Hoʻopau ʻo Daphnia ke cladocera, kēia ʻanoʻano o nā mea liʻiliʻi he nui i mua o 150 mau ʻano. Loaʻa i kekahi mea lawelawe pilikino e like me ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻano. nā kumupaʻa daphniaʻoiai he mea momona lākou no nā ʻano nui o ka iʻa aquarium.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho home o ka daphnia
Mamuli o ka anodaphnia, hiki i kā lākou nui ma waena o 0.2 mm a 6 mm, no laila e aʻo ʻia nā kiko daphnia aia wale nō ma lalo o kahi microscope. Loaʻa i ke kino o kēia mau crustaceans kahi ʻōnaehana, ua uhi ʻia ia me kahi pale kūikawā o ʻelua mau ʻēheu (carapace), ka mea e pale ai i nā kino o loko.
Ua uhi ʻia hoʻi ke poʻo i ka chitinous shell a he outgrowth like beak-like (rastrum) ma lalo o laila he mau antennas mua e hana ana i ka hana olfactory.
ʻO ka nui o nā antennas ma hope o ka mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i mua o nā mua, ʻo kā lākou hana nui ʻo ka neʻe o ka daphnia. E ʻalo ana i nā antennas ma ka manawa like, haʻalele ʻo Daphnia mai ka wai a me ka holo ʻana, e hana ana i nā peke kuʻuna. No kēia hiʻohiʻona maʻamau daphnia kapa pinepine ʻia "flea wai."
Aia ka maka he facet ma ke poʻo o ka crustacean - he hui ʻole i mālama ʻia no ka ʻike maka. Aia ka nui o nā facets i ka ʻano a me ka pilina mai 22 a 300. I nā ʻelele predatory, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka maka o ke alo a he mau mea hou aʻe. ʻO kahi haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka facet ka nauplius.
ʻO nā umauma Daphniauhi ʻia me nā bristles he lawelawe i ke ʻano o ke kānana ma kahi i hele ai nā crustacean i kahi algae unicellular a me nā pōʻino i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wāwae i ka 500 pākahi i hoʻokahi minuke.
Nā Daphnia Photoshana i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai ke ʻike maopopo i ke ʻano kūloko o ke kūloko. Mahalo i ka membuc translucent, ka puʻuwai, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpū o loko, a ma nā wahine - kahi ʻeke paleka me nā embryos he nui.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Daphnia o kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe i kahi kokoke e kū ana i kahi nū wai - mai kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a hiki i kahi loko hohonu. Aia kekahi mau ʻelele o kēia moʻomeheu i Eurasia, ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a hiki i Antarctica.
ʻO kahi mea nui i ko lākou ola maʻamau ka wai kūlohelohe, i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi he nui o nā kikoo lepo. Hoʻokahi i loko o ka wai e kahe ana, hoʻopuʻi nā daphnids i ka lepo me nā algae a mei iki ka haki i kā lākou mau manu.
Kui i nā mea kanu ʻai i ke one a hōʻiliʻili a pale i nā crustacean mai ka neʻe ʻana i ka maʻamau, a make koke ka make. Daphnia he mea hoʻohālikelike loa ia i ka haumia o ka kaiapuni, no laila e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka wai i loko o nā hale hoʻihoʻi.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Ua wehewehe ʻia ke kime Daphnia i ka makahiki 1785, i hana ʻia e O.F. Muller. Ma kahi o 50 mau ʻano ma waena o nā ʻano ʻo Daphnia, a he nui nā mea he nui no ka ʻokoʻa. E like me ke ʻano he ʻano ʻano, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Daphnia longispina, i wehewehe ʻia e Muller like.
Ua māhele ʻia ʻo Daphnia i ʻelua subgenera nui - ʻo Daphnia a me Ctenodaphnia wale nō. Ka ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe kēia i ka nui o nā hana, no ka laʻana, ka hele ʻana o ka hana hou ʻana o ka pale ma ke poʻo, a ma ka laulā he nui ka mana o mua. ʻAʻole naʻe kēia manawa i neʻe mua lākou: pili nā fossils i ke kumu o nā mea āpau e like me ka manawa like.
Wikiō: Daphnia
Hōʻike nā luna o nā wāwae gill i kahi 550 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma waena o lākou ʻo nā kūpuna o Daphnia. Akā, kū lākou i kēia ma hope aku: ʻo ka fossil kahiko e noho ana ma ka manawa Jurass lalo - ʻo ia hoʻi, ua kokoke lākou ma kahi o 180-200 miliona mau makahiki.
ʻAʻole like ia i nā wā kahiko e like me ka mea e manaʻo ai kekahi mai nā mea maʻalahi maoli - no ka laʻana, ʻike ʻia nā iʻa a me nā manu ma mua. Akā, e like me nā poʻomanaʻo o nā kime o nā crustaceans branched, i kēlā manawa ua like ʻo Daphnia me kēia wā, a ʻokoʻa kēia mai nā mea hoʻokūkū pono loa o nā ʻano like ʻole.
I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole pono kekahi e noʻonoʻo i ka loli ʻole ʻo Daphnia: ma kahi ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā lākou ka mana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻololi ai a me ka hana ʻana, a hoʻoulu mau i nā ʻano hou. ʻO ka hana hope loa o ka genus Daphnia i hana koke ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hopena o ka Cretaceous.
ʻO kekahi mauʻiʻo Hoʻohui e pili ana i Daphnia
ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻoia pono ai ko kā mākou kanaka koa ʻo Daphnia Pulex, hiki ke makemake ia, ʻo ia, ʻo ia, eia ka laʻana o D. magna, akā, ke kau ka mea i hilinaʻi nui ʻia, ke ʻano like lākou a pau.
No laila ka inoa helu daphnia (Wikipedia):
He ʻano: ʻĀpopopuu Kee: kaka, ʻAeke wāwae gill Kaulana: cladocera Kaulana: Nā ʻāpana ʻāpana Kiʻi papa: Anomopoda Ohana: Daphniidae Kāhea: Daphnia
No laila, ma ka hua'ōlelo "Daphnia" mākou e kapa i nā crustaceans a pau o kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole maopopo maoli i kā lākou ʻano.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Whakaahua: Daphnia Moina
Hiki i nā ʻano o ke daphnia ke ʻano nui: ke ʻano o ko lākou kino, a me kona nui ʻana, e hoʻoholo ʻia e nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni a lākou e noho ai. Eia naʻe, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. No laila, ua uhi ʻia ko lākou kino me kahi pūhili chitinous me nā pale polil - ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻōpū kūloko. Ma muli o ke kaheʻe ʻana ma ka wai, ʻike liʻiliʻi ka daphnia.
ʻAʻole kolo ka pale i ke poʻo. Aia he mau maka ma laila, ʻoiai ke hoʻohui pinepine ʻana iā lākou i hoʻokahi maka paʻakikī i ko lākou ulu ʻana, a i kekahi manawa he hapakolu ʻo Daphnia, akā ma ka maʻamau ʻo ia e kū akaka ana a he wahi liʻiliʻi hoʻi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka antennae, hoʻomāneʻe pinepine ʻo Daphnia iā lākou, a me kā lākou kōkua i neʻe aku ai i ka lele.
Ma ke poʻo, he kuapo maloʻo ka rostrum e like me kahi beak, a ma lalo o laila he mau pā aniani ʻelua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka kua a loaʻa nā pulima, nā mea e hoʻonui ai kā lākou wahi. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hāmeʻa o kēia mau antennas, ke lawe nei ka neʻe - i ka wā o ka daphnia, lele lele lākou i mua, e like me ka lele ʻana. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi kēia mau antennas a loaʻa nā musculature ikaika.
Luʻu ʻia ke kino mai nā ʻaoʻao, ua palalulu nā wāwae a palau ʻia, no ka mea ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia no ka neʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, ka huki i ka wai hou i ka ʻūhā a me nā mea ʻai i ka waha. Maikaʻi ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoili ʻana no kēlā mau crustacean liʻiliʻi: aia kahi esophagus piha, ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū, kahi i loaʻa ai nā mea i puka mai ka ate.
Loaʻa hoʻi ʻo Daphnia i kahi puʻuwai e kāʻili pū ana i ka wikiwiki nui - 230-290 mau beats i hoʻokahi mau minuke, e kū ana i ke kahe o ke koko o ka ʻehu o 2-4. Hāpai ka Daphnia me ka uhi piha o ke kino, akāʻo ka mea nui me ke kōkua o nā ʻōpū hanu ma nā ʻōiwi.
Nā mea hana loiloi
I mea e ulu ai nā Crustaceans, ua hoʻolako ʻia ka pahu kahi mea hana. Pono ke Auction inā ulu ka daphnia moin i ka home.
Me ke kōkua o kēlā mau hana, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai akuʻa me ka oxygen, e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka phytoplankton. Hoʻopaʻa ka Oxygen i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Koho ʻia nā pono hana no ka aquarium, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hana maʻamau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, kahi helu poʻomanaʻo nui e hoʻonāukiuki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka daphnia ma luna o ka wai.
ʻAuhea ke ola o ka daphnia?
ʻO ke kiʻi: Daphnia Magna
Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano i ka hana i loko o ka Honua. Loaʻa ʻia lākou a hiki i Antarctica i loko o nā mau kiʻi i lawe ʻia i loko o ke kai loko o ka hau. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo a hiki i Daphnia ke noho kokoke i kahi kaiāulu o ka poʻe i hōʻike ʻia ma ka honua.
Eia naʻe, inā i hala he kenekulia i hala ua manaʻo ʻia he nui nā hua āpau o kā lākou ʻano āpau, a laila ua ʻike ʻia aia kēlā me kēia me i kona puʻupuʻu. Ma ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu, ua ākea lākou a pili pū me kekahi mau konenoa, akā ʻaʻole nō naʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao kahi pālahalaha i nā wahi āpau.
Noho ka noho ʻana o ka Honua i ka Honua, e makemake ana i ke ʻano o ke ao o nā subtropics ʻIke liʻiliʻi iki ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā maʻa ʻelua o nā pola o ka honua, a ma kahi kokoke i ka ekuea, i ke aniani. Ua hoʻoili ʻia nā ʻano o kekahi mau ʻano i nā loli nui i kēia manawa ma muli o ka neʻe ʻia ʻana e ka poʻe.
ʻO kekahi laʻana, hele mai nā ʻano Daphnia ambigua mai Great Britain a ʻAmelika a lanakila aʻa i ka aʻa. I ka hewa, lawe ʻia nā ʻano Daphnia lumholtzi i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika mai ʻEulopa, a ua lilo ia i mea maʻamau no nā kaola wai o kēia konana.
No nā daphnia, nā puna wai ʻole me nā wā o kēia manawa, e like me nā loko a me nā loko paha i koho ʻia. Noho pinepine lākou i nā pepa nui. Ma nā kua o nā kahawai kahe iʻoi aku ka nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā kahawai wikiwiki. Noho ka hapa nui o nā ʻano nui i ka wai wai.
Akā, hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻopili i ka wai i loaʻa iā ia ma aneʻi: daphnia, i hoʻokahi manawa i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā wahi māla, kahi i loaʻa ai nā kino wai kai wale no lākou, ʻaʻole i make, akā ua hoʻomohala. I kēia manawa, nā ʻanoʻaoʻao i puka mai mai lākou aku ke hōʻike ʻia i kahi makemake no ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i nā wai paʻakai.
ʻO ka maikaʻi loa, noho lākou i ka wai maʻemaʻe - pono ia me ka wai liʻiliʻi e like me ka mea hiki. Ma hope o nā mea, ʻai ka daphnia i ka kānana ʻana i ka wai a, inā ua palupalu, ke komo pū ka ʻōpū o ka lepo i ko lākou ʻōpū me nā microorganism, ʻo ia hoʻi ke make wikiwiki ʻana i nā kino wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia no ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
No laila, ma ka helu o ka daphnia i loko o kahi kōhao, hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻoponopono i ke ʻano o ka wai o loko o loko. Noho lākou i ka hapanui o ka wai wai, a ua piha kekahi mau holoholona i lalo. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka ʻālamalama aniani a hele hohonu hou i ka wā e hoʻomaka ka lā i ka wai pololei i ka wai.
Ke ulu nei i ka daphnia ma ka home
Hoʻokaʻawale ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻo Daphnia ma ka home e ka maʻalahi a me ka maʻalahi, no laila he aquarist novice e hiki ke ulu i nā crustaceans. ʻO ka hana mua e hoʻoholo i ka ipu i kahi e hiki mai ai ka meaʻai no ka iʻa. E ulu i ka daphnia kūleʻa i ka home, pono nā hahai o nā ʻōlelo pili e pili ana i ka hiki.
- Ke ulu i kahi mea liʻiliʻi, e koho i kahi moku me ka nui o 15-20 lita.
- ʻO nā mea ʻokoʻa a ka pahu pahu i hana ʻia he wahi ʻoluʻolu. Ke koho ʻana i kahi pahu metala, makemake ʻia ke kila kila.
- Inā hoʻolālā ʻoe e ulu i nā crustaceans i loko o kahi pahu kalapona, a laila nui loa ka nui o ka wahi i ka lewa.
- Ke mālama nei i ka ipu i loko o ka lohi ma ka lā ākea, ʻo ka nui o ka pahu e pono ai ma kahi o 40 lita.
- Ke kala kūwaho - ka wai no ka ulu ʻana i nā mea momona e pono ai nā mea hou.
- ʻO ka Oxygen - ʻaʻole makemake nā crustaceans i ka nui a i ʻole ka ikaika o ka wai, no laila pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i ka hōʻailona o ka aoter i kahi pae awelika.
- ʻO ka nui o ka ammonia a me ka waikawa ka hōʻailona o 7.2-8.5 pH.
- ʻO ka mahana wela loa ka 18-22C.
He aha kā ka daphnia mea ʻai?
Kuhi: Daphnia i ka aquarium
- cili
- Seawe,
- nā pepeke
- detritus,
- nā mea ʻehā ʻē aʻe e holo ana i loko o ka wai a i ʻole moe ma ka lalo.
ʻAi lākou, kānana i ka wai, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i ko lākou mau wāwae, e hoʻoheheʻe iā ia. Hana ʻia nā kānana hoʻoili wai wai e nā mea aloha kūikawā ma nā kānana kānana. A laila hui pū ʻia nā ʻalopihī ʻia i loko o kahi palu ma muli o ka huni ʻana a hoʻouna ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana.
Kūpono loa ʻo Daphnia no kona ʻano voracity: i ka lā hoʻokahi lā ua ʻai wale kekahi mau ʻano 6 i ko lākou kino ponoʻī. No laila, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i ka nui o nā meaʻai, e liʻiliʻi ana ko lākou helu i ka kaila - ua hoʻokō kēia i ka wā i hoʻokumu ai ke anuanu, a ʻo Daphnia ka nui loa i ka hopena o ka puna a me ke kauwela.
Hanai ʻia ʻo Detritus e kēlā mau ʻano o ka daphnia ʻaʻole i hānau i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻolilo lākou i ka hoʻoilo ma ka lalo o ka waihona wai a i nā papahawai kokoke i laila - he detritus ka mea e kīloi mai i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā māhele o nā kiko a me ka excreta o nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.
Hāʻawi lākou iā lākou iho i meaʻai no ka iʻa i loko o ka aquarium - waiwai nui lākou ma muli o ke kīpona ʻana ma kā lākou ʻōpū i nui ka meaʻai o ka mea kanu. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Daphnia i ka maloʻo a hoʻopuka ola i loko o ka hale aku. Hoike pū ka hope loa inā he wai ʻole ka wai o loko: e ʻai nā daphnia i ka meakanu, no ka mea, he mea ʻo ia e ʻai ai, a me ka iʻa, e ʻai ai i ka daphnia.
ʻO ka daphnia
ʻO kahi Daphnia maʻamau he crustacean liʻiliʻi. Mahalo i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana ma o nā hāwau koi, loaʻa iā ia i ka inoa lua - flea wai.
Aia ma ke ʻano, hiki i nā nui mai nā 0.2 mm a 6 mm. Hōʻea nā ʻano nui nui i ka nui o ka pī liʻiliʻi a hiki ke nānā ʻia ʻole me ka mikroscope.
Me kahi hoʻonui, ʻike maopopo ʻia ke ʻano o ka crustacean. Ua lulu iki ʻia ke kino o Daphnia ma hope a he ʻano oval. Mai luna mai, ua uluhia ia i ka lole mānoʻikuʻu bivalve - kahi kalaki, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia me ka huʻu ʻula a pale i nā ʻāpana o loko.
Poʻo
Ua uhi ʻia ke poʻo i ka uhi chitinous paʻakikī. He ahulau like-beak-like - ka rostrum, kahi i loaʻa ai nā antennas pōkole - nā antennules e hana ai i ka hana olfactory ma muli o nā pōkole pōkole i loaʻa iā lākou me ka olfactory setae. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā antennas ma hope, i uhi ʻia me nā outgrowths. Kōkua lākou iā Daphnia e neʻe i ka kolamu wai, me ka ʻeke.
ʻElua mau wāwae o nā wāwae paʻakikī o Crustaceans. Hana nā umauma Daphnia i nā hana nui o ka hanu a me ka pono. Aia lākou ma ke poʻo. Ma loko o hoʻokahi mau minuke, ua lilo nā crustacean i 500 mau kuʻi me lākou, e kahe ana i ia algae unicellular a me nā pepeke e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai. Ma nā wāwae he mau ʻeke gill, nā mea i piha i ka oxygen i kā lākou neʻe.
ʻOihala o ka hihio
He papa lua o ka ʻike ʻo Daphnia, kahi i pālua ʻia i nā kanaka pākeke. ʻO nā maka he nui ka 22 facets. Ma kekahi mau mea, hiki i ka nui o nā facets ke hiki aku a ʻekolu haneri. Ma lalo o ka maka facet ka nauplius ocellus.
Me ka hoʻonui nui o ka daphnia, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻōpū kūloko i ke kiʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka kanu a loko mai ka puka o ka waha. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ma hope he puluhulu puʻuwai. He lumi brood ka wahine i loko o nā wahi ma waena o ke kino a me ke kalapu dorsal.
ʻO ka wehewehe, ʻano, ke ʻano a me ka noho maʻamau
No Daphnia ka lālā genus planktonic crustaceans a he mea kanu ʻalani. ʻO ka inoa ʻelua, ua loaʻa iā Water Flea ma muli o ke ʻano e like me kēia mau manu, a me ka hiki ke hana i nā lele ākea i ka kolamu wai. Inā ʻoe e nānā ma lalo o kahi microscope, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēlā me ka wehewehe o ka helehelena.
- a puni ke kino 2-6 mm ākea e hoʻopuni ʻia i loko o ka kahe ʻana o ka chitin transparent,
- Aia nā antennas branched ma ke poʻo e kōkua ana e neʻe i loko o ka wai.
- ka maka o kekahi kanaka helehelena hoʻokahi, akā aia kekahi maka ʻē aʻe ma kahi kokoke,
- aia i ke alo alo o ke poʻo e kū i kahi ulu lāʻau nuku i kapa ʻia ʻo ka rostum, a ma lalo iho he antennae me olfactory setae,
- ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā wāwae pectoral i uhi ʻia me nā bristles he nui a kau i nā ʻeke gill i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hanu ʻana a me ka inu ʻana o ka meaʻai,
- ma ka hope o ke kino aia kekahi huelo i lako me nā puʻupuʻu pili, a me kahi anus e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kino o nā hapa nui o nā haole,
- i kahi oho, kahi hua manu ma ka kua.
Ka nui a me ke kala o Daphnia ma muli o kona subtype a me ka noho. No laila, ma nā kaena wai maʻemaʻe me ka nui o ka oxygen a me nā mea pono e hoʻomālamalama i nā mea hina a ʻalani aʻalani paha, a ma loko o nā kaila liʻiliʻi a haumia, loaʻa iā lākou kahi pig-brown.
He ʻano hiʻohiʻona ka mea kiko pilikino:
- ka lolo a me ke kaulahao i loko o ka peritoneum ke kuleana no ka ʻōnaehana saraf,
- kōkua nā mea hoʻihoʻi i ka neʻe o nā ʻāpana antennae, ka ʻili a me nā wāwae pectoral,
- ka pūnaehana o ka pūnaehana ʻana o ka wehe ʻana o ka waha, liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpū, 2 hepatic outgrowths and the posterior intestinal with the anus,
- kokoke i ke kua he naʻau, kahi 2 o ostia, i piha i ke koko, haʻalele,
- ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā mea hanu, komo ka oxygen i ke kino ma o ka membrane a mai ka ulu ʻana o nā wāwae,
- ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka pūpū he mau pālua o nā ovaries i nā wahine a i ʻole nā ho'āʻo ʻana i nā kāne.
Noho ʻo Daphnia i nā wai wai me ka wai kūloe. Aia lākou ma waena o nā ʻāpana o Antartika. No ka ulu manuahi, pono lākou i ka wahi maʻemaʻe wale nō me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka silt a me ka lepo ma ka lalo. Inā ʻaʻole, aia kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā hōʻiliʻili i nā kumuwaiwai i nā loko o nā kēpona, e alakaʻi ana i ko lākou make.
I loko o ka kolana wai i noho ʻia e like me ka plankton, kaomi kaʻawale me ke kahawai. Ua hūnā lākou ma ka lalo i ke ʻano o ka lā me ka nani o ka lā, a me ke koena o ka manawa a lākou e kau ai ma luna. Pono ka ola i loko o kahi wahi maikaʻi i nā lā 22, a ma loko o kahi nui e hōʻea ʻo 110-150 lā mau lā.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
Nā kia nui o nā hōʻiliʻili i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā hale noho pōkole - kaheʻe ʻana, nā papale, nā loko liʻiliʻi me ka wai kūlohelohe wai. Kahi manawa i ka wai, ʻoiai ka papa palupalu, e hoʻoluhi ʻo daphnia i nā kīpī o ka lepo a clog i nā mea kani. Hoʻopau kēia i kāna neʻe a hoʻokō i ko lākou make.
Ka hapa nui o nā crustaceans i ko lākou ola ma ka kolamu wai. Kekahi mau holoholona, kānana i ka wai, hānai i nā alakaʻu mikroskopikola, kahi ʻē aʻe e noho kokoke ma lalo a ʻai i nā mea make a nā mea kanu. Kekahi mau ʻano, halophiles, ʻoluʻolu i kāhea i ka mauʻu, hibernating.
He mea ākea loa kēia mau mea. Hiki i ka nui o nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā ke hele ma 600% o ko lākou pono ponoʻī. ʻO ka papa nui o ka daphnia ka maʻi, nā meaū a me nā ʻeleʻele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka nui o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā crustaceans e ʻike ʻia i loko o nā hale kō me "wai" puaʻa, kahi lākou e hānai nui ai.
Hoʻopau pololei ʻo Daphnia i ka uila. I ke kukui māmā, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻokokoke aku i lalo o ka waihona kālā.
Hoʻokumu Daphnia
Makemake wau e kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kēia mau ʻano keleima i kapa ʻia ʻo Daphnia. Ua hōʻino ikaika ʻia ko lākou kino mai nā ʻaoʻao aku, ua uhi ʻia kēia hope me ka hulu citinous bicuspid. Loaʻa nā maka ʻelua i ka daphnia ma ke poʻo, akā i kekahi manawa ke ʻano kūlohelohe kekahi poʻe kanaka ma ke alo o kekahi maka paʻakikī, ma hope o kahi i ʻike hou ʻia. Ma ke poʻo liʻiliʻi, ʻelua mau lālā o nā antennas. ʻO ka hope (kekona) pili paʻa i hoʻopihapiha ʻia me nā bristles a ua nui. Mahalo ia i ka huhū o kēia mau antennas i hoʻomākaʻi ʻia ʻo Daphnia i kahi lele i ka wā e neʻe ai. No laila, ʻo ka poʻe e kapa ʻia lākou "fleas wai."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mr. Tail: ʻo Daphnia ma ka iʻa ʻai
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā ʻoihana e ulu i nā Wai Fleas ma kahi e hānai ai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā'ōpio. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i nā crustaceans ma kekahi ʻano:
- e noho ana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka home,
- aūkū i paila i ka polū,
- maloʻo e like me kahi pāʻina paʻa.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia meaʻai nā ʻano kūpono a maikaʻi loa na ka aquarium flora a me nā holoholona.
Loaʻa nā hoʻololi
I lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻohe male o Daphnia. Hānau nā wahine i ko lākou ʻano. Ma lalo o nā ʻano loli, ʻokoʻa nā māhele o nā wahine i hānau kāne male kāne.
ʻO nā wahine a me nā kāne mea ʻē kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa i loko o ka pā hale a o waho.
- ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine
- ma ka pale ma ka pale pale a me ka uhi o waho o nā wahine i ke ʻano o nā rhombuses a me nā polygons, e ʻike ʻia i ka wā e kiʻi ʻia ana i loko,
- ka mua a me ka lua o nā wāwae i nā kāne i nā wīwī i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ʻae iā lākou i ka hopu ʻana i nā wahine i ka wā hana.
Hoʻokomo ʻia o Daphnia
Ma hope o kekahi mau lā i loko o ka hale kaila ka nui o Daphnia e lele lele nei i loko o ka lālani - ua hānai, he nui, he hānau. Ua ulu a ʻō nā mea hoʻonaninani, no laila, ua like ka nui o nā mea holo a like ʻole. He mea hoihoi loa ka nānā ʻana i kēia haunaele o ke ola.
A i kekahi manawa ma hope aku, ua nalowale ʻo Daphnia āpau me kahi wahi ʻole. ʻO kēia ma muli o ke kaawale o kahi hapa o ka wai, a i ulu nui paha nā ʻōkaka ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokūkū me ka puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi a ua luku koke i ka lehulehu holoʻokoʻa.
Ka waiwai a me nā pōmaikaʻi
Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Daphnia me ke Kahe koko, Gammarus, Caddis lele, Bokoplav, Cyclops, Prudovik a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe. I ke kumukūʻai caloric, ua like like lākou a pau, akā ua hoʻonui nā mea i ka protein. ʻO nā ʻaina Amino i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ka hopena maikaʻi i kā lākou ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Daphnia no nā kumu kūʻai, e hoʻohui ai i nā ʻano koʻo nui. I kēia ala, ʻo 50% o ka nui ka nui o ka protein.
Nui ka mea ola i ka ʻai o ka iʻa. He liʻiliʻi ia i kā lākou ulu ʻana, e maʻalahi ka kahe ʻana o ka maʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana hou.
I loko o nā crustaceans, piha ka ʻōpū i nā mea kanu, no laila makemake lākou no ka meaʻai e Guppies, Danio, Fiery Barbuses, Karasi, Carps a me nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe. I loko o kahi kaila, ua maikaʻi loa ia mau meaʻai no ka iʻa e nele ana i ka mea kanu kūlohelohe. Kāleka Chitinous, ʻaʻole i eli ʻia, hoʻolaʻa i nā ʻōpū a hoʻomaka i kona hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, heʻeha lākou i ka mālama a hānai koke. E pōmaikaʻi lākou i ka momi āpau ma ka kānana ʻana i ka wai ma loko. I kahi lā, ʻai kekahi kanaka i ka ʻai he 6 mau manawa ma mua o kona kaupaona ʻana. E kōkua kēia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā microorganism o nā haole i loko o ke kahe a i ka pahu wai.
Daphnia magna
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano me ka meaʻai ola no ka iʻa a aku, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pono o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine he 3-5 mm, ʻo ke kāne ma mua o 2 mm. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio he mikroskopika ka nui. ʻO ka meli nui o ka uhi waho e ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka pinkish-ʻulaʻula. Hoʻonui maʻalahi kēia ʻano i kahi hāʻule o ka mahana. Kokoke kekahi ma ke kūlohelohe, akā ma nā wahi maʻamau o ka nohona maʻamau ua nui ia. ʻO 3 mau malama ka mea e ola ai nā loiloi pākeke.
Nā poʻe ʻōpiopio
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Daphnia e kahi kilokilo - e hoʻohua i ka hua me ke kī ʻole o ka luku. He lumi brood nā ʻano o kēia ʻano ʻano. Mālama ʻia ia ma ke kaʻe o ka neʻe a loaʻa i ka kua. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki i ka pākeke ke waiho i ka 50 a me 100 i ka hua moa i moa ʻole ʻia. I ka ana i ulu ai lākou, a ʻo nā wahine wale nō, a kūʻokoʻa iā ia iho. I nā wahine, ma hope o kēia, hoʻomaka ka molting.
Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, hoʻomaka ke kaʻina o ka hana. Ua pili nā mea like i kēlā me kēia ʻōpiopio, no laila wikiwiki koke ka mea a pau. Hoʻokahi wahine wahine ma luna o ke kō holoʻokoʻa i hiki i ke keiki i nā manawa 25. Ma muli o kēia, i ka manawa kauwela hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ke ʻano ʻulaʻula o ka wai i loko o nā loko i kahi e noho ai ʻo Daphnia. He hana maʻalahi wale ia me ka nui o ka plankton.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻāʻī, pili nā kāne i ke kaʻina hoʻoulu. Ma hope o ka hoʻomakeʻa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻūpī i nā hua. Hiki i nā hua i ka wā ke kū i ka hau, a hoʻomaloʻo i nā kino wai, a palahalaha me ka lepo. I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, hoʻomaka hou ka lahilahimai ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai nā wahine. ʻOkoʻa paha kahi heluna kanaka hou i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki ma ke ʻano kino.
Daphnia pullex
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka wahine hānai ma mua o 4 mm, ʻo ke kāne - 1,5 mm. ʻOkoʻa ke kala i ka ʻula ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula. Luʻulu ʻē aʻe, ua like nā crustaceans me Daphnia magna. Aia ka ʻokoʻa ma kahi ka liʻiliʻi a me ka manaʻolana i ke ola, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano me ka momona kūpono. Mālama nā wahine i nā hua i kēlā me kēia lā ʻelima. Mākahi kēlā me kēia hua o 15 hua manu.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o ka aquarium
ʻO kēia mau mea pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi e kānana ana i ka wai a hoʻoponopono i ka microflora o ka aku. Hoʻohana lākou e like me ka meaʻai ola no nā kānaka noho o ka home home reservoir.
ʻAʻole hiki i kahi flea wai e hoʻopōʻino i kahi kanaka a hoʻopōʻino paha i ka iʻa aku ka aquarium, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ʻoka ka uka huehue. Kahi hewa e pili ana i nā kakaka he fiction.
ʻO ka pōʻino nui o nā copepods e pili pū me ko lākou kiʻekiʻe allergenicity. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hopena alakalia e kahi hoʻopiehu kūlohelohe i loaʻa e ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana me ka meaʻai maloʻo.
Inā hele i ka palupalu o ka lepo i ka mea, hiki ke hoʻomaka ka hopena kūlohelohe, e hele pū me ka ʻōpala maloʻo, ʻulaʻula maka o nā maka, profuse lacrimation, ihu ranny, exacerbation o ka lāʻau bronchial. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōmaka ma ka ʻili, ka ʻāʻī ʻili, wela.
No ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi kūwaho, pono ʻoe e ʻimi pono i ke kōkua olakino a lawe i kahi antihistamine.
Mālama ʻia e like me ka mea ʻai iʻa
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka nui o ka wai maʻa e like me ka meaʻai no ka poʻe noho o ka hale aku. Loaʻa i nā crustaceans a i ka 70% protein. Hāʻawi ia i nā iʻa i kahi ʻano maloʻo hou a malī paha. Loaʻa ʻia nā Crustaceans i ka wai a i ʻole ka hale ma ka home.
Pehea e kūʻokoʻa ai ke hopu mai nā loko
Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Daphnia mai ka palena o ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka hopena o ka wā o ka hāʻule, a hiki i ka uhi ʻia o nā wai me ka hau. Hāʻawi ʻia ka trapping i ke kakahiaka a i ʻole i ke ahiahi ma ke ao polū, mālie. I lalo o ia mau ʻano, kū lākou e kokoke loa i ka wai o ka wai. No ka lawaiʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ʻupena lolo maʻamau maʻamau.
Pono e kau ʻia nā mea kuʻuna i loko o ka pahu kalepa a lulu pinepine ʻia. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ma ka nui kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ka hele ʻana a hiki iā lākou ke make. H holoi ʻia nā hale crustacean a hele i kahi sieve e ʻano e ka nui.
Nā ʻōnaehana o nā kaiāulu
Hiki ke ulu i ka Daphnia ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia wahi.
ʻAeʻoluʻolu nā crustaceans i ka wai me nā ʻae aʻe:
- Kūleʻa. ʻIke maikaʻi ka flea wai i loko o kahi pūʻulu me kahi ākea pālahalaha. ʻO ka mahana kiʻekiʻe ʻo ka 18-24 kiʻekiʻe.
- He kikowaena. Pili ʻia ʻo Daphnia i nā wai pohō, no laila e pono ka wai o ka wai.
- ʻŌpiopio. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i ka daphnia ke noho i loko o kahi kaiāulu me ka wai haumia, no laila hiki ke piʻi ka pae o ka oxygen mai ka zero a nui ka saturated. ʻO kēia ahonui o nā mea maʻi e pili ana me kā lākou hiki ke hana i ka hemoglobin. ʻAʻole ka ʻae ʻia ʻo Crustaceans i ke ʻano mehana me ka nui o nā poha liʻiliʻi. Ke hele ikaika ka mana o ka oxygen, hana i kahi layer busa ma luna o ka pūlima, hiki ke make.
- Ammonia. ʻO kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka amonia ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ke kino o Daphnia a hiki i ka hopena i ka uluʻana o kā lākou hānai.
- Nā minuke.Hoʻopau ikaika nā Crustaceans i nā loli i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mea kemana o ka wai. ʻO kahi hoʻonui liʻiliʻi i ka nui o ka zinc, magnesium a i ʻole potala i ka aquatic environment e hiki ke hoʻopōʻino iā lākou. No laila, he liʻiliʻi iki ka nui o ke keleawe e hōʻemi ana i ka hana a Daphnia, a hiki i ka phosphorus ke kumu i ka make ʻana o nā ʻōpiopio.
Aaan
Hoʻonui hou ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wai me ka oxygen i ka wā e ulu ana i kekahi mau ʻano. Hoʻokomo ʻo Aeration i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o phytoplankton a pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma luna o ka wai. Pono ka neʻe o ka lewa me ka ikaika ʻoi aʻe a i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka pilikia.
He aha e hānai ai
I ka vivo, e kīloi ana ka daphnia i ka microplankton, nā meaʻala, a me ka mea hū.
E kiʻi i nā bacteria, e hoʻohemo i nā ʻōmole maiʻa i ka wai mahana a hoʻopaʻa i 6-7 mau lā. Ke komo ka wai, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ke kō me ka nui o ka mea kanu i ka waiakū i ka nui o ka 0.5 lita no 20 mau wai o ka wai.
No ka hānai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ʻai palaoa a malo ʻole paha, waiwai i nā momona. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pipi i ka helu o ka 28 grika no 20 mau lita o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka Chlorella ma ke ʻano heʻena mikroskopika, kahi e noho ai i nā wahi wai āpau. E hānai i nā algae, e kau wale i kahi wai liʻiliʻi mai ka hale i loko o kahi mahana a mālamalama maikaʻi. Ma lalo o nā ʻano, hoʻomaka ka algae e hoʻonui ikaika.
No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka meaʻai o nā crustaceans, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohui i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o nā pīpī, kāpala a i ʻole wai momona i ka wai, i mea e lilo ai i kumuwaiwai o nā huaora.
Pehea e hoʻonui ai i ka uluʻana o ka huahana
Ke paʻakikī i ka ulu ʻana i ka daphnia ma ka home ʻaʻole paha he mea paʻakikī no nā mea hoʻomaka.
E hoʻonui i nā huahana, e hoʻohana i nā kulekele penei:
- no ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka pahu i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai nā crustaceans, hoʻohana i ka kānana airlirl e hoʻohana ʻia ana i loko o nā kao me ka pā,
- Hoʻololi ʻia ka wai i ka noʻonoʻo i hana ʻia ka hānai a me ka nui o ka pahu, inā he nui ka aquarium, a laila hoʻololi i ka 30% o ka wai hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia 7-10 lā,
- hoiliili pinepine i ka daphnia, e kōkua kēia i ka mālama mau a me ka ulu ʻana o nā crustaceans,
- Pono nā hola o ka lā i ka liʻiliʻi o 18 mau hola, kūpono a me ka ʻū ʻana ʻike.
ʻO nā kūlana e pono ai
Noho ʻo Daphnia a kanu liʻiliʻi wale nō i ke kaola wai ʻano maʻamau. Kāleʻa nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻoulu i nā crustaceans i loko o ka wai polū.
ʻO kahi wahi kūpono kahi pahu wai me ka nui o ka wai a hiki i ka 25 kiʻekiʻe, ka kukui maikaʻi a me ka noho ʻana o nā meaʻai i loko o ke ʻano o ka huʻu maloʻo a i ʻole ka unicellular algae.
ʻAʻole ʻae ʻo Daphnia i nā kolone nui a hiki ke make mai ka nele o ka oxygen. Me ka ulu o ka heluna o nā crustaceans e kanu ʻia i loko o kahi pahu.
ʻĀnō ke ola
Aia ka ola i ke ola ma luna o nā ʻano a me ka pilina mai 22 mau lā a 6 mau mahina. Noho ka noho nui o nā ʻano nui ma mua o nā mea ʻuʻuku.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka manaʻolana i ke ola ma ka mahana wai. I loko o nā hōʻoluʻolu wela, e wikiwiki ana nā kaʻina o ka metabolic, e alakaʻi ai i ka wikiwiki o ke kino a me ka make wikiwiki.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka daphnia i ke ʻano o ka hānai
Loaʻa ka nui o ka protein i ka Daphnia, no laila ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻono maikaʻi ia no ka iʻa akuarium.
ʻO keʻano, he kūpono ke kūpono. ʻO kahi pahu o ka daphnia maloʻo ke kaupaona ana he 100 mau kumukūʻai 30-50 mau rubles, ke aniani - a hiki i 100 rubles. Loaʻa i nā hale kūʻai holoholona hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā kī ola ola. He pōkole lākou i kahi lā pōkole a ʻaʻole ia i haʻahaʻa i ka mea i ka hānai ʻana i nā pulu.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Manaʻo i ka hoʻoulu daphnia - papa Hōʻike ʻia nā Crustaceans e kahi hiʻohiʻona e like me parthenogenesis. ʻO kēia ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka hua me ka hoʻomakeʻa ole pololei.
Ke aloha nui ʻia nā ola ola o kēia ʻano crustacean, hānau ʻo Daphnia nā wahine ma o parthenogenesis, hānau ʻana i nā wahine wale nō.
I ka awelika, hāʻawi ka mea hoʻokahi i nā keiki i ka nui o 10 mauplii, a no laila e hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ma ka lā 4 ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. I ka wā o kona ola, lawe ʻo ka daphnia wahine i nā keiki a hiki i 25 mau manawa.
Ke hoʻomohala nei nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni, hānau ʻia nā kāne, a ʻo nā hanauna hou o nā crustaceans e hōʻiliʻili i nā hua e pono ai ke hōʻolua. Nā hua hua Daphniahoʻokumu ʻia i loko o kahi wā ulu i loko o nā embryos liʻiliʻi, ua uhi ʻia iā lākou me ka pale ʻalu kūikawā a hele i ka wā hānau.
Ma kēia hoʻohālike, hiki i nā embaphos Daphnia ke ola i ka maloʻo a me ka hau nui. I ka hoʻi ʻana o nā kūlana kūlohelohe i ka maʻamau, ulu lākou i ka pākeke. E hōʻiliʻili hou ka hanauna hou i nā wahine wale nō i hiki ke parthenogenesis.
ʻO kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka daphnia ʻo ka cyclomorphosis. I nā manawa ʻokoʻa o ka makahiki, hānau ʻia nā mea ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano kino like ʻole ma ka heluna like.
No laila, ʻo nā hanauna kauwela o Daphnia i kahi huʻu huelo elongated a he outgrowth i luna o ka pāpale. I waena o nā hypotheses he nui e pili ana i ka kūpono o nā loli, ʻo ia ka mea nui e pale ai i nā mea wīwī, e ʻoi aku ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ke kauwela.
He pōkole ke ola o ke daphnia a ʻokoʻa mai ka 3 wiki i 5 mau mahina i kau ʻia i nā ʻano. ʻO nā noho nui nui e like me Daphnia Magna i noho lōʻihi ma mua o kā lākou mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Loaʻa ka nui o ke ola o ka daphnia i ka mahana o ka wai - ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka wikiwiki nā kaʻina metabola wikiwiki, e hoʻoulu hou ke kino, ʻo ia ka makahiki a make wikiwiki hoʻi.
ʻO nā ʻano o Daphnia
Hoʻokomo ʻia o kā lākou ʻano ʻano i hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano o nā crustaceans branched, nona ka 10 mau ʻohana. I Lūkia, ʻekolu mauʻano:
- ʻO Magna ka mea nui loa, e hōʻea ana i ka lōʻihi o 6 mm i ka wahine, 2 mm i ke kāne a me 0.7 i ka larva. Ripens i nā lā 12-14 a hāʻawi i nā ʻōpala i 2 mau pule, e waiho ana ma ka awelika 20-30, a hiki i 80 mau hua (ephippias) i ka manawa. Ola e pili ana i nā lā 110-150.
- Kahi ka nui o ka puleks, ulu a nui ka wahine i 3-4 mm, a ʻo ke kāne ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1-2 mm. Hoʻopili i nā lā 3-5, a hāʻawi i nā testicles 10-25. ʻO ke ola he 26-47 lā.
- ʻO ka moʻo ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, he pūʻe a palu a kūpono no ka hānai ʻana i ka pākī. ʻAʻole ulu hou he 1.5 mm, a ʻoi aku ka mau keiki hou ma kahi o 0,5 mm. Ke puka nei ka mooolelo i loko o kahi lā, a mau nā litters i kēlā me kēia lā 1-2, a hiki i ka 53 ephippias kēlā Ola e pili ana i nā lā 22.
Kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu i ka wā e hoʻokuʻi ʻia e nā amateurs, me ka ʻole o ka mālama pono ʻia. Akā ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama ʻana iā lākou a me ka launa pū me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe e waiwai e ʻike.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: ʻO Daphnia crustaceans
Aia ka hapanui i kū i ka kolamu wai, e neʻe ana me ke kōkua o nā ʻeke, i kekahi manawa e holo like ma lalo o ka pahu wai a i ʻole nā paia o ka aku. Hāʻawi pinepine lākou e like me ke manawa o ke ao: i ka ʻālamu ʻana, hoʻomālamalama lākou i loko o ka wai, a ʻo ka pō ke alo lākou.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ikaika nui o kēia mau neʻe, no laila he kumu lākou. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nō i hiki ke ʻimi pono iā ia. Nui a he ʻoiaʻiʻo paha. Eia kekahi, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka daphnia nui i ka hohonu o ka lā e lilo ai i ka liʻiliʻi o nā poʻe wānana - ma hope o ka nui, ua hoʻomālamalama ʻia nā papa hohonu o ka wai.
Kuhi ʻia kēia manaʻo i ka mea i loko o nā kaola waʻa ʻole i ʻole iʻa kekahi iʻa e ʻai ai iā Daphnia, ʻoi loa ka hana o kēlā mau neʻe. Aia ka wehewehe maʻalahi - ke makemake nei nā daphnia i kēlā keʻena wai, kahi e kūpono ai ka mahana a me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana iā lākou, a i ka lā e neʻe ai ia a i lalo.
Mai nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ua nui loa ka manaʻo o ko lākou ola. ʻO ka maʻamau ka maʻalahi ka paila - ka nui loa a ola lōʻihi. Loaʻa ʻo Daphnia liʻiliʻi i nā lā 20-30, ʻo ka nui loa a hiki i ka 130-150 lā.
He mea kupaianaha: Ma ka daphnia he mea maʻamau ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka pae o ka maʻi o ka nui o nā kūmole. ʻOiai kekahi i pane mai i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - no ka laʻana, hiki iā lākou ke lohi a hāʻule paha i lalo.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
He nui a maikaʻi ʻole ʻo Daphnia, a hoihoi kā lāua hōʻola hou i nā hana ʻelua - hana hou lākou i ka moe a me ka moʻoolelo. I ka hihia mua, komo pū nā wahine ʻē a komo ka parthenogenesis. ʻO ia, hoʻohālikelike lākou iā lākou iho me ka hoʻomokaʻa ʻole ʻana, a loaʻa i kā kā lākou keiki ka hua like e like me ke ʻano o ka makua hoʻokahi. Mahalo ia i ka parthenogenesis, i ka manawa i hiki mai nā kūlana maikaʻi i ka nui o kā lākou waiwai i loko o ke kōkele e ulu nui ana i ka manawa pōkole loa: ʻo ka manawa maʻamau kēia ʻano hana ma Daphnia i ka hopena o ka puna a me ke kauwela, i ka wā i loaʻa ai ka hapa nui o ka meaʻai no lākou.
ʻO ka hana hou i kēia hihia: penei ka kau ʻana o nā hua i loko o kahi ana a hoʻoulu ʻia me ke kīleʻa. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kā lākou kūkulu ʻana a i ka manawa hou o ka Daphnia hou, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wahine, a ma hope wale iho o nā lā 3-6 mau lā, hiki ke neʻe hou. I kēlā manawa, ua mākaukau hoʻi nā wahine i ʻike hou i ka wā hope.
Hāʻawi ʻia i mau manawa o ka Daphnia hou i loko o kēlā me kēia puke, ulu nui kā lākou helu i loko o ka puʻu i loko o ka wai puʻupuʻu, a i loko o hoʻokahi wale nō mau pule he hiki ke hoʻopiha - ʻikea ʻia kēia e ka uhi ʻulaʻula o ka wai. Inā he hoʻomaka ʻole ka meaʻai, ʻike ʻia nā kāne ma ka heluna: ua liʻiliʻi lākou a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā wahine, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻano. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka wahine, ma muli o nā hua i puka i ke kapa ʻia ʻo ephippia - kahi membrane chitinous ikaika e hiki ai ke ola i nā kūlana pōʻino.
No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole lākou mālama i ka anu a i ʻole ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i kahi kōhao, hiki ke mālama ʻia e ka makani me ka lepo, ʻaʻole lākou e make i ka wā e hele ana ma ka hoʻowalewale o nā holoholona. ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā paʻakai ʻona i nā hopena i mea ʻole ʻole iā lākou, he ʻokoʻa ka maikaʻi o kā lākou.
Akā, inā e hoʻonui pinepine ʻo Daphnia e ka parthenogenesis maʻalahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka bisexual, a ma nā ʻano he nui i make nā wahine ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i kā lākou hua. Ma hope o ka hāʻule i loko o nā kūlana maikaʻi, loaʻa mai ka hanauna hou o ka daphnia mai nā hua hua a ulu hou e ka parthenogenesis. Eia kekahi, ʻike wale ʻia nā wāhine, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ola nā kāne ma nā kūlana ʻino.
ʻĀnō maopopo iā ʻoe pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai iā Daphnia. E ʻike i nā mea pōʻino e kali ana iā Daphnia i ka hihiu.
Mea ʻai
Ke hana nui nei i ka kanu ʻana i nā crustaceans e pāʻani ʻia ma ka hānai ʻana. Hoʻomaʻa ka wai kīkē i ka huaʻai a me ka plankton, a no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka home, hāʻawi ka poʻe aquarist i kēia mau meaʻai e hiki ai ke ʻai no ka iʻa.
- ʻOleʻa - no ka hānai e koho i kahi hua maloʻo a maloʻo paha, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka wai kai i ka nui o 28 g / 20 l o ka wai, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau o ka meaʻai no nā crustaceans.
- Kūpono ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - ua lawe ʻia ka huahana i loko o nā kaila wai kūlohelohe, ka ʻilo ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka wai pua a waiho i kahi ipu me ka wai ma lalo o ke kukui kūlohelohe, a i kahi wahi wela.
- Ka wai ʻai - nā huina he 1 tsp / 5 l o ka wai. Hoʻololi ka wai momona i ka mea kanu, a lawe i nā mea pono e pono ai no ka hoʻolālā.
- ʻO nā maʻi Bacteria - i ka home, loaʻa nā hōʻiliʻili mai ka ʻili o nā maiʻa, nā kōkē a me nā mea ʻai meaʻai, e hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka wai mahana a waiho ʻia no 5-6 mau lā. Hoʻohui ʻia ka wai me nā bacteria e hana nei ma ke ʻano no ka daphnia i ka pahu i kahi hapa o 450 g / 20 l.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ʻo Daphnia
Kuhi: nā hua Daphnia
He nui nā ʻenemi liʻiliʻi a pale ʻole ʻole nā mea make - nā mea kai ʻai e ʻai nei ma luna o lākou.
- iʻa liʻiliʻi
- aniani
- ʻawaʻawa
- baki
- k? ne? ana o n? a me n?
- nā mea noho kaiāulu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka nui a me nā iʻa nā pā daphnia ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i makemake nui ʻia - no ka mea, he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia, e koi nui ana ma ka saturate. Akā he trifle kahi mea hou loa, no nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, inā he nui nā daphnia i loko o ka hale kō, ʻo lākou ka mea mālama i ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai.
He mea kūpono loa kēia no nā ʻano nui, no ka mea ʻo ka daphnia liʻiliʻi ʻo kā lākou nui nui e lilo i ka pale - ʻoiai hiki i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi ke alualu ʻole i kahi pahu o ka hapalua kenimeri, ʻo kekahi mea ʻē aʻe kekahi o 3-5 mm. ʻO ka iʻa ʻo ia ka mea nui e kinai ai iā Daphnia, a ʻoi, ua hānai lākou ma luna o ka pā iʻa nui. No lākou, ʻo daphnia kekahi o nā kumu nui e ʻai ai.
Eia nō naʻe inā ʻaʻohe wahi i loko o ke kōkuhi, ke alo nei lākou i ka nui o nā pōʻino: ke ʻai ʻia nei nā kānaka nui e nā palaka a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, a ʻai pū ka ʻōpio me nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻAi ʻo ka ʻoi a me nā mollusks predatory i ka daphnia - ʻoiai ua hoʻāʻo ʻo daphnia e "lele" mai kekahi o lākou, ʻokoʻa ka iʻa i ka nui o ka iʻa.
He mea kupaianaha: Hōʻike ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke ʻano Daphnia i nā mea hoihoi no nā ʻepekema: a ma kahi o 35% o nā huahana gen i loaʻa i ka genome he meaʻokoʻa loa, ʻoiai he mea kūpaʻa loa ia i kekahi hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni. Ma muli o kēia ua hoʻololi koke ʻo Daphnia i kēia manawa.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: Daphnia i ka wai
ʻAʻole hiki ke helu ʻia ka helu o ka Daphnia e noho ana i nā wai wai o ka honua - ua maopopo wale nō ia he nui loa a ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia ʻano ola. Noho lākou i ka honua āpau, i nā kūlana like, loli a loli hou a hiki i ka poʻe i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke ola ma mua. Ke kāpae nei iā lākou ma ke kumu i lilo i hana koʻikoʻi.
Eia, loaʻa iā lākou kahi kūlana o ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻoweliweli ʻia a ʻaʻole pale mai i ke kānāwai; ʻO kekahi laʻana, nui ka poʻe nona nā aquariums e hana i kēia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā ʻoe e kūʻai i ka daphnia maloʻo no ka meaʻai iʻa, hiki ke hopu ʻia i ka lepo a me ka hona o ka wai ʻole.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā wai lepo i ka mea mālama lāʻau lapaʻau - ʻaʻohe ʻai o laila ma laila, no laila ua ākea lākou. Hōʻike hou kēia manawa i ka ʻano kūlohelohe a lākou, akā e koho pono iā ʻoe i kahi e hopu ai iā lākou, inā ʻole ke make ka iʻa. Ua loaʻa ʻo Daphnia i kahi kahe wai maʻemaʻe a hoʻokomo i loko o ka aquarium i mea kanu maikaʻi loa na lākou.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hiki i nā hua o ke daphnia ke ʻano ʻokoʻa i loko o ke kino like me ka manawa e ulu ai lākou. No ka laʻana, hana pinepine nā hanauna i ke kauwela i kahi pāpale ma ke poʻo a me ka pono ma ka huelo. Ke ulu lākou, pono ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu, ma muli o ka hopena, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hapa o ke kanaka, akā ua hoʻāpono ʻia kēia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pale ana nā outgrowth mai nā mea ʻike.
I ke kauwela, nui nā mea e hoʻolaha pono ana, a no kēia mau puka ʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kekahi o lākou e huki iā Daphnia, i kekahi manawa wā ua uhaʻi lākou i ka huʻu, no ka mea hiki iā Daphnia ke holo aku. I ka manawa like, he kūlike nā outgrowth, a no laila ʻaʻole e lilo maʻalahi i ka nānāʻana no ka mea.
Daphnia - he wahi ʻona liʻiliʻi a noho ʻole i loko o nā loko, nā loko a me nā ʻopihi hoʻi, e hana ana i kekahi mau hana pono i ka manawa hoʻokahi, he ʻokoʻa kā lākou noiʻi ʻana i mea nui loa no nā ʻepekema. ʻAe, a ʻike maopopo lākou i ka poʻe nona nā aquariums mua - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi wale i ka Daphnia maloʻo i ka iʻa, akā e hoʻomaka pū kekahi mau crustaceans lākou nei e hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ka wai.
Daphnia i ka aquarium
E hoʻoneʻe i nā crustaceans i loko o nā kalapu paʻa, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i kekahi mau kūlana no ko lākou ola:
- Koho i kahi ipu pono i hana ʻia o ke aniani a i ʻole ka plexiglass, i ka manawa mua me ka hiki o 1-3 lita, e hoʻololi i ia me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka helu o ka poʻe e noho ana, me ka mālama ʻana i ka like o ka 0.3-1 kg / m³,
- hoʻohana i ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a i ʻole wai, me ka paakū o 6-18 ° a me kahi pH kūleʻa o 7.2-8, me ka waho o ka klorika a me nā kīʻaha kūlohelohe, kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke kānana.
- waiho ia i kahi kiko hiki koke mai, me ka makemake ʻole nā crustaceans e ʻoluʻolu nui,
- hoʻonā i kahi kukui 20 W ana, e hāʻawi ana i ka kukui māmā no 14-16 mau hola i kēlā me kēia lā,
- hōʻoia i ka mahana ma waena o + 20 ... + 24 ° C no Daphnia vulgaris a me 26 ... + 28 ° C no Moin, ma kahi nohona
- hoʻolako i ka meaʻai piha, hoʻokaʻawale i ke kapa ma luna o kahi wai a hiki i kona nūnū iki, a hoʻohui pū i kahi ʻāpana hou ma hope o ka mālamalama.
- pono, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻololi i ka wai i ʻili ʻole ka ʻili a me ke silika ma lalo, me ka pōkole hoʻi ma nā paia.
- hoʻohana i ka hoʻohuihui nāwaliwali e hoʻohemo i ke kiʻi ma ka pae, hoʻopili i ka ʻai, hāʻawi i ka loaʻa o ka oxygen ma kahi o 3-8 mg / l a me ka oxidizability o 14.8-26.2 mg O2 / l.
E hoʻomaka me, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i nā hua crustacean a holo iā lākou i kahi pahu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Pono ke kanaka e ʻānai ʻia e ʻupena me ka upena e hānai koke, maloʻo a manu ʻole.
Pūnaewele
Nui ka poʻe i hānai i ka daphnia ma ka home, he maʻalahi maʻalahi. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hāʻawi ʻia i ka noʻonoʻo pono i kēia kaʻina hana. Hoʻokani ʻia ka hana nui ma ke kala o ka wai ma ka pahu. Pono ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha.
Mai poina e hoʻohui i ka mea hānai i kāu papaʻai
ʻO nā luna ʻē aʻe o nā kino wai, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole ke ʻae ʻia nā cyclops e komo i ka pahu Daphnia. I ka home, me kaʻai ʻana o nā crustaceans e pono ai i ka lettu malo maloʻo a me nā hua waina. Hoʻohui ʻia ka mea hū me ka meaʻai o ka meaʻai. Ua nahohia lākou i kahi kūlana o ka pauma a laila kānana ʻia ma ka gauze. E hoʻomaka iā lākou ma ka home, pono ʻoe e lawe i ka wai me nā mauʻu 50 mai kahi hale kūlohelohe me kahi meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a laila holo wale ʻia i loko o kahi moku i hoʻomākaukau ʻia.
ʻO kekahi mau kiʻi hou a me nā nānā
Lawe wau i kekahi mau kiʻi ʻoi aku ka lanakila o Daphnia Puleks.
Hōʻike maopopo ka ʻaoʻao i ka ʻaoʻao i ka nauplii a me ka ʻumiʻumi keʻokeʻo o nā ciliates, e uhi ana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpala.
Hoʻopili ke Daphnia i ka mālamalama, i uhi ʻia me nā koloni o nā ciliates
A eia naʻe, ʻo ka daphnia i ke nānā piha he mea kupanaha. He malihini! A i ʻole he moku malihini, ʻike maoli:
ʻO Daphnia i kahi nānā piha - ka moku haole
ʻO Daphnia Pulex i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka wai
Hopu Daphnia
Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻaka wai ma ke kūʻokoʻa i loko o nā loko liʻiliʻi, nā loko me nā wai wai, nā lua, nā ʻoka a me nā kino wai ʻē aʻe me ka nui o ka nui o nā kānaka iʻa. ʻAʻole lākou ʻano iki i nā kūlana wai, akā aia wale nō i loko o ka wai kūlohelohe. He mea maʻalahi loa ia e ʻike iā lākou me ka mālama ʻana i ka mānoanoa ma kahi hina a hina-brown a brownish paha.
Mai nānā ʻoe iā lākou i loko o nā hale inu waʻa piha, loko o nā loko me nā iʻa a me nā mea kauwila. ʻO ka hele ʻana o ka hopena no ka hopena wale nō ka nui o ka plankton, akā, ʻo kona ʻano maikaʻi hoʻi, a e hoʻonui hoʻi i ka hoʻomau ʻia o nā maʻi i ka iʻa akuarium.
No ka hopu ʻana i ka bioplankton, pono ʻoe e lawe i kahi upena mesh maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole kaʻauʻau panui muslin. E pono ke neʻe ʻana i nā neʻe Scooping i ke kiʻi ʻewalu a lohi. Hoʻopuka ka scooping wikiwiki i ka piʻi nui o ka crustaceans a i ko lākou make.
ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa no kēia ma ka wā o ka pua, i ka manawa e piʻi ai ke ʻano o ke algae ma loko. A ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana ma kēia wahi a ka wai pāpaku, i ke ahiahi a i ke ao pōkole paha. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he maikaʻi ke kahe o nā crustaceans ma ka lā nani, ma lalo o lākou plankton-like e hele i kahi kokoke i lalo.
Hoʻaiho
Loaʻa ʻo Daphnia i nā wai pohihihi āpau, mai ka wai wai a ka hohonu hohonu. Loaʻa kēia mau crustaceans i loko o Antarctica. ʻO ke kūlana nui no ka noho ʻana o ka daphnia i ka wai kūlohelohe me ka hapa liilii o nā ʻāpana ʻāina.
A komo ka daphnia i loko o ka wai, a kānana lākou i ka lepo a hōʻiliʻili pinepine i ko lākou mau ʻōpū me nā algae, pākuʻi ʻia. ʻAʻole makemake kēia mau crustaceans i nā kahakui palaho, no laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokolokolo i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o kahi wai, loko a i ʻole ka loko.
E ola lākou ma kahi o 22 mau lā
Ma nā hale waiwai kahi e noho ai ʻo Daphnia, hele ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma ka kolamu wai. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano noho ke noho i lalo, e ʻai ana i nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu kanu ma laila, ke koena o ka invertebrates. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe - nā moa, nā lua me ka wai. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui nā Crustaceans i ka kukui, a i ka nani a hele lākou i ka hohonu. Noho ʻo Greater Daphnia no 110-150 lā. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke ola o nā mea ʻē aʻe a hiki i 22 mau lā.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu a kūlohelohe a Daphnia
ʻAʻole ʻike nā wai Fleas i nā mea ola maoli, ka mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hele ʻana o nā ovaries i nā wahine a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā kāne. Hoʻololi pū kekahi me ka nui a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka antennae. Akā i loko o lākou, e like me nā mea āpau o nā lālā āpau, hoʻoulu ʻia ka hana ma o parthenogenesis cyclic. Nui ka hana nui o ka sex sex like i ka wā e noho wale ana nā wahine wahine i ka heluna kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kauwela mahana kauwela e ulu a uʻi nā ʻōpio mai kā lākou huaʻāina hua ʻole. I ka wā hemo a e maloʻo nā waiwai, puka nā kāne mai nā eippippias like. Ua hoʻonui ʻia kā lākou embryo ma lalo o ke kalaka a kali i kahi mau mololo, a puka i waho.
Me ka hoʻomakeʻa piha, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne male i nā wahine, e hoʻopili ana i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kālai. I ka wā parthenogenesis, nā kāne like a pau ke kī like. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoeʻana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka lōʻihi o nā hola i ke ao, ua kū mai ka hua bisexual. I ka manawa like, ua hānau ʻia nā kāne ma kekahi mau kanaka, aʻo kekahi mau mea e pani ana i nā ephippias, kahi hoʻomaha ma ka hoʻomaha. Halahalaha lākou me ka makani, ma nā wāwae a i ʻole nā hulu o nā manu, nā mommals, i ka loko o ka iʻa. I ka hoʻoilo, aia lākou ma luna o ka wai o i a i nā papa i luna o ka silt. He pale ia i ka hau a maloo paha, a i ke komo ʻana i ka wahi maikaʻi, hoʻomaka ke hoʻomohala ʻia.
No ka mahiʻai, lawe ʻia nā hua maloʻo a waiho ʻia i kahi ʻano kūpono. Ke ulu nui a hoʻonui lākou, hiki i ka 30-50 g o nā crustaceans mai 1 m3 nā eppippies. ʻElua mau kuhikuhi i ka ʻai ʻana:
- Hoʻohui, i loko o ka meaʻai i hoʻokomo ʻia ai i loko o ka pahu me Daphnia. ʻO ka Negative ka wikiwiki koke ʻana a me ka pono no ka loli pinepine ʻana.
- E hoʻokaʻawale i kahi kūpono no ka hoʻōla pālahalaha. I kēia hihia, ulu ke algae i kahi pahu kaʻawale, ka mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pahu lewa 1-2 mau manawa i ka lā i ka wā e hānai ai.
Kēia mea kaulana i ka mahiʻai ʻana o nā lau crustaceans i loko o nā loko nui a me nā umela. Ma kēia hihia, hoʻololi ka mea hoʻopuka i ka wai i kēlā me kēia hebedoma a hala paha mau mahina a kūʻai hou aku i ka mea kanu i mea e pale ai i kona wā kahiko.
Hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka
Ma ka hui pū me nā iniseti, nui ka poʻe e manaʻo e ʻoki ʻo Water Fleas. Akā ʻaʻole lākou ona kūpono kūpono, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua haʻalele ʻia kēlā mau ʻano. Hiki i ka Daphnia ke hana ʻino wale i ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻano maʻi (allergy) i ka poʻe predisposed iā ia. Ma ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka meaʻai, hōʻiliʻili lākou i ka hae pollen, ka mea e hoʻonaninani ai i nā mea maloʻo.
Wahi a nā helu helu, aneane like ʻaneʻane i loko o ka ʻehā o nā kānaka he maʻi i nā crustaceans. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia iho i kēlā mau hōʻailona:
- hihilehu kaila ʻili, e like me ka hives,
- maloʻo maloʻo a me ka nasal congestion, ihu runny,
- ʻaihue pinepine ʻole
- huiʻi aku me ka holo
- paʻakikī ka hanu ma muli o bronchospasm
- Hoʻokomo pūnana bronchial.
E hōʻike i ke ʻano, ke hōʻike nei nā kauka i kahi hoʻokolokolo ʻili. I kahi hihia o nā hopena kūpono, ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā antihistamines a me ka wehe ʻana i ka pilina me Daphnia.
Kūpono ma ka kūlohelohe
I nā mahina kauwela, ʻike pinepine ka daphnia i nā pua wai a me nā loko, kahi e ʻike ai i ke koʻikoʻi o ke algae. He mea maʻalahi wale ke hoʻōla ʻia o ka daphnia, i pili i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka parthenogenesis.
ʻO ka Parthenogenesis ka mana o ka hana hou ʻana me ka ʻole o ka pono o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ke hoʻokaʻina hou ka huaʻala i ka genotype o ka makua, a i kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa āpau o ke kūlana physiological i hoʻoholo ʻia e nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Hiki i Parthenogenesis hoʻonui i ka daphnia e hoʻonui wikiwiki i lalo o nā kūlana makemake, ma hope koke o kā lākou puka ʻana mai hua hua. Ke kūlohelohe nei, i ka hopena o ka puna, ke kauwela a me ka wā o ka wā lohi, ma muli o ke aniani, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ka hiki ʻana o nā huahana o kā lākou metabolism, hoʻonui nui ka daphnia i ka parthenogenetically, e hāʻawi ana i ka awelika o 10 mauplii i ka pākeke. I kēia manawa, ʻike wale nā wahine i loko o ka loko. Kūkulu ʻia kahi embryo i loko o ka hana maternal me kahi mikroscope. Hiki i nā wahine o ka hanauna hou ke parthenogenesis ma hope o 4 mau lā o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, me ka hānau ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā ʻekolu. I ka manawa o kona ola ʻana, hiki i ka wahine ke loaʻa ka manawa e hānau ai 25 mau makahiki, akā ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa iki ka liʻiliʻi a me ka wahine i ka hua o ka 100 keiki.
Me ka nele o ka meaʻai, e ulu kekahi mau hua a nā kāne, a ʻo nā wahine e hoʻomaka i nā hua e hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hope i loko o nā embryos liʻiliʻi, a laila hibernate, i uhi ʻia me ka wai melemele / ʻoneʻale ʻeleʻele, i ʻike ʻia he ephippia. Ma kēia ʻano, hiki i ka daphnia ke hoʻomanawanui i nā kūlana kūlohelohe o ke kaiāulu, ka hoʻomaloʻo pōkole o ka puna wai a me kona kū manuʻu wale. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻōpū wahine i hānau ʻia i ka ephippia i nā poʻe parthenogenetic, no ka mea aia ka ulu ʻana o ka ephippia i kā lākou ʻano ma ke ʻano he wahi ʻeleʻele i ka pihi o ke kino. Ke lilo hou i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, e kū hou ana kekahi hanauna mai nā hua, a, hānau ʻo ia i nā wahine wale nō, aʻo nā kāne a pau ma mua o nā ʻano maikaʻi.
Pālā wai wai
No ka hānai ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o Daphnia, e koi ʻia kekahi mau ʻōhua wai:
- Ka hele ʻana o ka paʻakai. A no ka noho maoli ʻana o kēia mau mea i ka wai wai, e hoʻopiha ʻia ka hale ʻaʻa me ka wai kūpono.
- ʻŌpiopio. Noho ka Crustaceans i ka wai, kahi ʻokoʻa o ka oxygen. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kuʻuna i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā crustaceans. Ma lalo o kēlā mau ʻano, e hoʻomāhuahua aʻe lākou.
- Ka hana. Kākoʻo ʻia ia ma ka pae o 7-8 mau ʻāpana.
- Kūleʻa. He kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana ma waena o 18-22 mau kiʻekiʻe.
Daphnia ma lalo o ke kamaʻāina (wikiō)
I ke kiʻi ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi lehelehe nui i luna, ke uhi ʻia ka waha o nā kahe wai. ʻO nā hui āpau kahi e hoʻopili ai i nā pua nalo i ka daphnia. Ua hoʻolako ʻia ka lehelehe me nā kūlima puʻu, kahi e loaʻa ai nā sela polyploid nui. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea huna i nā ʻāpana meaʻai i loko o hoʻokahi pahu. E hoʻopau ana kekahi pākeke i aneane ʻeono haneri o ka nui o kona momona pono i ka lā.
FAKOA! E hoʻopau koke i nā fleas, ʻekolu wale nō nā koho pono:
- Kāhea i ka lawelawe lawelawe disustestation (mahal),
- Ke kūʻai ʻana o ka mea hoʻopukapuka uila (1390 rubles),
- Nā kumuhana (nā hopena kānalua).
E makemake paha ʻoe i ka ʻatikala ma nā fleas moose.
ʻO ka Hale Hanaola me ka lapaʻau ʻo Daphnia Tank
Pono e hoʻololi i ka wai (ma kahi o 25% o ka nui) me ka wai hou o ka pākana i kēlā me kēia mau lā 2-3. Hoʻomaopopo ia e hoʻohui i ka hoʻololi o ka wai me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lalo, i kahi e noho ai nā ʻōpala a me nā mea kanu make. Hoʻomaʻa ka wai ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi siphon - mālama pinepine ʻia kāna hana e ka hose maʻamau o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (ma loko o 1 cm) me kahi auʻu ma kekahi kihi. He kūpono ka hoʻouluʻana o ka paipu ma lalo, e ʻoki ana i ka ʻōpala. E like me ka mea hale hoʻolaʻa, maʻamau i nā wā e uhi ʻia nā pā me ka loina. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻoneʻe me ka mea uka, a me nā hina i hāʻule iho e wehe i ka siphon.
Inā hoʻololi wale ʻia ka wai, a laila pono e kau i kahi moʻo maikaʻi ma ka hapa wai o ka puna wai, kahi mau pūʻulu o nā daphnias e hoʻonā hou aku i ka hose ʻO nā Crustaceans i loaʻa i kēia ala e hoʻopiha i ka meaʻai o ka iʻa.
ʻO ka mea nui loa, a i ʻole no ka hoʻoholo ʻana, ʻo ka hele ʻana o nā snails i loko o ke kō, e nui nā ʻehā. ʻO nā mea e hoʻohana nui ʻia ana i nā ʻakuna. Lawelawe lākou i ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ola maikaʻi a palekana hoʻi no Daphnia. ʻO nā koena o ka hānai a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe e ʻai ʻia, a mālama ʻia ko lākou ʻano me kahi wahi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā koloni o nā huakini nitrifying e pili ana i ka pōʻai o ka nitrogen. Mahalo iā lākou, ua hoʻemi ʻia nā kumukūʻai hana no ka mālama ʻana i kahi aquarium me nā crustaceans i hoʻemi iki ʻia a hōʻemi ʻia nā pilikia o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nitrite a me ka nitrate i nā waiwai pōʻino.
Nā ʻano ʻāpana crustaceans ma nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka honua
Ma ʻEulopa a me Amerika, aia ma kahi o 150 mau ʻano. Nui ka poʻe o lākou i hāʻule ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. A ua pinepine kēia i nā ala like ʻole.
He mau holoholona kupaianaha loa nā Crustaceans. Hāʻawi nā ʻepekema kanaka i kahi hiʻohiʻona: inā i ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea mai ka ʻōpala hoʻokahi, akā noho i nā kūlana like ʻole a me nā noho maʻamau, hiki iā lākou ke ulu like like me kekahi.
Hiki i nā Daphnia (a i ʻole nā mea kanu wai) ke uhi ʻia i loko o nā loko wai. Maʻa pinepine ʻia e lilo i meaʻai no ka pēke a me ka iʻa.
He moku a iʻa paha no ka ulu ʻana
No ke kanuʻana o ka "meaʻai ola" kahi pahu a 15-20 lita he maikaʻi loa. Ma ke koho ʻana i kahi moku, e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo penei:
- e koho i ka makemake i kahi mea e hoʻokuʻu ʻole ai i nā meaʻeha i ka wai (no ka laʻana, ka polymers synthetic). ʻO ka ipu kūpono he kīʻaha ipu wai a māka aku paha.
- Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi kīʻaha maʻalahi, a ʻoi loa ka nui o ka wahi ma ka lewa. Pono kēia kūlana no ka hoʻololi o ka ʻenehana kūlohelohe a me ka hoʻolako ʻana o nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi me ka oxygen,
- inā naʻe e koho ʻoe i kahi pahu metala - pono ʻole ia e hana i ke kila kila,
- inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā e mālama i kahi moku me nā crustaceans i loko o kahi lumi me nā kukui makamae a i ʻole ma ke ala ma lalo o nā kukui māmā o ka lā - e lawe i kahi ipu me kahi liʻiliʻi o 40 lita.
Ma nā loko aku, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohou i nā iʻa e like me ka guppies, iʻa iʻa hōʻaiʻe, arovanu, discus, gourami, pecilia, astronotus, iʻa iʻa, veiltail, iʻa iʻa, lalius, ancistrus, pecilia, catfish, barbs a me nā ʻōpala.
Nā kūlana pilikino
A laila, e noʻonoʻo i nā hana olakino e pono ai no ka hoʻomōhala pono ʻana o Daphnia.
- Kūleʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopili nā Crustaceans i kahi ākea ākea. ʻO ka mahana kūpono ʻo + 18-22 ° C. Hoʻopau nā pulupulu Daphnia me ka piʻi o nā haʻahaʻa ma luna o 10 ° C. No nā magna crustaceans i ke kūlohelohe, hiki i ka mahana wela ke loaʻa hoʻokahi wale nō ma ka makahiki.
- He kikowaena. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO Daphnia kahi mea ola wai ola. ʻO nā genus o nā lau crankace planktonic, aia kahi mahele o nā māka moana. 99% ka wai o ka wai i ka wai, aʻo ke koena e noho nui ana ma ka wai aniani a me ka wai kai. Ua loaʻa nā ʻōkuhi pilikino i ka wai me ka paʻakai ma luna o 0.004 ppm.
- pH a me ka haukini. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka optimum he hydrogen index (pH) o 6.5-9.5. ʻO Ammonia, ʻoi loa i nā hoʻokaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua make i nā mea ola a pau. Eia nō naʻe, i kahi aniani alkaline, e piʻi mālie ka pae o ka maʻi o ka ammonia, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i ka olakino o nā daphnids, akā, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻopiʻi. No laila, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka pH a me ka ammonia, ʻaʻole kahi ka hoʻoweliweli i ka loaʻa kūleʻa o ka daphnia. Hoʻonui nui ia i ka pōʻaiʻai hydrogen e hoʻopiʻi i ka pakano o nā pahū a me nā minela.
- ʻŌpiopio. ^ E Ha yM. Manaʻo maikaʻi nā Crustaceans i ka wai maʻemaʻe. I kēia hihia, hiki i ke kumu o ka oxygen i hoʻopau ʻia ke neʻe mai ka ʻina i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka supersaturated. ʻO kēia kūpaʻa moʻomeheu no ka hiki ke hana i ka hemoglobin. ʻAʻole kū ʻo nā Crustaceans i ke kaʻe kikikaʻe liʻiliʻi loa me nā pulu liʻiliʻi o ka ea. Hiki i kēia mau kui ke hoʻomake i nā mea liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi loa ke luku nei i nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi. Palapala ka lulu launa neʻe ma kahi o nā mea ola e kū nei ma luna o ka wai.
- ʻO nā minuke huehue. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokomo loa nā Crustaceans i nā loli i ka waihona kemana o ko lākou wahi. Make lākou i ka manawa ua hoʻohui ʻia ka magnesium, potassium, zinc, sodium a me ka calcium. Hoʻopili ka haʻahaʻa kūmaha haʻahaʻa i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻopiʻi, eia naʻe ka saturation ma kahi o 0.001 ppm e make ai no nā holoholona ʻōpio. ʻO nā mea keleawe haʻahaʻa loa ke kumu i ka kaohi o ka mauheʻe o kēia mau mea. Hiki i nā mea ʻuʻuku ke maʻalahi loa i nā mea i pau i nā mea make (pesticides, bleons, detergents). Ma ka huli ʻana, ʻo ka nitrogen, ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu o ke algae, ʻaʻole e pili i ka daphnia. E hoʻoneʻe i ka chlorine ma ka aquarium, pono ke hoʻohana ʻia a dechlorination. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui pū me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka pā tuff (ma ka pauka form). ʻO ka wai a i ʻole ka wai maoli i hoʻohaumia ʻia.ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka wai hoʻoneʻe, no ka mea ʻole ia i nā minerala i koi ʻia. No ka daphnia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e lawe i ka wai, i hoʻoiho ʻia mai ka hale aku me ka iʻa. Ke ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka wai wai a i ʻole ka wai kai.
Pono kahi hale no ka iʻa akuula a me nā kānaka ʻē aku i ka wai maʻemaʻe i ka wai kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, inā ʻaʻole ʻoliʻoli nui kāu mau holoholona kuhi manu, a ʻaʻole paha lākou e noho pū me ʻoe. E heluhelu pehea e koho ai i kahi kānana, nā mea kanu a me ka ʻōnaehana no ka aquarium, a me ka pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka mika no ka pahu hau o nā mole methylene.
He aha nā mea ʻaila wai e ʻai ai?
I loko o kā lākou wahi kūlohelohe, hānai nā aquarium i nā bacteria, ciliates, algae a me nā hua spungal. I ke kauwela, loaʻa ia lākou ma ka wai, ka mea e oversaturated me phytoplankton. ʻO ka mana kumu o ka hoʻoilo he detritus Hana nā Crustaceans i kahi neʻe me ka wāwae. No laila e hana lākou i kahi kahawai wai. He hao lākou ma nā wāwae o ko lākou umauma, kahi e pono ai no ka kānana ʻana i ka meaʻai. Aia ka ʻai ma ka ʻōpū, a mai laila aku ia i ke esophagus. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā daphnia i loko o ka aquarium i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia lākou i ke algae.
ALOHA
ʻO DAPHNIA magna wale nō, daphnia pulex, daphnia mion ka mea hoʻoluhi i ka poʻe aloha. Akā makemake pū lākou i ka mālama, mālama pono, ʻai pono. I kēia hihia, e hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻo daphnia a ulu i mea e lilo ai i meaʻai maikaʻi no ka iʻa.
He mea maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o Daphnia no ka mālamaʻana i ka home: hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai a hōʻiliʻili paha i loko o ka wai. ʻO nā loko me kahi wai wai, nā loko he nui a i ʻole kekahi iʻa (ʻo nā daphnia a me nā maʻi e hopu ʻia me ka iʻa) a ʻo nā pahu me nā wai kūpaʻa he mea maikaʻi ia no ka hopu ʻana. ʻO ka Prey ma ka home e ninini ʻia i loko o ka ipu piha, ʻoi aku ka keʻokeʻo. No laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka kānana hou ʻana i ka mea e hiki mai ana, e like me E noho nā ʻōiwi haole i ka lalo a e hoʻopili paha i nā paia keʻokeʻo, kahi ʻike maoli ʻia.
Inā hele nā mea kanu i hōʻiliʻili i ka iʻa no ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole ka wai i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea ola a pau i loko o ka pā i ka wai maʻamau. Koho ʻia ʻo Daphnia me kahi ʻupu pōpō i ʻole e hoʻopuʻi i ka noho o nā mea kanu aku. Mālama ʻia nā ʻelemaka o cladocera i kahi ʻāpana, no ka mea lawe maikaʻi lākou i ka leʻaleʻa. Hoʻomoe ka wai i ka wai no ke ola ma ka 20 mai ka 24 ° С (no ka daphnia species moin - 26-27 ° С), a me ke ʻano o ka nāwaliwali.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Plankton: ka huehina o ka kahu palaoa, ʻaila ʻulaʻula (wai aʻai, holoi ʻia me ka wai), chlorella. Hoʻopili i ka huapulu i kahi kala an enaena, 3 kolo ʻia i ka 1 lita o ka wai mahana. yeast, ʻo ia ka mahele maʻamau. Hāʻawi ka wai ʻai mai ka 0.5 a 2 cm3 i ka lita o ka wai. Ma kahi o ka chlorella maʻemaʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui maʻalahi i ka wai aquarium wai. I mea e loaʻa ai i ka iʻa nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe, ka manure lio a me ka ammonium nitrate i hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai.
Pehea e hana ai i ka wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ka hānai Daphnia
E hoʻolako iā Daphnia me ka ʻai kūlohelohe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomākaukau i ka wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo iā ʻoe iho. No ka hana i kēia, pono ʻoe i kahi kaakiki liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kahi moku ʻē aʻe i piha i ka wai aquarium. No ke aha mai wai ka wai mai ka hale aku? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka wai aku ka wai me ka wai mai kahi kū wai kūlohelohe.
Aia ka wai i loko o ia wai ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka puʻu dormant, a inā e hana ʻia nā ʻano maikaʻi no lākou, e hoʻomaka me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, a me nā mea palu i loko o ka wai aquarium e lilo i ʻai na lākou. No ka hoʻomakeʻa ʻana i nā alikae ʻala, pono ʻoe e pono i nā kukui ʻokoʻa i loko o ka hoʻolālā o ke ʻano hoʻohiwahiwa o ke kukui, e hoʻonā ʻia e nā ʻula ʻulaʻula.
He kukui me kahi kukui kukuiahi ʻo 40-60 watts kūpono kūpono no kēia kumu. Pono nā hola ʻona o ka hoʻomehana algae ma kahi o ka hola 8-12. I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, i mea e hoʻopakele ai i ka uila, hiki ke waiho i ka mea hoʻouluulu me ka algae ma ka lā maka, no ka hoʻohālike.
Akā e noʻonoʻo mau ana ia e kanu i nā algae a me ka daphnia i ka manawa like ma ka aquarium like. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomalu i ka ʻike o ka algae ma ka mea kanu me ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻomālamalama a me ka lōʻihi o nā hora o ke ao. Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻomanaʻo e hiki i ka daphnia ke ʻae i ka wai me kahi kaona mea nui o nā mea loea, a me ke algae, ma kahi'ē aʻe, e hoʻomohala mau i ka wai i kēlā wai.
Inā i ka wā kanu o ka daphnia aia i ka manawa i nui ai ka algae a ʻaʻole hoʻonui i ka daphnia, hōʻike kēia i ka hala o ka wai, ua nui nā mea kūlohelohe nui a ʻo ka manawa ke hoʻololi pū me ia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hana
He palaka nui loa nā Crustaceans. ʻO ka meaʻai nui o Daphnia i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea maʻi a me nā algae unicellular. No nā mea kanu e ʻike ana i ka hoʻoilo ma ka moku i ka wā e ala ai, ʻo ka mea hānai ma nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa a me nā wahi punahele ʻole. I lalo o ia ʻano, detritus ka meaʻai nui no ka fleas wai.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka meaʻai meaʻai. ʻAʻole he mea nui ʻo ka hiki ke hana i nā wai wai ma o nā ʻatikala i hana ʻia e nā wāwae pectoral. No ka kānana ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohana kūikawā ma nā bristles kānana-ʻano. Aia kēlā ʻano hanana ma nā kahua o nā endopodite mai nā kolu ʻekolu a ʻehā paha o nā lālā thoracic.
Inā nui ka haki nui i loko o ka mea hana no ka kānana, hoʻāla ʻia kekahi ʻāpana kūikawā, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi post-abdomain a me kāna mau kīʻaha. Hoʻohana ka poʻe kānana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka meaʻai i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, mai kahi e neʻe ai i ka maxilla a me nā mandibles. ʻO kahi wahi hope loa no ka assimilation o nā mea ʻai o ka esophagus.
Allergy Daphnia
Mai ke kino o nā kahe wai, hana ʻia nā meaʻai no ka poʻe noho o nā ʻolua. Ua maloʻo lākou, ua hoʻololi i ka pauka. ʻO kēia huahana ka ikaika o ka allergen ma mua o ka hapalua o ka hapa o ka honua.
Hoʻololi i ka wai Flea
I ka wā e komo ai nā hapa liʻiliʻi o ka lepo o ka pūnao i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka hanu, hele mai kahi ʻano alikaʻi.
- lakalaka
- ʻulaʻulaʻula o nā maka
- wili
- lālohelohe
- ihu waiole
- konopaea,
- pilikia hanu
- lele mai ka lāʻau.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka heleʻana o kahi alerine i loko o ke koko e alakaʻi i nā hōʻike o waho i kahi hopena alaka. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōleʻa ma ka ʻili, ka mea i hui pū ʻia e ka ʻehaʻā, ke kuni ʻana, me nā hōʻeha ʻole. I ka hikiʻole o ke kōkua kūpono, hiki i ke kūlana ke paʻakikī loa.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā maʻi pāpaʻi wai me ka antihistamines, nā ʻaihue waho. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke kauka ʻana e ke kauka, e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana.
Hoʻopau kā Daphnia
I ka nui o nā manawa, inā maikaʻi nā kūlana ola, hānau ʻo daphnia i nā wahine wale nō. Akā inā pōloli nā pōpilikia, a laila puka mai nā kāne.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā kūlana weliweli loa, ʻo ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia iā lākou.
ʻO ka wahine nā embryos. Hana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono i kēlā me kēia lā ʻekolu. ke nānā nei i nā crustaceans, aia kahi ʻōlelo i hiki i ka wahine ke hānau i 25 mau manawa i loko o kona ola holoʻokoʻa, akā maoli maoli hana pinepine ʻia kēia. Akā inā aia nā kūlana kūpono no ka daphnia, a laila e hānau no 30-40 mau grustaceans o nā crustaceans i hoʻokahi lā wale nō.
Pehea ka huahehe ai nā wai
I mea e hoʻolako ai i ka iʻa me ka iʻa a me ke kīhāpai i piha ka hiʻona piha, ua ulu pono ʻia ʻo Daphnia. I ka mua, pono e hoʻomākaukau i ka pahu kalapu i kūpono i ka hoʻoponopono houʻana o nā crustaceans. ʻO kahi pahu pepa waiho kūpono no ka meaʻai he kūpono. Hoʻohana pinepine nā aquarist i nā hue wai maʻamau. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi nā crustaceans ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wai. He mea nui wale nō ia ʻaʻole e loaʻa nā metala a me nā paʻakai. Hoʻokipa ʻia nā crustaceans i ka rewena a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I mea e ulu ai i nā algae, pono e kau i kahi kīʻaha a hoʻokomo i loko o ka moʻomeheu microalgae. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka pahu i kahi wahi mahana. I loko oʻelua pule wale nei, e kū mai kahi hānai piha no ka makemake nui o Daphnia. No ka hana hou ʻana o nā crustaceans, pono ia e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa: ʻo ka mahana o ke ea mai 23 a 25 mau kekona a me nā hora aniani i 24 mau lā. Hoʻololi, ʻo ka wai a me ka moʻomeheu Daphnia.
I ka manawa, ma ka nui a me ka pehea e ohi ai i ka daphnia
ʻAi ʻia ka "hōʻiliʻili" i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka wā e hiki ai ke kukū ʻana o nā crustaceans i ka 10-15 a i ʻole ma 20 ml. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka mea nui wale nō e pono e hopu, a laila e hoʻomau ka nui o nā mea liʻiliʻi a hāʻawi i kahi hanauna hou. I ka hiki ʻana o ka ʻike maka he 10 a emi aʻe paha nā crustaceans ma 20 ml, kū ke kaʻa. Hiki ke lawe ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻoihana kahiko me ka ʻupena me kahi nui o ka nui e hopu ai i nā mea nunui, a hoʻohana i nā mea hou aku - nā loina kūikawā no daphnia. Nā kikoʻī hou aku i ke wikiō ma lalo nei.
Eia ka algorithm maʻalahi e hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea: ʻai, hānai, hoʻololi i ka wai, hōʻoki ... a hou hou aku, e hanai, e hooli i ka wai, ohi…
He aha nā mea maikaʻi no nā iʻa?
No ke aha i makemake ai ka poʻe iʻa akuʻaʻa e hoʻāʻo iā lākou i ka daphnia? Maalea loa nā mea a pau. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka pōʻai hou a i loaʻa aʻe hou paha, ua kī pinepine ʻia ko lākou ʻōpū i nā meaʻai o ka mea kanu, a he mea maikaʻi loa kēia no ka iʻa akuʻaʻai i nele i kaʻai kūlohelohe. ʻO ia ke kumu e loaʻa ai ka daphnia i ka aquarium. ʻOiai he mea ʻole ka ʻili o Daphnia, ʻaʻole ia he mea maikaʻi loa i ka pōpō. Mahalo iā ia, ke lilo ka ʻōʻī o ka iʻa i ikaika, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ke kaha holo i loko o ka aquarium. ʻO nā mākaʻi o ka daphnia liʻiliʻi - ka moin, kaulana loa i kapa ʻia ka "live-bearer" - kūpono maikaʻi no ka iʻa aku i ka wā i ulu ʻole mai.
Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hopu i nā crustaceans ma kāu iho, pono e noʻonoʻo e noho i kahi o Daphnia, ua loli ka nui o nā crustaceans ma ke ʻano. No ka lawaiʻa ʻana i hoʻohana ai i kahi ʻāpana kiko, e pili ana nā ʻōnaehana me ka hopu i makemake ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi ʻo "lawaiʻa" e hopu ana i kahi ʻupena me nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, a no laila e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea ʻai e ka nui ma o ka sieve me nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ka lawaiʻa, hoʻomaka ʻana i ka wai a hiki i ka hiʻona ʻana o ka hau i ka wai. Kēia koho lākou i kahi i kahakai e pale ʻia mai ka makani no kēlā hanana i ka wā mālie i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi. Kūpono inā maikaʻi ʻole ka mālamalama. A laila ʻo Daphnia, kahi noho kahi e kūpono ai kēia ala, e ala i nā papa luna.
ʻO nā kūlana maikaʻi no nā crustaceans
E loaʻa ka hopena a Auction i ka daphnia. Mālama ia i ka holomua holomua o nā mea ola. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka oxygen, e hoʻoiho i ka wai. A ʻo kēlā kiʻi e makemake nui e kū mai ma luna o ka wai e nalowale. A mahalo a pau i kēia.
Akā makemake ʻoe i ka mana e hoʻohālikelike ʻia. E hoʻonāukiuki ka mana ikaika i nā holoholona. A e komo hou kēia mau aniani i ka ʻili o Daphnia, a laila e kū aʻe nā mea ola.
Pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai iā ia iho i nā loko
Pāpā pinepine ʻia ʻo Daphnia mai ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka hopena o ka wā e pau ai, a hiki i ke kumu o nā hau hau i nā loko.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hopu ʻana i nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi me kahi ʻupena maʻamau. A laila māʻalo ʻia lākou ma sieves, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i nā mea like e ka nui.
E hele i ka lawaiʻa ma ka lā ʻoluʻolu a me ke ao. ʻAe maʻamau e kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi manawa. I kēlā mau kūlana, piʻi nā crustaceans i ka wai o ka wai.
Ma ke kaʻina lawaiʻa, Daphnia ka manawa lūlū ʻia i loko o kahi moku kīʻaha kūikawā. Ma nā kīʻaha like o nā crustaceans a laila lawe ʻia. Mai poina e ma kahi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, hiki i nā kānaka ke make i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana.
Nui!Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka daphnia i mea ʻai no ka iʻa, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea āpau a holoi ʻia i ka wai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka "meaʻai ola pau ʻole" i loko o kahi moku me ka iʻa a i ʻole ka maikaʻi ʻole, e ninini pū me ia me ka wai mai kahi kō wai kūlohelohe. Ke holo nei ʻoe i ka pilikia o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maʻi a me nā palaai i loko o ka wai.