgayer (Allgayer) pili i nā ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū, ua loaʻa i ka iwi supraorbital. mau nō ka mana i ka hōʻano hou o Poll (Nā Pōlepa) i ka makahiki 1986. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻokau ʻia nā haʻawina ma hope mai i ka hoʻi ʻana mai o nā ʻano ʻōiwi i kona kūlana mua. Noho ʻo L.caudopunctatus ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka loko o Lake Tanganyika ma kahi hohonu o 1 a 10 m i ke neʻe i nā wahi hoʻomalu mai ka pohō pohō a i kahi one. Ua loaʻa kahi ʻano maʻamau ma Kabeye, ma ka hikina o ka moku Kasaba ma Zambia. Aia nā 6 henphical morphs, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa, a i koʻu manaʻo, ʻo Karatra. ʻO kēia liʻiliʻi (5-6 cm) cichlid nānā nani. I uhi ʻia ke kino pink i nā pōpoki pīhoihoi, nā hulu melemele i luna i ke kino alualu, a hāʻawi i ka maka emerald i ka waihoʻoluʻu i kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa, ʻoluʻolu kūlike. Loaʻa ka wahine keu i ka lōʻihi o 6 cm, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine - a hiki i 4 cm. Ua hōʻike palupalu ʻia ka ʻano moʻomeheu i loko o kēia mau iʻa, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka lōʻihi o ke kino a me ke ʻano o ka papilla genital, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka hoʻopuni ʻana i ka wahine. Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi ʻauhau koʻikoʻi o ka pālua dorsal o ke kāne. ʻOiai, ka mea nānā i ka mea nānā i hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka moʻo o ka iʻa ma o kā lākou ʻano, i ka wā i ka spawning a i ʻole ka hana mua-spawning. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻāpana morphometric, ua pili loa ia i ka lamprologus i kāhea ʻia a kokoke loa iā Lamprologus leloupi, me nā ʻokoʻa kala wale nō. ʻO ke kolu o nā caphopunctuses mua ʻekolu e uhi i ka ʻōpū o ka hapa o ke kino, ʻo ke koena e like me ke chessboard, e like me Lamprologus leloupi. ʻAe, ua like nā biotopes ma nā ʻano ʻelua. ʻO nā mea nui o kēia mau iʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kīhaki o nā paliʻeleʻele o ke kahakai, e kaʻi kahe i kahi hohonu o ka hohonu o ka m 20. Aohe wai nui o nā mea kanu wai, akā hiki ke loaʻa kahi ʻōpana ikaika o nā algae a hiki i nā hohonu hohonu. I ka ʻōpū, hoʻolako ʻia kahi ʻano kaiāulu a me nā papa no nā L. caudopunctatus a me nā cichlids pili ʻana aʻe o nā ʻano genera a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. A inā ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi hanana i loko o kou hale home, e ʻoliʻoli nui nā holoholona. Ua lōʻihi wau i ka moe ʻana i nā lamprologuses liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi hoʻi i Lūkia, no laila ua hauʻoli wau i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palani mai L.caudopunctatus mai Kelemania. ʻO ka pāʻina he 7 mau iʻa ʻōpio 2.5-3 cm lōʻihi loa a kūpono i loko o ka aquarium 200-lita me nā ʻōpio Callochromis melanostigma. Me ka mea i hala, ma ka nui o nā hale i mālama ʻia i nā ipu palamula a me nā paila palepa he mea pono ʻole ia - ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ka iʻa wale i ka wā i ka spawning. ʻO ka mea nui o ka lamprologi o kēia ʻano ʻōiwi ma lalo o nā ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻano like ʻole liʻiliʻi, nā ʻalāʻau manu e noho ana i ka papa lalo, a me zooplankton hoʻi, ka nui i ka loko (no ka laʻana, Mysis spp.). A ʻo ka palaoa i loko o ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka ʻai nui, ka mea, he mau ʻelele nā Сopepoda - Diaptomus spp. - a me kēlā me kēia phytoplankton. I loko o ka hale kaiula, hōʻikeʻo L.caudopunctatus i ka mea maʻalahi me kaʻaiʻai maikaʻi loa e ka ʻai ʻana i kekahi ʻano o ke ola a me ka lāʻau maloʻo. Ma keʻano kūikawā, ua hānai wau i kaʻu mau papa mai nā lā mua mai ka Cyclops, Coretra, a me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā palola a nā mea hana kaulana mai nā Kenekulia. E like me nā makemake o nā caudopunctuses, ʻo lākou, i koʻu manaʻo, hāʻawi ʻia i ka shain brine a me nā coronet. ʻO nā ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana penei: dGH 10-20 °, pH 7.5-8.5, maikaʻi filtration a me ka oxygen control (oxygen concentrations e pili ana i 10 mg / l), T = 24-27 ° C. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, i ke ʻano, ua ʻoni ʻia nā kukuirologus i kālai ʻia mai ka pali i kaʻohi a i ke one, aʻo ka hoʻokūkū ʻana i nā wahi me nā nui nui o nā puhipihi o Neothauma spp. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau "hale" o ka iʻa i ke ʻano he spawning, no ka hilinaʻi, e waiho ana iā lākou i loko o ke one. Ke mālama ʻia ia i loko o ka wai, ua kūpono nā pulupulu i nā ʻalā o ka lau o ke Kai, e like me rapans, a me ka nui mau ʻāpua a uka hoʻi i nā ʻano mea i hui ʻia. ʻO ka iʻa hoʻohuʻihuʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia he ʻike leʻa! A i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka saturation kiʻekiʻe o nā leo, pono ʻoe e hana i nā wahi kūpono i loko o ka loko wai. I koʻu manaʻo, ʻike maikaʻi loa kēia mau lamprologuses i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻaʻole nui ka ʻike e kūʻē i kahi kūmole o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka mea wale nō āu e makemake ai, ʻo ia ka hana mua. I ka wā e hoʻomālamalama ana, ua hoʻohana au i nā kukui Hagen Life Glo a me nā kukui Aqua Glo. Hana lākou i ke kala o ka iʻa i maikaʻi loa ʻia, i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kala o nā pua dorsal yellow-orange a me nā maka turquoise. Akā ʻo ka nani o nā caudopunctuses e hōʻoluʻolu piha ʻia e nā kumu kukui me ke aniani ʻāpana 6500-10000K. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, pono e hoʻopuni ʻia nā kaola aku no kēia mau cichlids i kahi nui o ka wahi a me nā mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pōhaku i ka nui o kahi pōlani tennis. He mea makemake ia e waiho i kēia papa ma ka one kahawai maikaʻi, ka mea (me lalo o nā pōhaku nui) e like me ka eli. Hāpai lākou i nā mea kanu. Hiki ke makemake ʻia ʻo Flora i nā mea subdominant wale nō, a ʻaʻole hoʻi ma nā ʻōlelo gastronomic, akā, me he mau ʻoka. Hoʻokumu nā pālua o kēia mau kukui "ʻano moana" no kahi moku me ka nui o 50 lita. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama pū me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻano ʻano, akā i ka nui o ka nui kūpono a me ka nui o nā hale. Ma kahi o nā hoahānau pili kokoke loa, ma kahi kīwī kūpono ʻo L.caudopunctatus i hui pū me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o Kouichromis, Paracyprichromis a me nā pelichic Tanganyik cichlids, e makemake ana i nā papa waena o ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻokūkū pū me nā caudopunctuse, ka mea e mālama nui ʻia ana i ka ʻaoʻao. He mea kūpono wale ia e hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe i ka wā e mālama ai i nā ʻano ʻano cichlids o ka Lake Tanganyika, koʻikoʻi loa ia he mea nui ka ʻao lalo. Hāʻawi ka poʻe lamprologologists nāwaliwali e kahi maʻi intraspecific palupalu, no laila hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā pālua (ma ke ʻano maoli lākou i makemake ai i kēlā ʻano ola), a me ka ʻohana. ʻO ka hana hoʻoulu, e like me ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano, i loko o nā hale. ʻO kēia ʻanoʻano he “ana”, no nā spawning i ka iʻa i hoʻohana i nā ʻalā pōhaku a me nā ʻ shellpoki a nā keiki. Mālama ka wahine i nā hua a me nā wai ʻona. Ke pale aku nei ke kāne i ka ʻāina, a ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia kona mea hoʻonāukiuki i nā ʻōpio i ʻae ʻia i ka wahi mokulele. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole wau i ʻike i kahi pākeke ke ʻai ʻana i kahi palaoa a, e ʻōlelo paha, he mea palupalu ka mea ʻānai i nā hoahānau ʻōpio. He ʻano maʻamau kēia ʻano o nā cichlids "Lake" - ʻo kēia ka mea i hiki ke hui pū i ka hui pū ʻana o nā hanauna he nui. Ma loko o ka palapala moʻokalaleo, ua heluhelu wau no ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana, pono kaʻu mau puaʻa i nā pā hale, nā palaka ma waena o nā kīwaha papa, nā pā pua puaʻa, etc. Akā ma hope wale nō o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka pū kaʻe i loko o ka pahu. He nui loa a mālama ʻia ʻo L. caudopunctatus a pili i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka pili kokoke i nā nui nui a me nā mea hana. No laila, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻike inā ua hele a spawning a i ʻole paha. E pīhoihoi kekahi kanaka paʻakāʻike iʻike ʻole ʻia e ʻike i ke kīpī liʻiliʻi ma ka puka o ka pā. ʻO ka mea laʻana, ʻike wau ua lawe ʻia ka lawehana lawaiʻa e ka lawrologists: ʻoi aku ka male i ke kahakaha āpau e ʻike kokoke i nā kānaka e ʻike kokoke ana i ka pā, me ka mea o ko lākou nui. ʻOiai ua hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia ʻo Callochromis melanostigma, a ʻo kēia, pono wau e ʻōlelo, he "iʻa me ka ʻano." Hele ka hapa mua i liʻiliʻi ma ka helu - he 10 wale nō mau hua, a ma ka hopena - 9 pīpī. Ma 26 ° C, hatching o nā ʻōkuhi e hele mai ana ma hope o 3 mau lā, e hoʻomaka ai ke pīpī a ʻauʻau a ʻai ikaika i nā lā 4-6. Mai ka lā mua, hoʻāʻo ʻo Lamprologus caudopunctatus e hopu i ka artplika nauplii, akā ua maopopo loa ka meaʻai no ia. Pono wau e kūʻai wikiwiki i ka "bearberry". I ʻekolu mau lā a hānai ʻia ka palaoa i ka nematodes, a ma hope iho ua hāʻawi hou aku wau iā lākou i nā hua o nā ʻano wai crustacean wai. I kēia manawa ua lilo ka mea hānai e lilo i mea kōkua. Ulu mālie ka iʻa. ʻOiai me ka hānai 5-6 paʻa a ʻo nā loli o kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i ka 50% o ka nui o ka wai (ma muli o ka hopena, ʻo ka neʻe o nā mea nui o nā mea hoʻomehana nui o nā wai o ka waiʻaila - nitrates - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 5-10 mg / l). Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, hiki i nā poʻe ʻōpio ke loaʻa wale i 1 cm kahi lōʻihi. E like me nā mākua, ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi ʻano pelagic, akā ma kahi kokoke i ka lalo a i ʻole nā hale noho. I ka mua, ʻo ka pānaʻi "graze" ʻaʻole i mamao loa mai nā māka pua, akā i ka manawa e hiki ai i 2-3 cm ua pana kē ʻia lākou e nā mākua, ka mea i piha o ia manawa i ke kiaʻi ʻana me ka pale aʻe. ʻIke ʻia nā poʻe ʻōpio i ka ʻōpiopio ʻole, hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ke kaumaha - "catty" pain. Ma ke ala, i ka pākeke, ke hōʻike nei ʻo ia iā ia iho wale nō i nā mea makaʻu a i nā hanana ʻē aʻe paha. ʻO ka piʻu o nā caudopunctuses he mau lā. ʻO kēlā me kēia neʻe koʻikoʻi i kahi o ka aquarium e hōʻike i kahi hopena no ka mea ʻano like o nā lamprologuses i loko o lākou: ka wikiwiki wikiwiki - a ʻaʻohe iʻa (kahi wahi ma ka ʻōpū). Pēlā paha e kōkua i ka hana maoli i pakele mai nā mea wīwī. No ka hala ʻana i ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka makemake o L. caudopunctatus e like me nā mākua a ma kahi o 2 mau mahina paha ua loaʻa hou lākou i ko lākou kala. He mea weliweli loa ke ʻike i kahi pālahalaha 2-centimeter e hana ana e like me ka iʻa ma ka pākeke pākeke: hāmama kona waha a hāmama kona mau pūpū, i mea e nānā hou aku ai. E noho nei i ke kūloheloheʻO ka manawa mua, ʻo ka geophagus ʻulaʻulaʻula i hopu i nā ʻano kaiāulu Kelemania (Christop Seidel a me Rainer Harnoss), i ka muliwai Tapajos, ma ka hikina Brazil. Ka puka ʻāpana ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa like me ke kala, ua hōʻike ʻia i hala ma ke ʻano he G. sp. 'Kaʻina ʻona o Araguaia', aia e noho nei i ka papa nui o ka muliwai o Tokantins. E kahe ana ke kahawai ʻo Shingu ma waena o Tapajos a me Tocantins, i alakaʻi ʻia ai he subspecies ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa ʻike ʻia no kekahi mau mea e ʻaʻa ʻia ka ʻulaʻulaʻula, a noho ke noho i lalo haʻahaʻa o ke kahawai ʻo Tapajos a me kāna mau alakaʻi, nā Arapiuns a me Tokantins. ʻO ka muliwai ʻo Arapiuns kahi wai ākea maʻamau ma Amazonia, me ka wai ʻeleʻele, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka pH haʻahaʻa, a me nā kiko o nā tannins a me nā tannins, e hāʻawi ai i ka wai i ʻulaʻula. Ma ke papa nui, aia ʻo Tapajos i kapa ʻia ʻo wai keʻokeʻo, me ka pH kūlohelohe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā he kīʻaha kiʻekiʻe o ka pālolo a me ka silt, hoʻopiʻi i kona ʻano keʻokeʻo. I nā kūlana ʻelua, ʻo ka home punahele maikaʻi loa o ka geophagus ʻulaʻulaʻula ka wahi i ke kahakai, me ka pulu ʻuku a i ʻole kahikaha. Mamuli o ka hale, loaʻa nō hoʻi ma ke ala, i waena o nā pōhaku a me nā wahi me ka nui o ka mea kanu maloʻo i ka lalo. I ka komo ʻana o nā kahe o nā Tapajos a me Arapiuns, ua ʻike ʻia nā ala ʻulaʻula ma ka wai mālamalama (ʻike ʻia a hiki i 20 mau mika), me kahi papa maʻalahi, a me kahi ʻūhā e kau ai nā pali pōhaku, me nā ʻōlelo he lōʻihi o ka one ma waena o lākou. He nui nā mea kanu a me nā ʻeke, kahi hopena kūlohelohe o ka wai, a me nā iʻa kolohe manu ʻelemakule a ʻelua, a ʻulu nā ʻōpio a me nā mea aloha i nā kula a hiki i ka 20 mau kanaka. ʻO keʻanoʻO nā geophaguses ʻulaʻulaʻula i hiki i ka nui o 20-25 cm.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui, no lākou i loaʻa ai ka inoa, he wahi ʻulaʻula ma ke poʻo. ʻO nā dorsal a me nā caudal kīwī me nā kāʻei ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻāpana turquoise. Hele nā ʻōpū polanewa ma ke kino, kahi wahi ʻeleʻele i waenakonu o ke kino. Ke noʻonoʻo nei e noho nei ka iʻa i loko o kahi ʻohana, a ʻoi aku ka nui, a laila no ka mālama pono ʻia ʻoe e ka ana aku he 400 ka lita. ʻO ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa o ka hoʻonani. Pono e ʻoluʻolu, a hoʻoneʻe i ka wai kahawai, nā mea ʻulaʻula i hoʻohuihui mau ʻia a hoʻōla i ka wai. Inā he nui aʻe ka lepo, a laila e loaʻa ia i loko o ka waha, a pōkole wale iā ia, a laila hoʻi, inā he liʻiliʻi iki. Hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ʻo Gravel, ma waena ona. ʻO ke koena o ka hoʻonaninani aia ma kāu e noʻonoʻo ai, akā e pili ana i ka biotope a me nā mea kupaianaha loa. ʻO Driftwood, echinodorus, nā pōhaku nui. He mālamalama i hoʻomohala ʻia, ka ʻū ʻana ma ka papa o nā mea kanu a koho pono ʻia - ʻike ʻia ka ʻike. ʻO ka maʻamau o kēia mau wahi ka i loaʻa o ka nui o nā lau i hāʻule i lalo, akā inā i ka ulaula, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe kekahi, ke kuhi nei kēia me nā kuʻuna o nā lau e kahe ʻana ma ka manea a me ka pipi i ka kānana a me nā wai. Ke koi nui nei lākou i ka uku kaulike ma nā ʻukena a me nā hakahaka i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka holo ʻana iā lākou i loko o ka hale kaupaona pono. Ma koʻu iho iho, hoʻomaopopo wau ua hoʻopuka wau iā ia i loko o kahi hou, ua ola ka iʻa, akā ua make me ka decoy, ka paʻakikī a mālama lōʻihi. Pono pono kahi kānana o waho a me ka loli ʻana o ka wai maʻamau, a he mea nui ka kānana mekanika no ka mea waho, inā ʻaʻole ʻo nā poʻo ʻulaʻula e hana wikiwiki. - ke kapu 26 - 30 ° C
- pH: 4.5 - 7.5
- paʻapū 18 - 179 ppm
HānaiPāluulu nā Bentophages i ka ʻāina hilo a me ka silt ma o nā mea kanu, a ʻai pū i nā iniseti e ulu ana me kēia ala. ʻO nā ʻōpū o nā mea i hopu ʻia i loko o nā mea i loaʻa i ke ʻano o nā iniseti a me nā mea kanu - hua, detritus. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, no nā geophaguses kaila he koʻikoʻi. Keli lākou i loko ona a ʻimi no ka ʻai. I ka wā mua, ua kali lākou iaʻu ma lalo, mai ka wā ma mua i noho lākou i ka hale hoʻokaʻawale me ka iʻa lohi. Akā, hoʻomaopopo koke lākou ua pono e hilahila me nā mea kālai ʻia a hoʻomaka e piʻi i nā papa kiʻekiʻe a waenakonu o ka wai i ka wā e hānai ai. Akā, ke hāʻule ka meaʻai i ka lalo, makemake wau e hānai iā ia mai ka lepo. ʻIke ʻia kēia i ka wā i hāʻawi ʻia ai nā pahu liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohuli maoli kekahi hipa i kahi a lākou i hāʻule ai. ʻAi lākou i ka ola, ke kō a me ka meaʻai hoʻonaʻauao (i ʻike ʻia ua ilona lākou). ʻAi lākou i nā mea a pau mai iaʻu, ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa ka nele. He mea makemake nui ia e hānai i nā ʻano o ke ʻano, i ka wā e ulu ai lākou, ka mea e hoʻōla i nā mea kanu. Hoʻopilikia nui nā Geophaguses i nā hexamitosis a me nā tapajos. A me kahi ʻano ʻai like ʻole a i ka wā e hānai ai i ka ʻai kiki, hiki ke emi ka nui o ka maʻi. KūlikePōmaikaʻi kaʻi, i loko o ka haleana no ka hoʻopili pū ʻana, hoʻonaninani nā kāne i kahi hōʻike o ka ikaika, ʻaʻole naʻe me ka hōʻeha a me ka hakakā. Ke kupanaha nei, e komo pū ai nā redheads a me nā neons, mai hoʻopono i ka iʻa, inā inā ma kahi liʻiliʻi he mau kenekahi o ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā iʻa kūpono e hoʻopau ʻole, akā maikaʻi loa e mālama ʻia me nā iʻa e noho ana ma ka Amazon - nā hōʻoki, nā alaka, nā cichlids liʻiliʻi. E lilo lākou i ulu kūleʻa i ka wā spawning, mālama i kā lākou pūnana. ʻAno hānauHoʻopau nā geophaguses i ulaula i ka lepo, honi ka wahine i nā hua ma kona waha. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā ʻano kūikawā no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawaiʻa; ʻo ka mālama maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai, pono e hoʻololi ʻia i kēlā me kēia pule, hana pono. No ka mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi wahine mai ke kāne kāne i ka wā ʻōpio, kūʻai lākou i kahi ʻohana, ʻoiai no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka pili ʻana o kā iʻa i nā iʻa a hoʻokumu i kā lākou hierarchy. Aia ka Courtship a puni ka wahine, e pālahalaha ana i nā gills a me nā pā, a me nā manawa maʻamau. No ka liki, hiki iā lākou ke koho i nā ʻalā a i ʻole ka pōhaku, a me lalo o ka aku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kahua i koho ʻia a hoʻomalu ʻē aʻe mai nā komo mai. Ka spawning i ka mea maoli e waiho ka wahine i nā lālani o nā hua, a lohi ʻo ke kāne iā ia, ua hana hou ʻia ka ʻano hana me nā manawa he nui. Ma hope o ka spawning, noho kokoke ka wahine i nā hua, pale iā ia, a pale ke kāne i ka ʻāina mamao loa. Ma hope o nā hola 72, e hāpau ka palaoa, a lawe koke ka wahine i loko o kona waha.Ma hope o ka ʻauʻau kāne, hoʻokaʻawale ka mālama ʻana i ka hua i ka hapalua, akā āpau wale nō i ke kāne, pili ʻia kekahi poʻe ma mua, ʻoi aku kekahi. Hoʻokele kekahi mau wahine i ke kāne kāne a mālama pono i ka ʻōmole wale nō. I nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, hoʻokaʻawale ka makua i ka ʻikepili a hoʻololi pinepine iā lākou; Hoʻomaka ka Fry ma kaʻauʻau ma hope o nā lā 8-11 a hoʻokuʻu nā mākua iā lākou e hānai, e hoʻonui mālie ana i ka manawa. Inā hele mai ka pōʻino, hāʻawi lākou i kahi hōʻailona i nā pōkole a pīpī koke i loko o ka waha. Hūnā ʻia lākou i ka pala i ko lākou waha no ka pō. Aka, i ka wā e ulu ana, ka lōʻihi o ka wā e hoʻomoe ai a ka palaoa, a palu lākou i nā mākua. Maʻalahi ka mea e hānai i ka palaoa, ʻai ʻia lākou i ka cereal, artemia nauplii, microworms a pēlā aku. Inā i hele wale ka spawning i ka aquarium laulā, ʻoi ʻia e wehe i ka wahine i loko o kahi kīʻaha hoʻokaʻawale, ʻo ka pīkī e lilo i mea maʻalahi ma nā kahu ʻē aʻe. Pālā wai waiHe unsetentious ka Geofagus i nā kūlana wai, hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻōhua wai. Aineia e hookomo: - ke kauwela 26 - 28 ° C,
- kaomi 5.5 - 7.5 pH,
- paʻapū 20 - 180 ppm.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻokumu i ka hopena o ka kahe i loko o ka mea aku, no laila e hōʻoluʻolu ʻo ka iʻa. No ka saturation o ka wai me ka lewa a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, koi ʻia kahi kānana ikaika a me ka ʻōnaehana uku. Nā mea kanuAia nā pilikia me nā mea kanu. Pono e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻōlohelohe o nā tapajos, a hiki i nā mea kanu. I mea e pale ai i kēia, e'ōlelo ʻia e kau i nā mea kanu i loko o ka mea kanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā mea kanu i hiki ke ulu ma luna o nā snags (no ka laʻana, mokulele Java). ʻAʻole iʻoki ka lau o ka iʻa. ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loa no ka lepo he one no ka muliwai. ʻAʻole pono nā kau ʻo Pebbles, ka iʻa, e hoʻāʻo ana e rummage ma waena o ia mea, hiki ke hōʻeha i kā lākou waha. Loaʻa nā hoʻololiʻOi aku ka nui o nā keu ma mua o nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou mau ʻōpio ʻulaʻula, ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā filamen ma ka caudal a me nā dorsal fin. Hoʻomaka ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻana i ka wā e hiki ai ke aniani i ka 5 cm. Pehea pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ke kāne i loko o ke pālī. ʻO ka maʻi a me ka ʻihiʻO ka ikaika o ke geophaguses he ikaika. Ehia mau ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano e pili ana i ka hānai a me nā kūlana. ʻO ke ola he ola i kekahi mau makahiki. Mahele wale ʻo Tapajos inā ʻaʻole i kūlike nā kūlana o ka paʻa i ka mea i ʻae ʻia. ʻO nā maʻi e hiʻona o nā cichlids i hiki mai. Ua hoʻokaʻawale koke kahi maʻi maʻi mai nā wahi olakino. I ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka make mau a me ka make o nā holoholona ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka wai, ʻo kāna haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka nitrates a me ka ammonia. No ka pale aku, pono ia e mālama i nā kānana kūpono a me nā hoʻoweliweli, mai poina e pili ana i ka loli ʻana o ka wai maʻamau. ʻOiai e mālama pono ana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, noho lōʻihi nā geophaguses, ʻoluʻolu me ko lākou nani a me nā helehelena mua. Hoike ʻikeʻO Geophagus (Geophaginae) - he hui iʻa ʻia mai loko mai o ka ʻohana Tsikhlov. Aia kekahi me nā genera pili kokoke e noho nei i ʻAmelika Hema a uaʻokoʻa ʻē ʻia i ka nui o ke kino, ka ʻoniʻoni, a me ke ʻano. Aia ka inoa o ka hui mai nā huaʻōlelo Helene ʻelua "geos" - ʻāina a me "phagus" - ʻai. No laila, ʻo ka geophagus he "eater." Hōʻike ka inoa Latin i kahi ʻano maʻamau o nā lālā a pau o ka ʻohana e ʻoki i ke one mai lalo o nā muliwai. ʻO ka mea he nui o nā invertebrates - nā pepeke manuahi, nā ʻōpala, a me nā mollusks - e noho ana ma luna o nā aniani a me ka silly. Hāpai ʻo Geophaguses iā lākou me kahi ʻāpana o ka substrate a kānana i nā mea maikaʻi loa a pau i ka waha, a holo aku ke one ma o nā hue. Mahalo nui ʻia nā Geophaguses e nā mea aloha cichlid, ʻoiai inā e koi kekahi mau holoholona i nā aquariums me ka nui o ka 400-500 lita. Ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano makua. KālekaʻO kahi Geophaguses kahi ikaika ikaika, hoʻopili ʻia ma hope. ʻO keʻano hiʻohiʻona he poʻo conical me nā maka kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohui pinepine ia i kahi pū momona momona. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka waha me nā lehelehe kikokiko, hoʻoponopono ʻia e ʻai i ka meaʻai mai lalo. Kūleʻa ʻia nā peʻalā, hoʻonui ʻia nā dorsal mai ke poʻo a hoʻonui i ka huelo. Hoʻokomo wale ka fin caudal, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana nui loa. Hoʻopau nā hope o ka pectoral me nā kūmole kohoorm like like. ʻO ka nui o nā geofagus he cm ka cm, akā he nui nō hoʻi nā mea nui e ulu ana a hiki i 30 cm. ʻO ka hoʻohālike Geophagus. Kāleka ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka kino o ke kino o ka geophagus. Aia kahi ʻano me ka melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, oliva, ʻalā a me nā kala ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka noʻonoʻo metallic o nā wahi ākea e pālahalaha ana i ka kino o ke kino a me nā ʻoli, ma nā ʻano laina. He wahi ʻeleʻele liʻuliʻu nā mea kanu i nā ʻano he nui. He nāwaliwali ka male ʻana. Loaʻa ka ola i loko o ka mea kanu i ka 15 makahiki.
HoʻaihoʻO nā Geophaguses ka poʻe i noho ma nā wahi kūlike a me nā wahi pae ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma nā nui o nā kahe o nā muliwai nui - ka Amazon a me Orinoco. Noho nā Geophaguses i kekahi mau ʻano biotopes: hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā muliwai me nā manawa wikiwiki, a i nā kahawai pulu me nā "ʻeleʻele" wai nui, waiwai i nā mea humic mai nā lau o nā lau a me nā lālā. ʻAʻole hana ka palena kānāwai i kahi hana kūikawā no ka iʻa. Hiki i kekahi mau manu ke ʻānai i nā pō i ke ahiahi i ka mahana o ka wai i ka + 10 ° C. Geophagus Steindachneri (Geophagus steindachneri)Noho kahi noho i ka'āpana o nā Colombia hou. ʻO kahi biotope ʻano maʻamau ka wai i hoʻomaha mālie me kahi papahele one. ʻOkoʻa ke kala ʻulaʻula i ka ʻulaʻula i ka ʻulaʻula hoʻi ma ka hapa o ka noho ʻana. Ulu ka iʻa i ka 11-15 cm. No nā kāne pākahi, kahi ulu momona i luna o ke poʻo i keʻano. Steindahner Geophagus ʻO Geophagus ʻulaʻula (Geophagus sp. Tapajos)ʻAʻole loaʻa i kēia ʻano ʻatikala piha piha, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo komersial geophagus red-head Tapazhos. Noho ka iʻa ma Brazil, ua loaʻa nā mea maʻamau mua i ka muliwai Tapajos, kahi mai ka inoa kumu. E makemake i ka wai ʻeleʻele "ʻeleʻele" a me kahi manawa kūpono. Hiki iā lākou ke ulu a hiki i 20-25 cm. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa ka wahi ʻulaʻula ulaula ma ke poʻo. ʻUlaʻulaʻula nā huluhulu me nā kaula kahalaha turquoise. Ma nā ʻaoʻao hiki ke ʻike ʻoe i nā kīwī pōkole palu a me, pinepine hoʻi i kahi wahi pouli ma hope o nā kahena. Kaomi akui kaila aku - mai 300 lita. Pahu ʻia nā cichlids i nā ʻohana. Geophagus ʻulaʻulaʻula Geofagus altifrons (Geophagus altifrons)ʻO ka hale kūlohelohe kahi e komo ai ka Basin River River Negro. E makemake nā iʻa i nā ʻāpana o nā kahawai me ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka wai maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka nui loa o ka altofrons geophagus he 22 cm. Hiki nō ke kala i ka ʻāina i loaʻa ai a hiki ke hoʻololi i ka polū a i ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism seksual. ʻO ka nui i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka mālama ʻana ma kahi o 500 lita. I ka hui ʻana i kahi aku nui, hoʻemi ka nui o ka hoʻonāukiuki. I nā nohona pōʻino, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā poʻe ikaika i nā mea nāwaliwali. ʻO ka hoʻohālike Geophagus Geophagus surinamese (Geophagus surinamensis)Ma ke kūlohelohe, hiki ke loaʻa i kēia ʻano o ka geophagus ma nā ʻauwai wai e kahe ana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Suriname a me Guiana Farani. Noho lākou i ka ʻaoʻao o lalo, e like me ke kahe wikiwiki ʻana a me ka subeke i hoʻomili ʻia. ʻO nā iʻa nui hiki ke ulu i 30 cm ke lōʻihi. Kahu ke kino mai ke oliva mau i ke hina hina me ka poli i ke kāwili polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He nāwaliwali ka male ʻana. No ka mālama pono ʻia, pono ʻoe i ka hale aku o ka 500 lita. I kahi pahu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i ka iʻa 5-8. Hoʻohui maopopo lākou lākou e ke ʻano mālie, kūlia wale nō i ka manawa spawning. ʻO Geofagus Surinamese Geophagus Brazil (Geophagus brasiliensis)ʻO kekahi o nā geophaguses maikaʻi loa e loaʻa ma ke kūkulu hema o Brazil a me Uruguay. Noho ka iʻa ma nā wahi kahakai a hiki i ka lalo o nā muliwai. Ua kapa ʻia ka Brazil geophagus me ka ʻoki cichlid no ka nui turquoise luna o ke kino. Hiki i ka nui o nā kāne ke hiki i 25 cm, ʻōpō ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine - ʻoi aku ka 15 cm. E mālama i kahi iʻa iʻa āu e pono ai ka punawai wai o 300 lita. ʻAʻole i like me kekahi mau geophaguses ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻohana hānai. Hiki i ka iʻa i hoʻonoho ʻia a i ʻole ma kahi ʻelua, inā i hana ʻia kekahi. ʻO ka makana ke ʻano, inā lawa i ka manawa spawning. No ka mālama pono ʻana me nā mea ʻē aʻe, pono ʻoe i ka hale hoʻonaʻu o ka liʻiliʻi he 500 lita me nā keʻena he nui. Geophagus Brazil Geophagus balzanii (Gymnogeophagus balzanii)ʻIke ʻia ʻo Geofagus balsani ma nā muliwai ʻAmelika Hema o Parana, Paraguay, Guapor. Makemake nā poʻe hoʻihoʻi kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka hala o ka iʻa e kapa ʻia he mālamalama. Ke kino ʻana ke kino me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli e pālahalaha aʻe. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino he 5-8 mau ʻōuli puli hewa. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa ma ka aquarium he 20 cm. Halemai cichlid, hele maikaʻi me ka proporsate o nā iʻa. Nā alakaʻi Balsani geophaguses i noho i kahi ola benthic, akā, ʻaʻole e like me ko lākou mau pili pili ponoʻī loa, ʻaʻole panu i ka lepo. No ka mālama pono ʻia, pono ʻoe i ka aku kaona o 300 lita. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻole ʻo Males i kekahi i kekahi, no laila he nui aku ka wahine. A ʻo, no laila pono e hoʻonohonoho i kahi nui o nā pā. ʻO Geophagus Balzani Geophagus Weinmiller (Geophagus winemilleri)ʻO kēia ʻano cichlid i nā kahawai ʻo Orinoco kahi lōkahi i loko o nā ʻukena nui. Makemake nā mea e noho i nā muliwai me ka wai maʻemaʻe ma ke kahawai nā wai mālie. ʻO kahi nānā nui e hiki ke piʻi a hiki i 20 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu nui ke kino keokeo-ʻeleʻele me nā lālani o nā poli polū. Ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele nui. He nāwaliwali ka male ʻana. Mālama ʻia ʻo ia i loko o nā hui liʻiliʻi (a hiki i 5 mau kanaka) i loko o ka hale kai mai 500 lita. He kulana maluhia ia. Weinmiller Geophagus ʻO ka mālama a me ka mālamaʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā e noho ka geophagus i kahi aquarium i nā pua o 5 a 15 mau kanaka. I kēlā mau kūlana, e hōʻoluʻolu lākou i ka mea hiki. E hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ka iʻa a ikaika. Ma ke ala, hiki i kekahi ke nānā i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pilina hierarchical ma waena o kēlā me kēia, a me nā manawa o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke kūleʻa nui ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o nā geophaguses, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka aquarium a ma kahi o 300 lita, kūpono mai 500. Nui nā ʻano o nā geophaguses e koi ʻO ke kumu nui e koho pono ai i ka lepo. ʻO ka makemake e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka iʻa ma ke kumulāʻau, ʻoiai me ka kīnā o ka cichlids ʻaʻole pono ke loaʻa kūʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻo ke one quartz maikaʻi loa ke koho maikaʻi loa, e ʻae ana i nā geophaguses e hūlū malū ʻia ma loko o nā kaohi. ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loa no ka nānā kuʻu, ʻo ia ka driftwood kūlohelohe a me nā pōhaku, e hana ai i nā hale nani. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā Snag no ka hoʻokuʻu i nā tannins i loko o ka wai. Ke kāʻili nei e ka lepo geophagus, no laila, hoʻokaʻina i kekahi mau mea pili i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea ola i ka hoʻolālā. Hiki i nā iʻa ke kahalulu i nā aʻa o ka ulu lāʻau, kahi e kū ai ka mea kanu. ʻO ka pinepine o nā mea i loko o ka hale aku me kēia cichlids e hoʻohana i ka anubias, cryptocorynes, echinodorus. ʻO nā mea ʻelua hope loa i kanu ʻia i loko o nā kahe e pale ai i ka hoʻopōʻino. Pono ke Geophagus lepo lepo ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ke kukui, koho ʻia nā geophaguses i kahi pōkole mālamalama. Pono e hoʻonohonoho i ka kānana kūpono i ka aquarium. Eia hou, pili pū me ke ʻano o ka iʻa i ʻeli i ke one. I ka wā o kēia mau kaʻina hana, e piʻi ka nui o ke kāpili ʻia i ka wai, e hana ai i nā hōʻino kino inā ʻaʻole ia i kānana i ka manawa. No kēia kumu, he mea pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia hoʻi i lalo o ka hale i loko o nā hale hoʻomaha. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ka wai me ka oxygen, no ka mea, he mau ʻano ikaika ka geophaguses. Kēia maoli nō kēia i nā ʻano holoholona e noho nei i nā kahawai me kahi manawa wikiwiki. Pono pono ke hoʻoponopono kānāwai i ka wā e mālama ana i ka geophaguses thermophilic. ʻO nā ʻōmole wai kūpono no ka ʻike, ʻo: T = 24-27 ° C, pH = 6.5-7.5, GH = 6-18.
Pono ʻia nā loli i ka hebedoma e mālama i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wai. No nā mea makemake i nā loko wai me nā wai ʻeleʻele uliuli, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia o kahi conditioner me kahi wai hoʻolaʻa kūlohelohe - Tetra ToruMin - he mea pono. Koi a hoʻohuiMaikaʻi maikaʻi nā geophaguses i ka home. Hoʻohui maʻamau kēia i ka aquarium laulā. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pakanalua me ka ʻōpala ʻana o nā geophaguses. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i nā "pāʻoihana" like ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana ma muli o ka ʻano o ka ʻano o ka iʻa. Puberty ka hana ma geophaguses i ke makahiki he hoʻokahi makahiki. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka spawning, loaʻa i nā kāne kahi waiwai nui a hoʻonohonoho i nā hula laʻa, nā hōʻiliʻili kālā a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā pala. I ka wā spawning, hōʻike pinepine ka iʻa i ka ʻano kūlike. ʻO kahi hoʻouluʻana i ka spawn kahi e hoʻonui ai i ke aniani a me kahi piʻi o nā loli wai. ʻIke ka papa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi kūpono nona iho, kahi i waiho ai ka wahine i nā hua he 200. ʻO Geophagus kahi huaʻōlelo o nā mākua: ma hope o ka lohi ʻana, hōʻiliʻili kekahi o nā mākua i ka huaʻī ma ka waha, kahi e hana ai ka incubation, ka mau lā 10-14 mau lā. Ke waiho nei ka pipi i ka lua o ka makua a hiki i ke hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou ʻeke huaʻai, ma hope o ko lākou hoʻomaka ʻana e ʻauʻau. Eia nō naʻe, no kahi mau pule, he mau pēpē huna ma ka waha o nā pākeke i ka hōʻailona mua o ka pōpilikia.
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