ʻO ka Donkey Wild (Equus asinus) i nā wahi i hala aku nei, akaka, ua pālahalaha loa ma nā wao nahele o ʻApelika ʻAmelika. ʻO kēia ʻano kūpuna o kahi hoki nūnū i nā ʻano ʻōlima o kahi holoholona lōʻihi, ulu ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi lio (ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo 1.1-1.4 m), me ke poʻo kaumaha, ʻakiʻoki wāwae, me ka mane liʻiliʻi e hele wale ana i nā pepeiao. ʻO ka huelo o ka hoki paha ka puhulu o nā lauoho elongated i hala. He hina hina ke kala, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lawehala he kolala ʻeleʻele, kahi i maloʻo ai i kekahi manawa ke kamaʻilio pū me nā kaula poʻohiwi ʻokoʻa.
I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia nā ʻelua mauʻu o ka hoki i ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā puʻu mai ke kahakai o ke Kaiʻula, ma Somalia, Eritrea a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoki i ka pua a Somali (E. a. Somalicus) i ka ʻāmiʻi a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka kala. Aia kona wāwae i kahi ʻeleʻele. Na nā haneli he nui i mālama ʻia ke kokoke loa i ke kahakai ʻo ke Kaiʻula o Aden ma Somalia a inā paha ma ʻAitiopa.
ʻO ka hoki ka nubian Nubian (E. a. Africanus) ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka waihoʻoluʻu ma mua, ʻoi aku ka "dorsal cross" i māhele ʻia ma Eritrea, Sudan a me ʻAsia ʻĀpia. Aia kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o kona kaona i waena o ka Sahara, ma ka palena ʻo Libya a me Nigeria. ʻOi paha ka hapa nui o nā holoholona i ʻike ʻia ma nā makahiki he nui he mau holoholona home manu. ʻAʻole aneane holoʻokoʻa ka hoki ʻo ka hoki. Noho ma ka wao nahele a me ka semi-wao, kahi nui ia e hānai ai i nā lau uahiwi. Mālama ʻia lākou, e like me nā zebras, e nā ʻohana ʻohana, ma kahi he 10 mau mares a hele i ʻōpio hele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana he stallion. E makaʻala loa a puni pinepine.
ʻO ka hoki kaiaulu, a i ʻole ka hoki, i ka hana i kūpaʻa ʻia e like me nā subspecies i komo, he ʻokoʻa nui i ka lei a me ka nui. Aia nā lāhina, ʻeleʻele, nā ʻeleʻele uliuli, akā ʻoi aʻe ka hina o nā lei a pau. Hiki iā lākou ke pulou i kaʻaila, lōʻihi, a me ke kaila hoʻi. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka hoki i hana ma kekahi wahi ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o Egypt a me ʻAitiopaia i ka Upper Neolithic 5-6 tausani mau makahiki i hala. Kuhi ʻia nā hoki nā home i mua o nā lio a no ka lōʻihi ke ʻano nui o nā holoholona halihali. I ʻAigupita kahiko, ʻo Mesopotamia a me Asia Minor, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou e like me ka holo ʻana a ʻohi i nā holoholona no nā kenekulia he nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hoki i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpiopio o ʻAigupita.
Ua lilo ka poʻe donkey i loko o Central Asia a meʻEulopa ma kahi lōʻihi aku, e komo pū ana me Greece, ʻo Italia, Sepania a me Farani Farani, kahi lōʻihi lākou i loaʻa ai i ka mea kaulana. ʻO nā nūnū ikaika a me nā moʻo kulo o ka hoki nā mea i kū i ka hale, e like me Khomad - i Iran, Catalan - i Sepania, Bukhara - i Central Asia. Hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻōlohelohe i nā kānaka ma nā ʻāina me ka maloʻo wela, a me nā kauwela wela a me nā haʻalulu pōkole. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae i ka malulu a me ka ua ʻana i ka ua lōʻihi. Ma ke ʻano he holoholona e hana ana i nā ʻāina wela, he nui nā pono o ka hoki: ʻo ka paʻakikī, ʻaʻole ia e koi i ka meaʻai, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka maʻi, a paʻa hoʻi. Ma ke ʻano he holoholona no ka hana liʻiliʻi a me nā hana paʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole i nalowale ka hoki i ka ʻike a hiki i kēia manawa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka poʻe ʻōlohelohe ma nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika (inā paha ma North, East a me South) a ʻo ia hoʻi, ma South West Asia, ma ke kūkulu hema o North and South America.
ʻO ka huelo i loko o ka home i ka puna a me ke kauwela kauwela. Ma hope o 12,5 mahina, lawe mai ka hoki i hoʻokahi ʻōlima, ʻo ka mea hānai i ka waiū a hiki i 6 mau mahina. Ua pili ʻo ia iā ia. Kūpono ka ʻōlei i ka ulu piha ʻana o ka makahiki ʻelua mau makahiki, akā lilo ʻia ke hana ma ke ʻano he 3 mau makahiki. I ka wā i hala aku nei, mai ka manawa ʻo Homer, he kaʻa ma waena o ka hoki a me kahi lio, he moʻo, ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he lehe kekahi i waena o ka hoki a me ka mare, a ʻo ka pūlani ka ʻalā a me ka hoki. Eia naʻe, pinepine ka laka ma waena o ka hoki a me kahi lio i kapa ʻia he molila. ʻAʻohe nā papa manu, no laila e loaʻa iā lākou pono ʻoe e mālama mau i nā mea hana - nā hoki a me nā lio. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka mule, ʻo ia ke kala mau me he hoki, akā he ikaika nō ka lio maikaʻi. Ua ulu nui ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka mahiʻai ʻana ma Farani, Helene, Italia, nā ʻāina o Asia Minor a me ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i helu ʻia ai nā miliona o kēia mau holoholona.
No ka mea ua hāʻawi mua ʻia ka inoa ʻo Equus asinus K. Linney i ka makahiki 1758 i ka hoki "Middle East" i pili i kēia inoa, ʻaʻole pili kēia inoa i kekahi o nā loina o ka hoki a ʻAmelika - ʻo ia ka kūpuna o ka home. Loaʻa nā manaʻo o nā poʻe loea e pili ana i ka helu o nā subspecies, helu kekahi iā lākou i elima. Ua ʻae mākou iā ʻekolu i ʻaneʻi, o ia mea, kekahi o ka hoki puaʻa Algerian (?. A. ʻAloko.) I ka ʻā ma mua o Algeria a me nā ʻāina a puni ʻo Atlas, ua nalowale loa i ka lōʻihi (ma ka nahelehele, malia paha mai ka manawa o ke Aupuni Roma o ka kenekulia III.), ʻOiai kona koko, e like me nā subspecies i koe, ke waiho mau 'ana i loko o ka hoki.
Hōʻanoʻike
ʻAʻole e like me kahi lio, he hoki ka hoki o nā hoki i hoʻohuli ʻia i kahi papahele a pono ʻole. Kōkua lākou i ka neʻe hou aku i ka palekana, akā ʻaʻole kūpono no ka holo wikiwiki. Eia naʻe, i kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kahi hoki ke hiki aku i ka wikiwiki o 70 a mauka. Hele mai nā ʻīlio mai nā ʻāina me nā climates. ʻAʻole ʻae lākou i kā lākou mau umu i ke aniani o ka Europa ʻōlima a hana pinepine i nā poho a me nā lua i hūnā ʻia. ʻO ka mālama nui ʻana i nā hoki o nā hoki nāu. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka pana ʻana iā lākou ma mua o nā lio.
Hiki i nā ʻumoku ke loaʻa i ka aahu hina, ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole ʻulaʻula; ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻōpū ma ka maka o ka maka, pili i ka mua o ka muzzle a me ka wahi i puni i nā maka. He mane paʻakikī a ʻo nā ʻīlio kekahi i ka pau. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pūkili ma mua o ka hoʻohālikelike. Holo ka pūuli ʻōuli ololi ma ke kua. ʻO kekahi mau subspecies i kekahi manawa he mau kaula - hoʻokahi ma nā poʻohiwi a he nui ma luna o nā wāwae.
Wahi a ka ʻohana, hiki lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe o 90 a 160 cm, a loaʻa i ka makemakika ka wahine ma ka makahiki o 2-2.5 makahiki. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hiki i ka mare ʻana he mau makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā hana pinepine ʻia i ka puna. Ma hope o ka manawa o 12 a 14 mau mahina o ka hōʻea, ua hānau hoʻokahi, ʻelua a ʻelua mau kime, i ka wā o 6 a 9 mau mahina e kūʻokoʻa ai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe mai nā lio, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka maka mua. ʻO kekahi o lākou he ʻāpana like ʻole o ka vertebrae. Eia kekahi, aia wale nō nā 31 o nā chromosome, aʻo ka lio he 32 mau chromosomona, a he haʻahaʻa ka nui o ke kino i ka pipi, ʻo 37 ° C ma mua o 38 ° C. He wā lōʻihi hoʻi nā hoki o nā hoki.
ʻO nā iwi nui a me ka feral
E like me nā pā lio, pono ia e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā hoki o ka holoholona hihiu a me ka manuahi. ʻO ka hapa ʻē o nā hoki nāu ka ʻāina i noho ma ke ʻākau ʻĀpana a me ʻAsia Komohana, akā ma muli o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i nalo aku lākou i ka wā o nā Roma kahiko. I ko mākou manawa, ola wale nō lākou ma ʻAitiopa, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia a me Sudan, kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i hoʻokele i kahi o ke kūlohelohe i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela. I nā makahiki 1980, ua helu ʻia ka heluna o nā hoki o ka hoki i kū hoʻokahi tausani a ua kū hou i kahi manawa. Ma Somalia, ʻo nā pōlio hihiu ma muli o ke kaua kīwila a me ka anarchy e hoʻopau loa ia: a ma ʻAitiopa a me Sudan, ʻo ia paha ka hopena e kali nei iā lākou ma kahi kokoke. 'O Eritrea wale nō ka aina me ka nui o ka heluna kanaka e holo mai ana, kahi i helu ai ko lākou helu he 400 mau kānaka.
ʻAʻole e like me nā hoki wahine maoli, ʻo nā kahe kai mua ma mua o nā wahi o ka honua. Aia pū kā lākou pae ma kēlā mau ʻāina kahi i aia ai nā hoki nāu, ʻoiai, e like me ka makaʻu o nā zoologists, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hui pū ʻana a me ka luku i ka "maʻi kūlohelohe" o ka hoki. Ma kahi o 1,5 miliona mau hoki nā koholā e kuʻi nei i nā kapuwai o Australia. Ma ke komohana hema ʻo ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia e pili ana i 6 tausani mau hoki i kapa ʻia nā burros a e pale ʻia hoʻi. ʻO kekahi o nā hapa nui o nā kaiāulu ʻEulopa e loaʻa ana ma Kipalakika ma ka puke ʻo Karpas Peninsula. He ʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha lākou i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pinepine ka loaʻa o nā zebra-like stripes ma ko lākou mau wāwae.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka hoki ʻōiwi ʻAmelika he 2 mau mika (6.6 mau wāwae) ka lōʻihi a he 1.25 a i ka 1,45 m (4 mau wāwae 1 a 4 mau wāwae 9 ʻehā) (12 a 14 mau wāwae) ke kiʻekiʻe i nā poʻohiwi, me kahi hiʻu o 30-50 mau kenimita (12-20 V) lōʻihi. Kona paona ma waena o 230-275 kg (510-610 paona). ʻO ka pāpale haʻahaʻa pōkole o ke kala hina i ka kala kala melemele, keokeo wikiwiki i ka keʻokeʻo ma nā wāwae haʻahaʻa. Aia kekahi poli dorsal manawaleʻa ma nā subspecies a pau, ʻoiai i ka hoki o ka holoholona nubian Nubian ( E. a. ʻApika ʻApika ), me he hoki nō hoʻi o ka hoki, aia kahi pale ma luna o ka poʻohiwi. ʻO nā ʻoni o kahi kaiāne Somali ( E. a. Somaliensis ) kahi kikoʻī kūlike me ke ʻeleʻele, e like me ka zebra. Ma ke kua o ke poʻo, aia ka mane koʻikoʻi, kūloko e paʻa ana nā lauoho me ka ʻeleʻele. Nui nā pepeiao i nā kihi ʻeleʻele. Pahu ʻia ka huelo me kahi palaʻai uliuli. He palupalu a nā pale nā mea like mai ka diameter, e like me nā wāwae.
Evolution
Kaukaʻikaʻi Hoʻohui , nā mea e pili ana i nā artiodactyl e ola nei, i manaʻoʻiʻo ia ka mea i iho mai Dinohippus , ma o kahi ʻano waena ʻO Plesippus . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻano mua Hoʻohui ʻia nā maʻalahi maʻalahi i wehewehe ʻia me ke poʻo lāʻau e like me zebra-like. ʻO ka fossil kahiko loa i kēia lā
3,5 miliona mau makahiki mai Idaho, USA. Kālaha ka laulā e pālahalaha wikiwiki loa i ka Honua Mua, me ke ʻano o ka makahiki like ʻO kahi kaulike livenzovensis palapala ʻia mai Western Europe a me Rūsia.
Hōʻike nā molylular phylogenies i nā kūpuna maʻamau o nā kūpuna i kēlā me kēia lā (nā lālā o ka huaʻāina Hoʻohui ) noho
5.6 (3.9-7.8) Mya. Hoʻomoe pololei i ka pehu paleogenomic o ka lio me ka pua metistodial o 700,000 mau makahiki mai Kanada e hōʻike hou ana i ka makahiki 4.07 Ma a i kēia manawa no ka moʻoʻōlelo hope loa (MRCA) e like ana mai ka 4,0 a 4,5 Ma BP. ʻO nā divergences kahiko he mau hemiones Asia (subgenus E. (Asinus) , e komo ana iā Kulan, Onager a me Kiang), ukali ʻia e nā ʻāpana ʻĀina o Aferika (subgenus E. (Dolichohippus) a E. (Hippotigris) ) ʻO nā ʻano āpau āpau hou, e komo pū ai nā lio domesticated (a me nā mea he nui Pliocene a me nā palapala Pleistocene) nona nā subgenus E. (Equus) ua hoʻohiki ʻia kēlā
4.8 (3.2-6.5) mau makahiki i hala.
He ʻauhau
Manaʻo nā mea kākau e like me ka hoki no ka hoki a me ka hoki nū ʻihi i loko o hoʻokahi ʻano ʻelua a ʻoi paha ka loiloi manu.
ʻO kekahi inoa o nā ʻano ʻiwi manu no Aferika i kekahi manawa i hāʻawi ʻia e paʻakai , mai kahi hoki e kū ai kona inoa koʻikoʻi a maʻamau e hele ʻo ia ma mua. Akā he kuhi hewa kēia hoʻohana ʻana, no ka mea i mālama ka inoa o ka International Commission ma Zoological Nomenclature i ka inoa Hoʻohālike ʻAmelika i ka hopena 2027. Hana ʻia kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka hilahila o ke kūlana o ka kūpuna phylogenetic i ka ʻauhau ʻauhau komo i loko o kāna ʻano mamo.
Pēlā, inā ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano, ʻo ka inoa ʻepekema pololei o ka hoki E. Kaila paʻakai .
ʻO ka inoa inoa mua no nā hoki keiki Aferika, ʻO Asinus africanus , ʻO Fitzinger, 1858, he potep nudum. Ke poʻo inoa ʻO ke kūpeʻe kueniopus Ua hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ʻo He Heuglin, 1861 i ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia, no ka mea, ua kau ʻia ʻo ia i nā holoholona ʻaʻole i hiki ke ʻike ʻia a aia kekahi heluna ma waena o ka hoki i loko a me ka hoki a kahi holoholona Somali, kahi ʻano i mālama ʻole ʻia. E lilo ka inoa inoa mua ʻO Asinus african von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866. ma ke kaukaukau e hōʻike ana: he ʻukepili i kahi wahine pākēnika i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e von Heuglin kokoke i ke awa o Atbara, Sudan, a ua kū nei ma State Museum of Natural History of Stuttgart, MNS 32026. ʻElua mau subspecies i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka hoki keiki makua Nubian. ecu kamaʻilio ʻAmelikausaʻo africanus (von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866), a me ka hoki holoholona hihiu o Somali ecu africanus somaliensis (Noack, 1884).
Hoʻaiho
He kūpono nā hoki nā ʻōiwi no ʻAmelika no ka noho ʻana i nā wahi neoneo a i ʻole nā ʻaoʻao semi-desert. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi papahana hoʻowalewale ikaika e hiki ai ke wāwahi i nā mea kanu wana a hoʻoili i ka wai mai ka meaʻai maikaʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka wai ʻole no kekahi manawa. Hāʻawi lākou i ko lākou mau pepeiao nui i ka manaʻo nui e lohe ai a e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomaha ʻana. Ma muli o nā mea ulu maikaʻi o ko lākou kaiāulu, noho like ka hoki ʻo nā ʻīlio hihiu ma waena o kēlā me kēia (koe wale nō nā māmā a me nā poʻe ʻōpio), i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole. He leo nui kā lākou na leo e hiki ke lohe ʻia no ka 3 km (1.9 mau mile), e kōkua ana iā lākou e launa pū me nā hoki ʻē aʻe ma luna o nā wahi ākea.
ʻAno lawehala
'Oi ka nui o ka puhika o' Amelika no ka manawa malū ma waena o ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka kakahiaka, e ʻimi ana i ka pale a me ka noho ʻana ma waena o nā puʻu pōhaku i ka wā. Ke ahonui a me ka nime kekahi a kahi Somali, he hiki ke hele koke i ka pali o ke kula a ma nā kuahiwi. Ma kahi pālahalaha, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka wikiwiki o 70 km / h (43 mph). E like pū me kēia mau hana, ikaika maoli kāna hana a ikaika loa nā manu.
Mālama nā kāne ʻōpio i nā wahi nui he nui a 23 paha mau kilomita ka nui, e hōʻailona ana iā lākou me kahi puʻupuʻu - he mākaʻikaʻi koʻikoʻi ma kahi pālahalaha pālahalaha. Ma muli o ka nui o kēia mau kaupalena, ʻaʻole hiki i ka kāne nui ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kāne ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea pinepine loa, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka poʻe hana mai - ua ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia lākou i poʻe subordinates, a ua pau loa nā mea āpau i kahi mamao a kekahi wahine. I ke alo o nā kāne estrous, e uē nui nā kāne. Ke ola nei kēia mau holoholona i nā bipi hemo a i ʻelima mau kānaka.
I ka manu hihiu, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā ʻīlio hihiu ʻAmelika i ka wā o ka ua. Hānau ʻia ka wahine e 11 a 12 mau mahina, ua hānau ʻia kahi foalima mai ʻOkakopa a Pepeluali. Wehe ʻia ka hū no 6 a 8 mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i ka wā puberty 2 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hāpai ka ola i nā 40 mau makahiki i ka noho pio ʻana.
Hiki i ka hoki nā holoholona e holo wikiwiki, aneane e like me ka lio. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e like me ka hapanui o ka poʻe lewa ʻole, ʻo kā lākou makemake, ke holo koke ʻole mai kahi kūlana e haki ʻia ana, akā no ka noiʻi ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mea e hana. I ka wā e pono ai iā lākou, hiki iā lākou ke pale iā lākou iho mai nā lāe o ko lākou mau wāwae e like me ka mua a me nā wāwae hope. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea waiwai ma Sumer e huki ai i nā kaʻa me kahi o 2600 BC, a laila holo i nā kaʻa e like me Ur Standard, ma kahi o 2000 SM Ua manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike aku i ka hoki, akā i kēia manawa, manaʻoʻiʻo nā hoki na nā keiki hale.
Ke ʻano kai
ʻO ka ʻai kai ʻōiwi ʻAmelika i mau mea kanu, lāʻau a me nā lau. ʻOiai ke hoʻohālikelike mua nei i ke ola ma ke aniani wela, ke hilinaʻi nei lākou i ka wai, a i ka wā ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa ka makika pono ʻia mai nā mea kanu, pono lākou e inu i ka manawa hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia lā ʻekolu. Eia naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke ola me ke kahaha me ka nui o nā wai, a ua hōʻike ʻia e inu i ka wai paʻakai a i ʻole ka mea pohihihi.
Ke kūlana ʻona
ʻOiai ʻaʻole i pau ka like ʻole o ka holoholona no ka nui o nā holoholona (ʻo nā hoki a me nā hoki), ʻo nā mea i koe o ka holoholona he lua a ʻoi ka hope. Ua hopu ʻia nā ʻīlio hihiu ʻAmelika no ka hoʻopili ʻana no nā kenekulia he nui, a me kēia, me ka ʻaihue ʻana i waena o nā holoholona hihiu a me ka home aloha, ua hoʻokala ʻia ka nui o ka heluna kanaka. He mau haneri kānaka keu i waiho ʻia ma ka nahele. Huli kēia mau holoholona no ka ʻai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna ma ʻAitiopa a me Somalia. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū me nā holoholona no ka ʻohiʻohi, a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā hanana ʻoihana mahiʻai, e hoʻoulu hou i nā hoʻoweliweli hou i ke ola ʻana o kēia ʻano. Mālama mau ka ʻōpiopio o ʻAmelika i nā kānāwai i kēia mau wahi i kahi e noho nei, ʻoiai naʻe he paʻakikī kēia mau hana e hoʻokō. He mālama ʻia ka nui o nā hoki mai nā holoholona noho ʻole o Somali i Yotvata Hai-Bar Nature Reserve ma ʻIseraʻela, ʻākau o Eilat. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia waihona mālama i ka makahiki 1968 me ke kumu o ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka heluna o nā mea i pau i ke kai make. Mālama loa ka heluna o nā lio a me nā hoki, a inā ʻoi ke mālama pono ʻia nā ʻano, hiki ke ola hou mai ka haʻahaʻa.
Ma ka noho pio ana
Aia ma kahi o 150 mau holoholona lōlani Somali e noho ana ma Zoos a puni ka honua, nona ka 36 i hānau ʻia ma Basel Zoo, kahi i hoʻomaka ai kēia ʻano papahana kīwī me ka mua o ka holoholona hihiu mua o Basel i ka makahiki 1970 a me ka hānau ʻana o kā lāua keiki mua i 1972.
Hola ʻo Zoo Basel i ka Buke Haʻawina ʻEropelika no Somali Wild Donkeys a hoʻonohonoho aku i ka Endangered Species European Program (EEP). ʻO nā hoki nā holoholona ʻōiwi a nā ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika nā keiki like ʻole o nā hui mua ma Basel Zoo a ʻo 12 paha i hele mai no ka High Bar Yotvat Nature Reserve ma ʻIseraʻela i ka makahiki 1972.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoki ʻōiwi ʻAmelika hihiu
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hoki o ka ʻāina ʻōiwi o ʻAmelika i kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe e ka muzzle o ke kala māmā, he mane ka mea ʻaʻole he bang a a kūpaʻa (ʻo nā ʻāpana o ka lauoho o ka mane he ʻeleʻele) a he mau pepeiao lōʻihi. Loaʻa kahi palena ma ka huelo o ka holoholona. ʻO ka ʻoi loa o ka hoki ka mau ʻōpala ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo, hōʻike kēia ʻano hōʻailona i kēia holoholona ʻo ka pili kokoke loa o ka zebra. Ua hiki i kekahi holoholona ʻoi aku kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 1.5 mika.
Holo i ka nohona o kēlā me kēia lā, hiki i kahi hoki, inā pono, a hiki i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 50 km / h
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Pili ka ʻili o ka pipi. Kūpono nā kūpuna iā lākou ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Paleogene: he mau pālule lākou a ua like lākou me ka dinosaurs ma mua o nā hoki a me nā lio - he holoholona momona ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ʻelua mau mika, he pōkole kona mau wāwae ʻelima mau wāwae, akā he ʻano like me ka hina. Mai ia mau mea ua hele mai nā eogippus - nā holoholona i noho i nā nahele nui i ka nui o nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi, i ka nui o nā manamana lima i loko o lākou a ʻehā ma nā wāwae mua a ʻekolu paha ma nā wāwae hind. Noho lākou ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a puka maila ka mesogippus - ua loaʻa iā lākou ʻekolu mau wāwae ma nā wāwae āpau. Wahi a nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, kokoke lākou e pili loa i ka epine hou.
Kōkua: Kauoha
Ma kēia manawa āpau, hele mālie ka ulu ʻana, a hele kahi loli nui ma Miocene, i ka wā e loli ai nā ʻano a me ke ʻano o nā kūpuna o nā lio i ka ʻai i nā mea maloʻo. A laila aia he merigippus - he holoholona iʻoi aku i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kūpuna e pili kokoke ana, ma kahi o 100-120 cm. ʻEkolu mau manamana lima, akā hilinaʻi wale i kekahi o lākou - ua kau mai kahi hāmeʻe ma luna ona, loli nā niho. A laila hele mai ka pliogippus - ka holoholona holoholona mua o kēia kuana. Ma muli o nā loli i nā nohona e neʻe nei, ua neʻe lākou mai ka ululāʻau e wehe i kahi ākea, e lilo i mea nui, e hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka holo wikiwiki a holo lōʻihi.
Hoʻomaka ka equine hou i kahi mea iā lākou ma kahi o 4.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO nā mea inoa mua o ka huaʻehā i ʻōlima a he poʻo pōkole loa, e like me ka hoki. ʻO kā lāua like i ka ʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema ʻana o ka hoki i hana ʻia e Karl Linnaeus i 1758, ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻo Equus asinus. ʻElua mau subspecies: ʻo Somali lāua ʻo Nubian - ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ʻeleʻele. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hiki mai nā nūhou i nā ʻenemi mai ka holo ʻana o nā ʻelele o kēia mau subspecies.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka hoki?
He ʻano like ke ʻano o ka lio hihiu. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoi iki ka haʻahaʻa - 100-150 cm, ʻelima mau lula lebrar ma mua o ʻeono, uaʻoi aʻe kona poʻo, a me ka haʻahaʻa o kona kino. ʻO ka palaka ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau ke kala ʻeleʻele i ka ʻeleʻele i ka kala. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā mea ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. ʻOi aku ka lezzle ma mua o ke kino, e like me ka ʻōpū. I ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka huelo he laki. ʻO ka mane he pōkole a kū pololei, he liʻiliʻi ka palu, a lōʻihi nā pepeiao. Aneane pinepine nā ʻūhā i nā wāwae - ma kēia kumu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoki hihiu mai nā hale ʻokoʻa; ʻaʻole hoʻi i hope.
He mea pono ʻole nā hoki o nā hoki nā ʻona: he maikaʻi loa ko lākou hele ʻana no ka huakaʻi ʻana ma luna o nā ʻāina lepo, ʻaʻole e like me nā mea like, no ka mea ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kahe ma nā kuahiwi kuahiwi. Akā no nā peke wikiwiki a lōʻihi loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōgoi ma mua o nā lio, ʻoiai nā keiki e hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki o nā ʻāpana pōkole. Hoʻomaka ka kumu mai loko mai o ka wahi i hiki i ka hihia o nā holoholona i loko o ka holoholona: he pōʻino ka ʻalā pōpilikia i nā hooves, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā laka i loko o ia mea, a no ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā pathogens, e kū mai nā hū a hoʻomaka ʻia nā hooves e hōʻeha. No laila, pono ʻoe e mālama pono iā lākou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: I loko oʻEulopa kahiko, helu ka nui o nā hoki na ka poʻe i helu i kāna waiwai. ʻO kekahi mau tausani he pahuhopu! He mau hoki na ka honi i hāʻawi i kahi impetus ikaika no ke kālepa ʻana ma muli o ka hiki ke lawe i nā kaʻa kaumaha ma luna o nā lōʻihi lōʻihi.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka hoki?
Pūnaewele: Wild Donkey
BC, i loko o nā wā kahiko, noho a nā ʻīlio hihiu kokoke i nā wahi o ʻAmelika Hikina a me ka Middle East, akā ma hope o ka domestication, ua hoʻomaka koke ka nui o kā lākou pae. Ua hana kēia ma muli o kekahi mau kumu: ke hoʻomau nei i ka home, ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā holoholona hihiu me nā holoholona home, ka puka ʻana mai o nā wahi o nā kūpuna ma muli o kā lākou hoʻomohala ʻana e nā kānaka.
I kēia mau lā, noho wale nā hoki o nā ʻīlio i nā ʻāina i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i ke anuanu me ke anuanu nui. Ua hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau holoholona iā ia, a he kakaikahi kēia mau ʻāina, i ʻae ʻia i nā hoki e ola. ʻOiai ke emi nei o ka helu ʻana o kā lākou helu a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokō a hiki i ke kenekulia 21, ke hana nei ia iʻoi aku ka lohi ma mua.
Ma ka makahiki 2019, ʻo kā lākou pae āpau e komo i nā ʻāina i nā wahi o nā ʻāina e like me:
Pono e hoʻoluhi ʻia: ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā hoki ma loko o ka ʻāina o kēia mau ʻāina, ʻaʻole hoʻi ma kahi hapa nui, akā aia wale nō ma nā wahi ākea o kahi liʻiliʻi. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka manawa nui o nā hoki o Somali, ua hōʻemi loa ʻia, ua hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā o ke kaua kaua i kēia ʻāina. ʻAʻole naʻe i hōʻoia ka poʻe noiʻi inā pēlā paha kēia.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ke kūlana me nā ʻāina ʻē i ʻōlelo ʻia: ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi loa nā keiki maoli e noho ana ma loko o lākou, no laila ke hoʻohui ʻia nei nā ʻano hehi haʻahaʻa i nā pilikia i hoʻēmi ʻia kā lākou helu ma mua. ʻO ka mea wale nō ʻo Eritrea, ʻoiai he nui loa ka nui o ka nui o nā hoki nā holoholona. No laila, e like me nā wānana kanaka ʻepekema, i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, e hōʻemi ʻia ko lākou ʻano a me ke ʻano iā Eritrea wale nō.
Ma ka manawa like, pono ia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hoki nā holoholona kulī: ua kau hou ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia i nā holoholona, a laila huli hoʻi i ka hana ʻole a lawe ʻia i ke aʻa i ka hihiu. Nui ka poʻe o lākou i ka honua: ua ʻike ʻia lākou i ʻEulopa, a ma Asia, a ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma Australia, ua hoʻomohala nui lākou, a i kēia manawa aia ma kahi o 1.5 miliona o lākou - akā ʻaʻole lākou e lilo i hoki mau holoholona maoli.
ʻĀnō maopopo iā ʻoe kahi e noho ai ka hoki hihiu. E nānā i kā kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai o ka hoki?
Pūnaewele: Animal Donkey
I loko o ka meaʻai, ua like palaka ʻo kēia mau holoholona me nā mea āpau. ʻAi ai kahi ʻīlio hihiu aneane e pili ana i kahi mea kanu lāʻau e hiki ai ke loaʻa wale ma kahi e noho ai.
ʻO ka meaʻai kekahi:
- mauʻu
- ka lau honu
- lala a me nā lau o nā kumulāʻau,
- aikawa io akia.
ʻAi ʻole ʻoe eʻai i kekahi mau mea kanu i hiki ke loaʻa wale ʻia, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ona koho. Nānā pinepine lākou e ʻimi i ia wahi ma kēlā wahi kahi a lākou e noho ai: nā wao nahele a me nā ʻāina papa maloʻo, kahi e ulu ai nā laka liʻiliʻi a kēlā me kēia mau kilomita. Noho nā ʻāpana a me nā kahawai he nui i ka poʻe, a makaʻu nā hoki nā holoholona hihiu e hoʻokokoke i nā wahi. ʻO kahi hopena, pono lākou e hele a puni ka meaʻai maikaʻi me ka mea ʻilihune a liʻiliʻi loa, a i ʻole kekahi manawa e ʻai lōʻihi i nā manawa - a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻomau.
Hiki i ka hoki kahi pōloli i nā lā a i ka manawa like ʻaʻole e nalowale i kona ikaika - ʻaʻole i emi iki ka pale ʻana i ka domesticated, akā ua maoli nō naʻe, ma nā ʻano he nui lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka wai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi - pono wale lākou e inu i kēlā me kēia lā ʻekolu. ʻO nā holoholona holoholona ʻē aʻe ma ʻAmelika, e like me nā antelope a i ʻole zebras, ʻoiai lākou e noho nei ma nā kūlana polū, pono e inu ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā hoki ke inu i ka wai ʻawa mai nā loko o wao nahele - ʻo ka hapanui o nā ungities ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hiki i kēia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Hiki i kekahi holoholona ke nalowale i kekahi hapakolu o kona umauma i ke kino a ʻaʻole e nawaliwali. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kumu, ma hope o ka inu ʻana, hoʻopiʻi koke ʻo ia i ka nalowale a ʻaʻole hoʻi e manaʻo i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: ʻelua mau hoki o nā hoki
Noho ola nā hoki nā ʻīlio hihiu a me nā ʻohana kau he mau poʻe kaukani. Hoʻākoakoa pinepine nā holoholona hoʻokahi i nā hui kokoke i nā kino wai. Aia ke alakaʻi mau i kēlā i loko o ka pipi - ʻo ka mea nui a ikaika a paʻa, nā hoki i waena o ka makahiki waena. Me ia, maʻamau ka nui o nā wahine - hiki i kahi kau o lākou, a me nā holoholona ʻōpio. Loaʻa nā wahine i ka wā'ōpio a ʻekolu mau makahiki, a ʻo nā kāne hoʻi ʻehā. Hiki iā lākou ke kau i nā manawa o ka makahiki, akā hana pinepine lākou ia mau mea i ka wai. I ka wā moe, hiki i nā kāne ke lilo i ka huhū, ʻo ka poʻe hoʻokahi ("bachelors") ke hoʻouka i nā alakaʻi i ka poʻe e hoʻohuli iā lākou - a laila hiki wale iā lākou ke kiʻi me nā bipi wahine.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā hakakā ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia: i ko lākou papa, ʻaʻole i lawe ka poʻe hakakā i nā hōʻeha hōʻeha, a ua waiho ka mea lauwili e alakaʻi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa a hoʻāʻo iā ia i kāna manawa i ka manawa e lilo ai i mea ikaika. Hana ka hona i ka hapalua ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ai hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau kau. Mālama ka makuahine i nā hoki wahine me ka waiū a hiki i nā mahina 6-8, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e hānai iā lākou iho. Noho paha ka bipi a hiki i ka wā ʻoi ʻo ka wīleʻa, a laila waiho wale nā kāne - e loaʻa iā lākou iho a hele kāwelona wale.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: He holoholona koʻikoʻi nui kēia, hiki ke lohe ʻia kona mau hīaka i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana mai kahi mamao o 3 km.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka hoki?
Ma mua, ua ʻimi ʻia nā hoki e nā liona a me nā pēpē nui. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi i noho ai lākou, ʻaʻohe liona a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ana. He ʻilihune kēia mau ʻāina a, no ka mea, ke noho nei ka ʻāpana o kahi liʻiliʻi. No laila, ma ke kūlohelohe, he nui loa nā ʻenemi. He kupaianaha nō naʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻokipa me nā hoki nāu me nā mea wī: hiki iā lākou ke nānā a lohe paha i ka ʻenemi ma kahi mamao lōʻihi, a mālama mau iā lākou, no ka mea ua paʻakikī ka hopu iā lākou ma ke kahaha. Ke hoʻomaopopo nei lākou iā lākou e hānai ana iā ia, holo koke ka hoki hihiu, no laila he pilikia nui ka liona e paʻa pū me ia.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke mālama i ke wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi, no laila, inā ʻaʻohe hale e kokoke kokoke ana iā ia, pono ke hālāwai me ke alo o ka mea nāna e kō. I kēlā kūlana, e hakakā nui nā hoki e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i ka mea hoʻopiʻi. Inā he mea ka mea wānana e manaʻo nei i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, a laila hiki iā ia ke ulana i nā pua liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka holoholona makua ka hoʻāʻo e pale i kā lākou ʻohana. ʻO ke ʻenemi nui o nā hoki no nā holoholona hihiu. Ma muli o ka poʻe i hōʻemi ʻia ko lākou helu. ʻO ke kumu ʻaʻole wale ia i lulu wale ai i nā ʻūlio a me nā piʻo, akā ʻo ka ʻuʻuku: Ua maikaʻi loa ka ʻiʻo o ka hoki, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka poʻe kamaʻāina ma Aferika e hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Hoʻohālikelike ka Stubbornness i ka nele o nā hoki, akā ʻo ke kumu o kā lākou hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe o ka home i ka ʻina o ka mālama ponoʻī - ʻaʻole like i nā lio. No ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōiwi ke hele i ka make, maikaʻi ʻo ia i kahi o kona ikaika. No laila e oki ka hoki luhi i ka hoʻomaha, ʻaʻole ia e puka i kona wahi.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻAkau: ʻAmeleka ʻeleʻele
Ua hele lōʻihi nā ʻano o nā ʻano ma ka Red Book i kahi e pau ai i ka pau ʻole, a ʻo ka lehulehu o kona lehulehu ua hōʻemi wale ia. Aia nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole: e like me ka ʻikepili makemake, hiki i ka nui o nā ʻīlio a hiki i ka 500 a pau ma nā āpau a lākou e noho ai. Manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema hou loa i ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi o 200 kanaka kūʻokoʻa. Wahi a ka lua helu, ua make nā helu a pau nā Eritrean, a ʻo kēlā mau hoki nū holoholona, kahi ʻike nui i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ʻEulopa, Sudan, a pēlā aku, ʻaʻole maoli ka lōʻihi no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, akā ʻo kā lākou māla me nā mea aloha.
ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻoemi ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ma muli o ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka me nā kahe wai nui a me nā mahi ʻai ma kēlā mau wahi kahi i noho ai nā hoki. ʻOiai ke kamaʻilio ʻana o nā hoki i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi loa, ua paʻakikī loa ke ola ma nā ʻāina kahi i noho ai lākou i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hānai nui i ka nui o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kekahi pilikia e mālama i ka holoholona: ka nui o nā hoki o nā moʻo feral.
Noho lākou ma ka ʻūhā o ke ana o ka manu maoli, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me lākou, ma muli o ke ʻano he nui nā ʻano o nā ʻano - ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou poʻe mamo ke kau inoa i ka poʻe ʻīlio hihiu. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka waoʻala o ka ʻIseraʻela - a hiki i ka wā i kūleʻa ai, ua lawe a kau nā holoholona i laila. Aia nā manawa e hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou heluna, ʻoiai he nui ke ʻano o kēia ʻāina ma kā lākou kaʻao.
Kahu kiaʻi
Kuhi: Donkey mai ka Red Red Book
E like me ka mea i helu ʻia ma ka Red Book, pono i mālama ʻia kahi hoki e kahu ʻia e nā luna o kēlā mau ʻāina i noho ai. Akā naʻe ʻole ia i kolohe: ma ka hapanui o kēia mau ʻāina ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo no ka pale ʻana i nā holoholona luhilahi. He aha ke ʻano o ke mālama ʻokoʻa i hiki i ka lehulehu ma kekahi ʻāina e like me Somalia, kahi i hala mau makahiki ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ke kānāwai a e noho aliʻi nā hū?
Ma mua, ʻo ka lehulehu ka poʻe i noho ma laila, akā ua ʻoki loa ʻia ia ma muli o ka nele o kekahi o nā mea palekana. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa maoli ka kūlana i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe: ʻaʻohe i hana ʻia nā wahi pale i mālama ʻia i loko o nā hale honi, a hiki ke hopu ʻia lākou. Ke ʻoluʻolu maoli lākou nei ma ka ʻIseraʻela, kahi i hoʻonoho ʻia ai lākou ma ke kākoʻo, a ma zoos. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻīlio hihiu iā lākou e mālama i nā ʻano - ulu maikaʻi lākou i ke pio ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: I Africa, ua aʻo ʻia kēia mau holoholona a hoʻohana no nā lawehala. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou me nā huahana a ʻae ʻia ma nā kuahiwi hiki ʻole i kahi ʻāina ʻē. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka huahana pono ʻole, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai ʻoi aku ma mua o kona mau hoalauna, a lawe pū ʻia ʻole ʻia e pale ʻole i nā hana i ke kū ʻana i ka palena.
Hahai pono ka hoki i kahi ala maʻamau a hāʻawi i nā waiwai i kahi pono. Eia nō kekahi, hiki iā ia ke aʻo ʻia e hūnā mai nā kiaʻi palena. Akā inā hopu lākou iā ia, no laila, ʻaʻohe mea e lawe mai ka holoholona - ʻaʻole e kanu. E nalowale nā smugglers, akā e noho ma ka nui.
Nā pāpio - nā holoholona akamai a kōkua maikaʻi. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha inā hiki i ka makahiki o ka hoʻokele ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻi e hoʻomau e mālama iā lākou - ʻoi loa i nā ʻāina kuahiwi, kahi e hiki pinepine ai ke kaʻa i kahi kaʻa, akā maʻalahi ka holo kaʻa. Akā he kakaikahi nā hoki maoli maoli i loko o ke ʻano a hoʻoweliweli ʻia nō ia me ka hoʻopau ʻana.
Ma kahi e noho ai ka hoki hihiu Aferika
I kekahi manawa, ua uhi ʻia ka hale i ka nui o ka ʻāina o ʻApelika, akā naʻe, me nā lima kanaka, ua ʻuʻuku ʻia kēia mau holoholona mai waho o ko lākou wahi e noho ai i nā wahi me nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. I kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hoki ʻōiwi o ka ʻAmelika wale nō ma kekahi mau wahi o Sudan, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā mokuʻāina ʻo Somalia, ʻUsia, a me Eritrea.
ʻO ka hulahula ʻo nā mea aloha o nā ʻōpio ʻAmelika i nā subspecies Somali (Equus africanus somaliensis). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā holoholona o kēia subspecies e kahi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻulaʻula o ka lauoho ma ka mua o ke kino
Pahu a keiki
ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka lawehala o nā hoki ʻōiwi no Aferika i manaʻo ʻia he puna. ʻIke ʻia kēlā me kēia wahine i mea e nānā nui ai i kekahi mau "kāne ʻokoʻa" i kēlā me kēia manawa, e hōʻike ana kēlā i kona ʻano pono, no laila ke koho wahine ka wahine i kēia "kāne" ma ke ʻano he makua kāne o nā ʻōlani e hiki mai ana. No kēia, hoʻonohonoho nā kāne i kekahi mau kaua i kekahi no ka hoʻokūkū: kū lākou ma luna o ko lākou wāwae hind a e ʻāʻī paha i ka ʻāʻī o kekahi.
Mai ka wā o ka hana ʻana a hiki i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana o ka hua, ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki ka hala (a hoʻokahi mahina paha). Hoʻokahi wale kahi pēpē, akā naʻe ikaika! I ka hala wale nō ma hope o kona hānau ʻana, ua paʻa ʻo ia ma kona wāwae a e ʻimi ana i kona makuahine. I ka mua, ʻai ka foal i ka waiū umauma.
ʻAno Aferika african
Loaʻa nā kahu o nā keiki ʻōiwi ʻAmelika i ka piha o nā makahiki he ʻekolu (pili kēia i nā wahine, ʻo nā kāne hoʻi ʻehā a ʻo ka makahiki hoʻokahi, a ʻelua paha, ma hope iho)
No ke aha i nā hoki ʻōiwi ʻAmelika i ka palena o ka pau ʻole?
Inā ma mua e hiki i ka hoʻopiʻi i nā liona no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi puʻuwai aloha no kēia mau holoholona, ke kāhea nei nā kānakaʻepekema i ke kumu mua o ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā kānaka e noho ana i ka ʻāina kūpono no ka noho ʻana, me nā wai wai e loaʻa ana ma luna o lākou, a me nā pā i kahi nui a me ka ikaika. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke hoʻohuli koke i nā kūlana hou, kahi e kū ai i ko lākou make. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka nui o kēia mau ʻano, ua hoʻemi ʻia nō hoʻi me ke kaomi ʻana i nā hoki o nā keiki, ma muli o ke ʻano e lilo ai hoʻi ka hua.
I ka huina, 500 mau moho "purebred" i kēia mau ʻano i loko o ka honua, ʻo ia ke kumu i kākau ʻia ai i loko o ka Red Book.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.